1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to fluid pressure regulators, and particularly to regulators well suited for controlling the output pressure of elastomeric balloon or mechanical pumps. More specifically, the present invention relates to a variable fluid pressure regulator which allows for convenient adjustment of fluid outlet pressure.
2. Description of the Related Art
Pressure regulators that reduce or cut off inlet flow of a fluid when the outlet pressure starts to exceed a predetermined maximum and that open or increase flow when the outlet pressure has been sufficiently reduced are well known in the art. Such regulators generally include a coil spring that biases a valve member open, and a pressure-sensing element responsive to excess inlet pressure which closes the valve member. In this arrangement, increasing liquid pressure compresses the spring to force the valve member towards a valve seat. As the valve member approaches the valve seat, liquid flow through the regulator becomes more restricted. When the defined pressure level is reached, further flow restriction is stopped, or the valve member contacts the valve seat to cut off flow. When the output pressure drops below the defined pressure, the valve member moves away from the valve seat and flow increases. This cycle is rapidly repeated over and over to maintain the output pressure at the desired setting.
Numerous pressure regulating devices teach the use of a coil spring, such as U.S. Pat. No. 3,412,650 by Stang, U.S. Pat. No. 3,547,427 by Kelly, U.S. Pat. No. 3,603,214 by Murrell, U.S. Pat. No. 3,747,629 by Bauman, U.S. Pat. No. 3,825,029 by Genbauffe, U.S. Pat. No. 4,074,694 by Lee, U.S. Pat. No. 4,621,658 by Buezis et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,744,387 by Otteman, U.S. Pat. No. 5,141,022 by Black, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,732,736 by Ollivier. However, a need exists for a pressure regulator device without a spring coil, thereby resulting in a more reliable device with fewer parts which is easier to assemble and costs less.
The majority of the subject pressure regulators of the above-referenced patents are manufactured to provide a single, specific fluid outlet pressure or be adjustable between a high and a low setting. However, there also exists a need for a variable pressure regulator device that allows for the selection, from a range of values, of a desired fluid outlet pressure by a user. This capability is particularly desirable in connection with small pumps used in the medical field wherein fluids are being dispensed to a patient.
A goal of preferred embodiments is to provide a simplified pressure regulator having fewer parts thereby making it easier to assemble, less expensive and less likely to break. Instead of having the traditional springs located above and below a flexible diaphragm, a resilient diaphragm is employed that by itself controls input flow and regulates output pressure. The diaphragm is made of an elasticomeric material, and is designed not only to act as a diaphragm, but also to replace the pressure sensing spring and the valve seat spring.
Preferably, the diaphragm is manufactured to be flat, however, after installation into the regulator, an adjuster is moved to deflect the diaphragm. The amount of deflection corresponds with the desired outlet fluid pressure. The diaphragm resists deflection when outlet pressure is less than the desired level, but flexes towards a closed position when the outlet pressure exceeds this level. Thus, this diaphragm uniquely has the additional advantage of functioning as a spring without having any of the disadvantages.
Additionally, a preferred embodiment of the fluid pressure regulator includes a cover, which engages the adjuster such that rotation of the cover results in rotation of the adjuster to deflect the diaphragm and adjust the fluid outlet pressure, as described above. Such a construction advantageously allows convenient adjustment of the fluid outlet pressure by medical personnel and, thus, permits the variable fluid regulator to accommodate a variety of fluid dispensing needs.
These and other features of the present invention will be better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawing wherein:
Referring to the drawings, the pre-set pressure regulator, indicated generally by the numeral 10, comprises a base 15, a resilient wall or diaphragm 20, a retainer 25, and an initial adjuster in the form of a cap 30. The base 15 has an inlet 35 where fluid is introduced into the regulator 10 and an outlet 40 where the fluid exits at the desired pressure. A central, axial passage 45 extends through the base 15, and is in fluid communication with the inlet 35. The diameter of the open end at the top of the passage 45 which is smaller than the lower portion forms a valve seat 50. A plug 55 closes the lower end of the passage.
The top surface of the base 15 is concave and forms the lower boundary of a fluid pressure-sensing chamber 60. The perimeter of the top surface of the base member has an angled, annular shoulder 65 which defines a seating and gripping surface for the diaphragm 20. The shoulder 65 has an externally threaded lip 70 which mates with interior threads on the retainer 25, which is generally ring shaped. The outlet conduit 40 in fluid communication with the chamber 60 extends from the top surface of the base 15 to an exterior surface of the base 15.
