Patent Application
20190009588
The present invention relates to a transfer type printing technique.
A technique of forming an ink image on a transfer member and transferring it to a print medium such as paper is proposed. For example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-182064 discloses an image forming apparatus for forming an ink image on an intermediate member and transferring the ink image to a sheet. This apparatus includes an inkjet device that forms a primary image on the intermediate member. This apparatus also includes a zone where an aggregate is formed in the primary image, a zone where a liquid is partially removed from the aggregate, a zone where an image is transferred to a sheet, and a zone where the surface of the intermediate member is reproduced before a new primary image is formed.
In an apparatus arrangement that removes a liquid component of an ink image in a state in which a liquid absorbing sheet for absorbing the liquid component contacts a transfer member, liquid absorption performance may be degraded by using the apparatus arrangement. If the liquid absorption performance is degraded in an early stage, the replacement frequency of the liquid absorbing sheet may be increased, thereby degrading the user convenience.
The present invention provides a technique capable of recovering liquid absorption performance of a liquid absorbing sheet more efficiently.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a printing apparatus comprising: a transfer member configured to be moved cyclically; a print unit configured to form an ink image on the transfer member by discharging ink to the transfer member; a transfer unit configured to perform a transfer operation of transferring, to a print medium, the ink image formed on the transfer member; and a liquid absorption unit configured to absorb a liquid component from the ink image on the transfer member before the transfer operation, the liquid absorption unit including a liquid absorbing sheet, a driving unit configured to move the liquid absorbing sheet cyclically, a displacing unit configured to displace the liquid absorbing sheet between a contact state in which the liquid absorbing sheet contacts the transfer member and a retracted state in which the liquid absorbing sheet is separated from the transfer member, and a recovery unit configured to perform a recovery operation of recovering liquid absorption performance of the liquid absorbing sheet, wherein the recovery operation is performed by the recovery unit while moving the liquid absorbing sheet cyclically by the driving unit when the liquid absorbing sheet is in the retracted state.
Further features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments (with reference to the attached drawings).
Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In each view, arrows X and Y indicate horizontal directions perpendicular to each other. An arrow Z indicates a vertical direction.
<Printing System>
Note that “print” includes not only formation of significant information such as a character or graphic pattern but also formation of an image, design, or pattern on print media in a broader sense or processing of print media regardless of whether the information is significant or insignificant or has become obvious to allow human visual perception. In this embodiment, “print media” are assumed to be paper sheets but may be fabrics, plastic films, and the like.
An ink component is not particularly limited. In this embodiment, however, a case is assumed in which aqueous pigment ink that includes a pigment as a coloring material, water, and a resin is used.
<Printing Apparatus>
The printing apparatus 1A includes a print unit 3, a transfer unit 4, peripheral units 5A to 5D, and a supply unit 6.
<Print Unit>
The print unit 3 includes a plurality of printheads 30 and a carriage 31. A description will be made with reference to
In this embodiment, each printhead 30 is a full-line head elongated in the Y direction, and nozzles are arrayed in a range where they cover the width of an image printing area of a print medium having a usable maximum size. Each printhead 30 has an ink discharge surface with the opened nozzle on its lower surface, and the ink discharge surface faces the surface of the transfer member 2 via a minute gap (for example, several mm). In this embodiment, the transfer member 2 is configured to move on a circular orbit cyclically, and thus the plurality of printheads 30 are arranged radially.
Each nozzle includes a discharge element. The discharge element is, for example, an element that generates a pressure in the nozzle and discharges ink in the nozzle, and the technique of an inkjet head in a well-known inkjet printer is applicable. For example, an element that discharges ink by causing film boiling in ink with an electrothermal transducer and forming a bubble, an element that discharges ink by an electromechanical transducer (piezoelectric element), an element that discharges ink by using static electricity, or the like can be given as the discharge element. A discharge element that uses the electrothermal transducer can be used from the viewpoint of high-speed and high-density printing.
In this embodiment, nine printheads 30 are provided. The respective printheads 30 discharge different kinds of inks. The different kinds of inks are, for example, different in coloring material and include yellow ink, magenta ink, cyan ink, black ink, and the like. One printhead 30 discharges one kind of ink. However, one printhead 30 may be configured to discharge the plurality of kinds of inks. When the plurality of printheads 30 are thus provided, some of them may discharge ink (for example, clear ink) that does not include a coloring material.
The carriage 31 supports the plurality of printheads 30. The end of each printhead 30 on the side of an ink discharge surface is fixed to the carriage 31. This makes it possible to maintain a gap on the surface between the ink discharge surface and the transfer member 2 more precisely. The carriage 31 is configured to be displaceable while mounting the printheads 30 by the guide of each guide unit RL. In this embodiment, the guide units RL are rail-like structures elongated in the Y direction and provided as a pair separately in the X direction. A slide portion 32 is provided on each side of the carriage 31 in the X direction. The slide portions 32 engage with the guide members RL and slide along the guide members RL in the Y direction.
The guide unit RL is elongated over the recovery unit 12 from the side of the transfer member 2. By the guide of the guide unit RL, the print unit 3 is displaceable between a discharge position POS1 at which the print unit 3 is indicated by a solid line and a recovery position POS3 at which the print unit 3 is indicated by a broken line, and is moved by a driving mechanism (not shown).
The discharge position POS1 is a position at which the print unit 3 discharges ink to the transfer member 2 and a position at which the ink discharge surface of each printhead 30 faces the surface of the transfer member 2. The recovery position POS3 is a position retracted from the discharge position POS1 and a position at which the print unit 3 is positioned above the recovery unit 12. The recovery unit 12 can perform performance recovery processing on the printheads 30 when the print unit 3 is positioned at the recovery position POS3. In this embodiment, the recovery unit 12 can also perform the recovery processing in the middle of movement before the print unit 3 reaches the recovery position POS3. There is a preliminary recovery position POS2 between the discharge position POS1 and the recovery position POS3. The recovery unit 12 can perform preliminary recovery processing on the printheads 30 at the preliminary recovery position POS2 while the printheads 30 move from the discharge position POS1 to the recovery position POS3.
<Transfer Unit>
The transfer unit 4 will be described with reference to
The transfer drum 41 is a support member that supports the transfer member 2 on its outer peripheral surface. The transfer member 2 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the transfer drum 41 continuously or intermittently in a circumferential direction. If the transfer member 2 is provided continuously, it is formed into an endless swath. If the transfer member 2 is provided intermittently, it is formed into swaths with ends dividedly into a plurality of segments. The respective segments can be arranged in an arc at an equal pitch on the outer peripheral surface of the transfer drum 41.
