1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a printing apparatus, for example to an ink jet printing apparatus which prints by discharging a liquid such as ink.
2. Description of the Related Art
In ink jet printing apparatuses, to realize a high-quality image, a high conveyance accuracy of a sheet-like printing media (in the present specification, simply referred to as a “sheet”) is required. Recently, to control conveyance with a higher degree of accuracy, direct sensors are being realized which directly detect a movement amount of the sheet by imaging the sheet surface and then performing image processing. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 7,104,710 discusses a technique for controlling conveyance by using a direct sensor. In the apparatus discussed in that document, the direct sensor is provided on a carriage which mounts a print head, or at a position facing a discharge port face of the print head.
However, in this configuration the sheet can only be imaged at a position where the direct sensor is fixed in the sheet conveyance direction. Therefore, during sheet conveyance, the sheet may not be present at a sensing position of the direct sensor in a certain period (hereinafter, referred to as “sensing disabled period”). For example, in a case where an image is printed by a multipass method during printing on a trailing edge or a leading edge of the sheet, if the sheet edge portion deviates from the sensing position during printing, thereby making sensing impossible, conveyance cannot be controlled with a high degree of accuracy. As a result, there is the problem that the quality of that portion cannot be guaranteed.
In addition, in this configuration, if the direct sensor provided on the carriage is single, it is difficult to obtain a detection region exceeding the movable stroke of the reciprocating carriage, and there is the possibility of being impossible of covering the maximum sheet width. If the direct sensor is provided to be offset to the side of one end (e.g. reference side) of the moving direction on the carriage, the very end of the sheet can be read when the carriage moves to the side of the end. However, when the carriage moves to the other end (non-reference side), it is impossible to read the very end of the sheet with the direct sensor.
The present invention is directed to a printing apparatus. More specifically, the present invention is directed to a printing apparatus which can reduce the sensing disabled period of the direct sensor.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a printing apparatus, comprising: a conveying mechanism which moves a sheet in a sub-scan direction; a printing unit which performs printing on the sheet, the printing unit holding a print head in which a recording element array is formed, the printing unit including a carriage reciprocating along a main scan direction intersecting the sub-scan direction; and a direct sensor unit including a plurality of image sensors for imaging the sheet, the direct sensor unit performing signal processing of outputs of the image sensors to detect a movement of the sheet, wherein the plurality of image sensors are provided on the carriage at least at two positions with at least the recording element array diagonally put between the two positions.
Further features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail in accordance with the accompanying drawings.
As illustrated in
Furthermore, the head cartridge 1 is provided with a connector for giving and receiving a signal for driving the print head, and the like. The carriage 2 is provided with a connector holder for transmitting a drive signal and the like to the head cartridge 1 through the connector.
The apparatus main body of the ink jet printing apparatus is provided with a guide shaft 3. The carriage 2 is supported to be guided by the guide shaft 3, and is adapted to be able to reciprocate along the axial direction of the guide shaft 3 in the scan direction (main scan direction), which is the direction of an arrow A in
Furthermore, the carriage 2 is provided with a home position sensor 30. The home position sensor 30 is adapted to enable the detection of the presence of the carriage 2 at the home position thereof by the passage of the home position sensor 30 over a shielding plate 36 at the home position.
A sheet 8, such as a sheet of print paper and a plastic thin plate, as the sheet, is loaded on an auto sheet feeder (ASF) 32 to be held thereon before the performance of a printing operation. When the printing operation is started, a feed motor 35 is driven, and the driving force thereof is transmitted to a pickup roller 31 through a gear. Thereby, the pickup roller 31 is rotated, and the sheet 8 is separated from the auto sheet feeder 32 sheet by sheet to be conveyed to a printing unit 37.
Successively, the sheet 8 is conveyed into a conveyance direction (sub-scan direction), which is the direction of an arrow B, at a predetermined conveyance speed as a conveyance roller 1001 rotates, and passes the position opposed to the nozzle array 29 of the head cartridge 1. In the sub-scan direction, the upper side of the nozzle array 29 is called an upstream side, and the lower side of the nozzle array 29 is called a downstream side. Moreover, the main scan direction and the sub-scan direction intersect each other (crossing at right angles).
