The present patent application is a continuation-in-part patent application and claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/147,702, filed Jan. 27, 2009, entitled “Pressure-Regulating Gas Block,” and to PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US2010/022293, filed Jan. 27, 2010, entitled “Pressure-Regulated Gas Block,” both invented by Bernard T. Windauer, and the disclosures of both being incorporated by reference herein.
Military and tactical operations require various ammunition types and various types of semi-automatic and fully automatic firearms. The firearms are also used in both normal and silenced modes of operation. The various types of ammunition develop a wide range of gas pressures when the gunpowder burns. When silencers (sound suppressors) are used, they create a back pressure within the operating system of the firearm. The ambient temperatures in which the firearms are used also create a variation in the pressures within the firearm as the firearm is operated. Given all the conditions that cause variations in the pressures within the firearm, there are a seemingly infinite number of pressure variations that can occur. When a firearm is designed, the average working conditions are determined in view of expected variations in pressure within the firearm and stresses and construction material strengths calculated.
When a firearm is used in a semi-automatic mode without a silencer or in an automatic mode without a silencer, the speed of operation (cyclic rate) of the firearm is not a factor considered to affect a soldier's safety although the sound signature is considered to be a significant factor that adversely affect a soldier's safety due to alerting the enemy to the soldier's position. When a firearm is are used in the semi-automatic mode with a silencer, the cyclic rate of the firearm operation is not considered to be a significant factor that adversely affects the soldier's safety because the firearm only fires once per trigger squeeze, however, the sound signature could be a critical (i.e., life and death) factor depending on the ambient conditions. When a firearm is used in the fully-automatic mode with a silencer, the cyclic rate of the firearm operation and the sound signature could be a critical (i.e., life and death) factor to the soldier's safety depending on ambient conditions. A problem that has existed since the advent of gas-operated firearms that are used with silencers has been the increase in cyclic rate due to the increased backpressure created by the silencer installed on the end of the barrel. The cyclic rate increase due to the additional back pressure adds additional stresses to the firearm beyond the designed average working conditions causing material failures and ammunition-loading failures as well as an increased sound signature, both of which may compromise the safety of a soldier using the firearm.
Another problem that exists is the increase in cyclic rate of the firearm used in the semi-automatic and fully-automatic modes, which occurs when the ammunition type changes for a given firearm. Different ammunition types develop different operating pressures. Firearm operating temperatures based on duration of operation and ambient temperatures also affect operating temperatures. A difference in operating pressure above the pressure for which the firearm was designed increases in cyclic rate of the firearm, which causes excessive stresses on the operating parts of the firearm, and may cause breakage of the operating parts and/or ammunition-loading failures. The problems caused by greater-than-design pressures and/or increase in cyclic rate and sound signature (when used with a silencer) can result in creating a life and death situation for a soldier and/or the soldier's team members.
The subject matter disclosed herein is illustrated by way of example and not by limitation in the accompanying figures in which like reference numerals indicate similar elements and in which:
It should be understood that the word “exemplary,” as used herein, means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any embodiment described herein as “exemplary” is not to be construed as necessarily preferred or advantageous over other embodiments.
The first exemplary embodiment of PRFGB 100 depicted in
When bullet 104 passes a first gas port 106 (
Once the rearward movement of the operating rod 102 reaches its physically limited movement (
The specific location of relief port 109 is dependent on design parameters for operator safety based on a visual signature (i.e., flame release) and/or a sound signature (i.e., pop sound of released high-pressure gas) during operation. In a situation in which venting high-pressure gas directly to the exterior of the firearm is not a life-and/or-safety compromising issue, relief portion 109 could be located in one exemplary embodiment on either side, front, or on the top of PRFGB housing 105. In a situation in which venting high-pressure gas directly to the exterior of the firearm is a life-and/or-safety compromising issue, relief port 109 could be located in one exemplary embodiment on the bottom of PRFGB housing 105 (as depicted in
The second exemplary embodiment of PRFGB 200 depicted in
When bullet 204 passes first gas port 206 (
The increasing pressure formed by the expanding gas moves operating piston 203 rearward a certain distance, at which time the pressure reaches a designed pressure peak and the high-pressure gasses are then allowed to enter a transfer port 209 and impinge on the face of the relief piston 211, which is part of the pressure relief mechanism. If the force of the gas pressure within the transfer port 209 pushing on the face 211a (
Once the rearward movement of the operating rod 202 reaches its physically limited movement (
The third exemplary embodiment of PRFGB 300 is pressure based and venting is depicted to be directly into the barrel of the firearm through a bottom-located relief port of the PRFGB housing according to the subject matter disclosed herein. As depicted in
When bullet 304 passes a first gas port 306, a portion of the high-pressure gas passes through gas port 306, through gas shut-off valve 307 and enters a gas cylinder 308. The expanding gas pushes operating piston 303 rearward (to the right in
The increasing pressure formed by the expanding gas moves operating piston 303 rearward a certain distance, at which time the pressure peaks at a designed pressure peak and the high-pressure gasses are then allowed to enter a transfer port 309 and impinge on the face 311a (
Once the rearward movement of the operating rod 302 reaches its physically limited movement (
Due to the speed of bullet 304 relative to the speed of the high-pressure gas flowing through the system and amount of time required for the movement of operating piston 303, operating rod 302, and relief piston 311, bullet 304 will have passed relief port 310 before relief piston 311 opens. The relative speed of bullet 304 compared to the speed of the gas and operating parts eliminates the possibility of gas flowing backwards through the system through relief port 310.
