The present disclosure relates to pressure limiting the hydraulic circuits, and more particularly to controlling the pilot signal pressure of the compensator.
This disclosure relates generally to hydraulic systems, and more particularly, but not exclusively, this disclosure relates to a method and system to control the flow and pressure in a hydraulic system.
With the advancement in the field of hydraulics, there has been an interest in development of a hydraulic system capable of performing a plurality of functions efficiently. One of the basic functions is too regulate the pressure and flow of the fluid passing through the hydraulic system. It is relatively common requirement, for hydraulic post compensated implement systems, to limit work port pressure to a value below the maximum system pressure. This requirement is typically met by adding work port relief valves, however the work port relief valves result in high flow losses and therefore reduces the efficiency. In another method, pre-pressure compensated circuits can also be used in a similar method to limit pressure. While various hydraulic compensators have been developed, there is still room for improvement. Thus, a need persists for further contributions in this area of technology.
This disclosure provides for removing the work port relief valves used in the prior art to control the pressure. The pressure is limited in a particular circuit by controlling and closing the compensator when the desired pressure setting is achieved. As the compensator closes flow will be reduced in the circuit resulting in improved efficiency. One illustrated embodiment of the disclosure provides a relief valve in the pilot signal for a compensator. The method relates to limiting the pressure on the open side of the compensator, such that the pressure on the other side closes the compensator thereby limiting the pressure and also flow in the hydraulic circuit. In other words, the pressure on the open side is limited by the relief valve. Thus, the pressure on the other side increases thereby regulating the flow and pressure through the compensator. In another embodiment of the disclosure, instead of reducing the pressure on the open side, the pressure on the closed side is increased, thereby controlling the flow and pressure of the hydraulic circuit. The pressure can be increased by a pump or any other suitable source of external pressure.
A compensated hydraulic system 100 according to one illustrative embodiment of the current disclosure is shown in
The control spool 14 can control the direction of the fluid to direct the hydraulic fluid to expand or retract the cylinder piston arrangement 18. Further, the compensator 16 is provided to maintain a constant pressure drop across the control spool 14.
Further, the hydraulic system 100 can include a supply line 20 connecting the control spool 14 with an inlet 16c of the pressure compensator 16 through a load drop check valve 22. The load drop check valve 22 prevents the backflow of fluid to the control spool 14 when the pump 12 is not functioning. The inlet 16c is connected to the supply line 20 from the pump 12.
The hydraulic system 100 further includes a first signal line 24 and a second signal line 26. The first signal line 24 is located upstream of control spool 14. The first signal line 24 provides the fluid pressure head, and allows the hydraulic fluid to bias the spool member (not shown) of the control spool 14 through the closed end 16b of compensator 16. The first signal line 24 on the closed side 16b tends to close the compensator 16. The first signal 24 act in the same direction of the compensator spring 28 tending to close the compensator 16.
The second signal line 26 is connected with the open end 16a of the compensator 16 and allows flow of fluid, to bias the pressure compensator 16 in the opposite direction of compensator spring 28 and the first signal line 24. The second signal line 26 is located on the open side 16a of the compensator and tends to open the compensator 16. The second signal line 26 works opposite to the force of the first signal line 24 on the closed end 16b and the compensator spring 28.
Further, the hydraulic system 100 includes a regulating valve 30. In this embodiment, the regulating valve 30 is essentially a pressure relief valve. The pressure relief valve 30 is arranged at the open side 16a of the compensator 16 in the second signal line 26. Thus, the relief valve 30 is arranged on the pilot passage 26 which is tending to open the compensator.
Accordingly, an increase in the pressure in the second signal line 26, in the open side 16a of the compensator 16, is limited to pressure value set by relief valve 30. Consequently, the pressure tending to open the compensator 16 is limited to a desired pressure value set through the relief valve 30. Thus limiting the pressure on the open side 16a, relatively causes the pressure from the first signal line 24 and the compensator spring 28 to increase and close the compensator 16. This leads to controlling of both the pressure and the flow of the hydraulic fluid in the circuit 100 when the pressure in the signal line 26 increases beyond the set threshold value of the relief valve 30.
To provide a better understanding, consider the scenario, where the pump 12 is provided with a pump inlet line 32 leading to the control spool 14. The pressure from the pump 12 is passed to the compensator 16 from the control spool 14, and the supply line 20. Further, the system is shown to include a check valve 34 which is connected to the actuator 18. The check valve 34 acts as a sensor for determining the load condition of the actuator 18 during expansion or retraction.
Downstream the control spool 14, the supply line 20 is subjected to the relief valve 30 through the second signal line 26. Pressure in the supply line 20 tends to open the compensator thereby allowing flow of hydraulic fluid through the control spool 14. The pressure line 20 is subjected to the relief valve 30, which operates beyond a set pressure threshold. Thus, when the pressure exceeds the desired pressure value or the set pressure threshold of the relief valve 30, the relief valve 30 opens and drains the hydraulic fluid to a reservoir/tank. This results in decrease in the pressure of the hydraulic fluid on the open side 16a of the compensator 16. Thereby, relatively increasing the pressure from the first signal line 24 and the compensator spring 28 and allowing the combined force of the spring 28 and the pressure from the first signal line 24 on the closed side 16b to close the compensator 16.
Therefore, such arrangement results in pressure limiting and leads to control of pressure head and the flow of the hydraulic fluid without affecting the other function of the hydraulic system 100. In other words, the system is more efficient as it provides the pre-compensated control of the pressure and the flow to the cylinder piston arrangement 18.