As illustrated in
The conveyance roller 1001 is rotationally driven by the transmission of a rotary driving force by a carriage motor 1008, as a conveyance unit, through a gear. Timing belts may be used as the transmission mechanisms of the driving forces of the feed motor 35 and the carriage motor 1008. The second conveyance roller 1002 is also adapted to rotate and convey the sheet 8 as the first conveyance roller 1001 rotates. The driving force by the carriage motor 1008 is transmitted to the first conveyance roller 1001 and the second conveyance roller 1002 with a transmission gear train, and the first conveyance roller 1001 and the second conveyance roller 1002 severally convey the sheet 8 at almost the same speeds. Incidentally, the second conveyance roller 1002 may be adapted to be driven by a drive source different from that of the first conveyance roller 1001.
The nozzle array 29 of the head cartridge 1 mounted on the carriage 2 is held to be parallel to the sheet 8 between the two conveyance roller pairs. Furthermore, the sheet 8 is supported by a platen 10 by the back surface of the sheet 8 so as to form a flat surface to be printed in the printing unit 37. A plurality of ribs (not illustrated) is formed on the platen 10, and the sheet 8 is supported by the ribs. Then, when the sheet 8 passes the printing unit 37, the head cartridge 1 discharges ink to the sheet 8 on the basis of a predetermined image signal.
A groove 11 for enabling edgeless printing is formed in the platen 10, and an ink absorber 12 for receiving ink is held in the groove 11.
A paper sensor 33 capable of detecting the existence of the sheet 8 is arranged over the conveyance path of the sheet 8. At the time of feeding the sheet 8, the paper sensor 33 determines whether the feeding of the sheet 8 has been normally performed or not. Moreover, the timing at which the paper sensor 33 detects the front end of the sheet 8 is sometimes used also for deciding a printing starting position of the fed sheet 8. Furthermore, at the final stage of a printing operation, the paper sensor 33 is sometimes used also for deducing the position on the sheet 8 at which printing is performed now by grasping the position of the rear end in the subsequent printing operation by detecting the rear end of the sheet 8.
A direct sensor unit capable of directly detecting the movement of the sheet 8 is provided on the carriage 2. The direct sensor unit includes four image sensors 702, 703, 704, and 705 as imaging units. The image sensors 702, 703, 704, and 705 are provided at the four corners with the nozzle array 29 of the print head diagonally put therebetween. The image sensors 702, 703, 704, and 705 are provided at four positions on the upstream side and the downstream side of the groove 11 of the platen 10 put therebetween, and on the reference side a1 and the non-reference side a2 of the nozzle array 29. That is, the plurality of image sensors 702 to 705 are provided at a plurality of separated positions on the carriage 2, in the main scan direction and/or the sub-scan direction.
The image sensors 702, 703, 704, and 705 may be provided on the head cartridge 1 to be indirectly provided on the carriage 2 in place of being provided on the carriage 2. Moreover, the plurality of image sensors 702 to 705 may be provided at two positions at the upper stream on the non-reference side a2 and at the lower stream on the reference side a1, or may be provided at two positions at the upper stream on the reference side a1 and at the lower stream on the non-reference side a2. That is, the plurality of image sensors 702 to 705 has only to be provided at least at two positions on the carriage 2 with the nozzle array 29 diagonally put between the two positions. Moreover, a sensor array may be further added at another position.
The image sensors 702, 703, 704, and 705 severally radiate a detection light to the sheet 8, and severally obtain a reflected light from the surface of the sheet 8 as image information at a time different from each other. Then, the direct sensor unit detects the moving state (conveyance amount or conveyance speed) of the sheet 8 by comparing a part of the image information previously obtained by the image sensors 702, 703, 704 and 705 with the subsequently obtained image information by image correlation processing including pattern matching processing.
As illustrated in
The present embodiment is a serial printing apparatus, and the nozzle arrays 22 are arranged in the direction intersecting (crossing at right angles) the scan direction of the carriage 2. Then, the main scan to discharge ink from each of the nozzle arrays 22 while the carriage 2 is moved to perform a scan and the sub-scan to convey the sheet 8 by a predetermined amount in the direction intersecting (crossing at right angles) the main scan direction are alternately repeated, and thereby an image is sequentially formed on the sheet 8.
