Scientific instruments may include a complex arrangement of movable components, sensors, input and output ports, energy sources, and consumable components. Failures or changes in any part of this arrangement may result in a “downed” instrument, one that is not able to perform its intended function.
Embodiments will be readily understood by the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. To facilitate this description, like reference numerals designate like structural elements. Embodiments are illustrated by way of example, not by way of limitation, in the figures of the accompanying drawings.
Disclosed herein are scientific instrument support systems, as well as related methods, computing devices, and computer-readable media. For example, in some embodiments, a scientific instrument support apparatus includes timing logic to determine a maximum time without wetting for a syringe; and rinsing logic to control an autosampler to rinse the syringe when the maximum time without wetting is reached.
The embodiments disclosed herein may achieve improved syringe life relative to conventional approaches. For example, conventional approaches may result in abrasion of the inside of the syringe, stuck syringes from retained compounds, and general wear on the syringe.
Various ones of the embodiments disclosed herein may improve upon conventional approaches to achieve the technical advantages of maintaining the operation of the syringe and thus the scientific instrument by ensuring the plunger remains wet and the syringe in maintained in a clean state. All users of systems including such embodiments may benefit from these advantages (e.g., by assisting the user in the performance of a technical task, such as select wash solutions, by means of a guided human-machine interaction process). The technical features of the embodiments disclosed herein are thus decidedly unconventional in the field of gas chromatography, as are the combinations of the features of the embodiments disclosed herein. The computational and user interface features disclosed herein do not only involve the collection and comparison of information, but apply new analytical and technical techniques to change the operation of the gas chromatograph system including the autosampler. The present disclosure thus introduces functionality that neither a conventional computing device, nor a human, could perform.
In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings that form a part hereof wherein like numerals designate like parts throughout, and in which is shown, by way of illustration, embodiments that may be practiced. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized, and structural or logical changes may be made, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the following detailed description is not to be taken in a limiting sense.
Various operations may be described as multiple discrete actions or operations in turn, in a manner that is most helpful in understanding the subject matter disclosed herein. However, the order of description should not be construed as to imply that these operations are necessarily order dependent. In particular, these operations may not be performed in the order of presentation. Operations described may be performed in a different order from the described embodiment. Various additional operations may be performed, and/or described operations may be omitted in additional embodiments.
For the purposes of the present disclosure, the phrases “A and/or B” and “A or B” mean (A), (B), or (A and B). For the purposes of the present disclosure, the phrases “A, B, and/or C” and “A, B, or C” mean (A), (B), (C), (A and B), (A and C), (B and C), or (A, B, and C). Although some elements may be referred to in the singular (e.g., “a processing device”), any appropriate elements may be represented by multiple instances of that element, and vice versa. For example, a set of operations described as performed by a processing device may be implemented with different ones of the operations performed by different processing devices.
The description uses the phrases “an embodiment,” “various embodiments,” and “some embodiments,” each of which may refer to one or more of the same or different embodiments. Furthermore, the terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” and the like, as used with respect to embodiments of the present disclosure, are synonymous. When used to describe a range of dimensions, the phrase “between X and Y” represents a range that includes X and Y. As used herein, an “apparatus” may refer to any individual device, collection of devices, part of a device, or collections of parts of devices. The drawings are not necessarily to scale.
Liquid autosampler syringe manufacturers instruct users to keep the plunger wet to avoid damage. Some of the common GC solvents are very volatile (e.g. methylene chloride boiling point 40° C., pentane boiling point 36° C.). A syringe used with these solvents can dry out even before the next injection. Moving a dry plunger causes mechanical abrasion damage. In addition, once the solvent dries out, residual sample in the syringe may “glue” the plunger to the barrel. Metabolomics samples, for example, often have these sticky residues despite being rinsed with multiple solvents.
After each injection, the syringe is rinsed to remove as much of the residual sample as possible. This often involves volatile solvents. The syringe can then be rinsed with a less volatile solvent (e.g. iso-octane boiling point 99° C., toluene boiling point 111° C.) which evaporates much less quickly.
