Patent Application
20210046678
The present invention relates to a pressure head, an apparatus for forming a composite material, and a method for forming a composite material.
Among materials having lightness in weight and high strength, a composite material in which reinforcing fibers are impregnated with resin has been known. The composite material is being used for airplanes, automobiles, ships, and the like. As a method for producing the composite material, a method has been known that laminates sheets formed of a composite material in which reinforcing fibers are impregnated with resin on one another, applies a magnetic field to the laminated sheets while pressing them, and heats them (refer to Patent Literature 1).
Patent Literature 1: Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2014-116293
The composite material has electric conductivity in the reinforcing fibers. Thus, the composite material has low electric conductivity except in a specific direction. When such a composite material is formed by the method of Patent Literature 1, there is a problem in that because of the low electric conductivity of the composite material, even when the magnetic field is applied to the entire composite material to heat it, temperature unevenness occurs in the composite material during heating. Given these circumstances, there is a problem in that the composite material obtained by reacting the resin by the method of Patent Literature 1 produces strength unevenness and thus does not achieve high quality.
The present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object thereof is to provide a pressure head, an apparatus for forming a composite material, and a method for forming a composite material reducing the occurrence of temperature unevenness in the composite material during heating.
To solve the problem described above and achieve the object, a pressure head is provided facing a magnetic field coil via a pre-reaction composite material. The magnetic field coil is provided on one side of the composite material, and the pressure head is provided on another side of the composite material. The pressure head includes a pressure head body and a high thermal conductive material layer. The pressure head body is formed of a material transparent to a magnetic field applied by the magnetic field coil. The high thermal conductive material layer is provided on a side of the pressure head body facing the composite material, is transparent to the magnetic field applied by the magnetic field coil, and is formed of a material having a thermal conductivity higher than that of the composite material.
With this configuration, the high thermal conductive material layer can distribute, in an in-plane direction, heat that has been generated inside the composite material, and thus the occurrence of temperature unevenness in the composite material during heating can be reduced. Thus, with this configuration, the occurrence of strength unevenness in the composite material obtained by reacting resin can be reduced, and thus a composite material with high quality can be obtained.
In this configuration, it is preferable that the material forming the high thermal conductive material layer contains any one of aluminum nitride, silicon nitride, sapphire, alumina, silicon carbide, and a sheet material containing a unidirectional material in which no eddy current occurs in accordance with the magnetic field applied by the magnetic field coil. With this configuration, the high thermal conductive material layer can quickly distribute, in the in-plane direction, the heat that has been generated inside the composite material and can thus further reduce the occurrence of temperature unevenness in the composite material during heating.
In this configuration, it is preferable to further include a heat generating material layer provided between the pressure head body and the high thermal conductive material layer, generating heat in accordance with the magnetic field applied by the magnetic field coil, and formed of a material having a heat capacity smaller than that of the composite material. Alternatively, it is preferable to further include a heat generating material layer provided on a side of the high thermal conductive material layer facing the composite material, generating heat in accordance with the magnetic field applied by the magnetic field coil, and formed of a material having a heat capacity smaller than that of the composite material. With these configurations, the heat generating material layer can generate heat in accordance with the magnetic field leaking to the pressure head side, which has been applied by the magnetic field coil but has not been used for generating the heat inside the composite material, and thus the composite material can be heated efficiently.
In the configuration including the heat generating material layer, it is preferable that the heat generating material layer is a metallic thin film. With this configuration, the heat generating material layer can generate heat more efficiently, and thus the composite material can be heated more efficiently.
In the configuration including the heat generating material layer, it is preferable to further include a heat insulating material layer provided on a side on which the pressure head body is present with respect to the high thermal conductive material layer and the heat generating material layer and formed of a material having a thermal conductivity lower than that of the pressure head body. With this configuration, the heat insulating material layer can reduce transmission of heat generated in the composite material and the heat generating material layer to the pressure head body, and thus the composite material can be heated even more efficiently.
In the configuration not including the heat generating material layer, it is preferable to further include a heat insulating material layer provided between the pressure head body and the high thermal conductive material layer and formed of a material having a thermal conductivity lower than that of the pressure head body. With this configuration, the heat insulating material layer can reduce transmission of the heat generated in the composite material to the pressure head body, and thus the composite material can be heated even more efficiently.
