Patent Grant
7960850
The invention relates to a system of at least two distributed wind turbines wherein said at least two wind turbines communicate via data communication network (DCN); wherein said data communication network communicates monitoring and control data (MCD) to and from said at least two wind turbines (WT); said data communication network communicates power control related data (PCRD) to and from said at least two wind turbines (WT); said power control related data (PCRD) has higher transmission priority than a subset of said monitoring and control data (MCD) and wherein said transmission priority is defined in relation to a protocol.
The strategically distributed nature of wind power presents unique challenges. A wind park comprises several wind turbines and is often located offshore, and it often covers large geographic areas.
These factors usually require a variety of networked interconnections and telecommunication technologies for monitoring and controlling wind power electric generating facilities referred to as SCADA (SCADA: Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition).
The prior art presents several ways of controlling a wind turbine and wind parks. U.S. Pat. No. 6,966,754 teaches a method for monitoring wind turbines, by means of image and acoustic monitoring. This is an example of a wind turbine to control itself on the basis of dynamical measurement of factors within the wind turbine. European patent application EP 1519040 discloses a method for a remote reading and changing of power settings in wind turbine generators. Moreover, international patent application WO 01/77525 discloses a typical Supervisory Command And Data Acquisition system with SCADA elements.
The invention relates to a system of at least two distributed wind turbines wherein said at least two wind turbines communicates via a data communication network wherein
According to the present invention a data communication network is understood as any data network communicating data in a system of distributed wind turbines. An example of a data communication network is a SCADA (SCADA: Supervisory Command And Data Acquisition) system. A SCADA system is a category of software application programs for process control, the gathering of data potentially in real time from remote locations in order to control equipment and conditions and the network associated with this.
SCADA systems include hardware and software components. The hardware gathers and feeds data into a computer that has SCADA software installed. The computer then processes this data. SCADA also records and logs all events into a log file or a database or sends them to a printer. SCADA further warns or performs active actions when conditions become critical or hazardous.
The power control related data may according to the present invention comprise data that interferes with the control of power in a wind turbine or wind farm. This may be data comprising information about active power, reactive power or run state of a wind turbine.
In an embodiment of the invention, said power control related data (PCRD) having high transmission priority comprises information about active power.
In an embodiment of the invention, said power control related data (PCRD) having high transmission priority comprises information about reactive power.
In an embodiment of the invention, said power control related data comprises Power Factor regulation data, i.e. data transmitted to relevant parts of the wind turbine power system for the purpose of controlling the resulting power factor from one or several wind turbines.
In an embodiment of the invention, Power Factor regulation data comprises Power Factor set point(s).
In an embodiment of the invention, said monitoring and control data (MCD) is transmitted to and from said at least two wind turbines (WT) via a data communication network (DCN)
In an embodiment of the invention, said data communication network is a copper, fiber or wireless network or a combination of these.
In an embodiment of the invention, said power control related data having higher transmission priority is transmitted via a further network (FN).
By transmitting data packets containing critical data via a separate network the priority is defined at the source, e.g. the control station, or in the wind turbine controller related to a wind turbine by means of sending the packet on the normal data communication network or on the further network. If a data packet is sent on the further, and faster, network, the data will be transmitted faster than if it is sent on the normal network.
In an embodiment of the invention, said monitoring and control data (MCD) and the power control related data (PCRD) having higher transmission priority is transmitted via the same data communication network (DCN) as data packets having different priorities.
According to the invention the transferring of data via the same network is very advantageous in many ways. No additional cabling is needed and no extra ports and device drivers for these ports are needed compared to establishing and using a further network. According to the present invention it is extremely advantageous to the operation of a wind park to let critical data be transmitted faster than less critical data in that only few seconds of delay may have fatal consequences. By applying the present invention in a wind park critical data, e.g. power control related data, will be transmitted fast and independently of the traffic on the network. It should be noted that there may exist several levels of priority in accordance with the present invention, e.g. 9 levels where a data packet having priority level 1 is having higher transmission priority than a data packet having transmission priority 2 and a data packet having transmission priority 3 or vice versa.
In an embodiment of the invention, said at least two wind turbines comprising means for encoding data packets including a specification of priority level.