The transfer member 2 moves cyclically on the circular orbit by rotating the transfer drum 41. By the rotational phase of the transfer drum 41, the position of the transfer member 2 can be discriminated into a processing area R1 before discharge, a discharge area R2, processing areas R3 and R4 after discharge, a transfer area R5, and a processing area R6 after transfer. The transfer member 2 passes through these areas cyclically.
The processing area R1 before discharge is an area where preprocessing is performed on the transfer member 2 before the print unit 3 discharges ink and an area where the peripheral unit 5A performs processing. In this embodiment, a reactive liquid is applied. The discharge area R2 is a formation area where the print unit 3 forms an ink image by discharging ink to the transfer member 2. The processing areas R3 and R4 after discharge are processing areas where processing is performed on the ink image after ink discharge. The processing area R3 after discharge is an area where the peripheral unit 5B performs processing, and the processing area R4 after discharge is an area where the peripheral unit 5C performs processing. The transfer area R5 is an area where the transfer unit 4 transfers the ink image on the transfer member 2 to the print medium P. The processing area R6 after transfer is an area where post processing is performed on the transfer member 2 after transfer and an area where the peripheral unit 5D performs processing.
In this embodiment, the discharge area R2 is an area with a predetermined section. The other areas R1 and R3 to R6 have narrower sections than the discharge area R2. Comparing to the face of a clock, in this embodiment, the processing area R1 before discharge is positioned at almost 10 o'clock, the discharge area R2 is in a range from almost 11 o'clock to 1 o'clock, the processing area R3 after discharge is positioned at almost 2 o'clock, and the processing area R4 after discharge is positioned at almost 4 o'clock. The transfer area R5 is positioned at almost 6 o'clock, and the processing area R6 after transfer is an area at almost 8 o'clock.
The transfer member 2 may be formed by a single layer but may be an accumulative body of a plurality of layers. If the transfer member 2 is formed by the plurality of layers, it may include three layers of, for example, a surface layer, an elastic layer, and a compressed layer. The surface layer is an outermost layer having an image formation surface where the ink image is formed. By providing the compressed layer, the compressed layer absorbs deformation and disperses a local pressure fluctuation, making it possible to maintain transferability even at the time of high-speed printing. The elastic layer is a layer between the surface layer and the compressed layer.
As a material for the surface layer, various materials such as a resin and a ceramic can be used appropriately. In respect of durability or the like, however, a material high in compressive modulus can be used. More specifically, an acrylic resin, an acrylic silicone resin, a fluoride-containing resin, a condensate obtained by condensing a hydrolyzable organosilicon compound, and the like can be given. The surface layer that has undergone a surface treatment may be used in order to improve wettability of the reactive liquid, the transferability of an image, or the like. Frame processing, a corona treatment, a plasma treatment, a polishing treatment, a roughing treatment, an active energy beam irradiation treatment, an ozone treatment, a surfactant treatment, a silane coupling treatment, or the like can be given as the surface treatment. A plurality of them may be combined. It is also possible to provide any desired surface shape in the surface layer.
For example, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, acrylic rubber, chloroprene rubber, urethane rubber, silicone rubber, or the like can be given as a material for the compressed layer. When such a rubber material is formed, a porous rubber material may be formed by blending a predetermined amount of a vulcanizing agent, vulcanizing accelerator, or the like and further blending a foaming agent, or a filling agent such as hollow fine particles or salt as needed. Consequently, a bubble portion is compressed along with a volume change with respect to various pressure fluctuations, and thus deformation in directions other than a compression direction is small, making it possible to obtain more stable transferability and durability. As the porous rubber material, there are a material having an open cell structure in which respective pores continue to each other and a material having a closed cell structure in which the respective pores are independent of each other. However, either structure may be used, or both of these structures may be used.
As a member for the elastic layer, the various materials such as the resin and the ceramic can be used appropriately. In respect of processing characteristics, various materials of an elastomer material and a rubber material can be used. More specifically, for example, fluorosilicone rubber, phenyl silicone rubber, fluorine rubber, chloroprene rubber, urethane rubber, nitrile rubber, and the like can be given. In addition, ethylene propylene rubber, natural rubber, styrene rubber, isoprene rubber, butadiene rubber, the copolymer of ethylene/propylene/butadiene, nitrile-butadiene rubber, and the like can be given. In particular, silicone rubber, fluorosilicone rubber, and phenyl silicon rubber are advantageous in terms of dimensional stability and durability because of their small compression set. They are also advantageous in terms of transferability because of their small elasticity change by a temperature.
Between the surface layer and the elastic layer and between the elastic layer and the compressed layer, various adhesives or double-sided adhesive tapes can also be used in order to fix them to each other. The transfer member 2 may also include a reinforce layer high in compressive modulus in order to suppress elongation in a horizontal direction or maintain resilience when attached to the transfer drum 41. Woven fabric may be used as a reinforce layer. The transfer member 2 can be manufactured by combining the respective layers formed by the materials described above in any desired manner.
The outer peripheral surface of the pressurizing drum 42 is pressed against the transfer member 2. At least one grip mechanism which grips the leading edge portion of the print medium P is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the pressurizing drum 42. A plurality of grip mechanisms may be provided separately in the circumferential direction of the pressurizing drum 42. The ink image on the transfer member 2 is transferred to the print medium P when it passes through a nip portion between the pressurizing drum 42 and the transfer member 2 while being conveyed in tight contact with the outer peripheral surface of the pressurizing drum 42.
The transfer drum 41 and the pressurizing drum 42 can share a driving source such as a motor that drives them, and a driving force can be delivered by a transmission mechanism such as a gear mechanism.
<Peripheral Unit>
The peripheral units 5A to 5D are arranged around the transfer drum 41. In this embodiment, the peripheral units 5A to 5D are specifically an application unit, an absorption unit, a heating unit, and a cleaning unit in order.
The application unit 5A is a mechanism which applies the reactive liquid onto the transfer member 2 before the print unit 3 discharges ink. The reactive liquid is a liquid that contains a component increasing an ink viscosity. An increase in ink viscosity here means that a coloring material, a resin, and the like that form the ink react chemically or suck physically by contacting the component that increases the ink viscosity, recognizing the increase in ink viscosity. This increase in ink viscosity includes not only a case in which an increase in viscosity of entire ink is recognized but also a case in which a local increase in viscosity is generated by coagulating some of components such as the coloring material and the resin that form the ink.