The third exemplary embodiment (relief venting into the barrel) eliminates the visual and sound signatures of venting the relief gasses to atmosphere through the side or top of the PRFGB housing 305 during use of the firearm with a sound suppressor. During the use of firearms with suppressors due the efficiency of some modern firearm suppressors and ammunition, the operation of the mechanical components of the firearm makes more noise than the firing of the firearm. In a situation in which a soldier desires the lowest sound signature possible, gas shut-off valve 307 can be closed by inserting the tip (of a bullet) of a loaded cartridge into a protruding lever handle machined on the end of the rotating (circular) portion of the gas shut off valve 307 thereby stopping the semi-automatic or fully-automatic operation of the firearm. In this manner, the soldier needs no special tools or devices to close off the valve other than the ammunition he/she is using to fire the firearm. The firearm must then be manually cycled at a time when the soldier deems appropriate.
The fourth exemplary embodiment of PRFGB 400 is pressure based and venting is depicted to be directly into a suppressor (silencer)(not shown) mounted to the forward portion of the barrel 401 of the firearm through the front relief port 412 of the PRFGB housing 405 according to the subject matter disclosed herein. As depicted in
When bullet 404 passes gas port 406, a portion of the high-pressure gas passes through gas port 406, through gas shut-off valve 407 and enters a gas cylinder 408. If the force of the gas pressure within gas cylinder 408 pushing on the face 409a (
Conversely, when bullet 404 passes gas port 406, a portion of the high-pressure gas passes through gas port 406, through gas shut-off valve 407 and enters a gas cylinder 408. If the force of the gas pressure within gas cylinder 408 pushing on the face 409a of relief piston 409 is less than the reacting force exerted by relief piston spring 410 on relief piston 409, the relief piston 409 will not move to open up relief port 411 and gas pressure will not be relieved through relief port 411 and 412. Gas will then flow through transfer port 415 into gas cylinder 416. The increasing pressure formed by the expanding gas moves the operating piston 403 rearward which in turn creates a rearward movement of the operating rod 402 to cycle the firearm loading and ejection mechanisms or directly operate the firearm cartridge loading and ejecting mechanical components (bolt/bolt carrier) (not shown) if the piston assembly is located in the receiver of the firearm (not shown) which, in turn, cycles the firearm operating system.
In one exemplary embodiment, screwing in (i.e., clockwise) on relief piston spring adjustment screw 413 increases compressive force on relief piston spring 410 and relief piston 409, thereby increasing the gas pressure required to move relief piston 409 to vent the high-pressure gas. In one exemplary embodiment, screwing out (i.e., counter-clockwise) on relief piston spring adjustment screw 413 decreases the compressive force on relief piston spring 410 and relief piston 409, thereby decreasing the gas pressure required to move relief piston 409 to vent the high-pressure gas. In another exemplary embodiment, rotation direction adjustment can be reversed dependent on design.
Once the rearward movement of the operating rod 402 reaches its physically limited movement (
The fourth exemplary embodiment (relief venting into the suppressor) eliminates the visual and sound signatures of venting the relief gasses to atmosphere through the side or top of the PRFGB housing 405 during use of the firearm with a sound suppressor. During the use of firearms with suppressors due the efficiency of some modern firearm suppressors and ammunition, the operation of the mechanical components of the firearm makes more noise than the firing of the firearm. In a situation in which a soldier desires the lowest sound signature possible, gas shut-off valve 407 can be closed by inserting the tip (of a bullet) of a loaded cartridge into a protruding lever handle machined on the end of the rotating (circular) portion of the gas shut off valve 407 thereby stopping the semi-automatic or fully-automatic operation of the firearm. In this manner, the soldier needs no special tools or devices to close off the valve other than the ammunition he/she is using to fire the firearm. The firearm must then be manually cycled at a time when the soldier deems appropriate.
During operation of firearm 550, a bullet (not shown) is pushed down the bore 501a of a barrel 501 of firearm 550 by expanding high-pressure gas created from the burning of the gunpowder. When the bullet passes gas port 506, a portion of the high-pressure gas passes through gas port 506 and enters a gas cylinder bringing gas to the rear face of a relief piston 509. The expanding gas also pushes operating piston 503 rearward (toward the right in
When the bullet passes gas port 506, a portion of the high-pressure gas passes through gas port 506 and forces relief piston 509 back against the relief spring 510. When the forces generated by the high-pressure gas on the rear face of relief piston 510 are balanced by the adjustable force of relief spring 510, the desired gas pressure is allowed to flow through a transfer port 512. The pressure cycles operating piston 503 rearward to operate the firearm action. If operating pressures are greater than the set pressure of relief spring 510 and piston assembly 503, the excess pressure is vented through relief port 511 into a vent annulus 507 between barrel 501 and a suppressor mounting tube 584 and directed into a rear chamber 581 of sound suppressor 580. The excess pressure is then vented through sound suppressor baffles 582 and to atmosphere through the sound suppressor muzzle 583.
In an alternative exemplary embodiment, the PRFGB comprises a relief aperture on the front face of the PRFGB from which excess pressure is vented into a directly coupled aperture of a sound suppressor. When the suppressor is affixed to the gas block the vent hole of the gas block aligns with the vent inlet of the sound suppressor. In yet another alternative exemplary embodiment, the PRFGB comprises a relief aperture that is capable of venting excess pressure into the bore of the firearm and/or into a suppressor.
Although the foregoing disclosed subject matter has been described in some detail for purposes of clarity of understanding, it will be apparent that certain changes and modifications may be practiced that are within the scope of the appended claims. Accordingly, the present embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the subject matter disclosed herein is not to be limited to the details given herein, but may be modified within the scope and equivalents of the appended claims.
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Entry |
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PCT/US2010/022293, International Search Report and Written Opinion, Oct. 26, 2011, 9 pages. |
Number | Date | Country | |
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20130025445 A1 | Jan 2013 | US |