The scientific instrument support module 1000 may include first logic 1002, second logic 1004, and third logic 1006, fourth logic 1008, fifth logic 1010, and sixth logic 1012. As used herein, the term “logic” may include an apparatus that is to perform a set of operations associated with the logic. For example, any of the logic elements included in the support module 1000 may be implemented by one or more computing devices programmed with instructions to cause one or more processing devices of the computing devices to perform the associated set of operations. In a particular embodiment, a logic element may include one or more non-transitory computer-readable media having instructions thereon that, when executed by one or more processing devices of one or more computing devices, cause the one or more computing devices to perform the associated set of operations. As used herein, the term “module” may refer to a collection of one or more logic elements that, together, perform a function associated with the module. Different ones of the logic elements in a module may take the same form or may take different forms. For example, some logic in a module may be implemented by a programmed general-purpose processing device, while other logic in a module may be implemented by an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). In another example, different ones of the logic elements in a module may be associated with different sets of instructions executed by one or more processing devices. A module may not include all of the logic elements depicted in the associated drawing; for example, a module may include a subset of the logic elements depicted in the associated drawing when that module is to perform a subset of the operations discussed herein with reference to that module.
The first logic 1002 may receive an initial rinse solvent selection and receive a final rinse solvent selection when the initial rinse solvent selection includes a volatile rinse solvent, such as by a user input. In various embodiments, the user input can be received through selection of graphical user interface elements, as text input, by voice command, and the like. The first logic 1002 can receive the input by identifying a change of state of a switch on a scientific instrument or by receiving a selection of a dropdown menu element. The first logic 1002 can provide a list of final rinse solvents based on the initial rinse solvent selection, such as in response to the initial first logic 1002 selection including a volatile solvent. The list of final rinse solvents can include low volatility solvents that are miscible in the selected initial rinse solvent.
The second logic 1004 may include logic to detect the installation of a new syringe and rinse the syringe at a slow speed with a low volatility solvent when a new syringe in installed. The second logic 1004 can detect the installation of the new syringe by receiving an user input or by automatically determining the new syringe is installed.
The third logic 1006 may monitor the force when moving the plunger of the syringe. The third logic 1006 can include logic to rinse the syringe at a slow speed when the force is above a threshold. The third logic 1006 can include logic to rinse the syringe multiple times when the force is above a threshold. The third logic 1006 can include logic to notify a user to clean or replace the syringe when the force remains above a threshold.
The fourth logic 1008 may determine a maximum time before wetting a syringe. Wetting can include rinsing, washing, drawing a sample, injecting a sample, or any other action that wets the syringe. The fourth logic 1008 can determine the maximum time as a function of solvent volatility, temperature, needle length, needle internal bore size, barrel internal bore size, surface tension of solvent, or any combination thereof. The fourth logic 1008 can provide a warning of a long idle time when a method will result in a syringe being idle longer than the maximum time before wetting a syringe. The warning can include an option to perform a rinse between runs when the syringe has been idle longer than the maximum idle time.
The fifth logic 1010 may control an autosampler to wet the syringe. The fifth logic 1010 can include logic to automatically wet the syringe when the time since last use of the syringe exceeds the maximum time determined by the fourth logic 1008. The fifth logic 1010 can determine the amount of solvent remaining in a solvent bottle and determine if solvent bottle has sufficient solvent to complete the sample sequence. The fifth logic 1010 can prevent rinsing the syringe when there is insufficient solvent remaining in the solvent bottle. The fifth logic 1010 can alert a user to a low solvent condition. The fifth logic 1010 can control an autosampler to rinse a syringe with a first solvent and rinse the syringe with the second solvent based at least in part on the initial rinse solvent selection and the final rinse solvent selection. The fifth logic 1010 may include logic to retain a volume of the final rinse solvent in the syringe between injections and to expel any remaining solvent from the syringe before drawing up a sample for injection.
The sixth logic 1012 may receive an input that the syringe will be removed and to rinse the syringe additional times in response to the input that the syringe will be removed. In various embodiments, the sixth logic 1012 can trigger a final rinse procedure that can include flushing the syringe one or more times with a solvent in which the sample is highly soluble. The syringe can then be rinsed with one or more solvents which are preferably miscible with the first solvent. The final rinse procedure can also include a deionized water rinse and a final rinse in acetone to dry the syringe for storage. In various embodiments, the sixth logic 1012 may automatically select the solvents and the number of rinses, such as based on the solvents used to rinse between injections.