The component that increases the ink viscosity can use, without particular limitation, a substance such as metal ions or a polymeric coagulant that causes a pH change in ink and coagulates the coloring material in the ink, and can use an organic acid. For example, a roller, a printhead, a die coating apparatus (die coater), a blade coating apparatus (blade coater), or the like can be given as a mechanism which applies the reactive liquid. If the reactive liquid is applied to the transfer member 2 before the ink is discharged to the transfer member 2, it is possible to immediately fix ink that reaches the transfer member 2. This makes it possible to suppress bleeding caused by mixing adjacent inks.
The absorption unit 5B is a mechanism which absorbs a liquid component from the ink image on the transfer member 2 before transfer. It is possible to suppress, for example, a blur of an image printed on the print medium P by decreasing the liquid component of the ink image. Describing a decrease in liquid component from another point of view, it is also possible to represent it as condensing ink that forms the ink image on the transfer member 2. Condensing the ink means increasing the content of a solid content such as a coloring material or a resin included in the ink with respect to the liquid component by decreasing the liquid component included in the ink.
The absorption unit 5B includes, for example, a liquid absorbing member that decreases the amount of the liquid component of the ink image by contacting the ink image. The liquid absorbing member may be formed on the outer peripheral surface of the roller or may be formed into an endless sheet-like shape and run cyclically. In terms of protection of the ink image, the liquid absorbing member may be moved in synchronism with the transfer member 2 by making the moving speed of the liquid absorbing member equal to the peripheral speed of the transfer member 2.
The liquid absorbing member may include a porous body that contacts the ink image. The pore size of the porous body on the surface that contacts the ink image may be equal to or smaller than 10 μm in order to suppress adherence of an ink solid content to the liquid absorbing member. The pore size here refers to an average diameter and can be measured by a known means such as a mercury intrusion technique, a nitrogen adsorption method, an SEM image observation, or the like. Note that the liquid component does not have a fixed shape, and is not particularly limited if it has fluidity and an almost constant volume. For example, water, an organic solvent, or the like contained in the ink or reactive liquid can be given as the liquid component.
The heating unit 5C is a mechanism which heats the ink image on the transfer member 2 before transfer. A resin in the ink image melts by heating the ink image, improving transferability to the print medium P. A heating temperature can be equal to or higher than the minimum film forming temperature (MFT) of the resin. The MFT can be measured by each apparatus that complies with a generally known method such as JIS K 6828-2: 2003 or ISO 2115: 1996. From the viewpoint of transferability and image robustness, the ink image may be heated at a temperature higher than the MFT by 10° C. or higher, or may further be heated at a temperature higher than the MFT by 20° C. or higher. The heating unit 5C can use a known heating device, for example, various lamps such as infrared rays, a warm air fan, or the like. An infrared heater can be used in terms of heating efficiency.
The cleaning unit 5D is a mechanism which cleans the transfer member 2 after transfer. The cleaning unit 5D removes ink remaining on the transfer member 2, dust on the transfer member 2, or the like. The cleaning unit 5D can use a known method, for example, a method of bringing a porous member into contact with the transfer member 2, a method of scraping the surface of the transfer member 2 with a brush, a method of scratching the surface of the transfer member 2 with a blade, or the like as needed. A known shape such as a roller shape or a web shape can be used for a cleaning member used for cleaning.
As described above, in this embodiment, the application unit 5A, the absorption unit 5B, the heating unit 5C, and the cleaning unit 5D are included as the peripheral units. However, cooling functions of the transfer member 2 may be applied, or cooling units may be added to these units. In this embodiment, the temperature of the transfer member 2 may be increased by heat of the heating unit 5C. If the ink image exceeds the boiling point of water as a prime solvent of ink after the print unit 3 discharges ink to the transfer member 2, performance of liquid component absorption by the absorption unit 5B may be degraded. It is possible to maintain the performance of liquid component absorption by cooling the transfer member 2 such that the temperature of the discharged ink is maintained below the boiling point of water.
The cooling unit may be an air blowing mechanism which blows air to the transfer member 2, or a mechanism which brings a member (for example, a roller) into contact with the transfer member 2 and cools this member by air-cooling or water-cooling. The cooling unit may be a mechanism which cools the cleaning member of the cleaning unit 5D. A cooling timing may be a period before application of the reactive liquid after transfer.
<Supply Unit>
The supply unit 6 is a mechanism which supplies ink to each printhead 30 of the print unit 3. The supply unit 6 may be provided on the rear side of the printing system 1. The supply unit 6 includes a reservoir TK that reserves ink for each kind of ink. Each reservoir TK may be made of a main tank and a sub tank. Each reservoir TK and a corresponding one of the printheads 30 communicate with each other by a liquid passageway 6a, and ink is supplied from the reservoir TK to the printhead 30. The liquid passageway 6a may circulate ink between the reservoirs TK and the printheads 30. The supply unit 6 may include, for example, a pump that circulates ink. A deaerating mechanism which deaerates bubbles in ink may be provided in the middle of the liquid passageway 6a or in each reservoir TK. A valve that adjusts the fluid pressure of ink and an atmospheric pressure may be provided in the middle of the liquid passageway 6a or in each reservoir TK. The heights of each reservoir TK and each printhead 30 in the Z direction may be designed such that the liquid surface of ink in the reservoir TK is positioned lower than the ink discharge surface of the printhead 30.
<Conveyance Apparatus>
The conveyance apparatus 1B is an apparatus that feeds the print medium P to the transfer unit 4 and discharges, from the transfer unit 4, the printed product P′ to which the ink image was transferred. The conveyance apparatus 1B includes a feeding unit 7, a plurality of conveyance drums 8 and 8a, two sprockets 8b, a chain 8c, and a collection unit 8d. In
The feeding unit 7 includes a stacking unit where the plurality of print media P are stacked and a feeding mechanism which feeds the print media P one by one from the stacking unit to the most upstream conveyance drum 8. Each of the conveyance drums 8 and 8a is a rotating body that rotates about the rotation axis in the Y direction and has a columnar outer peripheral surface. At least one grip mechanism which grips the leading edge portion of the print medium P (printed product P′) is provided on the outer peripheral surface of each of the conveyance drums 8 and 8a. A gripping operation and release operation of each grip mechanism may be controlled such that the print medium P is transferred between the adjacent conveyance drums.