In the configuration including the heat generating material layer, it is preferable that the heat insulating material layer is a resin material. With this configuration, the heat insulating material layer can further reduce transmission of the heat generated in the composite material to the pressure head body, and thus the composite material can be heated even more efficiently.
To solve the problem described above and achieve the object, a pressure head is provided facing a metallic nanocoil placed on a pre-reaction composite material. The pressure head includes a pressure head body and a high thermal conductive material layer. The pressure head body is formed of a material transparent to an electric field applied to the metallic nanocoil. The high thermal conductive material layer is provided on a side of the pressure head body facing the composite material, is transparent to the electric field applied to the metallic nanocoil, and is formed of a material having a thermal conductivity higher than that of the composite material.
With this configuration, the high thermal conductive material layer can distribute, in the in-plane direction, heat that has been generated in the metallic nanocoils, and thus the occurrence of temperature unevenness in the composite material during heating can be reduced. Thus, with this configuration, the occurrence of strength unevenness in the composite material obtained by reacting resin can be reduced, and thus a composite material with high quality can be obtained.
To solve the problem described above and achieve the object, an apparatus for forming a composite material includes any one of the pressure heads described above, and a magnetic field coil applying a magnetic field to the composite material from one side of the composite material to heat the composite material.
With this configuration, the high thermal conductive material layer can distribute, in the in-plane direction, the heat that has been generated inside the composite material, and thus the occurrence of temperature unevenness in the composite material during heating can be reduced. Thus, with this configuration, the occurrence of strength unevenness in the composite material obtained by reacting resin can be reduced, and thus a composite material with high quality can be obtained.
To solve the problem described above and achieve the object, an apparatus for forming a composite material includes: the above-described pressure head provided facing the metallic nanocoil; a metallic nanocoil placed on the composite material; and an electric field application unit heating the composite material by applying an electric field to the composite material in a direction of longitudinal extent of the composite material and causing the metallic nanocoil to generate heat.
With this configuration, the high thermal conductive material layer can distribute, in the in-plane direction, the heat that has been generated in the metallic nanocoils, and thus the occurrence of temperature unevenness in the composite material during heating can be reduced. Thus, with this configuration, the occurrence of strength unevenness in the composite material obtained by reacting resin can be reduced, and thus a composite material with high quality can be obtained.
To solve the problem described above and achieve the object, a method for forming a composite material includes: a heating step of placing a magnetic field coil to be directed toward a pre-reaction composite material and applying a magnetic field from one side of the composite material to heat the composite material; and a pressing and thermally equalizing step of pressing the composite material from another side of the composite material using a pressure head, with a side of the pressure head on which a high thermal conductive material layer is provided directed toward the other side of the composite material, so as to press and thermally equalize the composite material.
With this configuration, the high thermal conductive material layer can distribute, in the in-plane direction, heat that has been generated inside the composite material, and thus the occurrence of temperature unevenness in the composite material during heating can be reduced. Thus, with this configuration, the occurrence of strength unevenness in the composite material obtained by reacting resin can be reduced, and thus a composite material with high quality can be obtained.
To solve the problem described above and achieve the object, a method for forming a composite material includes: a heating step of placing a metallic nanocoil on a pre-reaction composite material, placing an electric field application unit toward the composite material, applying an electric field to the composite material in a direction of longitudinal extent of the composite material, and causing the metallic nanocoil to generate heat to heat the composite material; and a pressing and thermally equalizing step of pressing the composite material from another side of the composite material using a pressure head, with a side of a pressure head on which a high thermal conductive material layer is provided directed toward the other side of the composite material, so as to press and thermally equalize the composite material.
With this configuration, the high thermal conductive material layer can distribute, in the in-plane direction, heat that has been generated in the metallic nanocoils, and thus the occurrence of temperature unevenness in the composite material during heating can be reduced. Thus, with this configuration, the occurrence of strength unevenness in the composite material obtained by reacting resin can be reduced, and thus a composite material with high quality can be obtained.
The present invention can provide a pressure head, an apparatus for forming a composite material, and a method for forming a composite material reducing the occurrence of temperature unevenness in a composite material during heating.
The following describes embodiments according to the present invention in detail based on the accompanying drawings. These embodiments do not limit this invention. Components in the embodiments include ones that can be replaced by those skilled in the art and are easy or substantially the same ones. Further, the components described below can be combined with each other as appropriate.
