Patent Grant
10576693
Reference is also hereby made to U.S. Design patent application Ser. No. 29/381,753, filed on Dec. 22, 2010, and issued as U.S. Design Pat. No. D660,353.
The present disclosure relates to additive manufacturing systems for building three-dimensional (3D) parts with layer-based, additive manufacturing techniques. In particular, the present disclosure relates to print head assemblies for use in fused deposition modeling systems.
A fused deposition modeling system is used to build a 3D part or model from a digital representation of the 3D part in a layer-by-layer manner by extruding a flowable part material. The part material is extruded through an extrusion tip carried by an extrusion head, and is deposited as a sequence of roads on a substrate in an x-y plane. The extruded part material fuses to previously deposited modeling material, and solidifies upon a drop in temperature. The position of the extrusion head relative to the substrate is then incremented along a z-axis (perpendicular to the x-y plane), and the process is then repeated to form a 3D part resembling the digital representation.
Movement of the extrusion head with respect to the substrate is performed under computer control, in accordance with build data that represents the 3D part. The build data is obtained by initially slicing the digital representation of the 3D part into multiple horizontally sliced layers. Then, for each sliced layer, the host computer generates a build path for depositing roads of modeling material to form the 3D part.
In fabricating 3D parts by depositing layers of a modeling material, supporting layers or structures are typically built underneath overhanging portions or in cavities of objects under construction, which are not supported by the part material itself. A support structure may be built utilizing the same deposition techniques by which the part material is deposited. The host computer generates additional geometry acting as a support structure for the overhanging or free-space segments of the 3D part being formed. Support material is then deposited from a second nozzle pursuant to the generated geometry during the build process. The support material adheres to the modeling material during fabrication, and is removable from the completed 3D part when the build process is complete.
An aspect of the present disclosure is directed to a print head assembly for use in a fused deposition modeling system. The print head assembly includes a carriage frame configured to be retained by a gantry mechanism of the fused deposition modeling system, and a receptacle. The receptacle is configured to securely retain a removable print head in a manner that prevents the retained print head from moving relative to the receptacle during operation of the fused deposition modeling system. The print head assembly also includes at least one suspension mechanism operably connected to the carriage frame, where the receptacle is supported by the at least one suspension mechanism, and where the at least one suspension mechanism is configured to restrict movement of the receptacle relative to the carriage frame to directions substantially along a single axis. The print head assembly further includes a toggle mechanism configured to move the receptacle relative to the carriage frame in the directions substantially along the single axis.
Another aspect of the present disclosure is directed to a print head for use in a fused deposition modeling system. The print head includes a cartridge assembly having a guide tube port configured to receive a filament guide tube, and at least one electrical port. The print head also includes a liquefier pump assembly extending into the cartridge assembly and aligned with the guide tube port, and a circuit board disposed within the cartridge assembly and accessible through the at least one electrical port, where the circuit board is electrically communication with the liquefier pump assembly.
The present disclosure is directed to a print head assembly for use in a fused deposition modeling system. The print head assembly includes a moveable, print head carriage and multiple, replaceable print heads that are configured to be removably retained by the print head carriage. As discussed below, the print head carriage includes a carriage frame and at least one, and more desirably two or more print head buckets or receptacles that are configured to receive and retain the removable print heads.
The receptacles may be supported by the carriage frame in a manner that prevents or otherwise restricts the receptacles from moving relative to the carriage frame along an axis or plane (e.g., a horizontal plane). In one embodiment, the receptacles are also supported by the carriage frame in a manner that allows the receptacles to move relative to the carriage along at least one axis (e.g., along a vertical axis), providing a single degree of freedom for movement. Additionally, the receptacles desirably lock the received print heads to prevent their shifting relative to the receptacles. While the print heads are retained in the receptacles of the print head carriage, the fused disposition modeling system may build 3D parts and support structures using the fused deposition modeling technique.
The present disclosure is also directed to one or more voice coil mechanisms of the print head assembly, where each voice coil mechanism is configured to raise and lower a receptacle and the received print head relative to the carriage frame. This toggling technique allows the fused deposition modeling system to switch between part material extrusion and support material extrusion with precise control of the vertical movements.
As discussed below, each voice coil mechanism may include one or more magnet sets disposed between ferromagnetic plates, where the magnet set(s) are configured to generate magnetic fields. Each voice coil mechanism may also include a voice coil disposed within the generated magnetic fields and configured to move relative to the generated magnetic fields based on an intensity and direction of an electrical current induced through the voice coil. In one embodiment, the voice coil is retained by the receptacle and the magnet set(s) are retained by the carriage frame. In this embodiment, the movement of the voice coil relative to the generated magnetic fields may move the receptacle and received print head relative to the carriage frame to toggle the print head between one or more raised and lowered elevations.
The present disclosure is also directed to a removable print head for use with the print head carriage and the fused deposition modeling system, and a method of assembling the print head. The print head is configured to be received and retained in the receptacle of the print head carriage, and has a liquefier pump assembly that may include a self-aligning feature to align a received filament with a liquefier portion of the liquefier pump assembly. In one embodiment, the print head may also include a flow pathway configured to direct an air flow through the print head. As discussed below, these arrangements allow the print head to efficiently feed, melt, and extrude successive portions of filaments of part and support materials.
Build chamber 12 is an enclosed environment that contains platen 14 for building a 3D part or model 24 and a corresponding support structure 26 with part and support consumable materials (e.g., thermoplastic materials). Build chamber 12 is desirably heated to reduce the rate at which the part and support materials solidify after being extruded and deposited (e.g., to reduce distortions and curling). In alternative embodiments, build chamber 12 may be omitted and/or replaced with different types of build environments. For example, 3D part 24 and support structure 26 may be built in a build environment that is open to ambient conditions or may be enclosed with alternative structures (e.g., flexible curtains). The build environment may also be heatable in a variety of manners (e.g., with heated circulating air, heat lamps, and the like).
Platen 14 is a gantry-moveable platform on which 3D part 24 and support structure 26 are built, and moves along a vertical z-axis based on signals provided from a computer-operated controller (referred to as controller 28). Controller 28 is one or more processor-based controllers, which may communicate with build chamber 12, platen 14, gantry 16, and carriage 18 over communication line 30. While illustrated as a single signal line, communication line 30 may include one or more signal lines, allowing controller 28 to communicate with various components of system 10, such as build chamber 12, platen 14, gantry 16, and carriage 18. Furthermore, while illustrated outside of system 10, controller 28 and communication line 30 may be internal components to system 10.
Gantry 16 is a guide-rail, gantry mechanism configured to move carriage 18 in a horizontal x-y plane above build chamber 12 based on signals provided from controller 28 (via communication line 30). The horizontal x-y plane is a plane defined by an x-axis and a y-axis, where the x-axis, the y-axis, and the z-axis are orthogonal to each other. In an alternative embodiment, platen 14 may be configured to move in the horizontal x-y plane within build chamber 12, and carriage 18 may be configured to move along the z-axis. Other similar arrangements may also be used such that one or both of platen 14 and carriage 18 are moveable relative to each other.
In the shown embodiment, when mounted in gantry 16, the front side of carriage 18 faces the rear side of system 10. For ease of discussion, the following disclosure is made with reference to particular orientations within an x-y-z Cartesian coordinate system, based on the orientation of carriage 18 and its corresponding print head assembly. However, the print head assembly of the present disclosure may alternatively be positioned and operated in a variety of different orientations and/or coordinate systems.
Carriage 18 is supported by gantry 16 for building 3D parts (e.g., 3D part 24) and corresponding support structures (e.g., support structure 26) on platen 14 in a layer-by-layer manner, based on signals provided from controller 28. In the shown embodiment, carriage 18 is retained within cowling 31, which is a casing (e.g., a plastic and/or metallic casing) that laterally extends around carriage 18 to protect carriage 18, while also allowing a user to access to carriage 18. As discussed below, carriage 18 is configured to receive one or more removable print heads, where the print heads are each configured to receive and melt successive portions of part and support material filaments.