The two conveyance drums 8a are used to reverse the print medium P. When the print medium P undergoes double-side printing, it is not transferred to the conveyance drum 8 adjacent on the downstream side but transferred to the conveyance drums 8a from the pressurizing drum 42 after transfer onto the surface. The print medium P is reversed via the two conveyance drums 8a and transferred to the pressurizing drum 42 again via the conveyance drums 8 on the upstream side of the pressurizing drum 42. Consequently, the reverse surface of the print medium P faces the transfer drum 41, transferring the ink image to the reverse surface.
The chain 8c is wound between the two sprockets 8b. One of the two sprockets 8b is a driving sprocket, and the other is a driven sprocket. The chain 8c runs cyclically by rotating the driving sprocket. The chain 8c includes a plurality of grip mechanisms spaced apart from each other in its longitudinal direction. Each grip mechanism grips the end of the printed product P′. The printed product P′ is transferred from the conveyance drum 8 positioned at a downstream end to each grip mechanism of the chain 8c, and the printed product P′ gripped by the grip mechanism is conveyed to the collection unit 8d by running the chain 8c, releasing gripping. Consequently, the printed product P′ is stacked in the collection unit 8d.
<Post Processing Unit>
The conveyance apparatus 1B includes post processing units 10A and 10B. The post processing units 10A and 10B are mechanisms which are arranged on the downstream side of the transfer unit 4, and perform post processing on the printed product P′. The post processing unit 10A performs processing on the obverse surface of the printed product P′, and the post processing unit 10B performs processing on the reverse surface of the printed product P′. The contents of the post processing includes, for example, coating that aims at protection, glossy, and the like of an image on the image printed surface of the printed product P′. For example, liquid application, sheet welding, lamination, and the like can be given as an example of coating.
<Inspection Unit>
The conveyance apparatus 1B includes inspection units 9A and 9B. The inspection units 9A and 9B are mechanisms which are arranged on the downstream side of the transfer unit 4, and inspect the printed product P′.
In this embodiment, the inspection unit 9A is an image capturing apparatus that captures an image printed on the printed product P′ and includes an image sensor, for example, a CCD sensor, a CMOS sensor, or the like. The inspection unit 9A captures a printed image while a printing operation is performed continuously. Based on the image captured by the inspection unit 9A, it is possible to confirm a temporal change in tint or the like of the printed image and determine whether to correct image data or print data. In this embodiment, the inspection unit 9A has an imaging range set on the outer peripheral surface of the pressurizing drum 42 and is arranged to be able to partially capture the printed image immediately after transfer. The inspection unit 9A may inspect all printed images or may inspect the images every predetermined sheets.
In this embodiment, the inspection unit 9B is also an image capturing apparatus that captures an image printed on the printed product P′ and includes an image sensor, for example, a CCD sensor, a CMOS sensor, or the like. The inspection unit 9B captures a printed image in a test printing operation. The inspection unit 9B can capture the entire printed image. Based on the image captured by the inspection unit 9B, it is possible to perform basic settings for various correction operations regarding print data. In this embodiment, the inspection unit 9B is arranged at a position to capture the printed product P′ conveyed by the chain 8c. When the inspection unit 9B captures the printed image, it captures the entire image by temporarily suspending the run of the chain 8c. The inspection unit 9B may be a scanner that scans the printed product P′.
<Control Unit>
A control unit of the printing system 1 will be described next.
Original data to be the source of a printed image is generated or saved in the host apparatus HC1. The original data here is generated in the format of, for example, an electronic file such as a document file or an image file. This original data is transmitted to the higher level apparatus HC2. In the higher level apparatus HC2, the received original data is converted into a data format (for example, RGB data that represents an image by RGB) available by the control unit 13. The converted data is transmitted from the higher level apparatus HC2 to the control unit 13 as image data. The control unit 13 starts a printing operation based on the received image data.
In this embodiment, the control unit 13 is roughly divided into a main controller 13A and an engine controller 13B. The main controller 13A includes a processing unit 131, a storage unit 132, an operation unit 133, an image processing unit 134, a communication I/F (interface) 135, a buffer 136, and a communication I/F 137.
The processing unit 131 is a processor such as a CPU, executes programs stored in the storage unit 132, and controls the entire main controller 13A. The storage unit 132 is a storage device such as a RAM, a ROM, a hard disk, or an SSD, stores data and the programs executed by the processing unit (CPU) 131, and provides the processing unit (CPU) 131 with a work area. The operation unit 133 is, for example, an input device such as a touch panel, a keyboard, or a mouse and accepts a user instruction.
The image processing unit 134 is, for example, an electronic circuit including an image processing processor. The buffer 136 is, for example, a RAM, a hard disk, or an SSD. The communication I/F 135 communicates with the higher level apparatus HC2, and the communication I/F 137 communicates with the engine controller 13B. In
As shown in
The engine control unit 14 controls the entire engine controller 13B. The printing control unit 15A converts print data received from the main controller 13A into raster data or the like in a data format suitable for driving of the printheads 30. The printing control unit 15A controls discharge of each printhead 30.
The transfer control unit 15B controls the application unit 5A, the absorption unit 5B, the heating unit 5C, and the cleaning unit 5D.
The reliability control unit 15C controls the supply unit 6, the recovery unit 12, and a driving mechanism which moves the print unit 3 between the discharge position POS1 and the recovery position POS3.
The conveyance control unit 15D controls driving of the transfer unit 4 and controls the conveyance apparatus 1B. The inspection control unit 15E controls the inspection unit 9B and the inspection unit 9A.
Of the sensor group/actuator group 16, the sensor group includes a sensor that detects the position and speed of a movable part, a sensor that detects a temperature, an image sensor, and the like. The actuator group includes a motor, an electromagnetic solenoid, an electromagnetic valve, and the like.
The ink image IM on the transfer member 2 moves along with the rotation of the transfer member 2. When the ink image IM reaches the absorption unit 5B, as shown in a state ST3, the absorption unit 5B absorbs a liquid component from the ink image IM. When the ink image IM reaches the heating unit 5C, as shown in a state ST4, the heating unit 5C heats the ink image IM, a resin in the ink image IM melts, and a film of the ink image IM is formed. In synchronism with such formation of the ink image IM, the conveyance apparatus 1B conveys the print medium P.