At 2002, first operations may be performed. For example, the first logic 1002 of a support module 1000 may perform the operations of 2002. The first operations may include receiving an initial rinse solvent selection and receive a final rinse solvent selection when the initial rinse solvent selection includes a volatile rinse solvent, such as by a user input. In various embodiments, the user input can be received through selection of graphical user interface elements, as text input, by voice command, and the like. The first operations can include providing a list of final rinse solvents based on the initial rinse solvent selection, such as in response to the initial selection including a volatile solvent. The list of final rinse solvents can include low volatility solvents that are miscible in the selected initial rinse solvent
At 2004, second operations may be performed. For example, the second logic 1004 of a support module 1000 may perform the operations of 2004. The second operations may include detecting the installation of a new syringe and rinsing the syringe at a slow speed with a low volatility solvent when a new syringe in installed. Detecting the installation of the new syringe can include automatically determining the new syringe is installed or receiving a user input to indicate a new syringe has been installed.
At 2006, third operations may be performed. For example, the third logic 1006 of a support module 1000 may perform the operations of 2006. The third operations may include monitoring the force when moving the plunger of the syringe. The third operations may include rinsing the syringe at a slow speed when the force is above a threshold and/or rinsing the syringe multiple times when the force is above a threshold. The third operations may include notifying a user to clean or replace the syringe when the force remains above a threshold after rinsing.
At 2008, fourth operations may be performed. For example, the fourth logic 1006 of a support module 1000 may perform the operations of 2006. The fourth operations may include determine a maximum time before wetting a syringe. Wetting can include rinsing, washing, drawing a sample, injecting a sample, or any other action that wets the syringe. The fourth logic 1008 can determine the maximum time as a function of solvent volatility, temperature, needle length, needle internal bore size, barrel internal bore size, surface tension of solvent, or any combination thereof. The fourth logic 1008 can provide a warning of a long idle time when a method will result in a syringe being idle longer than the maximum time before wetting a syringe.
At 2010, fifth operations may be performed. For example, the fifth logic 1010 of a support module 1000 may perform the operations of 2010. The fifth operations may include controlling an autosampler to wet the syringe. The fifth operations can include automatically wetting the syringe when the time since last use of the syringe exceeds the maximum time determined by the fourth operations. The fifth operations can include determining the amount of solvent remaining in a solvent bottle and prevent rinsing the syringe when there is insufficient solvent remaining in the solvent bottle. The fifth operations can include determining if solvent bottle has sufficient solvent to complete the sample sequence and alert a user to a low solvent condition. The fifth operations can include controlling an autosampler to rinse a syringe with a first solvent and rinse the syringe with the second solvent based at least in part on the initial rinse solvent selection and the final rinse solvent selection. The fifth operations can include retaining a volume of the final rinse solvent in the syringe between injections and to expel any remaining solvent from the syringe before drawing up a sample for injection.
At 2012, sixth operations may be performed. For example, the sixth logic 1012 of a support module 1000 may perform the operations of 2012. The sixth operations may include receiving an input that the syringe will be removed and rinsing the syringe additional times in response to the input that the syringe will be removed.
The scientific instrument support methods disclosed herein may include interactions with a human user (e.g., via the user local computing device 5020 discussed herein with reference to
The GUI 3000 may include a data display region 3002, a data analysis region 3004, a scientific instrument control region 3006, and a settings region 3008. The particular number and arrangement of regions depicted in
The data display region 3002 may display data generated by a scientific instrument (e.g., the scientific instrument 5010 discussed herein with reference to
The data analysis region 3004 may display the results of data analysis (e.g., the results of analyzing the data illustrated in the data display region 3002 and/or other data). For example, the data analysis region 3004 may display retention times, peak heights, peak areas, compound identifications, or the like. In some embodiments, the data display region 3002 and the data analysis region 3004 may be combined in the GUI 3000 (e.g., to include data output from a scientific instrument, and some analysis of the data, in a common graph or region).