In an embodiment of the invention, said at least two wind turbines comprising means for decoding data packets including a detection of priority level.
It is within the scope of the invention that encoding of data packets includes a specification of priority level. This encoding may be done in several ways, e.g. by accessing the Data-Link layer with reference to the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) reference model. This may be done by means of the GOOSE/GSSE protocol according to IEC 61850. Another way of implementing priority is by the use of two different protocols on the same data communication network DCN. Software controlling intersection points of the system, e.g. the software of switches or wind turbine controllers, may parse and process data from one protocol before parsing a data packet from another protocol having lover transmission priority.
In an embodiment of the invention said power control related data comprises at least one representation of one or more measurements relating to the wind turbine. These measurements may be established by one or more sensors located within the wind turbine or located externally.
In an embodiment of the invention, said power control related data comprises a value from one or several sensors or measurements from the wind turbine.
Transmission data from one of the sensors or measurements, e.g. the active power, may be very critical and important. In an embodiment of the present invention, this critical data is transmitted very fast to e.g. a power control system (may be the SCADA server or control station) of a wind park.
In an embodiment of the invention, said monitoring and control data (MCD) are transmitted as data packets associated with priorities.
In an embodiment of the invention, said monitoring and control data (MCD) are transmitted as data packets associated with priorities and wherein said data packets are encoded according to a single protocol incorporating priorities.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the protocol allows incorporation of priorities of power related control data into data packets, thereby allowing a data packet encoded according to the protocol to define its own priority.
According to an embodiment of the invention each data packet designates a priority or a degree of priority explicitly.
According to a further embodiment of the invention, designation of priority of the data packets may be established implicitly, e.g. by specifically designating high priority in the data packet and assuming low priority in data packets with no specific designation of priority.
Evidently, alternatively designation of priority of the data packets may be established implicitly, e.g. by specifically designating low priority in a low priority data packet and assuming high priority in data packets with no specific designation of priority.
It should be noted that data packets may also contain both high priority power control related data and low priority data. Such hybrid packets would typically be designated to be a high-priority packet.
In an embodiment of the invention, said monitoring and control data (MCD) is transmitted as data packets associated with priorities and wherein said data packets are encoded according to at least two different protocols and wherein the different protocols designates different corresponding priorities.
According to a further embodiment of the invention, priorities may be defined indirectly by use of high and low priority protocols. In other words, if a data packet is transmitted according to a first protocol, this would implicitly indicate a high priority, whereas a data packet transmitted according to a further protocol would implicitly indicate low priority or vice versa.
Evidently, as when established by direct encoding, indirect encoding of priority may also encompass more than two levels of priorities. Thus, indirect encoding of e.g. a three-level priority may be established by application of three different protocols having different priorities.
In an embodiment of the invention, said monitoring and control data (MCD) is transmitted as data packets of a single protocol associated with priorities and wherein said priorities are defined within said protocol.
Furthermore the invention relates to a wind turbine comprising at least one SCADA intersection point, said intersection point communicating with at least one data buffer (DB) buffering monitoring and control data (MCD) communicated through said intersection point, wherein said buffering of monitoring and control data (MCD) is dependent on priorities associated to said monitoring and control data (MCD).
In accordance with the present invention the intersection points may be any place where incoming data or outgoing data is handled and they are typically related to a queue or buffer. This may be in relation to the wind turbine controller.
Furthermore, the invention relates to a wind turbine comprising at least one SCADA intersection point, said intersection point communicating with at least one data buffer (DB) buffering monitoring and control data (MCD) communicated through intersection point, wherein said buffering of monitoring and control data (MCD) is dependent on priorities associated to said monitoring and control data (MCD) and wherein power control related data (PRCD) has high priority.
Moreover, the invention relates to use of priority in relation to SCADA communication of power control related data (PCRD) in a network of distributed wind turbines.
Moreover, the invention relates to a device driver of an intersection point of a wind turbine data communication network.