As shown in a state ST5, the ink image IM and the print medium P reach the nip portion between the transfer member 2 and the pressurizing drum 42, the ink image IM is transferred to the print medium P, and the printed product P′ is formed. Passing through the nip portion, the inspection unit 9A captures an image printed on the printed product P′ and inspects the printed image. The conveyance apparatus 1B conveys the printed product P′ to the collection unit 8d.
When a portion where the ink image IM on the transfer member 2 is formed reaches the cleaning unit 5D, it is cleaned by the cleaning unit 5D as shown in a state ST6. After the cleaning, the transfer member 2 rotates once, and transfer of the ink image to the print medium P is performed repeatedly in the same procedure. The description above has been given such that transfer of the ink image IM to one print medium P is performed once in one rotation of the transfer member 2 for the sake of easy understanding. It is possible, however, to continuously perform transfer of the ink image IM to the plurality of print media P in one rotation of the transfer member 2.
Each printhead 30 needs maintenance if such a printing operation continues.
<Absorption Unit>
A detailed example of the absorption unit 5B will be described with reference to
The absorption unit 5B includes a liquid absorbing member 50, a driving unit 51 that cyclically moves the liquid absorbing member 50, a displacing unit 512, a plurality of kinds of recovery units 52 to 54, a preprocessing unit 55, and a detection unit 56.
The liquid absorbing member 50 is an absorber that absorbs the liquid component from the ink image IM and is a liquid absorbing sheet formed into an endless belt in the example of
The liquid absorbing member 50 may be formed by a single layer but may be formed by multiple layers. A double layer structure of an obverse layer and a reverse layer is exemplified here. The obverse layer forms a first surface 50a contacting the ink image IM, and the reverse layer forms a second surface 50b. The liquid absorbing member 50 absorbs the liquid component of the ink image IM on the transfer member 2. The liquid component of the ink image IM penetrates from the obverse layer into the liquid absorbing member 50 and further penetrates into the reverse layer. The ink image IM moves toward the heating unit 5C with a decreased liquid component.
Each of the obverse layer and the reverse layer can be made of a porous material. The average pore size of the reverse layer can be made larger than that of the obverse layer in order to increase absorption performance of the liquid component while suppressing adherence of the coloring material. This makes it possible to promote movement of the liquid component from the obverse layer to the reverse layer.
A material for the obverse layer may be, for example, a hydrophilic material whose contact angle with respect to water is less than 90° or a water-repellent material whose contact angle with respect to water is 90° or more. For the hydrophilic material, the material may have the contact angle with respect to water to be 40° or less. The contact angle may be measured complying with a technique described in, for example, “6. static method” of JIS R3257.
The hydrophilic material has an effect of drawing up a liquid by a capillary force. Cellulose, polyacrylamide, or a composite material of these can be given as the hydrophilic material. When the water-repellent material is used, a hydrophilic treatment may be performed on its surface. A method such as sputter etching can be given as the hydrophilic treatment.
For example, a fluorine resin can be given as the water-repellent material. For example, polytetrafluoroethylene, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, or the like can be given as the fluorine resin. A time may be taken until the effect of drawing up the liquid is exerted when the water-repellent material is used for the obverse layer. To cope with this, a liquid whose contact angle with the obverse layer is less than 90° may be impregnated into the obverse layer.
For example, resin-fiber nonwoven fabric or woven fabric can be given as a material for the reverse layer. The material for the reverse layer may have the contact angle of water equal to or larger than that for the obverse layer because the liquid component does not flow backward from the reverse layer to the obverse layer. For example, polyolefin, polyurethane, polyamide such as nylon, polyester, polysulfone, or a composite material of these can be given as the material for the reverse layer.
For example, adhesive lamination, thermal lamination, or the like can be given as a laminating method of the obverse layer and the reverse layer.
The driving unit 51 is a mechanism which supports the liquid absorbing member 50 such that it can rotate and move cyclically so as to pass through the liquid absorbing position A, and includes a drive rotating body 510 and a plurality of driven rotating bodies 511b to 511h. The drive rotating body 510 and the driven rotating bodies 511 are rollers or pulleys around which the swath liquid absorbing member 50 is wound and are supported rotatably about an axis in the Y direction.
The drive rotating body 510 is a conveyance rotating body such as a conveyance roller that rotates by a driving force of a motor M, and rotates and moves the liquid absorbing member 50. The driven rotating bodies 511b to 511h are supported freely rotatably. In this embodiment, these drive rotating body 510 and driven rotating bodies 511b to 511h define a rotational moving path of the liquid absorbing member 50. The rotational moving path of the liquid absorbing member 50 is a zigzag path winding up and down when viewed from a rotating direction (arrow d2). This makes it possible to use the longer liquid absorbing member 50 in a smaller space and decrease a replacement frequency upon performance deterioration in the liquid absorbing member 50.
The driven rotating body 511b includes a tension adjustment mechanism 513. The tension adjustment mechanism 513 is a mechanism which adjusts the tension of the liquid absorbing member 50 and includes a support member 513a, a moving mechanism 513b, and a sensor 513c. The support member 513a supports the driven rotating body 511b rotatably about the axis in the Y direction. The moving mechanism 513b is a mechanism which moves the support member 513a and is, for example, an electrically-driven cylinder. The moving mechanism 513b can displace the position of the driven rotating body 511b, adjusting the tension of the liquid absorbing member 50. The sensor 513c detects the tension of the liquid absorbing member 50. In this embodiment, the sensor 513c detects a load received by the moving mechanism 513b. The tension of the liquid absorbing member 50 can be controlled automatically by controlling the moving mechanism 513b based on a detection result of the sensor 513c.
The displacing unit 512 is a mechanism which displaces the liquid absorbing member 50 between a contact state in which the liquid absorbing member 50 contacts the transfer member 2 and a retracted state in which the liquid absorbing member 50 is separated from the transfer member 2. In this embodiment, the displacing unit 512 acts on a part of the liquid absorbing member 50, and displaces the liquid absorbing member 50 between a state in which the part contacts the transfer member 2 and a state in which the part is separated from the transfer member 2. However, the displacing unit 512 may move the liquid absorbing member 50 as a unit.
The displacing unit 512 includes a movable member 512a and a pressing mechanism 512b. The movable member 512a is arranged facing the transfer member 2 and has a peripheral surface where the liquid absorbing member 50 slidably moves. The pressing mechanism 512b is a mechanism which moves the movable member 512a forward/backward with respect to the transfer member 2 and is, for example, an electrically-driven cylinder. The part of the liquid absorbing member 50 is pressed against the transfer member 2 (toward the transfer drum) via the movable member 512a by driving the pressing mechanism 512b.
