Patent Application
20230361368
This application claims foreign priority of Chinese Patent Application No. 202210581218.5, filed on May 26, 2022 in the China National Intellectual Property Administration, the disclosures of all of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
The present invention relates to the field of prevention, control, and protection technologies of energy storage power stations, and specifically, to a prevention and control method and system of nitrogen protection and multi-region level-by-level detection for an energy storage power station.
2021 is a big year for global energy storage having 1.24 GW of new capacity, with an increase of over 150% from 2020. The rapid development of energy storage is inseparable from supportive government policies, ambitious climate commitments, and the growing demand for grid flexibility. Currently, lithium-ion battery production is one of the dominant energy storage technologies, but potential safety hazards caused by the safety limitations of lithium-ion batteries and the inconsistencies caused by the long operation of a large number of battery cells inside energy storage power stations cannot be ignored.
For existing firefighting systems for energy storage power stations or battery containers, a heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing agent is mostly used. When a temperature or smoke detector in the system detects abnormal data, heptafluoropropane is sprayed in an entire battery room or container, to extinguish open fire through the function of oxygen isolation and chemical inhibition of heptafluoropropane. However, this method does not spray gas at a point of fire or a battery module with thermal runaway. In this case, a large amount of extinguishing agent is required, the efficiency of fire extinguishing is reduced, and heat transfers very easily to cause a larger fire. Because the gaseous fire extinguishing agent cannot implement long-term cooling, the thermal runaway in a battery cannot be thoroughly inhibited. As the internal reactions in the battery continue, a lot of heat accumulates, and flammable gas continues to be released. As a result, fire in the battery restarts and thermal runaway spreads, causing a lot of property damage and casualties.
To improve the reliability of fire extinguishing devices and solve the shortcomings of gas fire extinguishing, Chinese Patent Application No. 201110235922.7 proposes a water-based fire extinguishing agent for extinguishing a fire in battery with thermal runaway in a battery module, and smoke exhaust is performed at the same time, which has the characteristics of fast fire extinguishing speed and low smoke, and timely smoke exhaust can quickly extract combustible gases released from the battery, to avoid the occurrence of explosion due to the accumulation of combustible gases. A water blocking device and a water drainage device are further used in such a fire extinguishing system to reduce a possibility of electric short-circuits due to spreading of water.
However, the above patent has the following disadvantages.
Moreover, in Application 202010942589.2 filed by China Electric Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., smoke concentration or combustible gas concentration at interior and exterior architecture of a battery room of an energy storage power station is detected, and the temperature inside the battery room is detected. According to different cases, a gas fire extinguishing method is used to extinguish fire for the entire battery room, or a liquid fire extinguishing method is used to submerge a problematic battery module with an extinguishing agent, or the gas fire extinguishing method is used to extinguish fire in an entire battery room and at the same time a liquid fire extinguishing system is used to submerge a problematic battery module.
Although fire extinguishing in a battery room is added in the above patent, a false alarm is inevitable if single detection elements (smoke, combustible gases, and temperature) in different spaces are used for determination. Once a false alarm occurs, according to the fire extinguishing method in the patent, comprehensive coverage of a gaseous fire extinguishing agent, a liquid fire extinguishing agent, or both a gaseous fire extinguishing agent and a liquid fire extinguishing agent in a battery room may cause a huge loss, and the patent also has high electrical conductivity safety issues of a liquid fire extinguishing agent such as firewater.
An objective of the present invention is to provide a prevention and control method and system of nitrogen protection and multi-region level-by-level detection for an energy storage power station to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, so that level-by-level detection and protection and multi-approach protection are respectively performed for four protection regions of an energy storage power station: a battery pack, a battery cluster, a battery compartment, and a device compartment, thereby truly implementing effective prevention, control, and protection of the energy storage power station.
The objective of the present invention is achieved by using the following technical measure: a prevention and control method of nitrogen protection and multi-region level-by-level detection for an energy storage power station. The prevention and control method of nitrogen protection and multi-region level-by-level detection for an energy storage power station includes two modes: a normal operating mode and an abnormal mode, where:
Further, detection elements included in the combination detector A in step 2) are VOCs, smoke, CO, temperature, O2, and pressure; and when any one of detection values of four detection elements of CO, VOCs, smoke, and temperature in the combination detector A reaches the primary early warning threshold A1 and the detection values of the four detection elements of CO, VOCs, smoke, and temperature are all less than the secondary early warning threshold A2, it is determined that a current early warning level of the detector A is the primary early warning.