The scientific instrument control region 3006 may include options that allow the user to control a scientific instrument (e.g., the scientific instrument 5010 discussed herein with reference to
The scientific instrument control region 3006 may provide a long idle time warning if the sample sequence will result in the syringe being idle for longer than the maximum idle time and provide an option to automatically rinse the syringe during that period.
The scientific instrument control region 3006 may provide an option to perform a solvent check to ensure sufficient solvent is available before starting a sample sequence or to pause the sample sequence if an amount of solvent drops below a threshold.
In further embodiments, the scientific instrument control region 3006 may include an input region to define the syringe type or to enter a needle length, needle internal bore size, and/or barrel internal bore size.
In still further embodiments, the scientific instrument control region 3006 may include buttons, text input boxes, pull down menus, and other GUI interface elements to enable the user to indicate they intend to remove the syringe or they have installed a new syringe.
The settings region 3008 may include options that allow the user to control the features and functions of the GUI 3000 (and/or other GUIs) and/or perform common computing operations with respect to the data display region 3002 and data analysis region 3004 (e.g., saving data on a storage device, such as the storage device 4004 discussed herein with reference to
As noted above, the scientific instrument support module 1000 may be implemented by one or more computing devices.
The computing device 4000 of
The computing device 4000 may include a processing device 4002 (e.g., one or more processing devices). As used herein, the term “processing device” may refer to any device or portion of a device that processes electronic data from registers and/or memory to transform that electronic data into other electronic data that may be stored in registers and/or memory. The processing device 4002 may include one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), central processing units (CPUs), graphics processing units (GPUs), cryptoprocessors (specialized processors that execute cryptographic algorithms within hardware), server processors, or any other suitable processing devices.
The computing device 4000 may include a storage device 4004 (e.g., one or more storage devices). The storage device 4004 may include one or more memory devices such as random access memory (RAM) (e.g., static RAM (SRAM) devices, magnetic RAM (MRAM) devices, dynamic RAM (DRAM) devices, resistive RAM (RRAM) devices, or conductive-bridging RAM (CBRAM) devices), hard drive-based memory devices, solid-state memory devices, networked drives, cloud drives, or any combination of memory devices. In some embodiments, the storage device 4004 may include memory that shares a die with a processing device 4002. In such an embodiment, the memory may be used as cache memory and may include embedded dynamic random access memory (eDRAM) or spin transfer torque magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM), for example. In some embodiments, the storage device 4004 may include non-transitory computer readable media having instructions thereon that, when executed by one or more processing devices (e.g., the processing device 4002), cause the computing device 4000 to perform any appropriate ones of or portions of the methods disclosed herein.
The computing device 4000 may include an interface device 4006 (e.g., one or more interface devices 4006). The interface device 4006 may include one or more communication chips, connectors, and/or other hardware and software to govern communications between the computing device 4000 and other computing devices. For example, the interface device 4006 may include circuitry for managing wireless communications for the transfer of data to and from the computing device 4000. The term “wireless” and its derivatives may be used to describe circuits, devices, systems, methods, techniques, communications channels, etc., that may communicate data through the use of modulated electromagnetic radiation through a nonsolid medium. The term does not imply that the associated devices do not contain any wires, although in some embodiments they might not. Circuitry included in the interface device 4006 for managing wireless communications may implement any of a number of wireless standards or protocols, including but not limited to Institute for Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) standards including Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11 family), IEEE 802.16 standards (e.g., IEEE 802.16-2005 Amendment), Long-Term Evolution (LTE) project along with any amendments, updates, and/or revisions (e.g., advanced LTE project, ultra mobile broadband (UMB) project (also referred to as “3GPP2”), etc.). In some embodiments, circuitry included in the interface device 4006 for managing wireless communications may operate in accordance with a Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), Evolved HSPA (E-HSPA), or LTE network. In some embodiments, circuitry included in the interface device 4006 for managing wireless communications may operate in accordance with Enhanced Data for GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN), Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN), or Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN). In some embodiments, circuitry included in the interface device 4006 for managing wireless communications may operate in accordance with Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT), Evolution-Data Optimized (EV-DO), and derivatives thereof, as well as any other wireless protocols that are designated as 3G, 4G, 5G, and beyond. In some embodiments, the interface device 4006 may include one or more antennas (e.g., one or more antenna arrays) to receipt and/or transmission of wireless communications.
