Patent Grant
7308848
The present invention relates to servo or servo-type valves configured to control or regulate fluid flow and/or pressure within a servo or other control system, and more particularly to a pressure control valve having an intrinsic feedback system, wherein the pressure control valve is configured with dual independent spool valves operating to regulate fluid flow, and more importantly pressure, within an open or closed loop system, and particularly between a control or pilot pressure source and a load pressure source.
Control and servo systems, such as hydraulic or pneumatic systems, are well known and operate on the simple principle of transferring force from an applied location to an output location by means of an incompressible fluid. The transfer is typically accomplished by means of a cylinder having a piston contained therein pushing the incompressible fluid through a fluid line to another cylinder, also having a piston, at a different location. One tremendous advantage to transferring force through a hydraulic system is that the incompressible fluid line connecting the two cylinders can be any length and shape, and can wind or bend through all sorts of positions separating the two pistons. The fluid line can also split into multiple other fluid lines thus allowing a master piston to drive multiple slave pistons. Another advantage of hydraulic systems is that it is very easy to increase or decrease the applied force at the output location. This hydraulic force multiplication is accomplished by changing the size of one piston relative to the other.
In most hydraulic systems, cylinders and pistons are connected through valves to a pump supplying high-pressure hydraulic fluid as the incompressible fluid. Spool valves are the most commonly used valves in hydraulic systems and can apply both forward and backward pressure to hydraulic actuators. Usually, in a piston type actuator, drawing the piston back into the cylinder requires very little force and can occur relatively quickly. To accomplish this, the highest possible flow rate of fluid at low pressure is desired and can be realized by moving the spool valve to a position that opens a return fluid line. When pushing the piston, however, the highest possible pressure is necessary in order to generate the maximum force at the output end. Spool valves are ideally suited to hydraulic systems because they allow manipulation of the flow rate to achieve hydraulic force.
Still, in spite of the advantages of spool valves in hydraulic systems, existing spool valves have certain design limitations. Traditional spool valves have been designed to be actuated by either electrical servos or internal control pressures called pilot pressures. Spool valves are commonly mounted in a cylindrical sleeve with fluid ports extending through the sleeve which can be opened or closed for fluid communication with each other by positioning the lands and recesses of the spool in appropriate locations within the sleeve. The working pressure is varied by opening or closing the valve allowing more or less pressurized fluid to flow from the reservoir. Usually, the valve is controlled by an electrical current. The current is related to the pressure in that the greater the current supplied, the wider the valve gate is opened allowing more pressurized fluid to flow. When the load pressure in the actuator finally equals the supply pressure then flow stops. In other words, for a given current you get a prescribed flow and when you get a load pressure that equals the supply pressure then the flow drops off and finally stops. As the load pressure approaches the reservoir pressure the valve loses linear response and the spool valve device system becomes unstable. Consequently, spool valve devices are typically run in the regime where the pressure source (i.e. reservoir) is very high compared to the load pressures and the flow versus input current linear in the usable region. This means that the system, and particularly the load, is always in a pressurized state and cannot be freely moved by an external force or under its own weight.
In addition to the current flow problems of traditional spool valves, classical hydraulic systems are problematic for several other reasons. First, complex controllers are needed to control the cycle times of valves and pistons. Second, cycle times for moving pistons are often long because large amounts of fluid are required to move output pistons. Third, the large quantity of fluid needed to drive output pistons requires constant pressurization of large reservoirs of fluid. Consequently, hydraulic machines typically require large amount of hydraulic fluid for operation and therefore require large external reservoirs to hold the difference in the volume of oil displaced by the two sides of any cylinder.
Classical spool valve devices are also limited in application because when a controlled flow is induced through a valve it is usually only translated into a controlled velocity. Consequently, complex system feedback devices must be used to convert the energy from a velocity system to a position system. Introducing feed back devices into the system limits the response of the system to the bandwidth of the feedback loop and the valves such that the time delays between the feedback devices and the valves make the system unstable when a resistive force is applied.
Still other problems exist with classical servo valves operating in classical servo systems. Due to the problems discussed above, these valves and systems are incapable of performing at high bandwidths without going unstable. In addition, significant amounts of energy may be lost when not all of the valves in a multiple valve system are being used. Finally, these systems exhibit poor impedance properties.
In light of the problems and deficiencies inherent in the prior art, the present invention seeks to overcome these by providing a servo or servo-type system that utilizes a pressure control valve having an intrinsic feedback system.
Although several objects of some of the various exemplary embodiments are specifically recited herein, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention in any way. Indeed, it is contemplated that each of the various exemplary embodiments comprises other objects that are not specifically recited herein, which will be apparent to and appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art upon practicing the invention as taught and described.
In accordance with the invention as embodied and broadly described herein, what is featured is, generally, a pressure control valve for use within a servo or servo-type system configured to perform one or more active and/or passive functions, such as driving or actuating a load, wherein the pressure control valve comprises dual independent spools and a resultant intrinsic pressure feedback system. The pressure control valve is designed to regulate the flow of fluid, and more importantly the pressure, within the servo-type system, namely, between the control or pilot pressure and the load or load pressure (e.g., as induced by an actuator coupled to a load, wherein the actuator is configured to convert a received pressure to a force to drive the load, and vice versa in response to external forces acting on the load).
The pressure control valve is unique in that it is capable of operating at high bandwidths without sacrificing stability in the system. The pressure control valve is also unique in that it is capable of allowing the servo-type system to operate with a high degree of efficiency by functioning to allow the free-swing or dangle of the load without requiring power input to move or displace the load to achieve dangle movement. In other words, under certain and selective controlled conditions, the load may free swing or dangle in a bidirectional manner without the need to actively drive the actuator coupled to the load in either direction. In this mode, fluid is allowed to directly shunt back and forth between the actuator, the pressure control valve, and optionally the return reservoir through the return of the pressure control valve.
