1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a printed wiring board and a wireless communication system, and in particular, relates to a printed wiring board and a wireless communication system, preferably for use in an RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) system.
2. Description of the Related Art
In recent years, as an information management system for articles, there has been put into practical use an RFID system where communication is established between a reader/writer generating an induction magnetic field and an RFID tag attached to an article on the basis of a non-contact method utilizing an electromagnetic field and predetermined information is transmitted. This RFID tag includes a wireless IC chip storing therein the predetermined information and processing a predetermined wireless signal and an antenna (radiator) performing transmission and reception of a high-frequency signal.
In some cases, the RFID system is used for information management for printed wiring boards embedded in various kinds of electronic devices. For example, in International Publication No. WO 2009/011144 or International Publication No. WO 2009/011154, an RFID tag is disclosed that utilizes, as an antenna, the ground electrode of a printed wiring board. In this RFID tag, a loop-shaped electrode for matching impedance is provided between a wireless IC chip and a ground electrode. Therefore, it is possible to realize an RFID tag having a simple configuration and a small signal loss.
Incidentally, while the RFID tag described in International Publication No. WO 2009/011144 or International Publication No. WO 2009/011154 has a simple configuration, the ground electrode functioning as an antenna becomes a barrier to signal transmission and reception, and the radiation characteristic of a high-frequency signal is not necessarily good.
Therefore, preferred embodiments of the present invention provide a printed wiring board and a wireless communication system, each of which has a simple configuration and a good radiation characteristic and is suitable for an RFID system.
A printed wiring board according to a first preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a wireless IC element configured to process a high-frequency signal, a circuit substrate in which the wireless IC element is mounted, a loop-shaped electrode configured to be coupled to the wireless IC element, a radiator configured to be coupled to the loop-shaped electrode, and an auxiliary electrode configured to be coupled to the loop-shaped electrode and/or the radiator.
A wireless communication system according to a second preferred embodiment of the present invention includes the above-mentioned printed wiring board.
In the above-mentioned printed wiring board, the wireless IC element is coupled to the radiator through the loop-shaped electrode, and the radiator functions as an antenna. Furthermore, the wireless IC element is also coupled to the auxiliary electrode through the loop-shaped electrode and/or the radiator, and the auxiliary electrode also functions as an antenna. In this case, the loop-shaped electrode functions as an impedance-matching circuit with respect to the radiator and the auxiliary electrode. More specifically, a high-frequency signal is received in the auxiliary electrode in addition to the radiator, and the wireless IC element operates through the loop-shaped electrode, such that a response signal from the corresponding wireless IC element is radiated from the radiator and the auxiliary electrode to the outside through the loop-shaped electrode. The auxiliary electrode is provided, and hence, the radiation characteristics (a radiation gain and directivity) of a high-frequency signal are greatly improved.
According to various preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is possible to provide a printed wiring board including a simple configuration and an antenna with an excellent radiation characteristic, and the corresponding printed wiring substrate may be suitable for use in an RFID system, for example.
The above and other elements, features, steps, characteristics and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of a printed wiring board and a wireless communication system according to the present invention will be described with reference to accompanying drawings. In addition, in each drawing, a same symbol will be assigned to a common component or a common portion, and the redundant description thereof well be omitted.
As illustrated in
The other end portions of the first planar conductors 21a and 21b and two corner portions of the radiator 31 are electrically connected to each other through via hole conductors 32a and 32b. A loop-shaped electrode 20 is defined by the first planar conductors 21a and 21b, the via hole conductors 32a and 32b, and one side of the radiator 31. The second planar conductors 22a and 22b extend from the other end portions of the first planar conductors 21a and 21b preferably in L-shaped or substantially L-shaped configurations along the side surface of the sheet 11a, end portions thereof face each other through a slit 27, and the second planar conductors 22a and 22b function as auxiliary electrodes.
The wireless IC element 50 processes a high-frequency signal, and the detail thereof will be described in detail with reference to
In the printed wiring board 1A having the above-mentioned configuration, as the loop-shaped electrode 20, the first planar conductors 21a and 21b are coupled to the radiator 31 and the second planar conductors 22a and 22b. Therefore, a high-frequency signal, radiated from a reader/writer in an RFID system and received in the radiator 31 and the second planar conductors 22a and 22b, is supplied to the wireless IC element through the first planar conductors 21a and 21b, and the wireless IC element 50 operates. On the other hand, a response signal from the wireless IC element 50 is transmitted to the radiator 31 and the second planar conductors 22a and 22b through the first planar conductors 21a and 21b and radiated to the reader/writer.