Consumable assemblies 20 and 22 are removable and replaceable container devices configured to retain supplies of the part and support materials for building 3D parts (e.g., 3D part 24) and support structures (e.g., support structure 26), and may be respectively loaded into bays 20a and 22a of system 10. In the shown embodiment, consumable assembly 20 includes container portion 32, guide tube 34, and print head 36, where container portion 32 is mountable within bay 20a and print head 36 is inserted or otherwise loaded into carriage 18. Guide tube 34 interconnects container portion 32 and print head 36 to supply successive segments of a part material filament from container portion 32 to print head 36.
Correspondingly, consumable assembly 22 includes container portion 38, guide tube 40, and printer head 42, where container portion 38 is mountable within bay 22a and print head 42 is inserted or otherwise loaded into carriage 18, adjacent to print head 36. Guide tube 40 interconnects container portion 38 and print head 42 to supply successive segments of a support material filament from container portion 38 to print head 42.
In the shown example, suitable assemblies for consumable assemblies 20 and 22 include those disclosed in Swanson, U.S. Publication No. 2010/0283172 and International Publication No. WO2009/088995, which are incorporated by reference in their entireties to the extent that they do not conflict with the present disclosure. As disclosed in these references, print heads 36 and 42 may be provided as subcomponents of consumable assemblies 20 and 22. When container portions 32 and 38 are respectively loaded to bays 20a and 22a, print heads 36 and 42 may be manipulated and loaded into carriage 18.
The combination of carriage 18 and print heads 36 and 42 are collectively referred to herein as print head assembly 43. Accordingly, after print head 36 is inserted or otherwise loaded into carriage 18, successive portions of a part material (e.g., a part material filament) may be fed from container portion 32 to print head 36 through guide tube 34. Similarly, after print head 42 is inserted or otherwise loaded into carriage 18, successive portions of a support material (e.g., a support material filament) may be fed to print head 42 from container portion 38 through guide tube 40.
As the part and support materials are selectively fed to print heads 36 and 42, gantry 16 may move carriage 18 (and the retained print heads 36 and 42) around in the horizontal x-y plane above build chamber 12. Print head 36 thermally melts the successive portions of the received part material, thereby allowing the molten part material to be extruded and deposited on to platen 14 to build 3D part 24. Similarly, print head 42 thermally melts the successive portions of the support material, thereby allowing the molten support material to be extruded and deposited on to platen 14 to build support structure 26.
The extruded part and support materials are deposited onto platen 14 to build 3D part 24 and support structure 26 in a layer-based manner using the fused deposition modeling technique. Support structure 26 is desirably deposited to provide vertical support along the z-axis for overhanging regions of the layers of 3D part 24. After the build operation is complete, the resulting 3D part 24 and support structure 26 may be removed from build chamber 12, and support structure 26 may be removed from 3D part 24. 3D part 23 may then undergo one or more additional post-processing steps, such as the surface-treatment processes disclosed in Priedeman, et al., U.S. Publication Nos. 2005/0173838 and No. 2008/0169585.
The following discussion of system 10 is made with reference to consumable assemblies 20 and 22 that include print heads (i.e., print heads 36 and 42) as subcomponents of the consumable assemblies. However, in alternative embodiments, print heads 36 and 42 may be removable print heads that are separate from container portions 32 and 38 and/or guide tubes 34 and 40. In these embodiments, suitable assemblies (e.g., spooled containers) for consumable assemblies 20 and 22 include those disclosed in Swanson, U.S. Publication No. 2010/0283172 and International Publication No. WO2009/088995, as well as those disclosed in Swanson et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,923,634; Comb et al., U.S. Pat. No. 7,122,246; and Taatjes et al, U.S. Publication Nos. 2010/0096485 and 2010/0096489.
As shown in
Receptacles 46 and 48 are the components of carriage 18 that respectively retain print heads 36 and 42, and may also be molded or cast from one or more metallic and/or plastic materials. Print head 36 includes cartridge assembly 60 and liquefier pump assembly 62, where a rear portion of cartridge assembly 60 is retained within receptacle 46 and liquefier pump assembly 62 extends downward from a front portion of cartridge assembly 60. Similarly, print head 42 includes cartridge assembly 64 and liquefier pump assembly 66, where a rear portion of cartridge assembly 64 is retained within receptacle 48 and liquefier pump assembly 66 extends downward from a front portion of cartridge assembly 64. Liquefier pump assemblies 62 and 66 respectively include tip ends 62a and 66a, and outlet vents 62b and 66b.
In the shown embodiment, print heads 36 and 42 are minor images of each other. This reduces the risk of inserting the incorrect print head into a given receptacle. In comparison, in the shown embodiment, receptacles 46 and 48 are identical or substantially identical, allowing the same mold to be used to manufacture the components of both receptacles 46 and 48. In alternative embodiments, print heads 36 and 42, and receptacles 46 and 48 may exhibit different designs such that print heads 36 and 42 may be received and retained by receptacles 46 and 48 in the manners discussed below.
Receptacle 46 includes base portion 68 and lid 70, where lid 70 is hingedly connected to an upper rear section of base portion 68 with hinge connection 72, allowing lid 70 to open and close relative to base portion 68. Prior to use in system 10 (shown in
Lid 70 includes lock clamps 74 and pinch actuator 76. When closed against base portion 68 (as shown in
Receptacle 48 includes base portion 78 and lid 80, where lid 80 is hingedly connected to an upper rear section of base portion 78 with hinge connection 82, allowing lid 80 to open and close relative to base portion 78. Prior to use in system 10, cartridge assembly 64 (of print head 42) may be inserted or otherwise loaded into base portion 78 and lid 80 may be closed down over the rear portion of cartridge assembly 64 to secure print head 42 to receptacle 48.
Lid 80 includes lock clamps 84 and pinch actuator 86. When closed against base portion 78 (as shown in
Receptacles 46 and 48 desirably prevent print heads 36 and 42 from shifting around within receptacles 46 and 48 while lids 70 and 80 are closed. System 10 is configured to build 3D part 24 and support structure 26 with high-resolution features. To attain such high-resolution features, print heads 36 and 42 are desirably locked to carriage frame 44 in a manner that prevents unintentional shifting of print heads 36 and 42 relative to carriage frame 44 in the horizontal x-y plane. Otherwise, even small amounts of unintentional horizontal shifting by either of print heads 36 and 42 may result in deposition road errors in the formed layers of 3D part 24 and support structure 26.
In current commercial fused deposition modeling systems, such as those commercially available from Stratasys, Inc., Eden Prairie, Minn., the extrusion or print heads are secured to the moveable gantry carriages using screws or other fasteners. These print heads are typically not uninstalled from the moveable gantry carriages other than for maintenance, cleaning, or other similar purposes. In such situations, after being reinstalled to the moveable gantry carriages, the print heads are typically calibrated before each build run to reduce the risk of deposition road errors. Since the print heads are securely installed to the moveable gantry carriages, they pose little risk of shifting relative to the moveable gantry carriages during the build runs.
In comparison, print heads 36 and 42 are intended to be readily removed and replaced when their consumable materials are exhausted. This replaceable nature of print heads 36 and 42 poses an added challenge to maintaining proper registration between print heads 36 and 42 and carriage frame 44 during build runs. This challenge is further increased since print heads 36 and 42 (and receptacles 46 and 48) are also moveable along the vertical z-axis via voice coil mechanisms 52 and 54.
Accordingly, as discussed below, carriage 18 is configured to receive multiple, replaceable print heads print heads 36 and 42, and to securely lock the received print heads 36 and 42 to prevent their unintentional shifting relative to carriage frame 44 in the horizontal x-y plane. In particular, when lids 70 and 80 are closed, receptacles 46 and 48 securely lock print heads 36 and 42, which prevents print heads 36 and 42 from moving relative to receptacles 46 and 48 in any direction.