According to the present invention the device driver supports priority in such a manner that it is able to extract priority level from a received data packet and process the data packet in such an order where the data packets with highest priorities are processed first. This may e.g. involve that power control related data has higher transmission priority than a subset of monitoring and control data. The device driver has further the ability to encode a data packet with priority definition. Furthermore, the fact that the device driver supports priority is to be understood as a support of several different protocols where the device driver processes data packets from one protocol faster than from another protocol.
In an embodiment of the invention, said encoder supports priority.
In an embodiment of the invention, said decoder supports priority.
In an embodiment of the invention, said device driver encodes at least one high priority data packet by means of simple binary digits.
It is within the scope of the present invention that data may be optimized by translating certain or all data messages into low level instructions, e.g. one or two bytes, to optimize the transmission time due to a compressed data packet.
The invention will be described in the following with reference to the figures in which
a illustrates an abstract overview of an example priority of data packets according to an embodiment of the invention,
b illustrates a further embodiment of the invention where priority between data packets is obtained through application of two different protocols and
A low speed shaft extends out of the nacelle front and is connected with a wind turbine rotor through a wind turbine hub 4. The wind turbine rotor comprises at least one rotor blade e.g. three rotor blades 5 as illustrated.
Nacelles 3 exists in a multitude of variations and configurations but in most cases the drive train 14 in the nacelle 3 almost always comprises one or more of the following components: a gear 6, a coupling (not shown), some sort of breaking system 7 and a generator 8. A nacelle 3 of a modern wind turbine 1 can also include a converter 9, an inverter (not shown) and additional peripheral equipment such as further power handling equipment, control cupboards, hydraulic systems, cooling systems and more.
The weight of the entire nacelle 3 including the nacelle components 6, 7, 8, 9 is carried by a load carrying structure 10. The components 6, 7, 8, 9 are usually placed on and/or connected to this common load carrying structure 10. In this simplified embodiment the load carrying structure 10 only extends along the bottom of the nacelle 3 e.g. in form of a bed frame to which some or all the components 6, 7, 8, 9 are connected. In another embodiment the load carrying structure 10 could comprise a gear bell transferring the load of the rotor 4 to the tower 2, or the load carrying structure 10 could comprise several interconnected parts such as latticework.
A typical wind turbine may further comprise a number of sensors or meters, e.g. vibration sensor 21, gear oil thermometer 22 and generator thermometer 23. It is noted that many other sensors and meters for measuring conditions of wind turbines are comprised in a typical wind turbine.
Moreover, different configurations of wind turbines may be applied within the scope of the invention, e.g. gearless wind turbines/geared wind turbines, on-board inverter/external inverter/no inverter, number of blades, etc.
One problem related to the prior art, is that the power control related data PCRD, which typically is very important and critical data, is subject to long transmission time due to waiting times in buffers and queues around the system. The reason for these buffers and queues to be slow is that a great volume of monitoring and control data MCD continuously will float through the system. The present invention is overcoming this problem by introducing priority into the wind turbine data communication network DCN. Thus, according to the present invention, the power control related data PCRD has higher transmission priority than a subset of said monitoring and control data MCD.
The wind turbine switches WT1SW, WT2SW, . . . , WTnSW do in an embodiment of the present invention support transmission priority by passing data having higher transmission priority before data with lover transmission priority. The transmission priority may be designated implicitly in the data packets, e.g. by a GOOSE/GSSE data packet. The SCADA server may be comprised by a control station.
The central control station CS may in an embodiment of the invention e.g. generate a power control instruction PCI1 that in this example comprises an instruction to wind turbine no. two WT2. This power control instruction PCI1 comprises at least one data packet that may comprise power control related data PCRD and/or monitoring and control data MCD.
The wind turbine controllers and the data ports may be located inside the related wind turbines WT1, WT2, . . . , WTn, e.g. in the tower, the nacelle etc., or it may be located outside the wind turbines WT1, WT2, . . . , WTn.
In this figure it is illustrated that the data packet, e.g. a power control instruction PCI1, typically must pass several intersection points, a switch SW, wind turbine switches WT1SW, WTnSW, the input and output buffers IBUF OBUF of wind turbine 1 WT1, and wind turbine n WTn, to reach its destination in wind turbine 2 WT2. This may involve a delay due to the fact that many other data packets constantly are transmitted through these intersection points which in this way temporarily block the transmission of power control instruction PCI1. This could involve critical errors on the electrical output of the wind park to the utility grid.