In the first embodiment, the composite material 2 is placed in a flat plate shape orthogonal to a direction along a Z direction in
The reinforcing fibers contained in the composite material 2 have electric conductivity and thus induce an eddy current inside the composite material 2 by a magnetic field 32 applied by the magnetic field coil 30 described below. The reinforcing fibers contained in the composite material 2 induce the eddy current thereinside and thereby generate heat 34 by the electric resistance of the reinforcing fibers themselves. That is to say, the composite material 2 generate the heat 34 thereinside in accordance with the magnetic field 32. The heat 34 generated by the reinforcing fibers contained in the composite material 2 is transmitted to the resin contained in the composite material 2 and contributes to the reaction of the resin.
The composite material 2 has lightness in weight and high strength. Examples of the reinforcing fibers contained in the composite material 2 in the first embodiment include carbon fibers, but not limited thereto. Other metallic fibers may be used. Examples of the resin contained in the composite material 2 in the first embodiment include a resin having an epoxy resin in the case of the thermosetting resin. When the resin contained in the composite material 2 has an epoxy resin, the composite material 2 has further lightness in weight and higher strength, which is preferred. Examples of the resin in the case of the thermosetting resin in the first embodiment include a polyester resin and vinyl ester resin. Examples of the resin in the case of the thermoplastic resin in the first embodiment include a polyamide resin, a polypropylene resin, an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) resin, polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyether ketone ketone (PEKK), and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS). However, the resin is not limited to these resins and may be another resin.
The flat stage 8 is formed of a material that is transparent to the magnetic field 32 applied by the magnetic field coil 30, that is, a material that induces almost no eddy current thereinside by the magnetic field 32 applied by the magnetic field coil 30 and causes almost no heat generation thereinside in accordance with the magnetic field 32 applied by the magnetic field coil 30. In the first embodiment, the material forming the flat stage 8 is preferably a PEEK resin or ceramic, which are materials transparent to the magnetic field 32 and are high in pressure resistance and heat resistance.
As illustrated in
As illustrated in
The pressure head body 22 is formed of a material transparent to the magnetic field 32 applied by the magnetic field coil 30. The material forming the pressure head body 22 is preferably a PEEK resin or ceramic, which are materials transparent to the magnetic field 32 and high in pressure resistance and heat resistance.
The pressure head body 22 is provided with a pressure cylinder (not illustrated) on the upper side in the vertical direction in
The high thermal conductive material layer 24 is provided so as to cover a face extending along the horizontal direction on the lower side in the vertical direction of the pressure head body 22 via the heat insulating material layer 28 and the heat generating material layer 26, on a side of the pressure head body 22 facing the certain area 4 of the composite material 2, that is, on the lower side in the vertical direction. The high thermal conductive material layer 24 is formed of a material that is transparent to the magnetic field 32 applied by the magnetic field coil 30 and has a thermal conductivity higher than that of the composite material 2.
The high thermal conductive material layer 24 has a thermal conductivity higher than that of the composite material 2 and can thus distribute, in an in-plane direction, the heat 34 that has been generated inside the composite material 2 and can thus form an entirely thermally equalized heated area 38 on the other side of the certain area 4 of the composite material 2. Thus, the high thermal conductive material layer 24 can reduce the occurrence of temperature unevenness in the composite material 2 during heating. Thus, the high thermal conductive material layer 24 can reduce the occurrence of strength unevenness in the composite material 2 obtained by reacting the resin and can thus contribute to obtaining the composite material 2 with high quality.
The high thermal conductive material layer 24 can transmit heat 36 described below that has been generated in the heat generating material layer 26 to the other side of the certain area 4 of the composite material 2 and cause the heat 36 to contribute to heating of the composite material 2. Thus, the high thermal conductive material layer 24 transmits the heat 36 to help efficiently heat the composite material 2.
The material forming the high thermal conductive material layer 24 is preferably a material having a thermal conductivity of 20 W/m·K or more and is more preferably a material having a thermal conductivity of 100 W/m·K or more. Specifically, the material forming the high thermal conductive material layer 24 is preferably aluminum nitride having a thermal conductivity of 150 W/m·K or more and 285 W/m·K or less, silicon nitride having a thermal conductivity of 27 W/m·K or more and 50 W/m·K or less, sapphire and alumina having a thermal conductivity of 30 W/m·K or more and 40 W/m·K or less, silicon carbide having a thermal conductivity of 200 W/m·K or more, or a sheet material containing carbon fibers, Tyranno fibers, or the like having a thermal conductivity of 20 W/m·K or more as a unidirectional material in which no eddy current occurs in accordance with the magnetic field 32 applied by the magnetic field coil 30.