Receptacles 46 and 48 themselves are suspended from carriage frame 44 in a manner that allows controlled movement of receptacles 46 and 48 (and print heads 36 and 42) relative to carriage frame 44 along the vertical z-axis via voice coil mechanisms 52 and 54, while also preventing unintentional movement of receptacles 46 and 48 (and print heads 36 and 42) relative to carriage frame 44 in the horizontal x-y plane. For example, receptacles 46 and 48 may be suspended from carriage frame 44 with upper flexure 88, located behind the upper rear sections of receptacles 46 and 48, as discussed below. As used herein, phrases such as “preventing movement or shifting of the print heads” and the like are intended to encompass insubstantial amounts of movement or shifting as is understood by those skilled in the art, such that the movements or shifting of the print heads do not substantially affect the resolutions of the 3D parts or support structures.
Voice coil mechanisms 52 and 54 are toggle mechanisms configured to controllably move receptacles 46 and 48 (and print heads 36 and 42) upward and downward along the vertical z-axis, independently of each other. As discussed in Leavitt, U.S. Pat. No. 7,625,200, toggle mechanisms, such as voice coil mechanisms 52 and 54, allow print heads 36 and 42 to each switch between a lowered, active state for extruding a material and a raised, passive state. In one embodiment, as discussed below, voice coil mechanisms 52 and 54 each include one or more magnet sets (not shown in
Voice coil mechanisms 52 and 54 may each also include a voice coil (not shown in
Control board 50 is a printed circuit board or other similar device secured to the rear side of carriage frame 44. As shown, control board 50 includes interfaces 90 and 91, where interfaces 90 may be operably connected to communication line 30 (shown in
Interfaces 91 are electrical interfaces that allow electrical power to be relayed from control board 50 to cooling units 56 and 58 over additional electrical connections (e.g., cables, not shown). As also discussed below, control board 50 may include one or more position encoders for tracking or otherwise monitoring the positions of print heads 36 and 42 relative to carriage 18 and control board 50 (e.g., vertical positions).
Cooling units 56 and 58 are fan-based units secured to gantry 16 and/or carriage frame 44 (e.g., with screws 92). Cooling units 56 and 58 are configured to create and direct air flows into print heads 36 and 42. For example, cooling unit 56 may draw air into cartridge assembly 60 of print head 36, where the air is then directed downward through liquefier pump assembly 62 and out of outlet vents 62b. Similarly, cooling unit 58 may draw air into cartridge assembly 64 of print head 42, where the air is then directed downward through liquefier pump assembly 66 and out of outlet vents 66b. The forced air flows cool the internal components of print heads 36 and 42 and prevent the part and support materials from prematurely melting. In alternative embodiments, other types of cooling units may be used for cooling units 56 and 58, which may be fan-based units or non-fan-based units (e.g., refrigeration-based units).
Lids 70 and 80 of receptacles 46 and 48 also include electrical interfaces 94 and 96, which are located on the outer surfaces of lids 70 and 80, adjacent to the top rear side of carriage 18. As shown in
In the shown embodiment, carriage 18 also includes upper flexure 88, which is a flexible metallic or plastic member that is secured to carriage frame 44. As discussed below, upper flexure 88 and a lower flexure (not shown in
As shown in
Base portion 68 of receptacle 46 includes tab member 110 extending rearwardly from the body of base portion 68, and is secured to flexure segment 106 with screw 112 or other similar fastener. Screw 112 couples receptacle 46 to flexure segment 106, which allows receptacle 46 and print head 36 to move upwards and downwards (via voice coil mechanism 52, shown in
Base portion 78 of receptacle 48 includes tab member 114 extending rearwardly from the body of base portion 78, and is secured to flexure segment 108 with screw 116 or other similar fastener. Screw 116 couples receptacle 48 to flexure segment 108, which allows receptacle 48 and print head 42 to move upwards and downwards (via voice coil mechanism 54, shown in
During assembly of carriage 18, upper flexure 88 may be positioned on carriage frame 44 as shown in
As shown in
Carriage 18 also includes lower flexure 124, which, in the shown embodiment, has an H-shape geometry. Lower flexure 124 is a flexible metallic or plastic member disposed vertically between the bottom surfaces of base portions 68 and 78 and the bottom portion of carriage frame 44.
As shown in
Central segment 126 includes openings 130 and 132 respectively at the front and rear ends of central segment 126. Openings 130 and 132 are attachment points for securing central segment 126 to carriage frame 44 (shown in
As shown in
Arm 128c is aligned with a rear section of base portion 68 with alignment pins 146 that extend through pin slots 136c (both partially obstructed by carriage frame 44 in
In addition, lower flexure 124 may be aligned with and secured to carriage frame 44 at bottom openings 154a and 154b of carriage frame 44 with screws and/or pins (not shown) or other similar fasteners. Openings 154a and 154b extend along the y-axis and are aligned with openings 130 and 132 of lower flexure 124. Accordingly, during assembly of carriage 18, lower flexure 124 may be positioned along carriage frame 44 as shown in
Arms 128a-128d are each configured to flex upward, downward, or a combination of upward and downward along the vertical z-axis relative to carriage frame 44, where arms 128a and 128c (secured to base portion 68) may flex together and arms 128b and 128d (secured to base portion 78) may flex together. Accordingly, arms 128a and 128c (along with flexure segment 106 of upper flexure 88, shown in
While illustrated with a pair of flexures (i.e., upper flexure 88 and lower flexure 124) that provide three connection points for each receptacle 46 and 48, carriage 18 may alternatively include additional flexures and/or additional connection points to further prevent movement of receptacles 46 and 48 relative to carriage frame 44 in the horizontal x-y plane. For example, carriage 18 may alternatively include a pair of upper flexures and a pair of lower flexures for each receptacle, where each upper and lower flexure is operably secured to carriage frame 44. This provides four connection points for each receptacle, thereby further preventing horizontal movement, while allowing controlled vertical movement with voice coil mechanisms 52 and 54.
In additional alternative embodiments, one or both of upper flexure 88 and lower flexure 124 may be replaced with alternative mechanisms that are configured to suspend base portions 68 and 78 from carriage frame 44, while also preventing or restricting movement of base portions 68 and 78 in the horizontal x-y plane relative to carriage frame 44 (and preventing roll, pitch, and yaw movements). For example, upper flexure 88 may be replaced with a rigid member that pivotably interconnects base portions 68 and 78 with carriage frame 44 in a seesaw or lever-based manner.
In this embodiment, the rigid member may be pivotably connected to carriage frame 44 at the location of screw 104b (shown in
As In further alternative embodiments, the rigid member may be replaced with a pair of independent rigid members, which may be pivotably connected to carriage frame 44, and separately connected to tab members 110 and 114 of base portions 68 and 78. This arrangement allows print heads 36 and 42 to be toggled independently of each other. In yet further alternative embodiments, carriage 18 may include vertical linear bearings or bushings to prevent or restrict horizontal movement of base portions 68 and 78 relative to carriage frame 44, while also allowing vertical movement.
As further shown in
In the example shown in
Suitable distances between raised elevation 162 and lowered elevation 164 (referred to as distance 165) include at least about 0.5 millimeters, with particularly suitable distances 165 ranging from about 1.0 millimeters to about 3.0 millimeters, and with even more particularly suitable distances 165 ranging from about 1.3 millimeters to about 2.0 millimeters. The terms “about” and “substantially” are used herein with respect to measurable values and ranges due to expected variations known to those skilled in the art (e.g., limitations and variabilities in measurements). The raised elevation of tip end 62a relative to tip end 66a prevents tip end 62a from contacting the formed layers of 3D part 24 (shown in
After a given layer of support structure 26 is completed, controller 28 (shown in
Controller 28 may also direct voice coil mechanism 52 to lower receptacle 46 and print head 36 downward along the vertical z-axis from raised elevation 162 to lowered elevation 164 (or other suitable lowered elevation along the vertical z-axis), as illustrated by arrow 166a. Flexure segment 106 of upper flexure 88 and arms 128a and 128c of lower flexure 124 accordingly flex downward along with receptacle 46 and print head 36.