When the liquid absorbing member 50 is displaced to the contact state, the liquid absorbing member 50 and the transfer member 2 contact each other at the liquid absorbing position A. At the liquid absorbing position A, the liquid absorbing member 50 is nipped by the transfer member 2 and the movable member 512a. The liquid absorbing member 50 is advantageously pressed against the transfer member 2 in terms of liquid absorption efficiency. During a printing operation, the driving unit 51 controls the liquid absorbing member 50 so as to move at a velocity equal to a peripheral velocity of the transfer member 2. This prevents friction between the liquid absorbing member 50 and the transfer member 2 or the ink image IM.
The retracted state can be at a position where the liquid absorbing member 50 can be separated from the transfer member 2, and a distance at which the part of the liquid absorbing member 50 moves between the contact state and the retracted state can be short. A direction in which the part of the liquid absorbing member 50 moves between the contact state and the retracted state, that is, the pressing/releasing direction of the pressing mechanism 512b is a direction crossing the tangential direction of the transfer member 2 at the liquid absorbing position A and is, for example, a perpendicular direction.
The liquid absorbing member 50 is arranged to contact or separate from the transfer member 2 freely by providing the displacing unit 512, making it easier to perform a maintenance operation or warm-up of the transfer member 2 and liquid absorbing member 50 individually.
Referring back to
The detection unit 56 is a sensor that detects passage of a predetermined portion of the liquid absorbing member 50 at a predetermined position on the moving path of the liquid absorbing member 50. For example, the liquid absorbing member 50 includes a marker, and the detection unit 56 is a sensor that detects this marker. The marker is, for example, a marker different in color from another portion of the liquid absorbing member 50 (for example, the liquid absorbing member 50 is white, and the marker is black). The detection unit 56 is, for example, a reflective photosensor. The detection unit 56 detects the marker, and the sensor SR1 detects the moving amount of the liquid absorbing member 50, making it possible to recognize a portion of the liquid absorbing member 50 that passes through the liquid absorbing position A, the circulation count of the liquid absorbing member 50, or the like.
The cleaning unit 52, the application unit 53, and the collection unit 54 (to be collectively referred to as recovery units hereinafter) are apparatuses that recover the liquid absorption performance of the liquid absorbing member 50. By providing such recovery mechanisms, it is possible to suppress the performance deterioration in the liquid absorbing member 50 and maintain the liquid absorption performance for a longer time. This makes it possible to decrease the replacement frequency of the liquid absorbing member 50.
In this embodiment, the three kinds of recovery units 52 to 54 different in function are arranged in the middle of the moving path of the liquid absorbing member 50. However, only one recovery unit may be provided. Alternatively, a plurality of recovery units having a common function may be provided.
The cleaning unit 52 and the application unit 53 perform processes on the first surface 50a, and the collection unit 54 performs a process on the second surface 50b. By performing the different processes for the first surface 50a and the second surface 50b, it is possible to recover the liquid absorption performance of the liquid absorbing member 50 more properly.
The cleaning unit 52 is an apparatus that cleans the liquid absorbing member 50. The cleaning unit 52 includes a cleaning roller 521, a reservoir 522, a support member 523, and a moving mechanism 524. The support member 523 supports the cleaning roller 521 rotatably about the axis in the Y direction and also supports the reservoir 522. A cleaning liquid 522a is reserved in the reservoir 522. The cleaning roller 521 is partially immersed in the cleaning liquid 522a. The moving mechanism 524 is a mechanism which moves the support member 523 and is, for example, an electrically-driven cylinder. The cleaning roller 521 and the reservoir 522 also move when the support member 523 moves. They move in the direction of an arrow d3 (here, the vertical direction) between a cleaning position at which the cleaning roller 521 contacts the liquid absorbing member 50 and a retracted position at which the cleaning roller 521 is separated from the liquid absorbing member 50.
The cleaning roller 521 is arranged facing the driven rotating body 511c. The liquid absorbing member 50 is nipped by the cleaning roller 521 and the driven rotating body 511c when the cleaning roller 521 moves to the cleaning position. The cleaning roller 521 rotates in accordance with rotation and movement of the liquid absorbing member 50. The peripheral surface of the cleaning roller 521 is formed by, for example, a cohesive material and removes a dust particle (paper dust or the like) adhered to the first surface 50a of the liquid absorbing member 50 by contacting the first surface 50a. For example, rubber of butyl, silicone, urethan, or the like can be given as a material for the peripheral surface of the cleaning roller 521. The cleaning liquid 522a is, for example, a surfactant and can use a liquid that promotes separation of a dust particle adhered to the cleaning roller 521. The reservoir 522 may include a wiper that promotes separation of a dust particle by contacting the surface of the cleaning roller 521.
In this embodiment, an arrangement that removes the dust particle adhered to the first surface 50a of the liquid absorbing member 50 by the cleaning roller 521 is adopted. However, another arrangement such as an arrangement that removes the dust particle by blowing air may also be adopted.
The application unit 53 is an apparatus that applies a moisturizing liquid to the liquid absorbing member 50. The application unit 53 includes an application roller 531, a reservoir 532, a support member 533, and a moving mechanism 534. The support member 533 supports the application roller 531 rotatably about the axis in the Y direction and also supports the reservoir 532. A moisturizing liquid 532a is reserved in the reservoir 532. The application roller 531 is partially immersed in the moisturizing liquid 532a. The moving mechanism 534 is a mechanism which moves the support member 533 and is, for example, an electrically-driven cylinder. The application roller 531 and the reservoir 532 also move when the support member 533 moves. They move in the direction of an arrow d4 (here, the vertical direction) between an application position at which the application roller 531 contacts the liquid absorbing member 50 and a retracted position at which the application roller 531 is separated from the liquid absorbing member 50.
The application roller 531 is arranged facing the driven rotating body 511d. The liquid absorbing member 50 is nipped by the application roller 531 and the driven rotating body 511d when the application roller 531 moves to the application position. The application roller 531 rotates in accordance with rotation and movement of the liquid absorbing member 50. The peripheral surface of the application roller 531 is formed by, for example, rubber and supplies the moisturizing liquid 532a reserved in the reservoir 532 to the first surface 50a of the liquid absorbing member 50 by drawing the moisturizing liquid 532a. The moisturizing liquid 532a is, for example, water. The moisturizing liquid 532a may contain a water-soluble organic solvent or a surfactant.