Further, when the four detection elements of CO, VOCs, smoke, and temperature in the combination detector A all reach the secondary early warning threshold A2, it is determined that the current early warning level of the combination detector A is the secondary early warning.
Further, detection elements included in the combination detector B in step 2) are flame, H2, smoke, and temperature; and when any one of three detection elements of H2, smoke, and temperature in the combination detector B reaches the primary early warning threshold B1 and is less than the secondary early warning threshold B2 and at the same time a flame sensor value remains unchanged, it is determined that a current early warning level of the detector B is the primary early warning.
Further, when the three detection elements of H2, smoke, and temperature in the combination detector B all reach the secondary early warning threshold B2 and the flame sensor value reaches the secondary early warning threshold B2, it is determined that the current early warning level of the combination detector B is the secondary early warning.
Further, when detection values of detection elements of smoke and flame in the combination detector C in step 2) all reach the primary early warning threshold C1, it is determined that a current early warning level of the combination detector C is the primary early warning.
Further, when the detection values of the detection elements of smoke and flame in the combination detector C all reach the secondary early warning threshold C2, it is determined that the current early warning level of the combination detector C is the secondary early warning.
Further, a detection element in the detector D is VOCs.
A prevention and control system of nitrogen protection and multi-region level-by-level detection for an energy storage power station is provided. The energy storage power station includes a device compartment and a battery compartment. A plurality of battery clusters are disposed in the battery compartment. A plurality of battery packs are disposed in each battery cluster. The system includes a central controller, an inert gas bottle group, a gaseous fire extinguishing agent bottle X, a gas pipe M, a solenoid valve N, a solenoid valve d, a detector D, a combination detector C, a combination detector B, a combination detector A, a solenoid valve a, a solenoid valve b, a gas pipe N, a gaseous fire extinguishing agent bottle Y, a solenoid valve s, a nozzle, and an external firewater port. The central controller, the solenoid valve d, the solenoid valve N, the gaseous fire extinguishing agent bottle X, the inert gas bottle group, and the detector D are disposed in the device compartment. One end of the gas pipe M extends into the device compartment to be respectively connected to the gaseous fire extinguishing agent bottle X and the inert gas bottle group, and the other end of the gas pipe M respectively extends into a single battery cluster and a single battery pack in the battery compartment. The solenoid valve N is disposed at an outlet end of the inert gas bottle group. The solenoid valve d is disposed at a gas spraying end in the device compartment. The solenoid valve b is disposed on the gas pipe M in communication with the single battery cluster. The solenoid valve a is disposed on the gas pipe M in communication with the single battery pack. The combination detector A is disposed in the single battery pack. The combination detector B is disposed in the single battery cluster. A plurality of combination detectors C are disposed at a top of the battery compartment. The detector D is disposed at a top of the device compartment. One end of the gas pipe N extends into the battery compartment to be connected to a plurality of nozzles, and the other end of the gas pipe N extends out of the battery compartment to be respectively connected to the gaseous fire extinguishing agent bottle Y and the external firewater port. The solenoid valve s is disposed at a water outlet end of the external firewater port. The solenoid valve N, the solenoid valve d, the detector D, the combination detector C, the combination detector B, the combination detector A, the solenoid valve a, the solenoid valve b, and the solenoid valve s are respectively electrically connected to the central controller.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: specifically, an active defense system of nitrogen protection and a passive fire extinguishing mode of fire control detection are adopted for battery packs. For a battery cluster, a battery compartment, and a device compartment, characteristic gases of different types are mainly detected by using combination detectors, and it is accordingly determined whether thermal runaway occurs. A gaseous fire extinguishing agent and external firewater are mainly used in passive fire control, to comprehensively inhibit thermal runaway in an energy storage power station or even extinguish fire. Eventually, a safe operation system of an energy storage power station is constructed by combining an active protection and passive defense and by using a multi-region, multi-gas comprehensive detection and sensing and multi-fire extinguishing medium method. Different regional fire extinguishing and different fire extinguishing measures are adopted for different early warning levels. A plurality of detection elements are adopted to perform comprehensive determination for each early warning level, thereby avoiding unnecessary losses caused by false and missing alarms.
The present invention is described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementations.