At this point in the build process, print head 36 is in an active state for extruding the part material and print head 42 is in a passive state in which print head 42 does not extrude the support material. The raised elevation of tip end 66a relative to tip end 62a prevents tip end 66a from contacting the formed layers of 3D part 24 or support structure 26 while carriage 18 is moved around in the horizontal x-y plane above build chamber 12.
After a given layer(s) of 3D part 24 is completed, controller 28 may then direct voice coil mechanism 52 to raise receptacle 46 and print head 36 upward along the vertical z-axis from lowered elevation 164 to raised elevation 162 (or other suitable raised elevation along the vertical z-axis). Controller 28 may also direct voice coil mechanism 54 to lower receptacle 48 and print head 42 downward along the vertical z-axis from raised elevation 162 to lowered elevation 164 (or other suitable lowered elevation along the vertical z-axis). This toggling places print head 42 back into the lowered, active state and places print head 36 back into the raised, passive state.
Print heads 36 and 42 may then continue to toggle interchangeably between the active and passive states with the use of voice coil mechanisms 52 and 54, where movement of print heads 36 and 42 are restricted to directions substantially along the vertical z-axis by upper flexure 88 and lower flexure 124. In alternative embodiments, the toggling process may be performed with the use of a single voice coil mechanism. For example, print head 36 may be fixed at a given elevation (voice coil mechanism 52 may be omitted), and voice coil mechanism 54 may move print head 42 between a lowered elevation and a raised elevation that are respectively below and above the fixed elevation of print head 36. Platen 14 may then be raised and lowered during the toggling process to accommodate the different elevations of print heads 36 and 42. However, the use of two voice coil mechanisms (i.e., voice coil mechanisms 52 and 54) allows the tip positions of print heads 36 and 42 (i.e., at tip ends 62a and 66a) to be independently calibrated, such as when one of print heads 26 and 42 needs to be replaced during the middle of a build run.
As further shown in
Base portions 68 and 78 include vent openings 170 and 172, which are openings through the lateral walls of base portions 68 and 78. The outside vent openings 170 and 172 allow air from cooling units 56 and 58 (shown above in
Lid 80 is depicted in
Lid 80 also includes circuit board 174, which is secured to the inside surface of lid 80 with screws 176 or other similar fasteners. Circuit board 174 is a printed circuit board or other similar device coupled to electrical interface 96 (shown in
Lids 70 and 80 also include recessed lips 180 and 182, where recessed lip 180 is disposed between latch clamps 74 and recessed lip 182 is disposed between latch clamps 84. Recessed lips 180 and 182 have geometries configured to mate with cartridge assemblies 60 and 64 when print heads 36 and 42 are inserted in base portions 68 and 70, as illustrated above in
Base portions 68 and 78 may each include one or more alignment features configured engage with reciprocating alignment features of print heads 36 and 42. For example, base portion 68 includes alignment cones 184, and base portion 78 includes alignment cones 186. Alignment cones 184 and 186 upward protrusions that engage with reciprocating slots in print heads 36 and 42 (not shown in
When lids 70 and 80 are closed, print heads 36 and 42 are pressed downward into base portions 68 and 78 to fully engage alignment cones 184 an 186. This secures print heads 36 and 42 within receptacles 68 and 78 and prevents horizontal and vertical movement of print heads 36 and 42 relative to receptacles 68 and 78, respectively (as well as preventing roll, pitch, and yaw movements). In alternative embodiments, print heads 36 and 42 may include alignment cones and base portions 68 and 78 may include the reciprocating slots.
As further shown in
Base portions 68 and 78 also include floor gaps 196 and 198, which are top-down openings in the floors of base portions 68 and 78. Lower extensions 118 and 120 are accessible from above through floor gaps 196 and 198. As such, the voice coils (not shown) of voice coil mechanisms 52 and 54 may be inserted into lower extensions 118 and 120 through floor gaps 196 and 198 to mount the voice coils in lower extensions 118 and 120.
As shown in
As shown in
A user may open lid 70 by squeezing pinch actuator 76, as illustrated by arrows 214. This biases latch clamps 74 in the direction of arrow 216 due to bridge member 208, where the biasing releases latch clamps 74 from latch hooks 212. The release of latch clamps 74 unlocks lid 70 from base portion 68, which allows lid 70 to be opened by pivoting around hinge connection 72, as illustrated by arrow 218.
After print head 36 is inserted or otherwise loaded into base portion 68, the user may then close lid 70, by pivoting lid 70 around hinge connection 72 in a direction that is opposite of arrow 218. When latch clamps 74 of lid 70 reaches beveled surfaces 212, the increasing slopes of beveled surfaces 212 in a direction along the y-axis increasingly bias latch clamps 74 in the direction of arrow 216 (in a similar manner to squeezing pinch actuator 76). Upon passing below beveled surfaces 212, latch clamps 74 snap lock with latch hooks 210, thereby locking lid 70 closed against base portion 68.
When closed and locked with latch clamps 74 and latch hooks 210, receptacle 46 securely locks and retains print head 36 in a manner that prevents print head 36 from moving relative to receptacle 46 in any direction. As discussed above, this arrangement is suitable for preventing unintentional horizontal and vertical shifting, as well as preventing roll, pitch, and yaw movements.
Examples of suitable optical encoder assemblies for optical encoder assembly 220 and the second optical encoder assembly include those disclosed in Batchelder, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/312,737, entitled “Incremental Optical Encoder”, and which is incorporated by reference in its entirety to the extent that it does not conflict with the present disclosure. Optical sensor assembly 220 includes sensor array 122a and sensor target 222. As discussed above, sensor array 122a is retained on the front surface of control board 50, and includes knife-edge electronics for operating optical sensor assembly 220 (e.g., light emitters, photoreceptors, and processors).
Sensor target 222 is a panel secured to the rear side of base portion 68. In the shown embodiment, sensor target 222 includes a reflective or light-colored surface (e.g., reflective sheet metal, silicon minor, and the like) and a non-reflective or dark surface or opening, where the reflective surface is located either above or below the non-reflective surface or opening. In either arrangement, the position of receptacle 46 along the vertical z-axis may be determined based on the locations of the surfaces of sensor target 222 relative to sensor array 122a.
The second optical encoder assembly for receptacle 48 may function in the same manner as optical encoder assembly 220. As discussed above, sensor array 122b (shown in
As further shown in
Upper magnets 224 and 226 are oriented to generate an upper magnetic field with field lines in a first direction (e.g., in the direction of arrow 231a), and which may close through rear plate 167. Lower magnets 228 and 230 are oriented to generate a lower magnetic field with field lines oriented in a second direction (e.g., in the direction of arrow 231b) that are opposite in polarity from the upper magnetic field, and which may close through front plate 158. Upper magnets 224 and 226 and lower magnets 228 and 230 may alternatively be positioned in their reciprocating orientations, such that the upper magnetic field extends in the direction of arrow 231b and the lower magnetic field extends in the direction of arrow 231a.
As shown, upper magnets 224 and 226 face each other, and lower magnets 228 and 230 face each other. In the shown embodiment, front plate 158, rear plate 167, upper magnets 224 and 226, and lower magnets 228 and 230 are retained by carriage frame 44 and do not move with receptacle 46. Voice coil mechanism 52 also includes voice coil 232, which is a coil of wire or other coiled assembly that is secured to and supported by lower extension 118 of receptacle 46. This allows receptacle 46 to move with voice coil 232 relative to carriage frame 44.
In the shown embodiment, voice coil mechanisms 52 and 54 may function as voice coil actuators, where receptacle 48 is illustrated in
For example, if an electrical current is passed in a first rotational direction around voice coil 232, the magnetic fields generated by upper magnets 224 and 226 and lower magnets 228 and 230 force voice coil 232 upward relative to carriage frame 44. Because voice coil 232 is secured to lower extension 118 of receptacle 46, the upward force on voice coil 232 correspondingly forces receptacle 46 and print head 36 to move upward relative to carriage frame 44. Alternatively, if an electrical current is passed in a second and opposite rotational direction around voice coil 232, the magnetic fields generated by upper magnets 224 and 226 and lower magnets 228 and 230 force voice coil 232 downward, thereby moving receptacle 46 and print head 36 downward relative to carriage frame 44.