As illustrated in
A host apparatus 110 is a unit that is connected to the outside of the ink jet printing apparatus and is a supply source of an image. The host apparatus 110 may be a computer that performs the creation, the processing, and the like of data of an image to be printed and the like, or may be in the form of a reader for reading an image. The control unit is adapted to be able to transmit and receive image data, the other commands, status signals, and the like, which are supplied from the host apparatus 110, to and from the controller 100 through an interface (I/F) 112.
An operation unit 120 is a switch group receiving an input instruction by an operator, and includes a power switch 121, a recovery switch 126 for instructing the starting of absorption recovery, and the like.
A sensor unit 130 is a sensor group for detecting the state of the printing apparatus. In the present embodiment, the sensor unit 130 includes a temperature sensor 134 provided for detecting an environmental temperature, a rotation angle image sensor 1006, a conveyance detection image sensor 701, and the like, besides the home position sensor 30 and the paper sensor 33 described above.
Moreover, the control unit includes a head driver 140, and drives the electrothermal conversion elements 25 of the print head 26 according to print data with the head driver 140. Moreover, the head driver 140 includes shift registers for aligning print data correspondingly to each of a plurality of electrothermal conversion elements 25, latch circuits for latching the print data at suitable timing, logic circuit elements for operating the electrothermal conversion elements 25 in synchronization with drive timing signals, and the like. Furthermore, the head driver 140 includes a timing setting unit for setting a discharge timing suitably in order to adjust dot forming positions on the sheet 8.
A sub-heater 142 is provided in the neighborhood of the print head 26. The sub-heater 142 performs the temperature adjustment of the print head 26 in order to stabilize the discharge characteristic of ink. The sub-heater 142 may take a form formed on the substrate of the print head 26 similarly to the formation of the electrothermal conversion elements 25, or may take a form attached to the main body of the print head 26 or the head cartridge 1.
Moreover, the control unit includes a motor driver 150 for driving the main scan motor 4, and a motor driver 170 for driving the carriage motor 1008. By the driving of the main scan motor 4, the carriage 2 is moved in the main scan direction. By the driving of the carriage motor 1008, the sheet 8 is conveyed in the sub-scan direction.
Moreover, the control unit includes a motor driver 160 for driving the feed motor 35. By the driving of the feed motor 35, the sheet 8 is separated from the auto sheet feeder 32, and is fed into the ink jet printing apparatus.
As illustrated in
Next, it is judged whether the paper sensor 33 detects the front end of the sheet 8 or not. The feed motor 35 continues to drive the pickup roller 31 to perform the paper feeding operation until the front end is detected.
When the front end of the sheet 8 is detected by the paper sensor 33, the sheet 8 is conveyed by a predetermined amount, and the front end of the sheet 8 abuts against a nipped area (the area where the sheet 8 is nipped) between the conveyance roller 1001 and the pinch roller 1003 driven by the conveyance roller 1001. Thereby, registration for correcting the oblique running of the sheet 8 is performed. This stage corresponds to the state illustrated in
After the registration, the main scan motor 4 is driven, and thereby the carriage 2 moves to a position where the end of the sheet 8 on the reference side a1 in the width direction of the sheet 8 is opposed to the image sensor 702. Thereby, the detection of the sheet 8 is made to be enabled by the conveyance of the front end of the sheet 8 to the position of the image sensor 702.
After that, the carriage motor 1008 is driven to rotate the conveyance roller 1001, and thereby the sheet 8 is conveyed until the front end thereof is detected by the image sensor 702 on the carriage 2. When the front end of the sheet 8 is detected by the image sensor 702, a printing operation is enabled to be started. This stage corresponds to the state illustrated in
When the front end of the sheet 8 is detected by the image sensor 702, the main scan motor 4 is driven by the controller 100 of the control unit, and thereby the carriage 2 is moved from the reference side a1 toward the non-reference side a2. When the carriage 2 is moved, the head driver 140 is driven to discharge ink from the nozzle array 29, and an image is formed on the sheet 8.