The heat generating material layer 26 is provided between the pressure head body 22 and the high thermal conductive material layer 24. The heat generating material layer 26 is formed of a material that generates the heat 36 in accordance with the magnetic field 32 applied by the magnetic field coil 30 and has a heat capacity smaller than that of the composite material 2. The heat generating material layer 26 induces a weak eddy current thereinside by the magnetic field 32 leaking to the pressure head 20, which has been applied by the magnetic field coil 30 but has not been used for generating the heat 34 by the composite material 2 and, in addition, generates the heat 36 thereinside owing to the electric resistance of the heat generating material layer 26 itself. The heat generating material layer 26 has a heat capacity smaller than that of the composite material 2, that is, is sufficiently thin, thus induces a sufficiently weak eddy current thereinside in accordance with the magnetic field 32 applied by the magnetic field coil 30, thus prevents cancellation of the magnetic field 32 applied by the magnetic field coil 30 owing to an induced strong eddy current and thus does not hinder heating of the composite material 2. This helps efficiently heat the composite material 2 in accordance with the magnetic field 32 applied by the magnetic field coil 30.
The material forming the heat generating material layer 26 is preferably a metallic thin film and is specifically preferably aluminum foil with a thickness of 100 μm or less, more preferably aluminum foil with a thickness of 20 μm or less, and even more preferably aluminum foil with a thickness of 10 μm or more and 20 μm or less.
The heat insulating material layer 28 is provided between the pressure head body 22 and the heat generating material layer 26. That is to say, the heat insulating material layer 28 is provided on a side on which the pressure head body 22 is present with respect to the high thermal conductive material layer 24 and the heat generating material layer 26. The heat insulating material layer 28 is formed of a material having a thermal conductivity lower than that of the pressure head body 22. The material forming the heat insulating material layer 28 is specifically preferably a resin material. The heat insulating material layer 28 reduces transmission of the heat 34 that has been generated in the reinforcing fibers contained in the composite material 2 and the heat 36 that has been generated in the heat generating material layer 26 to the pressure head body 22 to help the heat 34 and the heat 36 efficiently contribute to heating of the composite material 2. Thus, the heat insulating material layer 28 helps efficiently heat the composite material 2.
As illustrated in
In the first embodiment, by way of example, one coil is placed as the magnetic field coil 30. Alternatively, a plurality of coils may be arranged in a certain shape, or in a square shape, for example. The magnetic field coil 30 applies the magnetic field 32 to an area equivalent to an area in the horizontal direction in which the coil is placed. In the first embodiment, the area to which the magnetic field coil 30 applies the magnetic field 32 corresponds to the certain area 4 of the composite material 2.
The coil contained in the magnetic field coil 30 is directed to a direction in which a central axis of the coil crosses a face in which the composite material 2 extends. The magnetic field coil 30 generates the magnetic field 32 along a direction crossing the face in which the composite material 2 extends to generate the magnetic field 32 along a direction crossing a direction in which the reinforcing fibers contained in the composite material 2 extend. The magnetic field coil 30 is placed such that an end on the upper side in the vertical direction of the magnetic field coil 30 is spaced apart from a face on the one side of the composite material 2 by a certain distance. This certain distance is, for example, 1.5 cm.
The coil contained in the magnetic field coil 30 is preferably directed to a direction in which the central axis of the coil is along the vertical direction. In this case, the magnetic field coil 30 generates the magnetic field 32 along a direction orthogonal to the face in which the composite material 2 extends to generate the magnetic field 32 along a direction orthogonal to the direction in which the reinforcing fibers contained in the composite material 2 extend. The magnetic field 32 along the direction orthogonal to the direction in which the reinforcing fibers of the composite material 2 extend is applied, whereby the reinforcing fibers contained in the composite material 2 efficiently induce an eddy current and can thus efficiently produce the heat generation 34. Thus, the magnetic field coil 30 can efficiently heat the certain area 4 of the composite material 2.
The magnetic field coil 30 is electrically connected with the controller 40. The magnetic field coil 30 is controlled by the controller 40 and can thereby change the magnitude, frequency, and the like of the magnetic field 32 applied toward the upper side in the vertical direction to the composite material 2. The magnetic field coil 30 preferably applies a high-frequency magnetic field with 900 kHz or more to the certain area 4 of the composite material 2.