The loop-shaped electrode 20 functions as a matching circuit for impedance, by causing the wireless IC element 50 and the radiator 31 to be coupled to each other, and functions as a matching circuit for impedance, by causing the wireless IC element 50 and the second planar conductors 22a and 22b to be coupled to each other. It is possible for the first planar conductors 21a and 21b to achieve impedance matching, by adjusting the electrical lengths thereof, the electrode widths thereof, or the like. In addition, so as to obtain a maximum radiation characteristic, it is desirable that the total length of the first planar conductor 21a plus the second planar conductor 22a and the total length of the first planar conductor 21b plus the second planar conductor 22b preferably are approximately λ/4 with respect to wavelength λ of a communication frequency, for example.
In addition, the second planar conductors 22a and 22b extend along the edge portion of the radiator 31, and are capacitively coupled to the radiator 31 in a lamination direction. In this way, the second planar electrodes 22a and 22b functioning as auxiliary electrodes are capacitively coupled to the edge portion of the radiator 31, in which a high-frequency signal intensively flows owing to an edge effect, and hence, while it is possible to cause the radiator 31 to have directivity in the normal direction of the main surface of the radiator 31, it is possible to cause the second planar electrodes 22a and 22b to function as a matching circuit. In particular, when the length of each of the second planar conductors 22a and 22b is less than or equal to approximately λ/4, for example, a communication distance also becomes long. In addition, such an advantageous effect is true for a second preferred embodiment, a third preferred embodiment, and a fourth preferred embodiment, described later.
In the printed wiring substrate 1A according to the first preferred embodiment, a radiation electric field intensity schematically illustrated in
Incidentally, as a comparative example,
As illustrated in
The other end portions of the first planar conductors 21a and 21b and two corner portions of the radiator 31 are electrically connected to each other through via hole conductors 32a and 32b. A loop-shaped electrode 20 is defined by the first planar conductors 21a and 21b, the via hole conductors 32a and 32b, and one side of the radiator 31. The third planar conductors 23a and 23b extend from both end portions of the radiator 31 in L-shaped or substantially L-shaped configurations along the side surface of the sheet 11b, end portions thereof face each other through a slit 27, and the third planar conductors 23a and 23b function as auxiliary electrodes.
In the printed wiring board 1B having the above-mentioned configuration, as the loop-shaped electrode 20, the first planar conductors 21a and 21b are coupled to the radiator and the third planar conductors 23a and 23b. Therefore, a high-frequency signal, radiated from a reader/writer in an RFID system and received in the radiator and the third planar conductors 23a and 23b, is supplied to the wireless IC element through the first planar conductors 21a and 21b, and the wireless IC element 50 operates. On the other hand, a response signal from the wireless IC element 50 is transmitted to the radiator 31 and the third planar conductors 23a and 23b through the first planar conductors 21a and 21b and radiated to the reader/writer.
The loop-shaped electrode 20 functions as a matching circuit for impedance, by causing the wireless IC element 50 and the radiator 31 to be coupled to each other, and functions as a matching circuit for impedance, by causing the wireless IC element 50 and the third planar conductors 23a and 23b to be coupled to each other. It is possible for the first planar conductors 21a and 21b to achieve impedance matching, by adjusting the electrical lengths thereof, the electrode widths thereof, or the like. In addition, so as to obtain a maximum radiation characteristic, it is desirable that the total length of the first planar conductor 21a, the via hole conductor 32a, and the third planar conductor 23a and the total length of the first planar conductor 21b, the via hole conductor 32b, and the third planar conductor 23b preferably are approximately λ/4, for example, with respect to the wavelength λ of the communication frequency.