Instead of requiring a conventional feed back loop, the present invention pressure control valve utilizes a pilot or control pressure that can be set and varied as needed. The control pressure functions to supply pressure to the control chamber in fluid contact with the independent spools. In the event the load pressure exceeds the pilot pressure, the return spool opens allowing fluid to flow through the return ports in an attempt to stabilize or equalize the pressure in the system. In the event the pilot pressure exceeds the load pressure, the pressure spool opens allowing pressurized fluid to flow through the pressure ports in an attempt to stabilize or equalize the pressure in the system. Thus, the pressure control valve of the present invention could be described generally as a valve having dual independent floating spools that regulate respective pressure and return valves, wherein the spools act in cooperation with one another to keep pressure acting on or within the actuator (the load pressure) the same as the control or pilot pressure in the pressure control valve. Stated differently, when the load displaces in any one direction, thus changing the pressure in the load actuator or actuator, the return and pressure spools adjust to hold the pressure inside the load actuator the same as the control pressure inside the pressure control valve. Whenever the pressure in the load actuator exceeds the pilot or control pressure, the valve vents to purge pressure, and whenever the pressure in the load actuator is less than the pilot pressure, the valve takes pressurized fluid in and keeps pressure constant just like a regulator. Therefore, the present invention pressure control valve may be thought of as a dynamic pressure regulator. Indeed, the dual independent spools function like dynamically pre-defined fixed pressure regulators because the control or pilot pressure can be changed very quickly and remain stable when load pressures or feedback pressures exceed pilot or control pressures. This allows the gain in the system to be increased significantly without affecting the stability of the system.
Additionally, since the dual independent spool pressure control valve is intrinsically a pressure source instead of a velocity source, when placed in servo or servo-type systems having an actuated load, the pressure in the system is converted to a force that drives the load. Consequently, when the current pressure in the system increases the resultant force within the load also increases.
Specifically, the present invention features a pressure control valve for regulating pressure within a servo system, wherein the pressure control valve comprises: (a) a valve body having return and pressure inlet and outlet ports formed therein, as well as first and second feedback ports, for fluidly communicating with an interior cavity of the valve body; (b) a return spool freely supported within the valve body and configured to regulate fluid flow through the return inlet and outlet ports; (c) a pressure spool, independent of the return spool, and freely supported within the valve body opposite the return spool, wherein the pressure spool is configured to regulate fluid flow through the pressure inlet and outlet ports; (d) an intrinsic pressure feedback system configured to displace the return and pressure spools in response to a pressure differential created between a pilot pressure and a feedback pressure concurrently acting on the return and pressure spools, wherein the intrinsic pressure feedback system functions to dissipate the pressure differential towards a state of equilibrium between the pilot and feedback pressures; and (e) limiting means located within the valve body and configured to establish limiting positions of the return and pressure spools within the valve body during operation.
The present invention further features a pressure control valve comprising: (a) a floating return spool configured to freely move within a valve body; (b) a floating pressure spool configured to freely move within the valve body, wherein the floating return and pressure spools are structurally independent of one another and the valve body, the floating return and pressure spools regulating pressure in a servo system via an intrinsic feedback system configured to systematically restore a system pressure to a state of equilibrium by displacing the return and pressure spools in response to a pressure differential existing between a pilot pressure and a feedback pressure acting on opposing sides of the return and pressure spools in an attempt to dissipate the pressure differential.
The intrinsic feedback system just discussed comprises first and second feedback chambers in fluid connection with respective feedback pressure sides of the floating return and pressure spools; first and second feedback ports formed within the valve body and in fluid communication with the first and second feedback chambers, respectively; a main fluid line in fluid communication with the first and second feedback ports; a load feed line in fluid communication with the main fluid line and a load energy conversion system configured to convert a force from a load into a load pressure that dictates the feedback pressure acting on the feedback pressure sides of the floating return and pressure spools; a pilot chamber in fluid communication with respective pilot pressure sides of the floating return and pressure spools; and a pilot port formed in the valve body and in fluid communication with a pilot valve in fluid communication with a pilot pressure source configured to supply the pilot pressure to the pilot pressure chamber. The pilot valve is configured to control and vary the pilot pressure.
The present invention further features a method for regulating and controlling pressure within a servo-type system, wherein the method comprises: (a) providing a pressure control valve having a valve body and independent return and pressure spools freely situated in the valve body, the return and pressure spools each comprising a pilot pressure side and a feedback pressure side and each configured to regulate fluid flow through return and pressure inlet and outlet ports formed in the valve body, respectively; (b) supplying a pilot pressure to the respective pilot pressure sides of the return and pressure spools; (c) supplying a feedback pressure to the respective feedback pressure sides of the return and pressure spools; and (d) inducing a pressure differential across the pilot pressure and feedback pressure sides of the return and pressure spools, thus causing at least one of the return and pressure spools to displace in response to the pressure differential for the purpose of dissipating the pressure differential and equalizing the pilot pressure and the feedback pressure.
The present invention will become more fully apparent from the following description and appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Understanding that these drawings merely depict exemplary embodiments of the present invention they are, therefore, not to be considered limiting of its scope. It will be readily appreciated that the components of the present invention, as generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, could be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Nonetheless, the invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings in which:
The following detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the invention makes reference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof and in which are shown, by way of illustration, exemplary embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. While these exemplary embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art practice the invention, it should be understood that other embodiments may be realized and that various changes to the invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, the following more detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, as represented in
The following detailed description and exemplary embodiments of the invention will be best understood by reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein the elements and features of the invention are designated by numerals throughout.
The present invention describes, generally, a method and system for controlling the dynamics of an actuatable load functioning or operable within a servo or servo-type system, wherein the dynamics of the load are controlled by way of unique pressure control valve (hereinafter “PCV”) configured to provide intrinsic pressure regulation. Unlike conventional flow control valves, the present invention PCV provides better dynamic performance by being able to provide sufficiently high gain, and therefore achieve soft or better performance, without going unstable. Indeed, the present invention PCV provides force control rather than velocity control, such as in conventional flow control valves.
The PCV, which may be referred to as a dynamic pressure regulator because of its capabilities, is unique in that it utilizes dual spools that are physically independent of one another and freely supported in the valve body to regulate the pressures acting within the overall system between the control or pilot pressure and the load or load pressure. The dual spools of the PCV, although physically independent of one another, function in cooperation with one another in an attempt to maintain a state of equilibrium in the system, namely to keep pressure acting on or within the actuator (the load pressure) the same as the control or pilot pressure. Moreover, pressure regulation and control is intrinsic to the PCV because of the configuration and function of the dual spools and the intrinsic feedback system, thus eliminating the need for electronically or mechanically user controlled feedback systems.