The controller 40 is electrically connected with the pressure cylinder provided in the pressure head body 22. The controller 40 is electrically connected with the magnetic field coil 30. The controller 40 controls the pressure cylinder to control the pressure head 20 and can thereby control a relative position with respect to the composite material 2 in the vertical direction of the pressure head 20, pressure applied toward the lower side in the vertical direction to the composite material 2, and the like. The controller 40 controls a current flowing through the magnetic field coil 30, can thereby control the magnitude and frequency of the magnetic field 32 applied by the magnetic field coil 30, and can thereby control heating temperature, temperature rising rate, and heating time heating the composite material 2 in accordance with a specific resin composition of the composite material 2 and the like.
The controller 40 includes a storage unit and a processing unit. For example, the storage unit has storage devices such as a random access memory (RAM), a read only memory (ROM), and a flash memory and stores therein software programs to be processed by the processing unit, data referred to by the software programs, and the like. The storage unit also functions as a storage area in which the processing unit temporarily stores a processing result and the like. The processing unit reads the software programs and the like from the storage unit and processes them to exhibit functions corresponding to the contents of the software programs, or specifically various functions enabling execution of the method for forming a composite material executed by the apparatus 10 for forming a composite material.
The apparatus 10 for forming a composite material may be provided with a moving mechanism (not illustrated) changing a position in the horizontal direction of the pressure head 20 relative to the composite material 2 and a position in the horizontal direction of the magnetic field coil 30 relative to the composite material 2 in a synchronized manner. This moving mechanism is controlled by the controller 40 and can move the certain area 4 as an area to be pressed by the pressure head 20 and an area to which the magnetic field 32 is applied by the magnetic field coil 30 in the composite material 2 during forming processing by the apparatus 10 for forming a composite material. The controller 40 can determine at any time to which area of the composite material 2 the certain area 4 has moved.
The following describes the function or behavior of the apparatus 10 for forming a composite material according to the first embodiment having the above configuration.
First, a preparation step before entering the heating step S12 and the pressing and thermally equalizing step S14 is performed. The preparation step is a step of placing the composite material 2 before reaction in which the reinforcing fibers are impregnated with the resin before reaction in a flat plate shape extending along the horizontal direction on the upper side in the vertical direction of the flat stage 8.
The heating step S12 is performed after the preparation step. At the heating step S12, first, the controller 40 causes the magnetic field coil 30 to be moved to and placed at a position facing the one side of the certain area 4 of the composite material 2 placed on the flat stage 8 in the vertical direction toward the certain area 4 of the composite material 2. At the heating step S12, next, the controller 40 causes current to flow through the magnetic field coil 30 to apply the magnetic field 32 from the one side of the composite material 2 by the magnetic field coil 30 and to heat the certain area 4 of the composite material 2.
At the heating step S12, the components other than the composite material 2 and the heat generating material layer 26, i.e., the flat stage 8, the pressure head body 22, the high thermal conductive material layer 24, and the heat insulating material layer 28, are all transparent to the magnetic field 32 applied by the magnetic field coil 30, thus induce almost no eddy current thereinside by the magnetic field 32, and thus generate almost no heat thereinside in accordance with the magnetic field 32.
At the heating step S12, in the composite material 2, the reinforcing fibers present in the certain area 4 of the composite material 2 induce an eddy current thereinside by the magnetic field 32, and further generate the heat 34 thereinside owing to the electric resistance of the reinforcing fibers themselves. Thus, this heat 34 is transmitted to the resin, whereby the composite material 2 is heated, and the resin is reacted.
At the heating step S12, in addition, the heat generating material layer 26 induces a weak eddy current thereinside by the magnetic field 32, and further generates the heat 36 thereinside owing to the electric resistance of the heat generating material layer 26 itself. Thus, this heat 36 is transmitted to the resin, whereby the composite material 2 is helped to be heated, and the resin is helped to be reacted.
The pressing and thermally equalizing step S14 is performed after the preparation step and in parallel with the heating step S12. At the pressing and thermally equalizing step S14, first, the controller 40 causes the pressure head 20 to be moved to a position facing the other side of the composite material 2 placed on the flat stage 8 in the vertical direction to direct a side of the pressure head 20 on which the high thermal conductive material layer 24 is provided to the certain area 4 of the composite material 2. At the pressing and thermally equalizing step S14, next, the controller 40 performs control such that the certain area 4 of the composite material 2 is pressed from the other side while pressing the side of the pressure head 20 on which the high thermal conductive material layer 24 is provided against the other side of the certain area 4 of the composite material 2.