The diaphragm 20 is a generally circular, preferably generally flat member which has an outer annular portion clamped between the base shoulder 65 and a flat annular surface 90 on the retainer 25 to seal that area. This causes the bottom surface of the diaphragm to form the upper boundary of the pressure-sensing chamber 60. The diaphragm is preferably made of an elastomeric material, such as silicone so that it will be responsive to fluid pressure changes in the chamber 60 and has a significant “memory” so that it is self-restoring. Depending from the diaphragm 20 is an integral valve stem 75 which extends axially through the chamber 60 and into the passage 45. A valve element 80 on the lower end of the valve stem is positioned in the passage 45 to cooperate with the valve seat 50. The valve element is preferably ball-shaped as illustrated, but may be in the form of a disk or other suitable shape that will properly mate with the valve seat. During assembly, the valve element 80 may be lubricated with alcohol to enable it to be pushed through the valve seat into the passage 45.
The retainer 25 may be ultrasonically welded to the base 15 if desired. An annular area 95 of the retainer 25 slopes upwardly, and inwardly to an interiorly threaded collar 105, which is part of the retainer. The adjuster cap 30 has a flat upper wall 110 and a cylindrical flange 115 extending downward into the collar 105. The exterior surface of the flange 115 is threaded to mate with the threads of the collar 105. The cap 30 is adjusted so that its lower annular end contacts the top surface of the diaphragm 20. The circular, central section of the diaphragm, which is bounded by the cylindrical flange 120, is responsive to fluid pressure in the chamber 60. The loading by the adjusting cap 30 pushes the diaphragm 20 downward, thereby unseating the valve element 80, as shown in the drawing. The adjuster may also be in sliding or cam-like engagement with the retainer.
The upper surface of the diaphragm 20 and the initial adjusting cap 30 form an upper interior space 130 that is separated from the pressure-sensing chamber 60 by the diaphragm 20. Vents 125 extend through the flat surface 110 of the adjusting cap 30 to prevent pressure build-up in the upper interior space 130, and to facilitate turning the adjuster cap 30 when setting the desired pressure.
The base 15, plug 55, adjusting cap 30, and retainer 25 are preferably made of polyvinyl chloride, but may be made of other durable, inexpensive materials known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
When the diaphragm 20 is assembled within the pressure regulator 10, between the angled shoulder 65 of the base 15 and the flat surface 90 of the retainer 25, the valve member 80 is seated in a sealed closed position. After a pressure source is attached to the inlet 35, the cap 30 is advanced against the diaphragm causing the annular tip of the cap flange 115 to deflect the diaphragm 20, thereby unseating the valve element 80 from the valve seat 50. While the valve element 80 is unseated, fluid travels through the inlet 35 and the valve seat 50, flows into the fluid sensing chamber 60, and out through outlet 40. The cap is adjusted until the desired outlet pressure is attained. For a preset pressure device, a suitable adhesive or the like is applied to the threads at 115 to prevent changes in the output pressure setting.
When the pressure of the fluid in the chamber 60 exerts a force against the bottom of the diaphragm 20 greater than the desired value initially set by the adjusting cap 30, a force imbalance occurs. The force of the fluid in the chamber 60 pushes the resilient central section of the diaphragm 20 upward causing the valve member 80 to move in a flow-reducing or flow stopping direction towards the valve seat 50. When the outlet pressure drops below the desired level, the resilient diaphragm central section moves the valve member 80 away from the valve seat 50 and fluid flow into the chamber 60 increases. The resiliency of diaphragm 20 provides its central section the self-restoring flexibility to respond to the pressure of the fluid in the fluid pressure-sensing chamber 60. Consequently, diaphragm 20 is an active member responsive to pressure changes without the need for a conventional spring.
The valve stem and the valve may be made of the same material as the diaphragm 20 and the valve member 80, and may be made as a one piece unit. However, a valve stem 75 made from a material stiffer than that used to make the diaphragm 20 is better able to maintain a constant pressure over a wider range of input pressures. To increase stiffness and obtain this improved effect, a rigid pin (not shown) may be inserted into the valve stem 75, after the diaphragm 20 is assembled into the valve body but before the adjusting cap 30 is installed. Alternatively, the cross section of the valve stem 75 may be increased over part or all of its length to increase stiffness. Further, the valve stem may be a completely separate part that links a separate valve element to the diaphragm.
The pressure regulator is useful in many applications but is particularly suited to control the output pressure of elastomeric balloon or other mechanical pumps.