The PCV actuates, and therefore regulates pressure, via an intrinsic feedback system that functions in response to a pressure differential existing between the load pressure (or feedback pressure) and the pilot pressure, wherein the pressure differential may be generated by any one of or both of a change in load pressure or pilot pressure. Two independent spools, namely a pressure spool and a return spool, freely situated or disposed within the PCV function to regulate fluid flow, and therefore pressure, through respective pressure and return ports, thereby systematically controlling the pressurized fluid input into the system, as well as the fluid returning from the system to the fluid reservoir. Actuation of the PCV effectively means intrinsic actuation of at least one or both of the spools in response to the pressure differential in an effort to dissipate the pressure differential and to restore a state of equilibrium between the pilot pressure and the feedback or load pressure. As a result of the configuration of the PCV, the dual independent spools intrinsically and systematically respond to the pressure differential between the internal pilot pressure and/or the load pressure by displacing to either regulate fluid flow, and more specifically pressure, through the pressure ports or the return ports or both. Specifically, when the load pressure exceeds the pilot pressure, the return spool displaces to open the return port, thus relieving pressure within the system, in attempt to maintain pressure equilibrium within the system. Conversely, when the pilot pressure exceeds the load pressure, the pressure spool displaces to open the pressure port, thus increasing pressure within the system, also in an attempt to maintain pressure equilibrium within the system. In another aspect, the return and pressure ports may be partially open and/or closed at the same time in order to regulate pressure within the system and to achieve a pre-determined system pressure state.
When the pilot pressure forces the pressure spool to open the pressure port, thus allowing pressurized fluid into the system, the PCV transmits the resulting pressure to the actuator, which converts the pressure into a force to drive the load. When an external force is applied to the load, thus increasing the load pressure within the system, the actuator converts this force into a pressure, wherein the increased pressure causes the return spool of the PCV to displace to open the return port to purge pressure from the system in an attempt to maintain a state of equilibrium between the pilot pressure and the load pressure. Moreover, the PCV is configured to provide the ability for the load to freely move or swing (referred to herein as dangle) under its own weight or in response to an external force. This is accomplished by selectively lowering and maintaining the pilot pressure below the feedback pressure so that the return spool displaces to open the return port, thus reducing pressure losses in the system and allowing fluid to slosh or shunt back and forth between the actuator and the pressure control valve, and/or optionally the return fluid reservoir. Each of the above aspects are discussed in greater detail below.
In some embodiments, and under certain system parameters, the PCV operates without significantly using or diluting the primary fluid reserve that has been pressurized. This is achieved by providing separate and independent pressure and return spools for controlling the pressurized fluid and the fluid returning to the reservoir, respectively. Separate, independent spools also allow area ratio hydraulic multiplication to take place at the valve rather than at the actuator, thus requiring only minimal amounts of pressurized fluid in order to increase or decrease the force output of the hydraulic system. This creates a servo or servo-type system that is primarily concerned with conserving fluid consumption and preserving the main pressure source rather than requiring large amounts of fluid as do prior related systems. If the ratios are changed at the valve, then delicate motions by the actuator will not use the entire fluid supply but will instead use a fraction of the fluid used in conventional servo systems. In other words, under certain system parameters the dual independent spool valves are capable of allowing fluid to flow through the return of one or more actuators and one or more pressure control valves independent of, and/or without significantly disturbing, the main pressure source.
The phrase “pressure differential,” and similar phraseology, as used herein, shall be understood to mean or shall refer to a state of non-equilibrium existing within the system between the pilot pressure and the load pressure. In some embodiments, a “pressure differential” may mean a simple difference in pressure magnitudes between the load pressure and the pilot pressure. In other embodiments, namely those utilizing area reduction for load/force translation or multiplication, a “pressure differential” may mean a non-proportional difference in pressure existing between the load pressure and the pilot pressure, taking into account the different areas of the valve body, the actuator, and any hydraulic multiplication.
The phrase “load pressure,” as used herein, shall be understood to mean the pressure existing within the load actuator coupled to a load. The load pressure directly influences and dictates the feedback pressure.
The phrase “feedback pressure,” as used herein, shall be understood to mean the pressure acting upon the feedback pressure sides of the return and pressure spools as received or dictated by the load pressure after all area reductions/increases and fluid pressure multiplications/divisions have occurred, if any. The feedback pressure may, in some cases, equal the load pressure.
The phrase “load actuator,” as used herein, shall be understood to mean any system or device capable of converting fluid energy into usable energy, such as mechanical energy. A typical example of a load actuator is a hydraulic actuator coupled to a load, wherein the hydraulic actuator receives pressurized hydraulic fluid from a hydraulic fluid source and converts this into mechanical work or a force sufficient to, drive a load.
The term “dangle,” as used herein, shall be understood to mean the free swing of the load in either direction in response to an external force, wherein the movement of the load is achieved without providing active input to move the load in either direction (which condition may be referred to as passive passivity). The ability to dangle or free-swing is made possible by the present invention pressure control valve operating in the “slosh mode.”
The term “slosh” or the phrase “slosh mode,” as used herein, shall be understood to mean the state of the pressure control valve, wherein the pilot pressure is lowered and maintained below the load or feedback pressure, thus causing the return spool to displace to the open position. The pilot pressure may fluctuate in order to keep it below any fluctuating load or feedback pressures (e.g., due to the relative position of a piston within an actuator coupled to a load). With the pilot pressure below the load or feedback pressure and the return spool open, fluid is able to directly shunt or slosh back and forth between the load actuator and the return fluid reservoir through the open return ports of the pressure control valve to achieve passive actuation of the load, which may be movement of the load imposed by external forces (e.g., under gravity, as a result of an externally applied force to the load, etc.) or induced internal forces (e.g., such as a result of momentum, etc.). The shunting of fluid is achieved with little or no resistance, thus improving the impedance of the system.
In the slosh mode, no active input (e.g., power) is required to influence the dynamics of the load in either direction as in prior related servo systems. Thus, the load is passively actuated. Indeed, prior related systems are only apparently passive, meaning that some degree of power is still needed to move the load in one or both directions. This prior art condition may be termed as “active passivity” because, although the system appears passive, it really is active.