At the pressing and thermally equalizing step S14, the side of the pressure head 20 on which the high thermal conductive material layer 24 is provided is pressed against the certain area 4 of the composite material 2, and thus the heat 34 that has been sparsely generated in the certain area 4 of the composite material 2 at the heating step S12 is transmitted to the high thermal conductive material layer 24. The high thermal conductive material layer 24 has a thermal conductivity higher than that of the composite material 2 and thus distributes the heat 34 in the in-pane direction to form the entirely thermally equalized heated area 38 on the other side of the certain area 4 of the composite material 2. Thus, the high thermal conductive material layer 24 can reduce the occurrence of temperature unevenness in the composite material 2 during heating. Thus, the high thermal conductive material layer 24 can reduce the occurrence of strength unevenness in the composite material 2 obtained by reacting the resin and can thus contribute to obtaining the composite material 2 with high quality.
At the pressing and thermally equalizing step S14, in addition, the heat 36 that has been generated in the heat generating material layer 26 is transmitted to the high thermal conductive material layer 24. Thus, the high thermal conductive material layer 24 can raise the temperature of the entirely thermally equalized heated area 38 by the heat 36. Thus, the high thermal conductive material layer 24 transmits the heat generation 36 to help efficiently heat the composite material 2.
As illustrated in
The pressure head 20, the apparatus 10 for forming a composite material, and the method for forming a composite material by the apparatus 10 for forming a composite material have the above configurations, thus the high thermal conductive material layer 24 can distribute, in the in-plane direction, the heat 34 that has been generated inside the composite material 2, and thus the occurrence of temperature unevenness in the composite material 2 during heating can be reduced. Thus, the pressure head 20, the apparatus 10 for forming a composite material, and the method for forming a composite material by the apparatus 10 for forming a composite material can reduce the occurrence of strength unevenness in the composite material 2 obtained by reacting resin and can thus obtain the composite material 2 with high quality.
In the pressure head 20, the apparatus 10 for forming a composite material, and the method for forming a composite material by the apparatus 10 for forming a composite material, the material forming the high thermal conductive material layer 24 contains any one of aluminum nitride, silicon nitride, sapphire, alumina, silicon carbide, and the sheet material containing a unidirectional material in which no eddy current occurs by the magnetic field 32 applied by the magnetic field coil 30. Thus, in the pressure head 20, the apparatus 10 for forming a composite material, and the method for forming a composite material by the apparatus 10 for forming a composite material, the high thermal conductive material layer 24 can quickly distribute, in the in-plane direction, the heat 34 that has been generated inside the composite material 2, thus further reducing the occurrence of temperature unevenness in the composite material 2 during heating.
In the pressure head 20, the apparatus 10 for forming a composite material, and the method for forming a composite material by the apparatus 10 for forming a composite material further include the heat generating material layer 26 provided between the pressure head body 22 and the high thermal conductive material layer 24, generating heat in accordance with the magnetic field 32 applied by the magnetic field coil 30, and formed of a material having a heat capacity smaller than that of the composite material 2 in heat capacity. Thus, the heat generating material layer 26 can generate the heat 36 in accordance with the magnetic field 32 leaking to the pressure head 20, which has been applied by the magnetic field coil 30 but has not been used for generating the heat 34 by the composite material 2, thus heating the composite material 2 efficiently.
In the pressure head 20, the apparatus 10 for forming a composite material, and the method for forming a composite material by the apparatus 10 for forming a composite material, the heat generating material layer 26 is a metallic thin film. Thus, in the pressure head 20, the apparatus 10 for forming a composite material, and the method for forming a composite material by the apparatus 10 for forming a composite material, the heat generating material layer 26 can generate heat more efficiently, thus heating the composite material 2 more efficiently.
