PROCESS CARTRIDGE DETACHABLY MOUNTABLE TO A MAIN ASSEMBLY OF AN ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS COMPRISING MEANS FOR ROTATING A CHARGING UNIT IF FIRST AND SECOND ROTATIONAL DIRECTIONS AND THE APPARATUS MOUNTING SUCH A PROCESS CARTRIDGE

Abstract

A process cartridge detachably mountable to a main assembly of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus includes (a) a developing unit for supporting an electrophotographic photosensitive drum and a developing member for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on the electrophotographic photosensitive drum with a developer; (b) a charging unit for supporting a charging member for charging the electrophotographic photosensitive drum, the charging unit being rotatable in a first rotational direction about a rotational center relative to the developing unit in which the charging member moves toward the electrophotographic photosensitive drum and in a second rotational direction about the rotational center in which the charging member moves away from the electrophotographic photosensitive drum.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION AND RELATED ART

The present invention relates to a process cartridge removably installable in the main assembly of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, and an electrophotographic image forming apparatus.

In this specification, the term “electrophotographic image forming apparatus” refers to an image forming apparatus that employs an electrophotographic system to form images on a recording medium. For example, it includes electrophotographic copying machines, electrophotographic printers (laser beam printers, LED printers, and the like), facsimile machines, word processors, and the like.

A process cartridge is a cartridge that integrally comprises a charging means, a developing means or a cleaning means, and an electrophotographic photosensitive drum, and which is rendered removably installable in the main assembly of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus. It also refers to a cartridge comprising at least a charging means, a developing means, or cleaning means, in addition to an electrophotographic photosensitive drum, and is rendered removably installable in the main assembly of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus. It also means a cartridge comprising at least a developing means, and an electrophotographic photosensitive drum, and which is rendered removably installable in the main assembly of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus.

In the past, an image forming apparatus which employed an electrophotographic-image-formation process employed a process cartridge system, according to which an electrophotographic photosensitive member, and one or a plurality of processing means which work on the electrophotographic photosensitive member, are integrally assembled in the form of a cartridge removably installable in the main assembly of an image forming apparatus. Also according to this process cartridge system, the maintenance for an image forming apparatus can be performed by a user him/herself; the user does not need to rely on a service person for the maintenance. Therefore, the employment of a process-cartridge system drastically improved the operational efficiency of an image forming apparatus. As a result, the process-cartridge system has been widely used in the field of the image forming apparatus.

The process cartridge used in the above-described process cartridge system is in the form of a cartridge that comprises: a development unit integrally comprising a development unit frame in which a development roller and a development blade are disposed, and a toner chamber frame that stores toner as developer; and a cleaning unit frame that supports a photosensitive drum, houses a cleaning blade and the like, and is pivotally connected to the development unit.

The present invention is a result of the further development of the aforementioned prior technology.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The primary object of the present invention is to provide a process cartridge capable of more reliably supporting an electrophotographic photosensitive drum, and an electrophotographic image forming apparatus compatible with such a process cartridge.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a process cartridge superior in terms of assembly, and an electrophotographic image forming apparatus compatible with such a process cartridge.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a process cartridge not only capable of reliably supporting an electrophotographic photosensitive drum, but also superior in terms of assembly, and an electrophotographic image forming apparatus compatible with such a process cartridge.

According to an aspect of the present invention, the process cartridge comprises: (a) a development unit that supports an electrophotographic photosensitive drum, and a development member for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on the electrophotographic photosensitive drum, with the use of developer; and (b) a charge unit that supports a charging member for charging the electrophotographic photosensitive drum, and is pivotable about a pivot center in the first direction, that is, a direction to cause the charging member to move toward the electrophotographic photosensitive drum, and also in the second direction, that is, a direction to cause the charging member to move away from the electrophotographic photosensitive drum, and an electrophotographic image forming apparatus in which such a process cartridge is removably installable.

These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon a consideration of the following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a vertical section of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus.

FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view of a process cartridge.

FIG. 3 is a front view of a process cartridge.

FIG. 4 is a right side view of the process cartridge.