Successively, the carriage 2 is moved to the non-reference side a2, and then, when the carriage 2 is moved from the non-reference side a2 toward the reference side a1 (at the time of reversing) the image sensor 704 is opposed to the end of the sheet 8 on the non-reference side a2 in the width direction of the sheet 8, as illustrated in FIG. 6. When the sheet 8 is conveyed by driving the carriage motor 1008, it becomes possible to read the moving state (conveyance amount and conveyance speed) of the sheet 8 with the image sensor 704. Moreover, even at the time just before a reverse operation of the carriage 2, it is possible to read the moving state of the sheet 8 as long as the image sensor 704 and the sheet 8 are opposed to each other. Consequently, the drive amount of the carriage motor 1008 becomes highly accurate by the driving of the carriage motor 1008 by the controller 100 on the basis of the detection results of the image sensor 704. Thus, the simultaneous driving of the main scan motor 4 and the carriage motor 1008 can be performed, and printing time can be shortened.
After the conveyance of the sheet 8, or during the conveyance of the sheet 8, the main scan motor 4 is driven to move the carriage 2 from the non-reference side a2 toward the reference side a1, and the head driver 140 is driven to discharge ink from the nozzle array 29 when the carriage 2 is moved. Then, an image is formed on the sheet 8. Also on the reference side a1, similarly to on the non-reference side a2, the moving state of the sheet 8 driven by the carriage motor 1008 can be read with the image sensor 702 at the time of the reversing of the carriage 2, or just before the reversing of the carriage 2. By the operations, bidirectional printing in the main scan direction can be performed.
The above series of operations is continued to be repeated. Then, before the rear end of the sheet 8 passes the image sensor 702 or 704, the state of the printing apparatus is switched to the state in which the rear end is detected by the image sensors 703 and 705 on the downstream side. By the switching from the sensors 702 and 704 on the upstream side to the sensors 703 and 705 on the downstream side, the “sensing disabled period” on the rear end of the sheet 8 is removed. Thus, the direct sensor unit can directly detect the moving state of the sheet 8 in the whole print area thereof in the main scan direction and the sub-scan direction, and can convey the sheet 8. Then, the sheet 8 can be conveyed at high accuracy, and the quality of a printed image is improved.
After the printing of the whole area of the sheet 8 has ended, the carriage motor 1008 is driven, and thereby the sheet 8 is ejected from the print area. Then the printing operation of the sheet 8 ends.
According to the present embodiment, because the non-detection region of the sheet 8 by the image sensors 702, 703, 704, and 705 is removed, the conveyance amount or the conveyance speed of the sheet 8 can be detected at high accuracy, and the sheet 8 can be conveyed at high accuracy. Consequently, according to the present embodiment, the improvement of printing quality can be attained.
Incidentally, although the configuration example of including four image sensors 702 to 705 has been described above, the present invention is not limited to this configuration. As described above, the image sensors 702 to 705 have only to be provided at two positions on the upstream side of the non-reference side a2 and on the downstream side of the reference side a1, or at two positions on the upstream side of the reference side a1 and on the downstream side of the non-reference side a2, that is, at least at two positions on the carriage 2 with the recording element array diagonally put between the two positions. In other words, the image sensors have only to be provided at least at two separated positions on the carriage 2 with the recording element array put between the positions in both the main scan direction and the sub-scan direction. If imaging is performed at least at these two positions, then the direct sensing over the whole surface of the sheet 8 can be performed in both of the main scan direction and the sub-scan direction. That is, the detection in a wide range covering the sheet width of the maximum size can be performed in the main scan direction, and the “sensing disabled period” is removed in the sub-scan direction.
In the following, the configuration of including two image sensors in total: one on the upstream side of the non-reference side a2, and one on the downstream side of the reference side a1, will be described.
The differences between the configuration of including two image sensors and the aforesaid configuration of including four image sensors will be chiefly described. If edgeless printing is performed, the print area is larger than the width of the sheet 8. For this reason, when the carriage 2 moves from the reference side a1 to the non-reference side a2 while an image is formed by the print head 26 in the case where the printing is performed at the front end of the sheet 8, the image sensor deviates from the area of the sheet 8. Because the image sensor cannot read the movement amount of the sheet 8 if the state remains as it is, the main scan motor 4 is driven to move the carriage 2 toward the reference side also as to move the image sensor to the end of the sheet 8 on the non-reference side a2 in the width direction of the sheet 8. After moving the carriage 2, the moving state of the sheet is directly detected by the image sensors, and the controller 100 drives the carriage motor 1008 on the basis of the detected value to convey the sheet 8. After the conveyance of the sheet 8, the main scan motor 4 is driven to move the carriage 2 to the outside of the area of the sheet 8 on the non-reference side a2 again. Then, the main scan motor 4 is driven to move the carriage 2 from the non-reference side a2 toward the reference side a1, and the head driver 140 is driven at the time of moving the carriage 2 to discharge ink from the nozzle array 29. Thus, an image is formed on the sheet 8.