Voice coil mechanism 54 may function in the same manner as voice coil mechanism 52 to move receptacle 48 and print head 42 upward and downward relative to carriage frame 44 based on electrical currents induced through voice coil 238. The use of voice coils 232 and 238 in this manner provide fine-positioning control of the vertical movements for receptacles 46 and 48, independently of each other. As discussed above, the fine-positioning control is desirable to maintain proper vertical registration of print heads 36 and 42.
Moreover, voice coil mechanisms 52 and 54 may be have additional utilities beyond toggling print heads 36 and 42 between lowered, active states and raised, passive states. For example, in some embodiments, voice coil mechanisms 52 and 54 may each be used to compensate for potential backlash in the coarse, z-axis positioner of the gantry for platen 14 (shown in
Additionally, voice coil mechanisms 52 and 54 may used in applications in which print heads 36 and 42 may require rapid vertical accelerations, such as when reaching ends of tool paths. For example, when print head 36 reaches an end of a tool path and the extrusion is halted, voice coil mechanism 52 may rapidly toggle print head 36 upward (e.g., at about 3 g-forces) to break off the string of extruded material that may otherwise trail after the tip of print head 36. Voice coil mechanism 54 may function in a similar manner.
In alternative embodiments, the components of voice coil mechanisms 52 and 54 that are retained by lower extensions 118 and 120 may vary. For example, in one embodiment, front plate 158, rear plate 167, upper magnets 224 and 226, and lower magnets 228 and 230 may be retained by lower extension 118, thereby allowing these components to move with receptacle 46. In this embodiment, voice coil 232 may then be retained by carriage frame 44. A similar arrangement may be used for voice coil mechanism 54 as well. In additional alternative embodiments, one or both of voice coil mechanisms 52 and 54 may includes ferrofluids or other similar compositions having small-scale ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic particles suspended in carrier fluids (e.g., water and organic solvents).
Referring to the above-discussed toggling example (see
Flexure segment 108 of upper flexure 88 and arms 128b and 128d of lower flexure 124 accordingly flex upward along with receptacle 48 and print head 42 to reach un-flexed and level states. The engagements between base portions 68 and 78 with carriage frame 44 may also define upper and lower hard stops (i.e., physical stopping points) at raised elevation 162 and lowered elevation 164. For example, base portion 68 (and/or lower extension 118) may be raised upward until contacting a downward-facing member of carriage frame 44 corresponding to raised elevation 162, and may be lowered downward until contacting an upward-facing member of carriage frame 44 corresponding to lower elevation 164.
Similarly, base portion 78 (and/or lower extension 120) may be raised upward until contacting a downward-facing member of carriage frame 44 corresponding to raised elevation 162, and may be lowered downward until contacting an upward-facing member of carriage frame 44 corresponding to lower elevation 164. Thus, these hard stop locations may correspond to prevent further vertical movement of either print head 36 or 42 above raised elevation 162 or below lowered elevation 164. Accordingly, when the upper hard stop for base portion 78 is reached, control board 50 may hold the intensity of the electrical current through voice coil 238. This braces base portion 78 against the upper hard stop, and maintains the intended elevation (e.g., raised elevation 162).
Additionally, the second optical encoder assembly (having sensor array 222b, shown in
Controller 28 may also direct voice coil mechanism 52 to lower receptacle 46 and print head 36 downward along the vertical z-axis from raised elevation 162. In particular, controller 28 may direct carriage 18 (through control board 50) to induce an electrical current through voice coil 232 in a first rotational direction. The magnetic fields around voice coil 232 force voice coil 232 and receptacle 46 (and print head 36) downward, as illustrated by arrow 166a.
Flexure segment 106 of upper flexure 88 and arms 128a and 128c of lower flexure 124 accordingly flex downward along with receptacle 46 and print head 36. When the lower hard stop for base portion 68 is reached, optical control board 50 may hold the intensity of the current through voice coil 232. This braces base portion 68 against the lower hard stop, and maintains the intended elevation (e.g., lowered elevation 164). Additionally, optical encoder assembly 220 may measure the vertical position of receptacle 46 and print head. The measured vertical position may also be used for a variety of functions, such as for maintaining registration and for maintaining constant elevations along the vertical z-axis by servoing voice coil mechanism 52 with the measured signals from the second optical encoder assembly.
After a given layer(s) of 3D part 24 is completed, controller 28 may then direct voice coil mechanism 52 to raise receptacle 46 and print head 36 upward along the vertical z-axis from lowered elevation 164. To accomplish this, controller 28 may direct carriage 18 (through control board 50) to induce an electrical current through voice coil 232 in a second rotational direction that is opposite of the first rotational direction of the electrical current previously applied to voice coil 232. The magnetic fields around voice coil 232 accordingly force voice coil 212 and receptacle 46 (and print head 36) upward.
Flexure segment 106 of upper flexure 88 and arms 128a and 128c of lower flexure 124 accordingly flex upward along with receptacle 46 and print head 36 to reach un-flexed and level states. When the upper hard stop for base portion 68 is reached, control board 50 may hold the intensity of the electrical current through voice coil 232. This braces base portion 68 against the upper hard stop, and maintains the intended elevation (e.g., raised elevation 162). Additionally, optical encoder assembly 220 may measure the vertical position of receptacle 46 and print head 36.
Correspondingly, controller 28 may also direct voice coil mechanism 54 to lower receptacle 48 and print head 42 downward along the vertical z-axis from raised elevation 162. In particular, controller 28 may direct carriage 18 (through control board 50) to induce a current through voice coil 238 in a second rotational direction that is opposite of the first rotational direction of the electrical current previously applied to voice coil 238. The magnetic fields around voice coil 238 accordingly force voice coil 238 and receptacle 48 (and print head 42) downward.
Flexure segment 108 of upper flexure 88 and arms 128b and 128d of lower flexure 124 accordingly flex downward along with receptacle 48 and print head 42. When the lower hard stop for base portion 78 is reached, control board 50 may hold the intensity of the electrical current through voice coil 238. This braces base portion 68 against the lower hard stop, and maintains the intended elevation (e.g., lowered elevation 164). Additionally, the second optical encoder assembly may measure the vertical position of receptacle 48 and print head 42.
Due to their independent operations, voice coil mechanisms 52 and 54 may raise and lower receptacles 46 and 48 at the same time in a reciprocating manner, if desired. This reduces the time required to toggle print heads 36 and 42 between build runs. Furthermore, the combination of voice coil mechanisms 52 and 54, along with upper flexure 88 and lower flexure 124 provide precise control of vertical movement for receptacles 46 and 48, while also preventing unintentional horizontal movement of receptacles 46 and 48 (and print heads 36 and 42) relative to carriage frame 44. This allows system 10 to build 3D part 24 and support structure 26 with high-resolution features, while also allowing print heads 36 and 42 to be readily removed and replaced with new print heads 36 and 42.
As further shown in
Electrical ports 254 are openings through housing cover 246 that provide access to a circuit board within cartridge assembly 60 (not shown in
In the shown embodiment, electrical ports 254 are arranged to provide access to multiple electrical contacts (e.g., electrical contact 242), and to accommodate circuit boards (e.g., circuit board 240) having multiple electrical contacts. In an alternative embodiment, housing cover 246 may include a single electrical ports 254 configured to receive electrical contact 244.
Indentation 256 is a downward-facing indentation of housing cover 226 that accommodates the geometry of recessed lip 180 of lid 70 when print head 36 is retained by receptacle 46. For example, recessed lip 180 maybe inserted into indentation 256 when lid 70 is closed, which assists in securing print head 36 to receptacle 46.