On the other hand, the present invention pressure control valve is capable of passive passivity. “Passive passivity” may refer to the ability of the present invention pressure control valve, as contained within a servo or servo-type system, to allow the load to passively actuate or move in response to induced external or internal forces without any active input or influence (power) from the system.
With reference to
As shown, this particular embodiment of the valve body 12 comprises a cylindrical, tube shaped structure having an interior cavity 60 defined therein by the wall segment of the valve body 12. The interior cavity 60 is configured to contain or house each of the pressure and return spools 40 and 50, as well as to accommodate their displacement. Indeed, the interior cavity 60 comprises a diameter or cross-sectional area that is slightly larger than the diameter or cross-sectional area of the return and pressure spools 40 and 50, thus allowing the return and pressure spools 40 and 50 to move bi-directionally therein, as well as to adequately seal against the inside surface of the wall segment of the valve body 12 as needed. The size of the interior cavity 60 with respect to the return and pressure spools 40 and 50 is such that the return and pressure spools 40 and 50 are able to maintain their orientation within the interior cavity 60 as they are caused displace back and forth therein.
The interior cavity 60, and the return and pressure spools 40 and 50, are also sized to achieve a sealed relationship. In essence, the valve body 12, and particularly the interior cavity 60, has defined therein various chambers. As shown in
The PCV 10, and particularly the valve body 12, further comprises several ports that function to facilitate fluid flow through the PCV 10 and that communicate with the interior cavity 60. In the embodiment shown, the valve body 12 has formed therein several inlet and outlet ports that are regulated by the positioning of the return and pressure spools 40 and 50. Specifically, the valve body 12 comprises a return inlet port 14 and a return outlet port 16, wherein the return spool 40 is caused to displace to open these ports to allow fluid to flow therethrough and pressure to be purged from the PCV 10, and the system in which it is operating, in those conditions when the load pressure exceeds the pilot pressure. The valve body 12 also comprises a pressure inlet port 18 and a pressure outlet port 20, wherein the pressure spool 50 is caused to displace to open these ports to allow fluid to flow therethrough and pressure to be input into the PCV 10, and the system in which it is operating, in those conditions when the pilot pressure exceeds the load pressure.
The return inlet and outlet ports 14 and 16, respectively, and the pressure inlet and outlet ports 18 and 20, respectively, along the valve body 12 and with respect to the return and pressure spools 40 and 50 are preferably related, such that when the return inlet and outlet ports 14 and 16 are open, the pressure inlet and outlet ports 18 and 20 are closed, and vice versa. Thus, the PCV 10, and more particularly the return and pressure spools 40 and 50 and the return and pressure inlet and outlet ports 14, 16, 18, and 20, are configured to allow the PCV to function as intended, depending upon the pressures acting within the system. One skilled in the art will recognize other design alternative configurations, other than the specific ones illustrated and described herein.
In the embodiment shown in
The return inlet port 14 fluidly communicates with the interior cavity 60 in the valve body 12 and a load actuator, such as a hydraulic actuator (not shown). In contrast, the return outlet port 16 fluidly communicates with the interior cavity 60 in the valve body 12 and a return fluid reservoir (also not shown). The fluid communication between these various return ports is controlled by return spool 40, as is discussed in greater detail below. It will be appreciated, however, that when the load (and/or feedback) pressure exceeds the pilot pressure, the return spool 40 displaces to open the return inlet and outlet ports 14 and 16, thus allowing fluid to flow through the return inlet port 14, into interior cavity 60, and subsequently through the return outlet port 16 toward the return fluid reservoir to purge pressure from the system. In other words, if the pilot pressure is lowered below the output or load pressure, the feedback pressure will be higher than the pilot pressure, thus causing the return spool to displace to open the return inlet and outlet ports 14 and 16. Fluid flows from the output port to the return ports 14 and 16, thus causing the load and feedback pressures to drop.
One of the unique aspects of the present invention is that the control or pilot pressure in the system may be dropped and maintained at a level sufficient to open the return spool 40 and the return inlet and outlet ports 14 and 16. In this mode, the PCV 10 functions to allow fluid to slosh or shunt back and forth between the load actuator (hydraulic actuator) and the return fluid reservoir through the return inlet and outlet ports 14 and 16 according to the movement of the load. This effectively allows the load to free swing or dangle without requiring any active input to drive the load in either direction. The concept of dangling when the PCV 10 is in the slosh mode is discussed in greater detail below.
The pressure inlet port 18 fluidly communicates with the interior cavity 60 of the valve body 12 and a pressurized fluid source 19. In contrast, the pressure outlet port 20 fluidly communicates with the interior cavity 60 in the valve body 12 and the load actuator. The fluid communication between these various ports is controlled by the pressure spool 50, as is discussed in greater detail below. It will be appreciated, however, that when the pilot pressure exceeds the load (and/or feedback) pressure, the pressure spool 50 displaces to open the pressure inlet and outlet ports 18 and 20, thus allowing pressurized fluid to flow through the pressure inlet port 18, into interior cavity 60, and subsequently through the pressure outlet port 20 to supply pressure to the load actuator, through the output/load pressure port, which converts the increased pressure to a force that actively drives the load. In other words, as the pilot pressure is raised to exceed the feedback pressure, this causes the pressure spool 50 to displace to open the pressure inlet and outlet ports 18 and 20. Fluid flows from the pressure supply and pressure ports to the output/load pressure port, thus causing the output and feedback pressures to rise. With the pressure supply open, the output pressure rises until it is equal to the pilot port pressure. The pressure spool 50 then closes preventing the output pressure from rising above the pilot port pressure.