Because the sheet 8 and one of the image sensors are opposed to each other on the reference side a1, the moving state of the sheet 8 can be detected at the stop position of the carriage 2.
When the front end of the sheet 8 arrives at the image sensor on the downstream side, the moving state of the sheet 8 on the non-reference side a2 can be detected by the image sensor arranged on the downstream side of the reference side a1. Moreover, because the moving state of the sheet 8 on the reference side a1 can be detected by the image sensor arranged on the upstream side of the non-reference side a2, it is unnecessary to move the carriage 2 for the objects other than the object of image formation.
After the rear end of the sheet 8 has deviated from the image sensor on the upstream side, an operation similar to that of the carriage 2 other than the printing operation of the front end of the sheet 8 on the non-reference side a2 is performed on the reference side a1. That is, the main scan motor 4 is driven to move the carriage 2 to the non-reference side also that the image sensor on the reference side a1 may be situated at the end of the sheet 8 on the reference side a1 in the width direction of the sheet 8. After the movement of the carriage 2, the image sensor directly detects the moving state of the sheet 8, and the controller 100 drives the carriage motor 1008 on the basis of the detected value to convey the sheet 8. After the conveyance of the sheet 8, the main scan motor 4 is driven to move the carriage 2 to the outside of the area of the sheet 8 on the reference side a1 again. Then, the main scan motor 4 is driven to move the carriage 2 from the reference side a1 toward the non-reference side a2, and the head driver 140 is driven to discharge ink from the nozzle array 29 when the carriage 2 is moved. Thus, an image is formed on the sheet 8.
Because the end of the sheet 8 on the non-reference side a2 in the width direction of the sheet 8 is opposed to the image sensor on the non-reference side a2, the moving state of the sheet 8 can be detected at the stop position of the carriage 2.
As described above, because it is necessary to move the carriage 2 for the object other than the object of image formation, the time necessary for the image formation becomes longer in comparison with that of the configuration of including the four image sensors 72 to 75. However, because the present embodiment can reduce the number of image sensors to be used, the manufacturing cost thereof can be reduced.
The present embodiment is an embodiment provided with image sensors on a platen in place of the carriage 2. As illustrated in
The first and the second image sensors 801 and 802 are arranged in aperture portions formed in the platen 34, and are placed at positions opposed to the back surface of the sheet 8 in positional relations enabling the image sensors 801 and 802 to be seen from the upper side of the aperture portions. The first and the second image sensors 801 and 802 are provided at the positions opposed to the nozzle array 29 of the print head 26, and are adapted to detect the sheet 8 from the opposite side of the print head 26 with the sheet 8 put between them.
Moreover, the first image sensor 801 is placed in the neighborhood of the first conveyance roller 1001 (first roller) on the downstream side in the conveyance direction and on the inside of the end of the sheet 8 on the reference side a1 in the width direction of the sheet 8. The second image sensor 802 is placed in the neighborhood of the second conveyance roller 1002 (second roller) on the upstream side in the conveyance direction and on the inside of the end of the sheet 8 on the non-reference side a2 in the width direction of the sheet 8. That is, the plurality of image sensors 801 and 802 is provided at positions on the platen 34 corresponding to at least two positions diagonally putting the movement locus of the recording element array of the print head 26 between the two positions. Then, the plurality of image sensor 801 and 802 can image the sheet 8 at least at two positions separated in the main scan direction and the sub-scan direction. Such arrangements of the first and the second image sensors 801 and 802 enable the movement amount to be directly detected in the whole area of the sheet 8. The controller 100 performs the feedback control of the carriage motor 1008 on the basis of the detection results (output information) to realize the stopping of the sheet 8 at high accuracy, and realizes the high image quality printing by the use of the print head 26. Incidentally, the control unit may perform the feedback control to change the recording timing of image formation in place of controlling the carriage motor 1008 of a conveying mechanism on the basis of the detection of the direct sensor unit. That is, if the control unit controls at least either of the conveying mechanism and the printing unit 37 so as to reduce the influences exerted on the image to be recorded by the conveyance accuracy of the conveying mechanism on the basis of the detection of the direct sensor unit, then high quality image formation can be realized as a result.