Guide tube ports 258 and 260 are openings through housing cover 226 that provide access for guide tubes of part or support materials. For example, guide tube port 258 may receive guide tube 34 (shown in
In the shown embodiment, guide tube port 260 is an unused opening for print head 36, which allows a single design for housing cover 246 to be used for both minor image print heads 36 and 42. Accordingly, for print head 42, guide tube 40 may extend through guide tube port 260, and guide tube port 258 may be an unused opening. In alternative embodiments, the unused guide tube ports (e.g., guide tube port 260 for print head 36) may be omitted.
Housing body 248 is configured to rest on the floor of base portion 68, and includes overhang feature 262 and vent 264. Overhang feature 262 has a downward converging geometry, and is the portion of cartridge assembly 60 that liquefier pump assembly 62 extends downward from when print head 36 is mounted in receptacle 46.
As shown above (see e.g.,
Print head 36 may be inserted or otherwise loaded into receptacle 46 by sliding cartridge assembly 60 into base portion 68 (e.g., as indicated by arrow 266) until the rear portion of cartridge assembly 60 rests within base portion 68. During the insertion, alignment cones 184 are inserted into the bottom reciprocating slots of housing body 248 (not shown in
After print head 36 is inserted into base portion 68, lid 70 may then be closed against base portion 68, as discussed above. When lid 70 is closed, electrical contact 244 engages one of electrical ports 254 of print head 36. This arrangement relays electrical power and communication to and between circuit board 240 and print head 36. Additionally, when lid 70 is closed and locked to base portion 68, the rear portion of cartridge assembly 60 is secured within receptacle 46 with the three-point alignment, thereby preventing lateral or vertical movement of print head 36 relative to receptacle 46 (or roll, pitch, and yaw movements).
Receptacles 46 and 48, having the lid and base portion engagements, are examples of suitable receptacles for use with carriage frame 44 to retain print heads 36 and 42 with snap-fit mechanisms. In alternative embodiments, carriage 18 may include a variety of different receptacles having snap-fit mechanisms for retaining print heads 36 and 42 in a manner that prevents movement of print heads 36 and 42 relative to their respective receptacles.
For example, base portion 68 of receptacle 46 may include a snap-fit engagement in which print head 36 may be inserted into base portion 68 and snap fitted (e.g., with a biasing spring from the floor of base portion 68). In this embodiment, lid 70 may be omitted, and print head 36 may be retained by base portion 68 alone with the snap-fit engagement, which prevents print head 36 from moving relative to base portion 68 (e.g., with alignment cones 184). Electrical connections may then be made directly between control board 50 and print head 36.
As shown in
The three-point alignment desirably fixes the position of print head 36 relative to base portion 68 with respect to the x-y-z coordinates, in addition to the roll, pitch, and yaw orientations. For example, the contact between bottom surface 268 and the floor of base portion 68 may fix the pitch orientation, the engagement between alignment slot 270 (an elongated slot) and one of alignment cones 184 may fix the roll and yaw orientations, and the engagement between alignment slot 272 and the other alignment cone 184 may fix the x-y-z coordinates.
As shown in
As further shown, liquefier pump assembly 62 is partially encased within housing cover 246 and housing body 248, and extends downward out of overhang feature 262, as discussed above. Liquefier pump assembly 62 includes drive mechanism 290, backbone assembly 292, liquefier assembly 294, and drive block 295, where liquefier pump 294 is encased by backbone assembly 292, and drive mechanism 290 and drive block 295 are retained by backbone assembly 292 at an upstream location relative to liquefier assembly 294.
Motor body 280 is the drive component of motor 278 that receives electrical power from the circuit board of print head 36 (not shown) via electrical cables (not shown) for generating rotational power. Gear 284 is a rotatable component that is axial connected to motor body 280 to receive the generated rotational power. Gear 284 correspondingly engages drive mechanism 290 to feed successive portions of the part material filament through drive block 295 and liquefier assembly 294.
Backbone assembly 292 and liquefier assembly 294 are the portions of liquefier pump assembly 62 that extend downward from overhang feature 262. Backbone assembly 292 is mountable to housing body 248 via mounting slots 289, thereby securing backbone assembly 292 to cartridge assembly 60 when housing cover 246 and housing body 248 are secured together. Drive mechanism 290 is retained by backbone assembly 292 within overhang feature 262, and motor 278 with gear 284 is disposed above and engaged with drive mechanism 290. Motor body 280 is accordingly mounted in the rear portion of cartridge 60 (when housing cover 246 and housing body 248 are secured together) with mounting plate 282, such that gear 274 extends above overhang feature 262 for engagement with drive mechanism 290.
As shown in
Housing body 248 may also additional components for retaining the electrical cables and/or guide tube 34 (shown above in
As shown in
Magnet 304 is a rotatable magnet located on the opposing end of motor body 280 from gear 284, and is also axially connected to motor body 280 to rotate with gear 284. When motor 278 is mounted in housing body 248, magnet 304 is positioned in rear pocket 276. As discussed above, when print head 36 is mounted in receptacle 46, rear pocket 276 extends into rear wall opening 200 (shown above in
Encoder sensor 204 is a first component of an encoder assembly configured to measure the rotation of gear 284. Magnet 304 is a second component of the encoder assembly, where encoder sensor 204 is capable of measuring the rotational angle of magnet 304 as magnet 304 rotates with gear 284. This arrangement allows the rotational rate and direction of gear 284 to be monitored, which corresponds to the rate at which the part material filament is fed through liquefier pump assembly 62. As mentioned above, encoder sensor 204 is connected control board 50 (shown above in
As shown in
Backbone plate 312 is a first metallic member (e.g., a steel stamped plate) that is shaped to be secured to heat shield 314 and to retain drive mechanism 290. As shown, backbone plate 312 includes shaft portion 316 (extending along the back side of heat shield 314, best shown below in
Angled shield 318 has a downward converging surface that corresponds to the downward converging geometry of overhang feature 262 (shown above in
Heat shield 314 is second metallic member (e.g., a steel stamped plate) that is secured to shaft portion 316, as mentioned above. This defines a central conduit along the vertical z-axis through which liquefier assembly 294 extends.
As further shown, backbone plate 312 also includes inlet vent 326 (best shown in
Heat shield 314 and shaft portion 316 collectively include vents 62b, which, in the shown embodiment, are rectangular openings in heat shield 314 and shaft portion 316 above liquefier 310 of liquefier assembly 294. The air flow that passes through the central conduit between heat shield 314 and shaft portion 316 thereby exits print head 36 through vents 62b. Directing the air flow through print head 36 in this manner allows the air flow to cool the components within cartridge 60 (e.g., motor 278, shown above in
One or more of inlet vents 326, 328, and 330 may also function as inlet openings for the electrical cables (not shown) that interconnect circuit board 296 (shown above in
As shown in
Capstan gear 332 is operably supported by bearing block 334 and drive block 295, which are respectively retained by retention arms 320 and 322. Capstan gear 332 includes perimeter teeth 340, which are gear teeth or an otherwise textured surface that extend around the outer perimeter of capstan gear 332, and are the portion of drive mechanism 290 that engage with threaded surface 306 of gear 284 (shown above in
As discussed below, drive block 295 is the component through which the part material filament passes while being fed from guide tube 34 to liquefier assembly 294. Guide tube 34 engages drive block 295 at seal ring 338, where seal ring 338 is a moisture seal that desirably restricts or prevents moisture from entering guide tube 34 and drive block 295.