The first surface 50a may be thickened by using the liquid absorbing member 50, and this may degrade absorption performance of the liquid component from the ink image IM. It is possible to suppress thickening of the first surface 50a and maintain the absorption performance of the liquid component by applying the moisturizing liquid 532a to the first surface 50a.
In this embodiment, an arrangement that draws the moisturizing liquid 532a to the first surface 50a of the liquid absorbing member 50 by the application roller 531 is adopted. However, another arrangement such as an arrangement that sprays the moisturizing liquid 532a to the first surface 50a by a nozzle may also be adopted.
The collection unit 54 is an apparatus that removes the liquid component from the liquid absorbing member 50. The collection unit 54 includes a removing roller 540, a reservoir 541 that stores the removed liquid component, a support member 543, and a moving mechanism 544. The support member 543 supports the removing roller 540 rotatably about the axis in the Y direction and also supports the reservoir 541. The moving mechanism 544 is a mechanism which moves the support member 543 and is, for example, an electrically-driven cylinder. The removing roller 540 and the reservoir 541 also move together with the support member 543. They are moved in the direction of an arrow d6 (here, the right-and-left direction) between a removal position at which the removing roller 540 contacts the liquid absorbing member 50 and a retracted position at which the removing roller 540 is separated from the liquid absorbing member 50.
The removing roller 540 is arranged facing the driven rotating body 511f The liquid absorbing member 50 is nipped by the removing roller 540 and the driven rotating body 511f when the removing roller 540 moves to a removal position. The removing roller 540 rotates in accordance with rotation and movement of the liquid absorbing member 50. The liquid absorbing member 50 is sandwiched between the removing roller 540 and the driven rotating body 511f, squeezing out the liquid component absorbed by the liquid absorbing member 50. In that sense, the driven rotating body 511f commonly uses a part of the collection unit 54.
In the collection unit 54, the second surface 50b of the liquid absorbing member 50 is located on the lower side in a gravity direction, and the first surface 50a is located on the upper side in the gravity direction. Therefore, it is more likely that the liquid component is squeezed out of the side of the second surface 50b than of the side of the first surface 50a and falls due to gravity. It is possible to ensure a region for absorbing the liquid component in the reverse layer and recover the liquid absorption performance of the liquid absorbing member 50 by promoting removal of the liquid component from the second surface 50b. It is also possible to suppress drying of the first surface 50a to which the moisturizing liquid is applied by the application unit 53.
As described above, in this embodiment, an arrangement is adopted in which the cleaning unit 52, the application unit 53, and the collection unit 54 perform the recovery operation in the processing order of the removal of the dust particle, moisturizing, and the removal of the liquid component from an upstream side to a downstream side in the rotational moving direction of the liquid absorbing member 50. The processing order is not limited to this. According to the processing order of this embodiment, however, the application unit 53 moisturizes the first surface 50a after the cleaning unit 52 cleans the first surface 50a, making it possible to promote the removal of the dust particle and an improvement in moisture retention. Moreover, the collection unit 54 removes the liquid component relatively on the downstream side, making it possible to remove the liquid component in a place where the second surface 50b moves at a high position in the gravity direction. This has the advantage that the removed liquid component is easily collected by using gravity.
The preprocessing unit 55 will be described next. The preprocessing unit 55 is an apparatus that mainly performs preprocessing for making full use of the liquid absorption performance of the liquid absorbing member 50 in a short time at the start of the operation of the printing system 1 or the like. In this embodiment, a preprocessing liquid is applied to the first surface 50a of the liquid absorbing member 50, improving a rise in liquid absorption performance. For example, when an obverse layer 501 is made of the water-repellent material, the preprocessing liquid can use a surfactant. F-444 (trade name, available from DIC) or ZonylFS3100 (trade name, available from DuPont) of a fluorochemical surfactant, CapstoneFS-3100 (trade name, available from The Chemours CompanyLCC), BYK349 (trade name, available from BYK) of a silicone-based surfactant, or the like is given as the surfactant.
The preprocessing unit 55 includes an application roller 551, a reservoir 552, a support member 553, and a moving mechanism 554. The support member 553 supports the application roller 551 rotatably about the axis in the Y direction and also supports the reservoir 552. A preprocessing liquid 552a is reserved in the reservoir 552. The application roller 551 is partially immersed in the preprocessing liquid 552a. The moving mechanism 554 is a mechanism which moves the support member 553 and is, for example, an electrically-driven cylinder. The application roller 551 and the reservoir 552 also move when the support member 553 moves. They move in the direction of an arrow d5 (here, the horizontal direction) between an application position at which the application roller 551 contacts the liquid absorbing member 50 and a retracted position at which the application roller 551 is separated from the liquid absorbing member 50.
With this arrangement, the absorption unit 5B absorbs the liquid component from the ink image IM on the transfer member 2 by the liquid absorbing member 50. The liquid component can be absorbed from the ink image IM continuously by absorbing the liquid component simultaneously with cyclical movement of the liquid absorbing member 50. In addition, the liquid absorption performance of the liquid absorbing member 50 can be maintained for a longer period of time by providing the cleaning unit 52, the application unit 53, and the collection unit 54, making it possible to prolong a replacement cycle of the liquid absorbing member 50.
<Example of Recovery Operation>
During the printing operation, the displacing unit 512 displaces the liquid absorbing member 50 to the contact state. The cleaning unit 52, the application unit 53, and the collection unit 54 can perform control so as to perform the recovery operation during the printing operation. This makes it possible to perform the printing operation while maintaining the liquid absorption performance of the liquid absorbing member 50.
On the other hand, in a state in which the liquid absorbing member 50 is in the contact state, a residue on the transfer member 2 may adhere to the liquid absorbing member 50. Therefore, recovery efficiency of the liquid absorbing member 50 is not necessarily high.
It is therefore possible to perform the recovery operation by the cleaning unit 52, the application unit 53, and the collection unit 54 while displacing the liquid absorbing member 50 to the retracted state by the displacing unit 512 and circulating the liquid absorbing member 50 by the driving unit 51. The recovery operation in this case will be referred to as an idling recovery operation for the sake of convenience. The idling recovery operation can recover the liquid absorption performance of the liquid absorbing member 50 efficiently in a short time because the residue on the transfer member 2 does not newly adhere to the liquid absorbing member 50. It is also possible, by cleaning the liquid absorbing member 50, to prevent a liquid component absorbed by the liquid absorbing member 50 from drying and fixing to the liquid absorbing member 50 after a system is stopped.