In the printed wiring substrate 1B according to the second preferred embodiment, a radiation electric field intensity schematically illustrated in
As illustrated in
The other end portions of the first planar conductors 21a and 21b and two corner portions of the radiator 31 are electrically connected to each other through via hole conductors 32a and 32b. A loop-shaped electrode 20 is configured using the first planar conductors 21a and 21b, the via hole conductors 32a and 32b, and one side of the radiator 31. The fourth planar conductors 24a and 24b extend from the other end portions of the first planar conductors 21a and 21b in L-shaped or substantially L-shaped configurations along the side surface of the sheet 11a, end portions thereof face each other through a slit 27, and the fourth planar conductors 24a and 24b function as auxiliary electrodes. The fifth planar conductors 25a and 25b extend from both end portions of the radiator 31 in L-shaped or substantially L-shaped configurations along the side surface of the sheet 11b, and end portions thereof face each other through a slit 28. In addition to this, the fifth planar conductors 25a and 25b are electrically connected to the fourth planar conductors 24a and 24b through via hole conductors 33a and 33b and function as auxiliary electrodes.
In the printed wiring board 1C having the above-mentioned configuration, as the loop-shaped electrode 20, the first planar conductors 21a and 21b are coupled to the radiator 31, the fourth planar conductors 24a and 24b, and the fifth planar conductors 25a and 25b. Therefore, a high-frequency signal, radiated from a reader/writer in an RFID system and received in the radiator 31, the fourth planar conductors 24a and 24b, and the fifth planar conductors 25a and 25b, is supplied to the wireless IC element 50 through the first planar conductors 21a and 21b, and the wireless IC element 50 operates. On the other hand, a response signal from the wireless IC element 50 is transmitted to the radiator 31, the fourth planar conductors 24a and 24b, and the fifth planar conductors 25a and 25b through the first planar conductors 21a and 21b and radiated to the reader/writer.
The loop-shaped electrode 20 functions as a matching circuit for impedance, by causing the wireless IC element 50 and the radiator 31 to be coupled to each other, and functions as a matching circuit for impedance, by causing the wireless IC element 50, the fourth planar conductors 24a and 24b, and the fifth planar conductors 25a and 25b to be coupled to one another. It is possible for the first planar conductors 21a and 21b to achieve impedance matching, by adjusting the electrical lengths thereof, the electrode widths thereof, or the like. In addition, so as to obtain a maximum radiation characteristic, it is desirable that the total length of the first planar conductor 21a, the fourth planar conductor 24a, the via hole conductor 33a, and the fifth planar conductor 25a and the total length of the first planar conductor 21b, the fourth planar conductor 24b, the via hole conductor 33b, and the fifth planar conductor 25b preferably are approximately λ/4 with respect to the wavelength λ of the communication frequency, for example.
In the printed wiring substrate 1C according to the third preferred embodiment, a radiation electric field intensity schematically illustrated in
As illustrated in
The other end portions of the first planar conductors 21a and 21b and two corner portions of the radiator 31 are electrically connected to each other through via hole conductors 32a and 32b. A loop-shaped electrode 20 is defined by the first planar conductors 21a and 21b, the via hole conductors 32a and 32b, and one side of the radiator 31. The sixth planar conductor extends from the other end portions of the first planar conductors 21a and 21b along the side surface of the sheet 11a, is defined as one electrode having an L-shaped or substantially L-shaped configuration, and functions as an auxiliary electrode.
In the printed wiring board 1D having the above-mentioned configuration, as the loop-shaped electrode 20, the first planar conductors 21a and 21b are coupled to the radiator and the sixth planar conductor 26. Therefore, a high-frequency signal, radiated from a reader/writer in an RFID system and received in the radiator 31 and the sixth planar conductor 26, is supplied to the wireless IC element 50 through the first planar conductors 21a and 21b, and the wireless IC element 50 operates. On the other hand, a response signal from the wireless IC element 50 is transmitted to the radiator 31 and the sixth planar conductor 26 through the first planar conductors 21a and 21b and radiated to the reader/writer.
The loop-shaped electrode 20 functions as a matching circuit for impedance, by causing the wireless IC element 50 and the radiator 31 to be coupled to each other, and functions as a matching circuit for impedance, by causing the wireless IC element 50 and the sixth planar conductor 26 to be coupled to each other. It is possible for the first planar conductors 21a and 21b to achieve impedance matching, by adjusting the electrical lengths thereof, the electrode widths thereof, or the like.
In the printed wiring substrate 1D according to the fourth preferred embodiment, a radiation electric field intensity schematically illustrated in
Next, a wireless communication system (RFID system) utilizing the above-mentioned printed wiring board 1A will be described. In addition, it is clear that it is possible to use the printed wiring boards 1B to 1D.