Where: 1: energy storage container, 2: detector D, 3: combination detector C, 4: nozzle, 5: battery compartment, 6: gas pipe N, 7: combination detector B, 8: solenoid valve b, 9: solenoid valve a, 10: solenoid valve s, 11: external firewater port, 12: gaseous fire extinguishing agent bottle Y, 13: check valve, 14: combination detector A, 15: battery pack, 16: battery cluster, 17: central controller, 18: nitrogen bottle group, 19: gaseous fire extinguishing agent bottle X, 20: solenoid valve N, 21: device compartment, 22: gas pipe M, and 23: solenoid valve d.
As shown in
“Five-Level Protection” for an Energy Storage Power Station:
Detection elements included in the combination detector A 14 in step 2) are VOCs, smoke, CO, temperature, O2, and pressure. When any one of detection values of four detection elements of CO, VOCs, smoke, and temperature in the combination detector A 14 reaches the primary early warning threshold A1 and the detection values of the four detection elements of CO, VOCs, smoke, and temperature are all less than the secondary early warning threshold A2, it is determined that a current early warning level of the detector A is the primary early warning.
When the four detection elements of CO, VOCs, smoke, and temperature in the combination detector A 14 all reach the secondary early warning threshold A2, it is determined that the current early warning level of the combination detector A 14 is the secondary early warning.
Detection elements included in the combination detector B 7 in step 2) are flame, H2, smoke, and temperature. When any one of three detection elements of H2, smoke, and temperature in the combination detector B 7 reaches the primary early warning threshold B1 and is less than the secondary early warning threshold B2 and at the same time a flame sensor value remains unchanged, it is determined that a current early warning level of the detector B is the primary early warning.
When the three detection elements of H2, smoke, and temperature in the combination detector B 7 all reach the secondary early warning threshold B2 and the flame sensor value reaches the secondary early warning threshold B2, it is determined that the current early warning level of the combination detector B 7 is the secondary early warning.
When detection values of detection elements of smoke and flame in the combination detector C 3 in step 2) all reach the primary early warning threshold C1, it is determined that a current early warning level of the combination detector C 3 is the primary early warning.
When the detection values of the detection elements of smoke and flame in the combination detector C 3 all reach the secondary early warning threshold C2, it is determined that the current early warning level of the combination detector C 3 is the secondary early warning.
A detection element in the detector D 2 is VOCs. The primary early warning threshold A1, the secondary early warning threshold A2, the primary early warning threshold B1, the secondary early warning threshold B2, the primary early warning threshold C1, and the secondary early warning threshold C2 in this application are not specific values, but instead are corresponding values that are set according to detection elements that are respectively covered by the detector D 2, the combination detector C 3, the combination detector B 7, and the combination detector A 14. For example, in the combination detector A 14, the detection elements include VOCs, smoke, CO, temperature, O2, and pressure. In this case, the primary early warning threshold A1 should correspond to a value A13 of VOCs, a value A11 of CO, a value A14 of smoke, and a value A15 of temperature. According to existing thermal runaway standards in this technical field, a primary early warning threshold A13 of VOCs, a primary early warning threshold A11 of CO, a primary early warning threshold A14 of smoke, and a primary early warning threshold A15 of temperature are respectively set. Similarly, the secondary early warning threshold A2 should correspond to a secondary early warning threshold A23 of VOCs, a secondary early warning threshold A21 of CO, a secondary early warning threshold A24 of smoke, and a secondary early warning threshold A25 of temperature. When the detection value of VOCs reaches the primary early warning threshold A13, or the detection value of CO reaches the primary early warning threshold A11, or the detection value of smoke reaches the primary early warning threshold A14, or the detection value of temperature reaches the primary early warning threshold A15, and the detection value of VOCs is less than the secondary early warning threshold A23, the detection value of CO is less than the secondary early warning threshold A21, the detection value of smoke is less than the secondary early warning threshold A24, and the detection value of temperature is less than the secondary early warning threshold A25, it is determined that the current early warning level of the detector A is primary early warning. The primary early warning threshold B1 of the combination detector B 7 should correspond to a primary early warning threshold B12 of H2, a primary early warning threshold B14 of smoke, a primary early warning threshold B15 of temperature, and a primary early warning threshold B16 of flame. The secondary early warning threshold B2 should correspond to a secondary early warning threshold B22 of H2, a secondary early warning threshold B24 of smoke, a secondary early warning threshold B25 of temperature, and a secondary early warning threshold B26 of flame. The primary early warning threshold C1 of the combination detector C 3 should correspond to a primary early warning threshold C14 of smoke and a primary early warning threshold C16 of flame. The secondary early warning threshold C2 should correspond to a secondary early warning threshold C24 of smoke and the secondary early warning threshold C26 of flame. The primary early warning threshold D1 of the detector D 2 corresponds to a primary early warning threshold D13 of VOCs, and the secondary early warning threshold D2 corresponds to a secondary early warning threshold D23 of VOCs. The early warning thresholds at different levels in the combination detector B 7, the combination detector C 3, and the detector D 2 are established according to the prior art in the industry, and a specific determination method is similar to that of the foregoing combination detector A 14.