The valve body 12 further has formed therein a pilot pressure port 26 that functions to facilitate the flow of pressurized fluid into the pilot pressure chamber 28. The pilot pressure port 26 fluidly communicates with a pilot valve 31 configured to supply pressurized fluid from a fluid source 29, such as a pump, to the pilot pressure chamber 28. The pressurized fluid (thus, the pilot or control pressure) input into the pilot pressure chamber 28 through the pilot pressure port 26 functions to act upon a pilot pressure side 42 of return spool 40 and a pilot pressure side 52 of pressure spool 50 to influence the displacement of the return and pressure spools 40 and 50 away from each other. In addition, the pilot pressure input into the pilot pressure chamber 28 functions to oppose or counteract the load or feedback pressure that is also acting on the return and pressure spools 40 and 50 through the fluid feedback system. As such, the pilot pressure functions as a control pressure for the PCV 10 and the system. Indeed, the pilot pressure may be selectively increased or decreased or held constant relative to the load pressure to control the displacement of the return and pressure spools 40 and 50, and therefore the pressure within the system. Varying or changing the pilot pressure may be done very rapidly, which allows the PCV to act like a dynamically pre-defined fixed pressure regulator.
It will be appreciated that the size of the pilot pressure chamber 28 can vary with the magnitude of the pilot pressure and the resultant displacement position of the return and pressure spools 40 and 50 within the valve body as opposed by the load pressure acting through the feedback system. Thus, the pilot pressure chamber 28 is a function of the relationship between the pilot pressure and the load or feedback pressure. It will also be appreciated that a pilot pressure chamber 28 will always exist in the PCV 10 as the return and pressure spools 40 and 50 are prohibited from making contact with each other no matter the magnitude of the load pressure. Indeed, the return and pressure spools 40 and 50 are limited in the distance they are allowed to displace as a result of the ends of the valve body 12, as well as various limiting means strategically placed within the interior cavity 60 of the valve body.
The limiting means are intended to control the displacement distance each of the return and pressure spools 40 and 50 are allowed to travel within the valve body 12. More specifically, the limiting means function to establish a pre-determined operating position for each of the spools during the various operating states or modes of the PCV 10. One exemplary form of limiting means is a plurality of spool stops strategically positioned within the interior cavity 60 of the valve body 12 to prevent unwanted displacement of the spools within the valve body 12.
Return spool feedback port 22, formed in a first end of the valve body 12, facilitates the fluid communication of the load actuator (not shown), which may comprise a load actuator such as a hydraulic actuator, with the return spool feedback chamber 62 and the feedback pressure side 46 of return spool 40 functioning as one boundary for the feedback chamber 62. Thus, fluid from the load actuator can flow through the return spool feedback port 22 and into the feedback chamber 62, thereby communicating a feedback pressure to the feedback pressure side 46 of the return spool 40. The feedback chamber 62 comprises a pre-determined diameter or cross-sectional area, which converts the load pressure into a feedback pressure to be exerted on the return spool 40.
It will be appreciated that when the feedback pressure in the feedback chamber 62 is greater than the pilot pressure in the pilot pressure chamber 28, the return spool 40 will displace towards the center of the pilot pressure chamber 28 until it contacts the spool stop 34, thus opening the return inlet and outlet ports 14 and 16 to purge pressure. The return spool 40 stays in this position until the load pressure and the pilot pressure equalize. Conversely, when the feedback pressure in the feedback chamber 62 is less than the pilot pressure in the pilot pressure chamber 28, the return spool 40 will displace towards the end of the valve body 12 away from the pilot pressure chamber 28 until it contacts the spool stop 44. In this position, the return inlet and outlet ports 14 and 16 are closed allowing the system pressure to increase. The return spool 40 maintains this position until the pressure in the feedback chamber 62 again exceeds the pilot pressure in the pilot pressure chamber 28.
Similarly, pressure spool feedback port 24, formed in a second end of the valve body 12, facilitates the fluid communication of the load actuator (not shown) with the pressure spool feedback chamber 68 and the feedback pressure side 56 of the pressure spool 50 functioning as one boundary for the feedback chamber 68. Thus, fluid from the load actuator can flow through the pressure spool feedback port 24 and into the feedback chamber 68, thereby communicating a feedback pressure to the feedback pressure side 56 of the pressure spool 50. The feedback chamber 68 comprises a pre-determined diameter or cross-sectional area, which converts the load pressure into a feedback pressure to be exerted on the pressure spool 50.
It will be appreciated that when the feedback pressure in the feedback chamber 68 is greater than the pilot pressure in the pilot pressure chamber 28, the pressure spool 50 will displace towards the center of the pilot pressure chamber 28 until it contacts the spool stop 54, thus closing the pressure inlet and outlet ports 18 and 20. The pressure spool 50 maintains this position until the load pressure and the pilot pressure equalize. Conversely, when the feedback pressure in the feedback chamber 68 is less than the pilot pressure in the pilot pressure chamber 28, the pressure spool 50 will displace towards the end of the valve body 12 away from the pilot pressure chamber 28, thus opening the pressure inlet and outlet ports 18 and 20 to increase the system pressure. The pressure spool 50 maintains this position until the pressure in the feedback chamber 68 again exceeds the pilot pressure in the pilot pressure chamber 28, at which time the pressure inlet and outlet ports 18 and 20 are closed.
Limiting means, namely, spool stops 34, 44 and 54, respectively, are configured to limit the movement of return and pressure spools 40 and 50 within the interior cavity 60 of the valve body 12. More specifically, the limiting means are configured to ensure the proper displacement and alignment of the return and pressure spools 40 and 50 with respect to the return and pressure inlet and outlet ports 14, 16, 18, and 20, as well as the pilot pressure port 26. As noted above, spool stop 34 restricts the movement of return and pressure spools 40 and 50 towards each other. Specifically, spool stop 34 is positioned such that return spool 40 cannot close pilot pressure port 26. Spool stop 34 also prevents fluid communication between the return inlet and outlet ports 14 and 16 and the return spool feedback port 22.
Spool stop 44 restricts the displacement of the return spool 40 towards the end of the valve body 12, as shown. Specifically, spool stop 44 is positioned such that the return inlet and outlet ports 14 and 16 are closed when the return spool 40 contacts the spool stop 44. It will also be appreciated that the position of spool stop 44 also prevents fluid communication between the return inlet and outlet ports 14 and 16 and the pilot pressure chamber 28.