It should be noted that the illustrated daisy chaining of network elements merely represents one of several applicable network structures.
It should furthermore be noted that the present figure is only one of several applicable data communication networks of a wind park in which the present invention may be implemented.
The wind turbine controller WTC may be located inside or outside the wind turbine WT.
The figure illustrates that a device driver handles incoming power control instructions on a data port DP. The power control instructions are comprised in the data packets P1DP, P2DP, . . . , PnDP and are in this example defined by different protocols. Thus, the present figure illustrates that the device driver DD supports several protocols, as in this figure is illustrated by a protocol 1 datapacket P1DP, a protocol 2 datapacket P2DP and a protocol n datapacket PnDP. The device driver transmits the incoming data packets to the correct protocol controllers P1C, P2C, . . . , PnC which comprise means for decoding the instructions according to the present protocol, whereafter the instructions are to be executed in the wind turbine WT. The central control station CS may be related to a SCADA server and may be located local or remote to the wind turbine controller WTC. A central control station CS may be related to a data communication network DCN or a public data communication network PDCN.
a illustrates an abstract overview of an example priority of data packets according to an embodiment of the invention. The figure illustrates a source S, a destination D, data packets DP1, a high prioritized data packet DP1h.
Several data packets are typically continuously transmitted from a source S to a destination D. The source and the destination may both constitute a device related to a wind turbine or to any kind of control unit, e.g. a control station CS, a central control station CS, intermediate switches or a wind turbine controller WTC. The figure illustrates an example where a number of data packets DP1, PD1h in a queue or buffer are transmitted from a source S to a destination D. According to the prior art these queues or buffers are using the FIFO principles (First In, First Out), where all data bytes received in a particular sequence are further transmitted in that same order. According to the present invention, one of the data packets DP1h, is a high priority packet. This packet DP1h, is according to the invention moved to a leading position and is this way processed at the destination D faster than other data packets DP1 which will typically comprise low priority data.
Examples of low priority data are: Temperature data, Log data files e.g. comprising total run hours, summarized average values etc.
The high priority packets DP1h may typically comprise power control related data (PCRD) and the data packets DP1 with low priority data may typically comprise monitoring and control data (MCD).
Examples of data to be read in relation with a wind turbine, e.g. in a wind turbine controller WTC, to be allocated higher transmission priority are listed in the following:
“Active power measurement”. Active power is the total power generated by the wind turbine to be directly used.
“Power Set Point” refers to a standard well-known measure which may e.g. involve regulation of the power factor, i.e. the relation between active and reactive power. This regulation may e.g. relate to regulation of the power performed by means of a central control unit serving two or more wind turbines. Such central control may be continuous or initiated from time to time automatically and/or manually.
“Turbine run state” comprises information of the current run state of a wind turbine e.g. if the wind turbine is shut off.
“Reactive power measurement”. Reactive power is power that creates no useful work—results when current is not in phase with voltage—and can be corrected using capacitors or other devices.
Examples of operation instruction data to be sent from a control station, e.g. a SCADA server related to a wind turbine to be allocated higher transmission priority, are listed in the following:
“Active power set point”. An instruction of setting reactive power to a given value.
“Reactive power set point”. An instruction of setting active power to a given value.
“Power Factor set point”. An instruction of setting Power Factor (Cos(phi)) to a given value.
“Turbine run state” An instruction of setting turbine run state to a given state, e.g. “off”.
It should be noted that many other data than the above-mentioned examples may in accordance to the present invention be allocated higher transmission priority.
The data packets DP1, PD1h may refer to any protocol used with reference to wind turbine SCADA communication systems, e.g. XML-based, MMS, web-services etc. Alternatively it may be a protocol including a priority definition according to the below example.
An example of one of several applicable priority encoding and/or decoding techniques according to
An answer from the wind turbine controller WTC back to the central control station CS has the following format:
The <“character”> refers to ASCII control characters according to the ISO/IEC 646 standard (ASCII: American Standard Code for Information Interchange) as listed and shortly explained below.