FIG. 5 is a left side view of the process cartridge.

FIG. 6 is a top view of the process cartridge.

FIG. 7 is a rear view of the process cartridge.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the process cartridge, as seen from the right front.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the process cartridge, as seen from the left rear.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the process cartridge placed upside down, as seen from the left rear.

FIG. 11 is a front view of a charging unit.

FIG. 12 is a front view of the charging unit illustrated in FIG. 11 , with its blade removed.

FIG. 13 is a rear view of a development unit, with its rear cover removed.

FIG. 14 is a front view of the development unit, with its front cover removed.

FIG. 15 is a perspective view of the inward side of the rear cover of the development unit.

FIG. 16 is a perspective view of the inward side of the front cover of the development unit.

FIG. 17 is a side view of the development unit.

FIG. 18 is a front view of the supporting portion for a development sleeve.

FIG. 19 is a vertical sectional view of the supporting portion for the electrophotographic photosensitive drum, and a driving apparatus for the electrophotographic photosensitive drum.

FIG. 20 is a perspective view of the drum flange on the driven side.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Hereinafter, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the appended drawings.

In the following description, the longitudinal direction refers to the direction perpendicular to the direction in which recording medium is conveyed, and parallel to the surface of the recording medium. The left or right side means the left or right side of the recording means as seen from above, and upstream in terms of the conveyance direction of the recording medium. The top side of a process cartridge refers to the top side of a process cartridge after the process cartridge is properly installed.

FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of an image forming apparatus to which the present invention is applicable. The image forming apparatus in this drawing is provided with image forming portion 31 Y, 31 M, 31 C and 31 Bk for forming a toner image on a photosensitive drum, i.e., an image bearing member, an intermediary transfer belt 4 a onto which the toner image is temporarily transferred, a secondary transfer roller 40 , i.e., a transferring means, for transferring the toner image on the belt 4 a, onto a recording medium 2 , a sheet feeding means for conveying and feeding the recording medium 2 between the intermediary transfer belt 4 a and secondary transfer roller 40 , a conveying means for conveying the recording means 2 to the transferring means, a fixing means, and a sheet discharging means.

Next, an image formation will be described.

As shown in the drawing, the image forming apparatus comprises a sheet feeder cassette 3 a, which is capable of storing plural sheets of recording medium 2 (for example, recording paper, OHP sheet, fabric, or the like), and is removably installable in the image forming apparatus. In operation, the sheets of the recording medium are fed out of the sheet feeder cassette 3 a by a pickup roller 3 b, and are conveyed to a retard roller pair 3 b, which separates the recording medium sheets and releases them one by one. Then, the recording sheets are conveyed one by one to a registration roller pair 3 g, by conveyer rollers 3 d and 3 f.

At the moment of the arrival of the conveyed recording medium 2 at the registration roller pair 3 g, the registration roller pair 3 g is standing still, and as the recording medium 2 comes into contact with the nip of the registration roller pair, if it is skewed, it is correctly aligned.

In the case of a four drum type full-color system, four process cartridges BY (yellow), BM (magenta), BC (cyan) and BB (black), each of which comprises an image bearing member, are aligned as shown in the drawing, The system is also provided with four optical scanning systems 1 Y, 1 M, 1 C and 1 Bk, which correspond to the process cartridges BY, BM, BC and BB. In operation, a toner image is formed on the photosensitive drum in each of the process cartridges BY, BM, BC and BB, in response to image signals, and then, the images are transferred in layers by the corresponding transfer rollers 4 ( 4 Y, 4 M, 4 C and 4 BK), onto the intermediary transfer belt 4 a, which is running in the direction indicated by an arrow mark.

Thereafter, the toner images on the intermediary transfer belt 4 a are transferred onto the recording medium 2 , which is delivered to the nip between the secondary transfer roller 40 and the intermediary transfer belt 4 a, with a predetermined timing. Then, the toner images are fixed to the recording medium 2 , in a fixing apparatus, and then, the recording medium 2 is discharged into the tray 6 located at the top of the apparatus main assembly 14 , by a pair of discharge rollers 3 h and 3 i.

