Claims
- 1. A process for converting particulate metal carbonates, bicarbonate, and oxides to the corresponding halides, comprising contacting the particulates with a fluidizing hydrogen halide gas at a velocity sufficient to form a true fluidized bed of the particulates, maintaining the fluidized bed at a temperature in the range of from about 250° F. to about 800° F. for a time sufficient to permit the particulates to be converted to the corresponding halides while producing an effluent gas.
- 2. The process of claim 1, wherein the hydrogen halide of the fluidizing gas is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen chloride, fluoride, bromide and mixtures thereof.
- 3. The process of claim 1, wherein the particulates include the group consisting of sodium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, and mixtures thereof.
- 4. The process of claim 1, wherein the particulates are limestone, magnesite, dolomite, or naturally occurring compounds of calcium, magnesium, zinc and iron.
- 5. The process of claim 1, where a percentage of the effluent gas includes carbon dioxide and is recycled to sustain fluidization.
- 6. The process of claim 1, where air is added to the hydrogen halide gas or added separately to sustain fluidization.
- 7. The process of claim 5, where the effluent gas contains carbon dioxide gas and is recovered.
- 8. The process of claim 1, wherein the bed has a depth in the range of from about 12 inches to about four feet.
- 9. The process of claim 1, wherein the fluidizing gas is maintained in contact with the particulates for a time sufficient to remove substantially all hydrogen halide from the effluent gas.
- 10. A process for converting particulate carbonates, bicarbonates, oxides, or hydroxides selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, the alkaline metal earths, transition metals and mixtures thereof to the corresponding halides, comprising establishing a series of fluidized beds of the particulates by passing a fluidizing gas including hydrogen halides and air or recycled carbon dioxide through the particulates at a velocity sufficient to establish and maintain the particulates in a fluidized bed, the fluidizing gas leaving one bed and flowing through another bed in the series of beds until the fluidizing gas leaving the last bed in the series of beds is substantially free of hydrogen halides and the particulates leaving the first bed in the series of beds being substantially free of carbonate, bicarbonates, oxygen or hydroxides.
- 11. The process of claim 10 wherein the fluidizing gas moves countercurrent to the direction of the transported particulates.
- 12. The process of claim 10 wherein the particulate carbonates, bicarbonates and oxides include calcium, sodium, magnesium, zinc, iron and mixtures thereof and the gaseous halides are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen chloride, fluoride, bromide and mixtures thereof.
- 13. The process of claim 10 wherein the particulates are limestone, magnesite, dolomite, or naturally occurring compounds of calcium, magnesium, zinc and iron.
- 14. The process of claim 10 where a percentage of the gas leaving the last bed is carbon dioxide gas and is recycled to sustain fluidization.
- 15. The process of claim 10 where air is added to the hydrogen halide gas to sustain fluidization.
- 16. The process of claim 14 where the carbon dioxide gas is recovered.
- 17. The process of claim 10 wherein each bed has a depth in the range of from about 12 inches to about four feet.
- 18. The process of claim 10 wherein the beds are in a single vessel vertically arranged such that particulate material from one bed falls into a lower bed and gas exiting from a lower bed flows through a higher bed.
- 19. The process of claim 10 wherein the beds are vertically arranged such that particulates flow downwardly counter currently to the fluidizing gas flowing upwardly and particulates with the highest carbonate, bicarbonate, oxide content are contacted with gas having the lowest hydrogen halide content.
- 20. The process of claim 10 wherein the halide is chloride and the metal is calcium.
RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This is a continuation-in-part to application Ser. No. 09/100,994 filed Jun. 28, 1998.
Continuation in Parts (1)
|
Number |
Date |
Country |
Parent |
09100994 |
Jun 1998 |
US |
Child |
10000410 |
Nov 2001 |
US |