Spool stop 54 restricts the movement of the pressure spool 50 towards the return spool 40 and the pilot chamber 28. Specifically, spool stop 54 is positioned such that the pressure inlet and outlet ports 18 and 20 are closed when the pressure spool 50 contacts the spool stop 54. It will also be appreciated that spool stop 54 prevents fluid communication of the pressure inlet and outlet ports 18 and 20 with the pressure spool feedback port 24. Moreover, pressure inlet and outlet ports 18 and 20 are not allowed to be in fluid communication with the pilot pressure chamber 28.
As stated, the PCV 10 further comprises dual, independent spools, namely return spool 40 and pressure spool 50, that are preferably freely situated or supported within the interior cavity 60 of the valve body 12. By freely supported it is meant that the spools are not attached to each other or any other structure or device, such as mechanical actuating or supporting means. In other words, the spools float within the interior of the valve body and are constrained in their movement or displacement only by the pressures acting upon them and any limiting means located in the valve body 12. In one aspect, the return and pressure spools 40 and 50 are low mass spools. However, the mass of the spools may vary depending upon the application.
Return and pressure spools 40 and 50 are intended to operate within the valve body 12 independent of one another. The term “independent” or the phrase “independently controlled and operated” or any other similar terminology or phraseology, as used herein, is intended to mean that the two spools are operated or controlled individually or separately and that they are free from interconnection with or interdependence upon one another. This also means that the return and pressure spools 40 and 50 displace or are caused to displace in response to the intrinsic pressure parameters acting within the system at any given time and not by any mechanically or electrically controlled actuation device or system. More specifically, the PCV is intended to regulate pressure within the system it is contained in accordance with the pressure feedback system intrinsic to the PCV, wherein the return and pressure spools are caused to displace in accordance with a pressure differential occurring or acting within the system in an attempt to dissipate the pressure differential and to equalize the pilot pressure and the load or feedback pressure. A pressure differential exists when the load or feedback pressure acting on one side of the return and pressure spools differs from the pilot pressure concurrently acting on the other side of the return and pressure spools. As these two pressures concurrently acting on opposite sides of the return and pressure spools differ, and depending upon the dominant pressure, the return and pressure spools will displace to open and close the appropriate ports that would facilitate or cut off the fluid flow needed to balance the overall system pressure or that would attempt to balance the load pressure in the load actuator and the pilot pressure.
In the PCV 10, a pressure differential is created when the feedback pressure acting on the feedback pressure sides of the return and pressure spools 40 and 50 comprises a different magnitude than the pressure acting on the pilot pressure sides of the return and pressure spools 40 and 50. This pressure differential may be in favor of the load pressure or the pilot pressure. Either way, the return and pressure spools 40 and 50 are designed to displace in response to the pressure differential in an attempt to restore the pilot pressure and the load or feedback pressure to a state of equilibrium. However, the pilot pressure, since it is specifically and selectively controlled, will be capable of inducing a pre-determined pressure differential for a pre-determined duration of time. Thus, if the pressure in the system needs to be increased, the pilot pressure is selectively manipulated to exceed the load or feedback pressure, thus causing the pressure spool 50 to displace to open pressure inlet and outlet ports 18 and 20 and to let pressurized fluid from the pressure source into the system. Likewise, if the pressure in the system needs to be reduced, the pilot pressure can be selectively manipulated to be less than the load or feedback pressure, thus causing the return spool 40 to displace to open return inlet and outlet ports 14 and 16 and to purge pressure from the system. It should be noted that a pressure differential may be induced in the system by manipulation of the pilot pressure or the load. Either way, the resulting displacement of spools functions to open and close the appropriate inlet and outlet ports to regulate the pressure within the system.
Both the return and pressure spools 40 and 50 comprise a geometric configuration or shape that matches or substantially matches or conforms to the geometric configuration or shape of the interior cavity 60 of the valve body 12. As shown, return and pressure spools 40 and 50 are generally cylindrical in shape, and comprise two lands and a recess therebetween, as well as first and second sides. Specifically, in the embodiment shown in
As noted above, feedback side 46 of return spool 40 is in fluid communication with feedback chamber 62, while pilot pressure side 42 is in fluid communication with the pilot pressure chamber 28. Lands 72 and 74 comprise a suitable diameter or cross-sectional area so as to be able to seal against the interior wall surface of the valve body 12. As sealed, and during displacement of the return spool 40, lands 72 and 74 prevent fluid communication or fluid crosstalk between feedback chamber 62, recess 82, and pilot pressure chamber 28. In addition, lands 72 and 74 function with recess 82, since it is smaller in diameter than lands 72 and 74, to facilitate the proper flow of fluid through return inlet port 14 to outlet port 16. Indeed, once these ports are opened, the fluid flows into the PCV 10 through the return inlet port 14, through the recess 82 of the return spool 40, and out the return outlet port 16.
Also as noted above, feedback side 56 of pressure spool 50 is in fluid communication with feedback chamber 68, while pilot pressure side 52 of pressure spool 50 is in fluid communication with the pilot pressure chamber 28. Lands 76 and 78 also comprise a suitable diameter or cross-sectional area so as to be able to seal against the interior wall surface of the valve body 12. As sealed, and during displacement of the pressure spool 40, lands 76 and 78 prevent fluid communication or fluid crosstalk between feedback chamber 68, recess 84, and pilot pressure chamber 28. In addition, lands 76 and 78 function with recess 84, since it is smaller in diameter than lands 76 and 78, to facilitate the proper flow of fluid through pressure inlet port 18 to pressure outlet port 20. Indeed, once these ports are opened, fluid flows into the PCV 10 through the pressure inlet port 18, through the recess 84 of the pressure spool 50, and out the pressure outlet port 20.
In accordance with the immediate discussion, one of the unique features of the present invention PCV is its intrinsic feedback system. Unlike prior related systems that focus on and function to control fluid flow, this intrinsic feedback system functions to allow the PCV to regulate and control the pressures within a servo or servo-type system automatically, in response to induced conditions, or in a manipulative manner, all without requiring external control means. The intrinsic feedback system is a function of the fluid communication between the various components of the PCV and the pilot and load pressures. More particularly, the intrinsic feedback system is a function of the communication between the pilot and load pressures acting on opposing sides of the independent return and pressure spools, wherein the load and pilot pressures oppose one another. The independent return and pressure spools, which may be considered floating spools within the valve body, are configured to act in concert with one another to systematically displace, in accordance with an induced pressure differential, to open the appropriate ports to either increase or decrease overall system pressure. Owing to the various limiting means strategically placed within the system, as well as the relative positioning of the return and pressure inlet and outlet ports, the independent return and pressure spools are configured to displace accordingly to restore the servo system to as close a state of equilibrium as possible, limited only by system constraints and/or selective and controlled operating conditions. Various examples of the present invention PCV intrinsic feedback system are illustrated in the figures and described below with respect to the various operating states of the PCV.