Primary Early Warning Threshold
Secondary Early Warning Threshold
When the four detection elements of CO, VOCs, smoke, and temperature in the combination detector A 14 all reach the secondary early warning threshold A2, it is determined that the current early warning level of the combination detector A 14 is the secondary early warning.
A prevention and control system of nitrogen protection and multi-region level-by-level detection for an energy storage power station is provided. The energy storage power station uses a form of energy storage container 1 and includes a device compartment 21 and a battery compartment 5. A plurality of battery clusters 16 are disposed in the battery compartment 5. A plurality of battery packs 15 are disposed in each battery cluster 16. The system includes a central controller 17, an inert gas bottle group, a gaseous fire extinguishing agent bottle X 19, a gas pipe M 22, a solenoid valve N 20, a solenoid valve d 23, a detector D 2, a combination detector C 3, a combination detector B 7, a combination detector A 14, a solenoid valve a 9, a solenoid valve b 8, a gas pipe N 6, a gaseous fire extinguishing agent bottle Y 12, a solenoid valve s 10, a nozzle 2, and an external firewater port 11. The central controller 17, the solenoid valve d 23, the solenoid valve N 20, the gaseous fire extinguishing agent bottle X 19, the inert gas bottle group, and the detector D 2 are disposed in the device compartment 21. One end of the gas pipe M 22 extends into the device compartment 21 to be respectively connected to the gaseous fire extinguishing agent bottle X 19 and the inert gas bottle group, and the other end of the gas pipe M 22 respectively extends into a single battery cluster 16 and a single battery pack 15 in the battery compartment 5. The solenoid valve N 20 is disposed at an outlet end of the inert gas bottle group. The solenoid valve d 23 is disposed at a gas spraying end in the device compartment 21. The solenoid valve b 8 is disposed on the gas pipe M 22 in communication with the single battery cluster 16. The solenoid valve a 9 is disposed on the gas pipe M 22 in communication with the single battery pack 15. The combination detector A 14 is disposed in the single battery pack 15. The combination detector B 7 is disposed in the single battery cluster 16. A plurality of combination detectors C 3 are disposed at a top of the battery compartment 5. The detector D 2 is disposed at a top of the device compartment 21. One end of the gas pipe N 6 extends into the battery compartment 5 to be connected to a plurality of nozzles 4, and the other end of the gas pipe N 6 extends out of the battery compartment 5 to be respectively connected to the gaseous fire extinguishing agent bottle Y 12 and the external firewater port 11. The solenoid valve s 10 is disposed at a water outlet end of the external firewater port 11. The solenoid valve N 20, the solenoid valve d 23, the detector D 2, the combination detector C 3, the combination detector B 7, the combination detector A 14, the solenoid valve a 9, the solenoid valve b 8, and the solenoid valve s 10 are respectively electrically connected to the central controller 17.
In the description of the present invention, it needs to be understood that orientation or location relationships indicated by terms “up”, “middle”, “outside”, and “inside” are only used to facilitate description of the present invention and simplify description, but are not used to indicate or imply that the components or elements must have specific orientations or are constructed and operated by using specific orientations, and therefore, cannot be understood as a limit to the present invention.
For a person skilled in the art, apparently, the present invention is not limited to the details in the foregoing exemplary embodiments, and the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic features of the present invention. Therefore, from all perspectives, the embodiments should be considered to be exemplary and non-limitative. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims instead of the foregoing description. Therefore, all changes that fall within the meanings and scope of equivalent elements of the claims are intended to be covered by the present invention. Any reference numeral in the claims should not be construed as limiting the related claims.
In addition, it should be understood that although the specification is described according to the implementations, each implementation does not necessarily include only one independent technical solution. The description manner of the specification is only used for clarity, and a person skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in the embodiments may be appropriately combined to form other implementations comprehensible to a person skilled in the art.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 202210581218.5 | May 2022 | CN | national |