The pressure head 20, the apparatus 10 for forming a composite material, and the method for forming a composite material by the apparatus 10 for forming a composite material further include the heat insulating material layer 28 provided between the pressure head body 22 and the heat generating material layer 26 and formed of the material having a thermal conductivity lower than that of the pressure head body 22. Thus, in the pressure head 20, the apparatus 10 for forming a composite material, and the method for forming a composite material by the apparatus 10 for forming a composite material, the heat insulating material layer 28 can reduce transmission of the heat 34 and 36 generated in the composite material 2 and the heat generating material layer 26, respectively, toward the pressure head body 22, thus heating the composite material 2 even more efficiently.
In the pressure head 20, the apparatus 10 for forming a composite material, and the method for forming a composite material by the apparatus 10 for forming a composite material, the heat insulating material layer 28 is a resin material. Thus, in the pressure head 20, the apparatus 10 for forming a composite material, and the method for forming a composite material by the apparatus 10 for forming a composite material, the heat insulating material layer 28 can further reduce transmission of the heat 34 and 36 generated in the composite material 2 and the heat generating material layer 26, respectively, toward the pressure head body 22, thus heating the composite material 2 even more efficiently.
As illustrated in
The following describes the function or behavior of the apparatus 50 for forming a composite material according to the second embodiment having the above configuration. A method for forming a composite material according to the second embodiment as a method of processing executed by the apparatus 50 for forming a composite material according to the second embodiment has a configuration in which the part producing the heat 36 by the heat generating material layer 26 is omitted at the heating step S12 of the method for forming a composite material according to the first embodiment as the method of processing executed by the apparatus 10 for forming a composite material according to the first embodiment. The method for forming a composite material according to the second embodiment is similar to the method for forming a composite material according to the first embodiment for the rest of the configuration.
The pressure head 60, the apparatus 50 for forming a composite material, and the method for forming a composite material by the apparatus 50 for forming a composite material have the above configurations and thus provide effects similar to those of the pressure head 20, the apparatus 10 for forming a composite material, and the method for forming a composite material by the apparatus 10 for forming a composite material except for the effect caused by the heat generating material layer 26.
As illustrated in
The metallic nanocoils applied to the metallic nanocoil sheet 80 increase in the amount of molecular motion by the electric field 92 applied by the electric field application unit 90 in an axial direction of the metallic nanocoils to induce heat 94 inside the metallic nanocoils. In contrast, the composite material 2 does not generate any heat even when the electric field 92 is applied. Thus, the metallic nanocoil sheet 80 is placed on the other side of the certain area 4 of the composite material 2, whereby the certain area 4 of the composite material 2 can be made to a state that can selectively be heated by the electric field 92 applied by the electric field application unit 90 along a direction in which the certain area 4 of the composite material 2 extends. The metallic nanocoils have a diameter of about 100 μm. The diameter of metallic wires forming the metallic nanocoils is about 90 nm. As to a placement of the metallic nanocoils, the placement of the metallic nanocoil sheet 80 is exemplified in the third embodiment, but this is not limited thereto. The metallic nanocoils may be applied to the other side of the certain area 4 of the composite material 2 or may be contained inside the certain area 4 of the composite material 2 in advance.
The pressure head 60 and the metallic nanocoil sheet 80 are separately provided in the third embodiment, but not limited thereto. The pressure head 60 and the metallic nanocoil sheet 80 may be integrated with each other.
As illustrated in
The following describes the function or behavior of the apparatus 70 for forming a composite material according to the third embodiment having the above configuration. A method for forming a composite material according to the third embodiment as a method of processing executed by the apparatus 70 for forming a composite material according to the third embodiment includes the heating step S12 and the pressing and thermally equalizing step S14 that are different from those of the method for forming a composite material according to the second embodiment, as follows. The heating step S12 according to the second embodiment includes directly heating the composite material 2 by applying the magnetic field 32 by the magnetic field coil 30, whereas the heating step S12 according to the third embodiment includes indirectly heating the composite material 2 via the metallic nanocoil sheet 80 by applying the electric field 92 by the electric field application unit 90. The pressing and thermally equalizing step S14 according to the third embodiment is different from the pressing and thermally equalizing step S14 according to the second embodiment and is changed in accordance with the heating step S12 according to the third embodiment. The method for forming a composite material according to the third embodiment is similar to the method for forming a composite material according to the second embodiment for the rest of the configuration.