The decoding is established so as to decode an incoming data packet with respect to priority and ensure that incoming data packets with high priority are recognized and handled accordingly.
The handling of a data packet, at the destination D side of a data packet transmission, involves according to the above syntax first of all that the relevant high priority data are recognized. This may initially be done by a device driver DD related to the current queue or buffer through a decoding of the incoming data packet to extract the priority definition of the data packet read in connection with the control character <STX> according to the above example.
The <“character”> of the above example refers to standard ASCII control characters (ASCII: American Standard Code for Information Interchange) as listed and shortly explained below.
Another example of data transfer specification applicable within the scope of the present invention is the extensible markup language (XML) web services.
XML web services typically use Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) for communicating. SOAP is a simple XML based protocol to let applications exchange information over hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP). SOAP is a protocol for accessing a Web Service.
SOAP web services define a way of communicating using Remote Procedure Calls (RPC) over HTTP. SOAP provides a way of communicating between applications running on same or different operating systems, with same or different technologies and programming languages.
An example of a SOAP request and a SOAP response is to be found in the following:
The SOAP message may in this way be utilized for retrieving information from to the control station from the wind turbine controller or vice versa. The web service may be located on a web server related to the wind turbine and may be coded in any programming language e.g. C++, C#, Java. The above example is only to constitute one example out of many ways of using SOAP and web services.
It should be stressed that the above specified syntaxes for priority decoding and encoding merely represent one of several applicable embodiments within the scope of the invention.
b illustrates a further embodiment of the invention where priority between data packets is obtained through application of two different protocols; one applied for low priority data and one applicable for high priority data.
This figure illustrates an abstract overview of an example priority of data packets by means of two different protocols according to an embodiment of the invention. The figure illustrates a source S, a destination D, data packets of protocol 1 DP1 and data packets of protocol 2 DP2.
The figure illustrates an example where a number of data packets of protocol 1 DP1, and data packets of protocol 2 DP2 in a queue or buffer, are transmitted from a source S to a destination D. According to the prior art these queues or buffers are using the FIFO principles (First In, First Out), where all data bytes received in a particular sequence are further transmitted in that same order. The data packets of protocol 2 DP2 are according to the invention moved to a leading position and in this way processed at the destination D faster than other data packets DP1 which will typically comprise low priority data.
The illustrated priority dependent handling of data with reference in
The figure illustrates the data network of a wind park according to one embodiment of the invention. The figure illustrates a number of wind turbines WT1, WT2, . . . , WTn, a central control station CS, a switch SW. Each of the wind turbines WT1, WT2, . . . , WTn is related to a wind turbine controller WTC and a data port DP related to an input buffer IBUF and an output buffer OBUF. Furthermore, the figure illustrates power control instructions PCI1, and data communication networks DCN, DCN1.
The central control station CS may according to an embodiment of the invention be related to a SCADA server.
The central control station CS may in an embodiment of the invention e.g. generate a power control instruction PCI1 that in this example comprises an instruction to wind turbine no. two WT2. This power control instruction PCI1 comprises at least one data packet that may comprise power control related data PCRD and/or monitoring and control data. MCD.
The wind turbine controllers and the data ports may be located inside the related wind turbines WT1, WT2, . . . , WTn, e.g. in the tower, the nacelle etc., or it may be located outside the wind turbines WT1, WT2, . . . , WTn.
According to this embodiment of the invention a direct route for high priority power control related data PRDC may be established by means of additional cables/network to all wind turbines of a wind farm. The cabling may be parallel or series-connected like the illustrated daisy chaining. This extra network will then constitute a network that is only used for transmitting important and critical data, such as power control related data PCRD. This way the critical data will never be delayed due to less critical data occupying the network. According to the present figure there may evidently exist a wind turbine switch for each wind turbine as it is the case with reference to
The present application is a continuation of pending International patent application PCT/DK2007/000317 filed on Jun. 28, 2007 which designates the United States and claims priority from Danish patent application PA 2006 01133 filed on Sep. 1, 2006, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | PCT/DK2007/000317 | Jun 2007 | US |
| Child | 12396136 | US |