As illustrated in
In the present embodiment, the conveyance amounts on both the sides of the sheet 8 in the width direction thereof are detected at the same time by the use of the two sensors of the first image sensor 801 and the second image sensor 802, and the conveyance amount of the sheet 8 is controlled on the basis of the average value of the detected conveyance amounts. Thereby, the printing apparatus that suppresses the occurrence of the phenomena described above on the both the sides of the sheet 8 in the width direction thereof can be realized. Moreover, the conveyance amounts of the sheet 8 on both the sides in the width direction thereof are detected, and the inclination amount of the sheet 8 to the original conveyance direction is judged. Then, the image formation with the corrected inclination amounts is performed, and thereby printing can be performed in further higher image quality.
As illustrated in
After that, when the rear end of the sheet 8 passes through the first image sensor 801 as illustrated in
As described above, according to the present embodiment, the direct detection of the movement amount of the sheet 8 can be performed in the whole area of the sheet 8 in the conveyance direction thereof from the front end thereof to the rear end thereof at the time of a printing operation. For this reason, the present embodiment can realize a printing apparatus capable of conveying the sheet at high accuracy and performing high image quality printing. Moreover, because the present embodiment can measure the conveyance amounts of the sheet 8 on the reference side a1 and the non-reference side a2, the present embodiment can numerically calculate the difference between the conveyance amounts on both the sides of the sheet 8 in the width direction thereof. Moreover, the present embodiment can obtain the conveyance amount of the sheet 8 at almost the center of the width direction of the sheet 8 by averaging the difference of the conveyance amounts on both the sides of the sheet 8 in the width direction thereof. For this reason, the present embodiment can improve the reliability of the conveyance amount of the sheet 8 in comparison with that of the case of measuring only the conveyance amount of the sheet 8 on one end thereof. Furthermore, if the difference between the conveyance amounts of the sheet 8 on both the sides thereof in the width direction thereof is larger than a predetermined value, then further higher quality printing can be performed by performing the image formation with a corrected inclination amount in the conveyance direction of the sheet 8.
Further another embodiment will be described with reference to
As illustrated in
Incidentally, the second image sensor 802 may be indirectly provided on the carriage 50 by being formed on the head cartridge 1.
As illustrated in
In this manner, the two sensors of the first image sensor 801 and the second image sensor 802 severally detect each of the conveyance amounts on both the sides of the sheet 8 in the width direction thereof, and the controller 100 controls the conveyance amount of the sheet on the basis of the average value of the conveyance amounts.
As illustrated in
Thereby it is also possible to suppress the influences of the changes of the behavior of the sheet 8 caused when the sheet 8 exits from the nipped area to be small. Moreover, similarly to the above, the inclination amount of the sheet 8 to the conveyance direction thereof is judged, and the image formation is performed with the corrected inclination amount. Thereby the printing apparatus capable of performing further high image quality printing can be provided.
After that, as illustrated in
According to the present embodiment, the provision of the second image sensor 802 on the carriage 50 enables the detection of conveyance amounts not only at specific positions of the carriage 50 in the main scan direction, but also at an arbitrary position.
Moreover, although a specific paper size is exemplified to be described in the present embodiment, the configuration of setting the measurement position of the conveyance amount on the non-reference side a2 of the carriage 50 (or the measurement position of the conveyance amount on the reference side a1) according to the information of the paper size specified by a user to perform the detection operation may be adopted. Thereby, various paper sizes can be dealt with. Moreover, with regard to the setting position of the sheet 8, the present embodiment is not limited to the paper feeding mechanism of setting all of the sheets 8 by the right end reference or the left end reference of the sheets 8 in the width direction thereof. For example, it is possible to deal with the measurements of the conveyance amounts according to various paper sizes without increasing the image sensors even in the paper feeding mechanism in which the sheet 8 is set at almost the center of the auto sheet feeder 32 to differentiate the reference position of starting writing to every paper size of the sheet 8.
While the present invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments. The scope of the following claims is to be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and equivalent structures and functions.
This application claims the benefit of Japanese Patent Application No. 2008-307720, filed Dec. 2, 2008, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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2008-307720 | Dec 2008 | JP | national |