In some embodiments, the interface device 4006 may include circuitry for managing wired communications, such as electrical, optical, or any other suitable communication protocols. For example, the interface device 4006 may include circuitry to support communications in accordance with Ethernet technologies. In some embodiments, the interface device 4006 may support both wireless and wired communication, and/or may support multiple wired communication protocols and/or multiple wireless communication protocols. For example, a first set of circuitry of the interface device 4006 may be dedicated to shorter-range wireless communications such as Wi-Fi or Bluetooth, and a second set of circuitry of the interface device 4006 may be dedicated to longer-range wireless communications such as global positioning system (GPS), EDGE, GPRS, CDMA, WiMAX, LTE, EV-DO, or others. In some embodiments, a first set of circuitry of the interface device 4006 may be dedicated to wireless communications, and a second set of circuitry of the interface device 4006 may be dedicated to wired communications.
The computing device 4000 may include battery/power circuitry 4008. The battery/power circuitry 4008 may include one or more energy storage devices (e.g., batteries or capacitors) and/or circuitry for coupling components of the computing device 4000 to an energy source separate from the computing device 4000 (e.g., AC line power).
The computing device 4000 may include a display device 4010 (e.g., multiple display devices). The display device 4010 may include any visual indicators, such as a heads-up display, a computer monitor, a projector, a touchscreen display, a liquid crystal display (LCD), a light-emitting diode display, or a flat panel display.
The computing device 4000 may include other input/output (I/O) devices 4012. The other I/O devices 4012 may include one or more audio output devices (e.g., speakers, headsets, earbuds, alarms, etc.), one or more audio input devices (e.g., microphones or microphone arrays), location devices (e.g., GPS devices in communication with a satellite-based system to receive a location of the computing device 4000, as known in the art), audio codecs, video codecs, printers, sensors (e.g., thermocouples or other temperature sensors, humidity sensors, pressure sensors, vibration sensors, accelerometers, gyroscopes, etc.), image capture devices such as cameras, keyboards, cursor control devices such as a mouse, a stylus, a trackball, or a touchpad, bar code readers, Quick Response (QR) code readers, or radio frequency identification (RFID) readers, for example.
The computing device 4000 may have any suitable form factor for its application and setting, such as a handheld or mobile computing device (e.g., a cell phone, a smart phone, a mobile internet device, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a netbook computer, an ultrabook computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA), an ultra mobile personal computer, etc.), a desktop computing device, or a server computing device or other networked computing component.
One or more computing devices implementing any of the scientific instrument support modules or methods disclosed herein may be part of a scientific instrument support system.
Any of the scientific instrument 5010, the user local computing device 5020, the service local computing device 5030, or the remote computing device 5040 may include any of the embodiments of the computing device 4000 discussed herein with reference to
The scientific instrument 5010, the user local computing device 5020, the service local computing device 5030, or the remote computing device 5040 may each include a processing device 5002, a storage device 5004, and an interface device 5006. The processing device 5002 may take any suitable form, including the form of any of the processing devices 4002 discussed herein with reference to
The scientific instrument 5010, the user local computing device 5020, the service local computing device 5030, and the remote computing device 5040 may be in communication with other elements of the scientific instrument support system 5000 via communication pathways 5008. The communication pathways 5008 may communicatively couple the interface devices 5006 of different ones of the elements of the scientific instrument support system 5000, as shown, and may be wired or wireless communication pathways (e.g., in accordance with any of the communication techniques discussed herein with reference to the interface devices 4006 of the computing device 4000 of
The scientific instrument 5010 may include any appropriate scientific instrument, such as an autosampler for gas chromatograph or a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer.