Return and pressure spools 40 and 50 will be located in specific positions depending on the pilot pressure, as well as whether it is desired that a pressure within the load actuator be increased, whether the load actuator is to be allowed to relax, or whether the load actuator will be required to hold a sustained load. Various operating conditions or modes of the PCV 10 with the spools shown in both actuated and resting positions are discussed below.
Finally, first and second feedback ports 22 and 24 are in fluid communication with first and second feedback lines 192 and 196, respectively, wherein the first and second feedback lines 192 and 196 are configured to receive fluid from or transmit fluid to main line 200. Main fluid line 200 fluidly connects to the load actuator (not shown) through a load feed line 210. The load feed line 210 is configured and functions as an output or load pressure port.
While
With reference to
As mentioned, the return spool 40 is simultaneously being acted upon by the pilot pressure, which results in its continued contact with the spool stop 44, in which the return spool 40 is positioned to close the return inlet 20 and outlet ports 18, thus preventing the flow of fluid out of the system 100. It will be appreciated that the pressure spool 50 is caused to displace as a result of the pilot pressure exceeding the feedback pressure, thus, creating a pressure differential in the system 100. It will also be appreciated that the pressure spool 50 is capable of responding to the pressure differential without external controlling means, thus illustrating the intrinsic feedback capabilities of the present invention PCV.
Additionally,
As indicated, the pressure control valve comprises an output/load pressure port. In the embodiment shown, the main fluid line 200 is also in fluid communication with an output/load pressure port or load feed line 210 which allows fluid to flow between the main fluid line 200 and load actuator 220. In
Consequently, load actuator 220 can exert a variable load or feedback pressure on the load feedback pressure sides 46 and 56 of return and pressure spools 40 and 50 through main feed line 200. That is, when hydraulic actuator 220 comprises a load that translates into a feedback pressure that is less then the pilot pressure, a pressure differential is created. This pressure differential causes the pressure spool 50 to displace accordingly to open pressure inlet and outlet ports 18 and 20 in an attempt to dissipate the pressure differential and to equalize the system once again. Opening these ports causes pressurized fluid to enter the system, thus causing piston 240 to exert an associated force on attached load 250. Alternatively, when load actuator 220 comprises a load that translates into a feedback pressure that is greater than the pilot pressure, a pressure differential of a different kind is created. This pressure differential causes the return spool 40 to displace accordingly to open return inlet and outlet ports 14 and 16 in an attempt to dissipate the pressure differential and to equalize the system. Opening these ports purges pressurized fluid from the system, thus lowering the overall system pressure and allowing the load to retract. As can be seen, the intrinsic feedback system allows the present invention PCV 10 to function with significant advantages over prior related systems.
With reference to
It will be appreciated that the return spool 40 is caused to displace by the influence of the feedback pressure due to the pressure differential existing between the pilot pressure and the load or resulting feedback pressure. Indeed, as the feedback pressure exceeds the pilot pressure a pressure differential exists between the pilot pressure side 42 and the load feedback pressure side 46 of the floating return spool 40. A similar pressure differential acts on floating pressure spool 50. Therefore, when the load or feedback pressure is greater than the pilot pressure, and the return spool 40 is displaced to open the return inlet and outlet ports 14 and 16, the pressure spool 50 is also forced against the spool stop 54, thereby closing the pressure inlet and outlet ports 14 and 16. Opening the return inlet and outlet ports 14 and 16 functions to allow fluid to flow out of the actuator 220 and the PCV, thereby reliving pressure within the system 100.
By dropping the pilot pressure below the load pressure or feedback pressure, thus causing the return inlet and outlet ports 14 and 16 to open, another unique aspect of the PCV 10 is realized. In this state, known as the slosh mode, the return fluid is able to shunt or slosh back and forth between the PCV 10 and the actuator 220, through the return of the PCV 10, and optionally the fluid reservoir in response to the movement of the load 250, and subsequently the actuator piston 240, as it is being acted upon by an external force. In the slosh mode, the load is allowed to move without any active driving input from the system. In other words, with the PCV 10 in the slosh mode, the load is capable of swinging freely or dangling without requiring active input to move the load in either direction, as is required in prior related systems. For example, with the pilot pressure reduced and the return spool 40 displaced to open the return inlet and outlet ports 14 and 16, the load is capable of moving under external influences, such as in response to gravity.
Another aspect of dangling made possible by the PCV placed in the slosh mode is the ability of the load to move in response to momentum induced within the load as it is being actively driven. For example, the load may be driven in short bursts by the quick and periodic input of pressurized fluid. Depending upon the mass of the load and the degree of active input into the actuator 220 (e.g., pressurized fluid) to drive the load, there may be a degree of momentum induced within the load once the supply of pressurized fluid is cut off. Unlike prior related systems where this momentum would be wasted, the present invention PCV is able to enter the slosh mode, which allows the load to utilize the induced momentum to displace an additional distance unaided by any active input. Once the momentum is exhausted and the load stops moving, the pilot pressure may be increased to deactivate the slosh mode (e.g., close the return inlet and outlet ports). The load may again be driven by raising the pilot pressure to exceed that of the load or feedback pressure, thus causing the pressure spool to displace to open the pressure inlet and outlet ports to again supply pressurized fluid to the system capable of driving the load.
The ability of the load to dangle or free swing as the PCV is in the slosh mode is advantageous in that significant energy savings are realized because the load can act under gravity or its own momentum to move, thus reducing the amount of power required to manipulate the load as desired. The slosh mode and its advantages will be especially significant to the field of robotics as various robotic systems can be made to mimic human movement much more closely and with less required power input.