As further shown in
As shown in
Drive shaft 346 may also be molded or cast from one or more metallic and/or plastic materials. Drive shaft 346 also includes first end 352 and second end 354, where first end 352 extends into bearing block 334, and second end 354 extends into drive block 295 at lateral opening 356. This mounts drive shaft 346 (and capstan gear 332) to bearing block 334 and drive block 295, which allow drive shaft 346 and capstan gear 332 to freely rotate under the rotational power from gear 284 (shown in
Drive shaft 346 also includes toothed surface 358, which is a toothed or otherwise textured surface that also extends into lateral opening 356 of drive block 295, and is the rotatable surface that engages the part material filament to feed the part material filament downward into liquefier assembly 294. Drive block 295 also includes top opening 360, which is the opening in which guide tube 34 (shown in
In the shown embodiment, liquefier assembly 294 includes liquefier 310 (as mentioned above), filament tube 362, and extrusion tip 364. Filament tube 362 includes top end 366, which engages a bottom opening of drive block 295 (not shown in
As shown in
In addition, this arrangement also reduces heat transfer from extrusion tip 364 to backbone assembly 292 by reducing the contact surface area between extrusion tip 364 and bottom surface 370 to radial tabs 374 (e.g., three small tabs). This allows liquefier 310 to maintain a suitable thermal profile during operation. If extrusion tip 364 were otherwise secured to bottom surface 370 around the entire perimeter of extrusion tip 364, the heat transfer would be higher, thereby requiring liquefier 310 to compensate to account for the thermal loss.
Furthermore, bottom surface 370 may be laminated or otherwise coated with a film of one or more materials having low coefficients of friction, such as fluorinated polymers (e.g., perfluoropolymers). Examples of suitable fluorinated polymers include polytetrafluoroethylenes (PTFE), fluorinated ethylene propylenes, and perfluoroalkoxy polymers. Examples of suitable commercially available fluorinated polymers include PTFE available under the trade designation “TEFLON” from E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, Del. The use of the film or coating in this manner prevents or otherwise reduces the part material from sticking to bottom surface 370 during a build run and/or during purge and extrusion tip cleaning steps.
As shown in
Channel 378 may have dimensions that accommodate the part material filament without undue friction, while desirably preventing the part material filament from buckling while engaged with toothed surface 358 of drive shaft 346. Accordingly, channel 378 includes a lateral port (not shown) at the intersection with lateral opening 256 (shown above in
The engagement between guide tube 34, drive block 295, and filament tube 362, along with drive shaft 346 extending through lateral opening 356, provides a self-alignment feature that reduces or prevents the risk of misfeeding the part material filament into liquefier tube 362 and liquefier 310. If drive block 295 were otherwise omitted, a gap would exist between guide tube 34 and filament tube 362 at the location of channel 378. This gap could potentially result in misfeeds of the part material filament from guide tube 34 to filament tube 362, which could result in delays in building 3D part 24. Furthermore, having the leading end of the part material filament extending at least into drive block 295, and even into filament tube 362, further increases the self-alignment feature of liquefier pump assembly 62.
Prior to operation, the part material filament may reside in guide tube 34, and desirably extends at least as far downward into drive block 295 as conduit 378 for engagement with toothed surface 358. This allows drive mechanism 290 to readily feed the part material filament without requiring additional feeding steps.
After print head 36 is inserted into receptacle 46, cooling unit 56 may direct air flow through cartridge assembly 60 and downward into liquefier pump assembly 62. As discussed above, the air flow is directed downward through the central conduit between backbone plate 312 and heat shield 314, and out of the vents (e.g., vents 62b).
Controller 28 may then direct motor 278 to rotate gear 284 (e.g., via control board 50, electrical interfaces 94 and 98, circuit board 240, electrical contact 244, electrical ports 254, circuit board 296, and the respective electrical connections, such as electrical cables). The engagement between threaded surface 306 of gear 284 and toothed perimeter 340 of capstan gear 332 correspondingly rotates capstan gear 332, such as in the direction of arrow 382. The secured connection between outer surface 350 of drive shaft 346 and axial opening 348 of capstan gear 332 correspondingly rotates drive shaft 346 in the rotational direction of arrow 382 at the same angular rate as capstan gear 332. This accordingly rotates toothed surface 358 in the rotational direction of arrow 382 at the same angular rate as capstan gear 332.
The rotation of toothed surface 358 in the rotational direction of arrow 382 causes the teeth of toothed surface 358 to engage with the part material filament within channel 378, where the part material filament is also braced against lateral supporting wall 380. The engaged part material filament is then driven downward into filament tube 362 and liquefier 310, in the direction of arrow 336. Within liquefier 310, the part material filament is melted and extruded out of extrusion tip 364 to build 3D part 24, for example, as disclosed in Swanson et al., U.S. Publication Nos. 2012/0070523 and 2012/0068378.
The upstream segments of the part material filament provide a viscosity-pump action to extrude the molten part material from extrusion tip 364 based on the feed rate of the part material filament into liquefier 310. The feed rate of the part material filament is correspondingly based on the drive rates of gear 284 of motor 278, capstan gear 332, and drive shaft 346.
When the extrusion run with liquefier pump assembly 62 is completed, controller 28 may direct motor 278 to stop the rotate of gear 284, which correspondingly stops the rotations of capstan gear 332 and drive shaft 346. This halts the feeding of the part material filament into liquefier 310, which correspondingly stops the extrusion of the molten part material from extrusion tip 364.
Receptacle 42 and print head 36 may then be toggled upward with voice coil mechanism 52, and receptacle 48 and print head 42 may be toggled downward with voice coil 54, as discussed above. Controller 28 may then direct print head 42 to extrude the molten support material from liquefier pump assembly 66 in the same manner as discussed above for liquefier pump assembly 62. The extrusion runs and toggling between the lowered, active states and the raised, passive states may then be repeated to build 3D part 24 and support structure 26 in a layer-based manner pursuant to the fused deposition modeling technique.
In an alternative embodiment, liquefier pump assembly 62 may be only partially assembled prior to being mounted in housing body 248. For example, in one embodiment, drive mechanism 290 and drive block 295 may be mounted onto retention arms 320 and 322 of backbone assembly 292 after mounting liquefier pump assembly 62 in housing body 248.
Motor 278 may then be mounted in housing body 248 (step 406). As discussed above, mounting plate 282 of motor 278 may be inserted into mounting slots 288 of housing body 248. This also engages threaded surface 306 of gear 284 (of motor 278) with teethed perimeter 340 of capstan gear 332 to allow gear 284 to rotate capstan gear 332 and drive shaft 346. Additionally, mounting motor 278 in housing body 248 positions magnet 304 into rear pocket 276.
Circuit board 296 may also be secured to the inner surface of housing cover 246, such as with screws 298 (step 408). Circuit board 286 may then be electrically connected to motor 278 and liquefier assembly 294, such as with electrical cables (step 410). In alternative embodiments, steps 408 and 410 may be performed prior to or along with each other and any of steps 402, 404, and/or 406.
Guide tube 34 may also be inserted through guide tube port 258 (step 412) and into top opening 360 of drive block 295 to secure guide tube 34 to liquefier pump assembly 62 (step 414). As discussed above, this creates a self-aligning feature and a moisture barrier for feeding successive segments of the part material filament from guide tube 34 to liquefier 310. Additionally, the part material filament is desirably inserted at least as far as channel 378 of drive block 295 to engage with toothed surface 358 of drive shaft 346, which allows the part material filament to be readily used when print head 36 is inserted into receptacle 46. Housing cover 246 may then be secured to housing body 248 (step 416). This provides print head 36, which is then ready for insertion into receptacle 46 for use in system 10, as discussed above.
Liquefier assembly 294 may then be assembled and inserted into backbone assembly 292 (step 422). For example, liquefier assembly 294 may be inserted into backbone assembly 292 such that top end 366 of filament tube 362 is located adjacent to angled plate 318 and liquefier 310 is disposed at tip end 62a. This arrangement also allows extrusion tip 364 to extend through opening 372 of bottom surface 370 (of heat shield 314).
Extrusion tip 364 may then be spot welded or otherwise secured to radial tabs 374 to secure extrusion tip 364 to backbone assembly 292 (step 424). As discussed above, spot welding extrusion tip 364 to radial tabs 374 reduces the contact surface area between extrusion tip 364 and backbone assembly 292 to reduce heat transfer.