The user local computing device 5020 may be a computing device (e.g., in accordance with any of the embodiments of the computing device 4000 discussed herein) that is local to a user of the scientific instrument 5010. In some embodiments, the user local computing device 5020 may also be local to the scientific instrument 5010, but this need not be the case; for example, a user local computing device 5020 that is in a user's home or office may be remote from, but in communication with, the scientific instrument 5010 so that the user may use the user local computing device 5020 to control and/or access data from the scientific instrument 5010. In some embodiments, the user local computing device 5020 may be a laptop, smartphone, or tablet device. In some embodiments the user local computing device 5020 may be a portable computing device.
The service local computing device 5030 may be a computing device (e.g., in accordance with any of the embodiments of the computing device 4000 discussed herein) that is local to an entity that services the scientific instrument 5010. For example, the service local computing device 5030 may be local to a manufacturer of the scientific instrument 5010 or to a third-party service company. In some embodiments, the service local computing device 5030 may communicate with the scientific instrument 5010, the user local computing device 5020, and/or the remote computing device 5040 (e.g., via a direct communication pathway 5008 or via multiple “indirect” communication pathways 5008, as discussed above) to receive data regarding the operation of the scientific instrument 5010, the user local computing device 5020, and/or the remote computing device 5040 (e.g., the results of self-tests of the scientific instrument 5010, calibration coefficients used by the scientific instrument 5010, the measurements of sensors associated with the scientific instrument 5010, etc.). In some embodiments, the service local computing device 5030 may communicate with the scientific instrument 5010, the user local computing device 5020, and/or the remote computing device 5040 (e.g., via a direct communication pathway 5008 or via multiple “indirect” communication pathways 5008, as discussed above) to transmit data to the scientific instrument 5010, the user local computing device 5020, and/or the remote computing device 5040 (e.g., to update programmed instructions, such as firmware, in the scientific instrument 5010, to initiate the performance of test or calibration sequences in the scientific instrument 5010, to update programmed instructions, such as software, in the user local computing device 5020 or the remote computing device 5040, etc.). A user of the scientific instrument 5010 may utilize the scientific instrument 5010 or the user local computing device 5020 to communicate with the service local computing device 5030 to report a problem with the scientific instrument 5010 or the user local computing device 5020, to request a visit from a technician to improve the operation of the scientific instrument 5010, to order consumables or replacement parts associated with the scientific instrument 5010, or for other purposes.
The remote computing device 5040 may be a computing device (e.g., in accordance with any of the embodiments of the computing device 4000 discussed herein) that is remote from the scientific instrument 5010 and/or from the user local computing device 5020. In some embodiments, the remote computing device 5040 may be included in a datacenter or other large-scale server environment. In some embodiments, the remote computing device 5040 may include network-attached storage (e.g., as part of the storage device 5004). The remote computing device 5040 may store data generated by the scientific instrument 5010, perform analyses of the data generated by the scientific instrument 5010 (e.g., in accordance with programmed instructions), facilitate communication between the user local computing device 5020 and the scientific instrument 5010, and/or facilitate communication between the service local computing device 5030 and the scientific instrument 5010.
In some embodiments, one or more of the elements of the scientific instrument support system 5000 illustrated in
In some embodiments, different ones of the scientific instruments 5010 included in a scientific instrument support system 5000 may be different types of scientific instruments 5010; for example, one scientific instrument 5010 may be an autosampler for a gas chromatograph, while another scientific instrument 5010 may be an autosampler for a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. In some such embodiments, the remote computing device 5040 and/or the user local computing device 5020 may combine data from different types of scientific instruments 5010 included in a scientific instrument support system 5000.
The sample can be moved from the injector 6002 to the column 6004 by a carrier gas. The column 6004 includes a retention medium, typically as a thin coating on the interior surface of the column 6004. The retention medium can differentially retain some compounds from the sample such that the amount of time necessary to transit the column is compound dependent. In this way, the compounds in the vaporized sample can be separated based on the time to transit the column 6004 (retention time).
Upon exiting the column 6004, the compounds can enter the detector 6006. Various detectors can be used as part of a GC system including flame ionization detectors, nitrogen phosphorous detectors, electron capture detectors, thermal conductivity detectors, flame photometric detectors, mass spectrometers, and the like.
The following paragraphs provide various examples of the embodiments disclosed herein.