The terms “slosh” or the phrase “slosh mode,” as used herein, shall be understood to mean or shall refer to the condition or state of the present invention PCV in which the pilot pressure is always less than the load or feedback pressure acting on the return and pressure spools, no matter the position of the load actuator piston or load pressure within the actuator, so as to actuate the return spool to open the return inlet and outlet ports, thus allowing fluid to shunt or slosh back and forth through the PCV, and particularly these opened ports, between the load actuator (or some other similar device upstream from the return inlet port) and a fluid reservoir or line downstream from the return outlet port. An example of this state is illustrated in
With reference to
Referring now to
In operation, the PCV 10 functions similar to the embodiments discussed above and illustrated in
FIGS. 6-a-6-c illustrate several examples of different types of limiting means that can be utilized within the PVC 10. FIG. 6-a illustrates a plurality of spool stops in the form of beads 54-a protruding from and annularly spaced around the inside wall surface of the interior cavity 60 of the valve body 12. FIG. 6-b illustrates at least one spool stop in the form of a nub 54-c protruding from and positioned at a proper location on the inside surface of the interior cavity 60 of the valve body 12. FIG. 6-c illustrates a spool stop in the form of a solid ring protruding from and annularly extending around the inside wall surface of the interior cavity 60 of the valve body 12. One skilled in the art will recognize other types of limiting means that can be used to control the displacement of the return and pressure spools described herein.
One of the features of this embodiment is the presence of a mechanical pilot system 300 that uses mechanical energy to supply a pilot force to the pilot pressure sides 42 and 52 of the return and pressure spools 40 and 50, respectively. As shown, mechanical pilot system 300 comprises a biasing member 304 that interacts with and provides a pilot force to the pilot pressure side 42 of the return spool 40. Likewise, the mechanical pilot pressure system 300 comprises a similar biasing member 308 that interacts with and applies a pilot force to the pilot pressure side 52 of the pressure spool 50. Both biasing members 304 and 308 preferably comprise the same stiffness ratio so as to supply equivalent forces to each of the return and pressure spools 40 and 50. Any type of force application system or device known in the art can be used to actuate the mechanical pilot system 300 to supply the pilot force to the return and pressure spools 40 and 50 and is therefore not discussed in detail herein.
In operation, if a pilot force is needed to overcome a given load or feedback pressure acting on the feedback pressure sides 46 and 56 of return and pressure spools 40 and 50, the system 300 is actuated to apply the needed pilot force. In this state, the pressure spool 50 is caused to displace, thus opening the pressure inlet and outlet ports 18 and 20 allowing the PCV 10 to function as discussed above. Due to the presence of spool stop 34, the return spool 40 does not displace, but instead remains in a closed position. The mechanical pilot system 300 is able to displace the pressure spool 50 while at the same time the return spool 40 is pushed against the spool stop 34 as a result of the biasing member 304 that partially compresses, thus allowing the mechanical pilot system 300 to displace enough to open the pressure inlet and outlet ports 18 and 20.
On the other hand, if a pilot pressure is needed to be less than a given load or feedback pressure, the system 300 is actuated accordingly. In this state, the system 300 is actuated to allow the return spool 40 to displace, thus opening return inlet and outlet ports 14 and 16. In some cases, the system 300 can be inactivated altogether, wherein the pressure spool 50 remains closed due to its contact with spool stop 54. Essentially, the system illustrated in
Another difference in this particular embodiment from that of
Still another difference is the existence of a fourth limiting means or spool stop 455 that limits the movement or displacement of spool 450.
The present invention PCV provides several advantages over prior related pressure control valves. First, the system focuses on the control and regulation of pressure instead of on the control and regulation of flow. Indeed, flow control is a secondary consideration of the present invention. Second, because the feedback system is intrinsic, the PCV is capable of allowing operation at significantly higher bandwidths without going unstable. Third, energy efficiency is greatly improved as a result of the PCV to enter a slosh mode. Fourth, the system is able to exhibit improved dynamic behavior due to its high control of loop torque. In other words, because of the configuration of the PCV, the system is able to achieve significantly improved high torque loop gain with stability. Fifth, the PCV allows the system to achieve high torque loop gain, while simultaneously providing for the ability to dangle. This is an improved or enhanced passive motion capability. Sixth, the PCV is able to operate at select times without using or diluting the primary pressurized fluid reserve. In other words, the PCV preserves the main pressure source by not disturbing that, but instead, dealing with the flow of fluids independent of this source. Seventh, the PCV provides the ability of the system to absorb high loads at high bandwidths, while remaining stable. Other advantages not specifically recited herein will be apparent to one skilled in the art. As such, those that are specifically recited herein should not be construed as limiting in any way.
In light of the foregoing, the present invention dual independent spool pressure control valve with its intrinsic feedback system and dynamic pressure regulation capabilities solves many of the problems found in classical or conventional servo systems.
With reference now to
The foregoing detailed description describes the invention with reference to specific exemplary embodiments. However, it will be appreciated that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention as set forth in the appended claims. The detailed description and accompanying drawings are to be regarded as merely illustrative, rather than as restrictive, and all such modifications or changes, if any, are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention as described and set forth herein.
More specifically, while illustrative exemplary embodiments of the invention have been described herein, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, but includes any and all embodiments having modifications, omissions, combinations (e.g., of aspects across various embodiments), adaptations and/or alterations as would be appreciated by those in the art based on the foregoing detailed description. The limitations in the claims are to be interpreted broadly based the language employed in the claims and not limited to examples described in the foregoing detailed description or during the prosecution of the application, which examples are to be construed as non-exclusive. For example, in the present disclosure, the term “preferably” is non-exclusive where it is intended to mean “preferably, but not limited to.” Any steps recited in any method or process claims may be executed in any order and are not limited to the order presented in the claims. Means-plus-function or step-plus-function limitations will only be employed where for a specific claim limitation all of the following conditions are present in that limitation: a) “means for” or “step for” is expressly recited; b) a corresponding function is expressly recited; and c) structure, material or acts that support that structure are not expressly recited, except in the specification. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be determined solely by the appended claims and their legal equivalents, rather than by the descriptions and examples given above.
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/633,001 filed Dec. 2, 2004 in the United States Patent and Trademark Office, and entitled, “Pressure Control Valve Having Intrinsic Feedback System,” which application is incorporated by reference in its entirety herein.
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