As illustrated in
The printed wiring board 1A capable of establishing communication with a reader/writer is preferably mounted in the mother substrate 45, and hence, it is possible to manage the mother substrate 45 on the basis of various types of information stored in the wireless IC element 50, at the manufacturing stage of the mother substrate 45 or in the storage management thereof. As illustrated in
As illustrated in
The wireless IC chip 51 illustrated in
When, as illustrated in
The feeder circuit 66 transmits a high-frequency signal, which is sent out from the wireless IC chip 51 and has a predetermined frequency, to a radiator or the like through the above-mentioned loop-shaped electrode, and supplies a high-frequency signal received in the radiator or the like to the wireless IC chip 51 through the loop-shaped electrode. Since the feeder circuit 66 has the predetermined resonance frequency, it is easy to achieve impedance matching with the radiator or the like and it is possible to shorten the electrical length of the loop-shaped electrode.
Next, the configuration of the feeder circuit substrate 65 will be described. As illustrated in
As illustrated in
By laminating the above-mentioned sheets 141a to 141h, the inductance element L1 is provided such that the wiring electrode 146a is connected in a spiral shape owing to the via hole conductor 147a, and the inductance element L2 is provided such that the wiring electrode 146b is connected in a spiral shape owing to the via hole conductor 147b. In addition, capacitance is generated between the lines of the wiring electrodes 146a and 146b.
An end portion 146a-1 of the wiring electrode 146a on the sheet 141b is connected to the feeding terminal electrode 142a through the via hole conductor 145a, and an end portion 146a-2 of the wiring electrode 146a on the sheet 141h is connected to the feeding terminal electrode 142b through the via hole conductors 148a and 145b. An end portion 146b-1 of the wiring electrode 146b on the sheet 141b is connected to the feeding terminal electrode 142b through the via hole conductor 144b, and an end portion 146b-2 of the wiring electrode 146b on the sheet 141h is connected to the feeding terminal electrode 142a through the via hole conductors 148b and 144a.
In the above-mentioned feeder circuit 66, since the inductance elements L1 and L2 are wound in directions opposite to each other, magnetic fields generated in the inductance elements L1 and L2 cancel each other out. Since the magnetic fields cancel each other out, it is necessary to lengthen the wiring electrodes 146a and 146b to some extent, so as to obtain a desired inductance value. Since this results in lowering a Q value, the steepness of a resonance characteristic disappears. Therefore, a wider bandwidth is obtained in the vicinity of a resonance frequency.
When the perspective plane of the feeder circuit substrate 65 is seen, the inductance elements L1 and L2 are provided at left and right different positions. In addition, the directions of the magnetic fields generated in the inductance elements L1 and L2 are opposite to each other. Therefore, when the feeder circuit 66 is coupled to the loop-shaped electrode 20, a reversed current is excited in the loop-shaped electrode 20, and it is possible to cause a current to be generated in the radiator 31 and the second planar conductors 22a and 22b. Accordingly, due to a potential difference due to the current, it is possible to cause the radiator 31 and the second planar conductors 22a and 22b to operate as an antenna.
By incorporating a resonance/matching circuit in the feeder circuit substrate 65, it is possible to significantly reduce and prevent a characteristic fluctuation due to an external article, and it is possible to prevent a communication quality from being deteriorated. In addition, if the wireless IC chip 51 configuring the wireless IC element 50 is disposed so as to face toward a center side in the thickness direction of the feeder circuit substrate 65, it is possible to prevent the wireless IC chip 51 from being destroyed and it is possible to enhance a mechanical strength as the wireless IC element 50.
In addition, a printed wiring board and a wireless communication system according to the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, and it should be understood that various modifications may occur insofar as they are within the scope thereof.
As described above, preferred embodiments of the present invention are useful for a printed wiring board and a wireless communication system, for example, and in particular, preferred embodiments of the present invention have a simple configuration and are superior in terms of an excellent radiation characteristic.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it is to be understood that variations and modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention, therefore, is to be determined solely by the following claims.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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2010-179638 | Aug 2010 | JP | national |
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Number | Date | Country | |
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20130002404 A1 | Jan 2013 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | PCT/JP2011/068110 | Aug 2011 | US |
Child | 13616140 | US |