Drive shaft 346 may also be inserted into and secured to axial opening 348 of capstan gear 332 (step 426) to allow the rotation of capstan gear 332 to likewise rotate drive shaft 346. Drive shaft 346 may then be inserted into bearing block 334 and drive block 295 (step 428). For example, first end 352 of drive shaft 346 may be inserted into bearing block 334, and second end 354 may be inserted into lateral opening 356 of drive block 295. This rotatably suspends drive shaft 346 (and capstan gear 332) between block 334 and drive block 295. Additionally, this arrangement also positions toothed surface 358 of drive shaft 346 in channel 378 of drive block 295 to engage a part material filament.
Bearing block 334 and drive block 295 may then be respectively mounted and secured to retention arms 320 and 322 (step 430), and seal ring 338 may be inserted into top opening 360 of drive block 295. This step also inserts and secures top end 366 of filament tube 362 into bottom opening 376 of drive block 295, thereby providing the self-aligning feature for the part material filament. In alternative embodiments, one or both of steps 426 and 428 may be performed prior to or along with steps 410, 422, and/or 424. As indicated above in step 402 of method 400, after method 418 is completed, the resulting liquefier pump assembly 62 may then be mounted in housing body 248, pursuant to step 404 of method 400.
As discussed above, after methods 400 and 418 are completed for each of print heads 36 and 42, print heads 36 and 42 may be inserted into and locked with receptacles 46 and 48 of carriage 18 (and thereby providing print head assembly 43). System 10 may then be controlled to extrude and deposit part and support materials from print heads 36 and 42 onto platen 14 to build 3D models (e.g., 3D model 24) and support structures (e.g., support structure 26) in a layer-based manner using the fused deposition modeling technique.
Furthermore, receptacles 46 and 48 themselves are suspended by carriage frame 44 in a manner that allows controlled movement of receptacles 46 and 48 (and print heads 36 and 42) relative to carriage frame 44 along the vertical z-axis via voice coil mechanisms 52 and 54, while also preventing movement of receptacles 46 and 48 (and print heads 36 and 42) relative to carriage frame 44 in the horizontal x-y plane, as well as preventing roll, pitch, and yaw movements. This arrangement allows voice coil mechanisms 52 and 54 to toggle receptacles 46 and 48 (and print heads 36 and 42) between lowed, active states and raised, passive states in a manner provide precise control of vertical movement for receptacles 46 and 48, independently of each other. As such, print head assembly 43 is suitable for building 3D models (e.g., 3D model 24) and support structures (e.g., support structure 26) with high-resolution features, while also allowing multiple print heads (e.g., print heads 36 and 42) to be replacably interchanged.
In this embodiment, receptacle 546 is secured to a first linear bearing of central beam 900 (not shown in
As shown in
Linear bearing 904 includes bearing rail 922 and slide element 924, where slide elements 924 is configured to slide vertically along bearing rail 922. Bearing rail 922 is secured to lateral wall 914 with screws 926 or other similar fasteners that extend into posts 920. Slide element 924 includes bores 928, which align with bores 903 of receptacle 546 and receive screws 902 (shown in
Linear bearing 906 includes bearing rail 930 and slide element 932, where slide elements 932 is configured to slide vertically along bearing rail 930. Bearing rail 930 is secured to lateral wall 912 with screws 934 or other similar fasteners that extend into posts 918. Slide element 932 includes bores 936, which align with bores (not shown) of receptacle 548 and receive screws (not shown) to secure receptacle 548 to slide element 932.
Linear bearings 904 and 906 respectively support receptacles 546 and 548 in manners that prevent receptacles 546 and 548 (and the retained print heads) from moving horizontally, while allowing receptacles 546 and 548 to move vertically by voice coil mechanisms 552 and 554 (shown in
The engagement between posts 918 and slots 938, and between posts 920 and slots 940, may optionally provide vertical hard stops that limit the respective ranges of vertical movement of receptacles 546 and 548. Alternatively, linear bearings 904 and 906 may be limited vertically by different mechanisms. For example, central beam 900 may include extensions 903a and 903b (respectively shown in
A second receptacle corresponding to receptacle 48 (not shown in
As shown in
Slots 946 retain ball bearings 948 for engagement with receptacle 646. When assembled with keeper screws 950 extending through receptacle 646 and into bores 956, receptacle 646 engages ball bearings 948, which provide five degrees of constraint on receptacle 646. This allows the voice coil mechanism for receptacle 646 (not shown) to toggle receptacle 646 along the vertical z-axis, while also restricting horizontal movement.
As shown in
Ball bearings 948 may be fabricated from one or more polymeric and/or metallic materials (e.g., polyoxymethylene), and are desirably sized for use in slots 946, and for engagement with receptacles 646. Base legs 954 are suitable for securing central beam 944 to the carriage frame (not shown).
As shown in
As mentioned above, suitable part and support materials for use with system 10 and print head assembly 43 include part and support material filaments. Suitable part materials for building 3D model 24 include polymeric and metallic materials. In some embodiments, suitable modeling materials include materials having amorphous properties, such as thermoplastic materials, amorphous metallic materials, and combinations thereof. Examples of suitable thermoplastic materials for the part material filament include acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) copolymers, polycarbonates, polysulfones, polyethersulfones, polyphenylsulfones, polyetherimides, amorphous polyamides, modified variations thereof (e.g., ABS-M30 copolymers), polystyrene, and blends thereof. Examples of suitable amorphous metallic materials include those disclosed in Batchelder, U.S. Publication No. 2009/0263582.
Suitable support materials for building support structure 26 include polymeric materials. In some embodiments, suitable support materials include materials having amorphous properties (e.g., thermoplastic materials) and that are desirably removable from the corresponding modeling materials after 3D model 24 and support structure 26 are built. Examples of suitable support materials include water-soluble support materials commercially available under the trade designations “SR10”, “SR20”, and “SR30” Soluble Supports from Stratasys, Inc., Eden Prairie, Minn.; break-away support materials commercially available under the trade designation “BASS” from Stratasys, Inc., Eden Prairie, Minn., and those disclosed in Crump et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,503,785; Lombardi et al., U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,070,107 and 6,228,923; Priedeman et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,790,403; and Hopkins et al., U.S. Publication No. 2010/0096072.
In some embodiments, the part and support material filaments may each have a cylindrical or substantially cylindrical geometry, such as those disclosed in Swanson, U.S. Publication No. 2010/0283172; Swanson, International Publication No. WO2009/088995; Swanson et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,923,634; Comb et al., U.S. Pat. No. 7,122,246; and Taatjes et al, U.S. Publication Nos. 2010/0096485 and 2010/0096489.
In alternative embodiments, the part and support material filaments may each have a non-cylindrical geometry, such as the ribbon filaments disclosed in Batchelder et al., U.S. Pat. No. 8,221,669. In these embodiments, suitable liquefiers for liquefier 310 include those disclosed in Batchelder et al., U.S. Pat. No. 8,439,665, and in Swanson et al., U.S. Publication No. 2012/0070523.
In additional embodiments, the part and support material filaments may each include topographical surfaces patterns (e.g., tracks) for engaging drive mechanism 290, as disclosed in Batchelder et al., U.S. Pat. No. 8,236,227. Furthermore, the part and support material filaments may each include encoded markings, as disclosed in Batchelder et al., U.S. Publication Nos. 2011/0117268 and 2011/0121476.
Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, workers skilled in the art will recognize that changes may be made in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/147,073, filed on Jan. 3, 2014, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/332,530, filed on Dec. 21, 2011, and granted as U.S. Pat. No. 8,647,102. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/332,530 is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/976,111, filed on Dec. 22, 2010, and granted as U.S. Pat. No. 8,419,996; of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/976,152, filed on Dec. 22, 2010, and granted as U.S. Pat. No. 8,663,533; of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/976,176, filed on Dec. 22, 2010; and of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/976,204, filed on Dec. 22, 2010, and granted as U.S. Pat. No. 8,465,111.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 14147073 | Jan 2014 | US |
| Child | 14887770 | US | |
| Parent | 13332530 | Dec 2011 | US |
| Child | 14147073 | US |