The idling recovery operation can be performed after the printing operation. More specifically, the idling recovery operation can be performed, for example, during a print job of performing a print operation of one unit. Alternatively, the idling recovery operation may be performed after the last printing operation before the system is stopped.
An example of control of the idling recovery operation will be described with reference to
In step S1, the displacing unit 512 displaces the liquid absorbing member 50 to the retracted state. In step S2, rotation and movement of the liquid absorbing member 50 by the driving unit 51 are stopped temporarily. After rotation and movement of the liquid absorbing member 50 are stopped, a recovery preparation operation is performed in step S3. Here, a state in which the recovery units 52 to 54 can perform the recovery operation is set. For example, if the cleaning roller 521 of the cleaning unit 52 is at the retracted position, the cleaning roller 521 moves to a cleaning position. If the application roller 531 of the application unit 53 is at the retracted position, the application roller 531 moves to an application position. If the removing roller 540 of the collection unit 54 is at the retracted position, the removing roller 540 moves to a removal position. A supply apparatus (not shown) may supply the cleaning liquid 522a and the moisturizing liquid 532a.
In step S4, rotation and movement of the liquid absorbing member 50 by the driving unit 51 are resumed. Consequently, the recovery operation for liquid absorption performance of the liquid absorbing member 50 by the recovery units 52 to 54 is performed. In step S5, it is determined whether an end condition for the idling recovery operation holds. As the end condition, for example, the elapse of time (for example, from a few minutes to ten minutes) or the circulation count (for example, 100) of the liquid absorbing member 50 can be given.
In step S5, end processing is performed. For example, the recovery operation by the recovery units 52 to 54 is terminated (each respective roller is moved to the retracted position), or movement of the liquid absorbing member 50 by the driving unit 51 is stopped. Then, one processing operation ends. After that, depending on a system status, movement of the liquid absorbing member 50, displacement of the liquid absorbing member 50 to the contact state by the displacing unit 512, resumption of the printing operation, or the like is performed.
Note that in the example of
In the idling recovery operation, all the recovery units 52 to 54 may be caused to perform the recovery operation, or some of the recovery units may perform the recovery operation. For example, only application of the moisturizing liquid by the application unit 53 may be performed, or two operations of applying the moisturizing liquid by the application unit 53 and removing the liquid component by the collection unit 54 may be performed. The recovery operation by some of the recovery units may be terminated in the middle of the idling recovery operation. No dust particle or the like adheres to the liquid absorbing member 50 from the side of the transfer member 2 during the idling recovery operation. Therefore, the recovery operation by all the recovery units 52 to 54 may be performed at the start of the idling recovery operation, and cleaning by the cleaning unit 52 may be terminated first in the middle of the operation.
Between the idling recovery operation and a normal recovery operation (a recovery operation during the printing operation), operating conditions of the driving unit 51 and the recovery units 52 to 54 may be different. A detailed example will be described. For example, in the idling recovery operation, the moving mechanism 544 may increase a nip pressure of the removing roller 540 on the driven rotating body 511f in the collection unit 54. The liquid component absorbed by the liquid absorbing member 50 is squeezed easily, making it possible to recover the liquid absorption capacity of the liquid absorbing member 50 in an early stage.
In terms of preventing the liquid absorbing member 50 from drying, it is advantageous that the application amount of the moisturizing liquid 532a to the liquid absorbing member 50 is increased in the idling recovery operation. Therefore, in the idling recovery operation, the rotational moving velocity of the liquid absorbing member 50 may be made higher or conversely, may be made lower than in the normal recovery operation. If the liquid absorbing member 50 is a sheet having comparatively high water absorption, it is possible, by increasing the rotational moving velocity of the liquid absorbing member 50 in the idling recovery operation, to expect an increase in application amount of the moisturizing liquid 532a by the application roller 531 by winding. If the liquid absorbing member 50 is a sheet having comparatively low water absorption, it is possible, by decreasing the rotational moving velocity of the liquid absorbing member 50 in the idling recovery operation, to prolong an action time (application time) of the moisturizing liquid 532a on the liquid absorbing member 50 and to expect the increase in application amount.
The application amount of the moisturizing liquid 532a to the liquid absorbing member 50 may be increased by the arrangement of the recovery unit 53.
In the above embodiment, the print unit 3 includes the plurality of printheads 30. However, an arrangement may include one printhead 30. The printhead 30 need not be a full-line head but may be of a serial type that forms an ink image by discharging ink from the printhead 30 while a carriage that mounts the printhead 30 moves in a Y direction.
A conveyance mechanism of a print medium P may adopt another method such as a method of nipping and conveying the print medium P by a pair of rollers. In the method of conveying the print medium P by the pair of rollers or the like, a roll sheet may be used as the print medium P, and a printed product P′ may be formed by cutting the roll sheet after transfer.
In the above embodiment, the transfer member 2 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the transfer drum 41. However, another method such as a method of forming a transfer member 2 into an endless swath and cyclically rotational moving it may be used.
Embodiment(s) of the present invention can also be realized by a computer of a system or apparatus that reads out and executes computer executable instructions (e.g., one or more programs) recorded on a storage medium (which may also be referred to more fully as a ‘non-transitory computer-readable storage medium’) to perform the functions of one or more of the above-described embodiment(s) and/or that includes one or more circuits (e.g., application specific integrated circuit (ASIC)) for performing the functions of one or more of the above-described embodiment(s), and by a method performed by the computer of the system or apparatus by, for example, reading out and executing the computer executable instructions from the storage medium to perform the functions of one or more of the above-described embodiment(s) and/or controlling the one or more circuits to perform the functions of one or more of the above-described embodiment(s). The computer may comprise one or more processors (e.g., central processing unit (CPU), micro processing unit (MPU)) and may include a network of separate computers or separate processors to read out and execute the computer executable instructions. The computer executable instructions may be provided to the computer, for example, from a network or the storage medium. The storage medium may include, for example, one or more of a hard disk, a random-access memory (RAM), a read only memory (ROM), a storage of distributed computing systems, an optical disk (such as a compact disc (CD), digital versatile disc (DVD), or Blu-ray Disc (BD)™), a flash memory device, a memory card, and the like.
While the present invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments. The scope of the following claims is to be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and equivalent structures and functions.
This application claims the benefits of Japanese Patent Application No. 2017-131493, filed Jul. 4, 2017, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2017-131493 | Jul 2017 | JP | national |