With similarity to the embodiment of
As with the embodiment of
As in the embodiment of
The pressure regulator 10′ of
With reference to
Each lock tab 152 includes a substantially transversely extending lock surface 154 configured to engage a retaining surface 156 of the retainer 25′. The retaining surface 156 may be a transversely extending uninterrupted annular surface. However, the retaining surface 156 may also include a series of interrupted surfaces, preferably with the interruptions being less than a width of any one of the flexible lock tabs 152
The illustrated pressure regulator 10′ includes four, equally spaced lock tabs 152 (
With reference to
The pair of shafts 157 fix the adjuster cap 30′ for rotation with the cover 150, while simultaneously allowing the adjuster cap 30′ to move axially with respect to the cover 150 by sliding on the shafts 157. Thus, when the cover 150 is rotated, the adjuster cap 30′ both rotates, due to its engagement with the cover 150 via the shafts 157, and moves axially with respect to the cover 150, due to its threaded engagement with the retainer 25′.
The pressure regulator 10′ also includes a catch, or detent, mechanism 158 arrangement for locating the cover 150 in a desired angular position with respect to the retainer 25′. Each of a plurality of recesses 160 define a plurality of angular positions relative to the base 15′. The cover 150 includes a depending flexible tab 162 adjacent the cover periphery. The tab 162 includes an inwardly extending projection 164 (
With reference to
Advantageously, with such a construction, rotation of the cover 150 results in rotation of the adjuster cap 30′ which, in turn, alters the deflection of the flexible diaphragm member 20′. As discussed above, the outlet fluid pressure is influenced by the deflection of the flexible diaphragm member 20′. Accordingly, the pressure regulator 10′ allows a caregiver and/or patient to easily adjust the fluid outlet pressure to a desired value.
With reference to
The illustrated indicator arrangement 166 comprises an annular scale 168 on the retainer 25′. A reference indicia 170 is provided on the cap 150 and, when the cap 150 is assembled to the retainer 25′, is aligned such that at least a portion of the scale 168 is indicated by the reference indicia 170. In the illustrated embodiment, the reference indicia 170 comprises a window 172 and an arrow 174. The window 172 is sized and shaped preferably to display one demarcation of the scale 168. The arrow 174 allows for rapid identification of the location of the window 172, and may or may not be provided.
The scale 168 of the illustrated embodiment is an index scale, which provides a relative indication of outlet pressure. Thus, each range of the index scale 168 may correspond to a predetermined value, or a range of values, for the fluid outlet pressure. Alternatively, the scale 168 may provide actual fluid pressure outlet values.
In an alternative arrangement, the scale 168 may be provided on the cap 150 and the reference indicia 170 may be located on the retainer 25′, or possibly the base 15′. In this arrangement, the reference indicia 170 may comprise a projection and/or colored region of the retainer 25′ or base 15′. Of course, other suitable arrangements for indicating a value on a scale may also be used. As such, it is not intended for the indicator arrangement 166 to be limited simply to the embodiments disclosed herein, but to include other suitable variations.
Although this invention has been described in terms of certain embodiments, other embodiments apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art are also within the scope of this invention. Thus, various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is intended to be defined only by the claims that follow.
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/663,363, filed Sep. 16, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,938,642, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/931,385, filed Aug. 14, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,619,308, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/350,955, filed Jul. 9, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,273,117, the entireties of which are incorporated by reference herein and made a part of this disclosure.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
714143 | Carlson | Nov 1902 | A |
3547427 | Kelly et al. | Dec 1970 | A |
3552431 | Schmidlin | Jan 1971 | A |
3603214 | Murrell | Sep 1971 | A |
3747629 | Bauman | Jul 1973 | A |
3825029 | Genbauffe | Jul 1974 | A |
4074694 | Lee | Feb 1978 | A |
4537387 | Danby et al. | Aug 1985 | A |
4621658 | Buezis et al. | Nov 1986 | A |
4744387 | Otteman | May 1988 | A |
5141022 | Black | Aug 1992 | A |
5245997 | Bartos | Sep 1993 | A |
5492146 | George et al. | Feb 1996 | A |
5609185 | Booth et al. | Mar 1997 | A |
5697398 | Gidney et al. | Dec 1997 | A |
5732736 | Ollivier | Mar 1998 | A |
6254576 | Shekelim | Jul 2001 | B1 |
6619308 | Massengale et al. | Sep 2003 | B1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
479042 | Jan 1938 | GB |
524698 | Apr 1955 | IT |
Number | Date | Country | |
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20060048822 A1 | Mar 2006 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 10663363 | Sep 2003 | US |
Child | 11217104 | US | |
Parent | 09931385 | Aug 2001 | US |
Child | 10663363 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 09350955 | Jul 1999 | US |
Child | 09931385 | US |