Specifically, in the method for forming a composite material according to the third embodiment, at the heating step S12, first, the metallic nanocoil sheet 80 is placed on the other side of the certain area 4 of the composite material 2, and the controller 100 causes the electric field application unit 90 to be moved to and placed at a position directed to the direction in which the certain area 4 of the composite material 2 placed on the flat stage 8 extends toward the certain area 4 of the composite material 2. At the heating step S12, next, the controller 100 causes voltage to be applied to the electric field application unit 90 to apply the electric field 92 along the direction in which the certain area 4 of the composite material 2 extends by the electric field application unit 90 and to heat the certain area 4 of the composite material 2.
At the heating step S12, the metallic nanocoil sheet 80 increases in the amount of molecular motion by application of the electric field 92 to induce the heat 94 inside the metallic nanocoils contained in the metallic nanocoil sheet 80. The heat 94 that has been generated inside the metallic nanocoil sheet 80 transmits to the certain area 4 of the composite material 2. Thus, this heat 94 is transmitted to the resin, whereby the composite material 2 is heated, and the resin is reacted.
At the pressing and thermally equalizing step S14, the heat 94 that has been generated inside the metallic nanocoil sheet 80 transmits to the high thermal conductive material layer 24 adjacent to the metallic nanocoil sheet 80, distributes in the in-plane direction by the high thermal conductive material layer 24, and forms an entirely thermally equalized heated area 98 on the other side of the certain area 4 of the composite material 2.
The pressure head 60, the apparatus 70 for forming a composite material, and the method for forming a composite material by the apparatus 70 for forming a composite material according to the third embodiment have the above configurations and thus provide effects similar to those of the pressure head 60, the apparatus 50 for forming a composite material, and the method for forming a composite material by the apparatus 50 for forming a composite material according to the second embodiment.
The pressure head 60 and the apparatus 70 for forming a composite material according to the third embodiment may further be provided with the heat generating material layer 26 similar to that of the pressure head 20 and the apparatus 10 for forming a composite material according to the first embodiment. However, in this case, as the heat generating material layer 26, not the metallic thin film exemplified in the first embodiment, but another material generating heat by application of the electric field 92 by the electric field application unit 90 is used. In this case, the pressure head 60, the apparatus 70 for forming a composite material, and the method for forming a composite material by the apparatus 70 for forming a composite material according to the third embodiment provide effects similar to those caused by the heat generating material layer 26 in the pressure head 20, the apparatus 10 for forming a composite material, and the method for forming a composite material by the apparatus 10 for forming a composite material.
In the pressure head 60 and the apparatus 70 for forming a composite material according to the third embodiment, the electric field application unit 90 may be changed to the magnetic field coil 30 similar to that of the pressure head 20 and the apparatus 10 for forming a composite material according to the first embodiment. In this case, the metallic nanocoils contained in the metallic nanocoil sheet 80 induce a sufficient eddy current thereinside by a magnetic field smaller than the magnetic field 32 applied by the magnetic field coil 30 in the first embodiment and thereby generate the heat 94 in sufficient magnitude thereinside. Thus, the pressure head 60 and the apparatus 70 for forming a composite material according to the third embodiment can make the magnetic field 32 applied by the magnetic field coil 30 smaller than that of the pressure head 20 and the apparatus 10 for forming a composite material according to the first embodiment. Also in this case, the pressure head 60, the apparatus 70 for forming a composite material, and the method for forming a composite material by the apparatus 70 for forming a composite material according to the third embodiment provide effects similar to those of the pressure head 20, the apparatus 10 for forming a composite material, and the method for forming a composite material by the apparatus 10 for forming a composite material according to the first embodiment for the rest thereof.
As illustrated in
The function or behavior of the apparatus 10′ for forming a composite material according to the fourth embodiment having the above configuration is nearly similar to the function or behavior of the apparatus 10 for forming a composite material according to the first embodiment. That is to say, a method for forming a composite material according to a fourth embodiment as a method of processing executed by the apparatus 10′ for forming a composite material according to the fourth embodiment is nearly similar to the method for forming a composite material according to the first embodiment as the method of processing executed by the apparatus 10 for forming a composite material according to the first embodiment.
The pressure head 20 of the apparatus 10′ for forming a composite material, the apparatus 10′ for forming a composite material, and the method for forming a composite material by the apparatus 10′ for forming a composite material have the above configurations and thus provide effects similar to those of the pressure head 20 of the apparatus 10 for forming a composite material, the apparatus 10 for forming a composite material, and the method for forming a composite material by the apparatus 10 for forming a composite material.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2018-015618 | Jan 2018 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2018/045303 | 12/10/2018 | WO | 00 |