The control valve 202 has an open side 202a and closed side 202b. The open side 202a is subjected to a pressure tending to open the flow through the control valve 202 from pressure source 204, whereas the closed side 202b is subjected to a spring pressure tending to close the flow from pressure source 204 through the control valve 202. The control valve 202 is connected to direct the fluid from the external source 204 towards the closed end 16d of the compensator 16. In other words, the control valve 202 causes the pressure from the pressure source 204 to act in the same direction of the compensator spring 28. Further, the control valve 202 includes a control spring 206, which is tending to close the control valve 202. It is to be noted that the external pump can be any suitable pressure source 204.
Furthermore, the control valve 202 is operated based on the signal from the signal line 208 and 210. The signal line 208 and 210 are connected to the opens side 202a of the control valve 202. The signal lines 208 and 210 are connected through a check valve arrangement 212. The signal line 208 and 210 senses the fluid pressure in the piston cylinder arrangement 18 during expansion and retraction, respectively. The signal line 208 and 210 signals the increase in pressure on the work side of the piston cylinder arrangement 18 to the open side 202a of the control valve 202, through the check valve 212.
In the current arrangement, the signal from the signal line 208 or 210 during expansion or retraction is passed to the open side 202a of the control valve 202. The pressure signal from the signal line 208 or 210 tends to open the control valve 202 against the force of the control spring 206. Thereby, connecting the pressure from the pressure source 204 with the closed side 16d of the compensator 16. The increase in pressure on the closed side 16d leads to closing of the compensator thereby controlling the pressure and flow of hydraulic fluid through the control spool 14. Consequently, the pressure in the cylinder piston arrangement 18 is reduced and controlled. Vice-versa, any decrease in the pressure in the pressure signal line 208 or 210 causes the closing of the control valve 202, thereby disconnecting the pressure source 204 with the closed side 16d of the compensator 16. This leads to relative decrease in pressure on the closed side 16d of the compensator and hence the pressure on the open side 16a of the compensator opens the compensator and increase the flow through the control spool 14.
Thus as compared to
To summarize, first embodiment as described in
It is to be noted the hydraulic system 100 or hydraulic system 200 as described above can be used in any hydraulic circuit, such as circuits in hydraulic machine, loader, tractors, backhoe loaders, wheel loader, mine trucks, and the like.
Industrial Applicability
The hydraulic system 100 described above provides for improvement in capability of pressure limiting a hydraulic circuit without significant losses. The system 100 provides for utilizing the compensator 16 to pressure limit and at the same time minimizing the flow losses. The disclosed hydraulic system 100 includes a regulating valve 30. The regulating valve 30 is configured to pressure limit the hydraulic system 100 by controlling the pilot signal which is tending to open the compensator 16. For a better understanding, consider a scenario, where the system 100 is supplied with high pressure hydraulic fluid from the pump 12. High hydraulic pressure, beyond the safety limits, can cause damage to the hydraulic machinery, such as it may cause damage to the seals and piston rings in the actuators 18. Thus, it is mandatory to limit the maximum hydraulic pressure in the system 100. The disclosed system 100 provides for controlling the opening aperture of the compensator 16 as compared to releasing the extra pressure through a relief valve. Thus, in any hydraulic system, the energy generated from the pump 12 is not wasted by releasing the pressure through the relief valve, but the energy is controlled by controlling the compensator 16.
As described above, a relief valve 30 is hydraulically connected to the pilot signal line 20 of the compensator 16. The pilot signal which is tending to open the compensator is subjected to the regulating valve 30. The regulating valve 30 is configured to relieve the additional pressure beyond a set limit. Thus, the regulating valve 30 regulates the pressure in the pilot signal line 20. Therefore, when the pressure in the hydraulic circuit increases beyond a safety limit, the regulating valve 30 opens and reduces the pressure on signal line tending to open the compensator 16, which in turn allows the pressure 24 and the spring force 28 tending to close the compensator to close the compensatory. Hence, the flow rate and the pressure through the compensator is controlled and the pressure in the hydraulic system 100 is controlled. Such system provides for controlling the pressure from the pump instead of wasting the work done by the pump 12 through a safety release valve.
In an alternate embodiment, to achieve the same objective, instead of reducing the pressure on the side tending to open the compensator, the pressure on the side tending to close the compensator is boosted. As described above, it is required to maintain a safety limit of the pressure in the hydraulic circuit. In this embodiment, an additional pressure source 204 is provided in the system 200. The pressure source can be any suitable source already present in the system 200. The pressure source 204 is connected through a control valve 202. The control valve on one side is connected with the pressure line for expanding and contracting the actuators 18. On the other side the control valve 202 is biased by the spring 206. Any increase in pressure beyond a set limit on the side of pressure line is sensed and is transmitted to the control valve 202. Thus the control valve 202 connects the pressure source 204 to the side 16d of the compensator 16. The pressure from the pressure source 204 together with the spring force 28 closes the compensator, thereby reducing the flow rate and pressure of hydraulic fluid through the spool 14. In an alternate embodiment, the control valve 202 can be controlled electronically by using strain gauges and other suitable pressure sensors.
In summary, the hydraulic system 100 is disclosed for automatically pressure limiting any hydraulic circuit without energy loss from the pump and minimal flow losses. The system 100 is configured to control both the flow rate and pressure through the compensator 16 by controlling the opening and closing of the compensator 16 by sensing the pressure in the actuation line.
Aspects of this disclosure may be applied to any hydraulic circuit, specifically in hydraulically circuits drawing power driven by engines, as increase in engine speed can speed the pump thereby resulting in continuous fluctuation in the pressure. Aspects of this disclosure may also be applied to hydraulic system in machines such as excavators, track type tractors, backhoe loaders, wheel loaders, pipe layers, compactors, and trucks. Although the embodiments of this disclosure as described herein may be incorporated without departing from the scope of the following claims, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope being indicated by the following claims and their equivalents.
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Number | Date | Country | |
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20120285158 A1 | Nov 2012 | US |