In each of the aforementioned image forming portions 31 Y, 31 M, 31 C and 31 Bk, the components, exclusive of the optical scanning system ( 1 Y, 1 M, 1 C or 1 Bk), are components of a process cartridge (BY, BM, BC and BB). Since all the process cartridges in this image forming apparatus are the same in structure, the process cartridge structure will be described with reference to the process cartridge BY.

Referring to FIG. 2 , in the process cartridge BY, a charging means, an exposing portion, a developing means, and a transfer opening, are arranged around the peripheral surface of a photosensitive drum 7 . In this embodiment, a two component developer, which contains magnetic carrier, is used. Therefore, an organic photoconductor or the like, which is commonly used, can be used as the material for the photosensitive drum 7 , and it is desired that the surface of the photosensitive material of the photosensitive drum 7 is coated with a surface layer, the electrical resistance of which is in a range of 10 2 -10 14 cm. Also, it is desired that amorphous silicon is used as the photosensitive material for the photosensitive drum 7 . This is because such a photosensitive drum makes it possible for electrical charge to be injected into the photosensitive drum 7 , contributing to the prevention of ozone generation and the reduction in electrical energy consumption. It also can improve charge efficiency.

Thus, the photosensitive drum 7 in this embodiment was formed by coating negatively chargeable organic material on the peripheral surface of an aluminum drum.

The charging means is a magnetic brush type charging device that employs a magnetic carrier.

The charging device 8 comprises a charge roller 8 a, which is a hollow cylindrical roller and is rotatively supported, and a magnet 8 b fixedly placed within the charge roller 8 a. After the primary transfer, the toner, which remains on the peripheral surface of the photosensitive drum 7 , is taken into the charging device 8 , which rotates in the direction indicated by an arrow mark.

As for the developing means 10 in this embodiment, a method which uses a two component magnetic brush for developing latent image, is employed (two component based non-contact development).

FIG. 2 also shows the developing means 10 in this embodiment, which uses the two component magnetic brush. A development sleeve 10 d is a hollow cylindrical member, and is rotatively supported. Within the development sleeve 10 d, a magnet 10 c is fixedly disposed. The development sleeve 10 d is rotated in the same direction as the photosensitive drum 7 . More specifically, the development sleeve 10 d and photosensitive drum 7 are rotated in such directions that the peripheral surfaces of the development sleeve 10 d and photosensitive drum 7 move in the opposite directions at the point where they come closest to each other. The photosensitive drum 7 and development sleeve 10 d remain not in contact with each other: a gap in a range of 0.1-10 mm is maintained between them so that developer is allowed to contact the peripheral surface of the photosensitive drum 7 to develop the image on the peripheral surface of the photosensitive drum 7 .

Toner mixed with carrier is placed in a casing partitioned with partitioning wall 10 which extends in the longitudinal direction. Within the casing, stirring screws 10 g and 10 h are provided to move the toner within the casing. After being supplied into the casing from an unillustrated toner supply container, the toner lands in the casing, adjacent to one of the longitudinal ends of the stirring screw 10 g, and then, is conveyed toward the other longitudinal end, while being stirred, by the stirring screw 10 g. Arriving at the other longitudinal end, the toner moves into the space on the other side of the partitioning wall 10 , through the hole in the partitioning wall 10 f, and then, is conveyed, while being stirred, by the stirring screw 10 h, back to the opposite longitudinal end, i.e., the longitudinal end from which it began to be conveyed. Then, the toner moves back into the original space through another hole in the partitioning wall 10 . In other words, the toner is circulated, while being stirred, in the casing, by the stirring screws 10 g and 10 h.

At this point, the development process for visualizing the electrostatic latent image formed on the photosensitive drum 7 , with the use of a developing apparatus 4 which employs a developing method based on a magnetic brush comprising two components, will be described along with the system for circulating the developer. First, as the development sleeve 10 d rotates, the developer is picked up to the peripheral surface of the development sleeve 10 d by the poles of the magnet 10 c. Then, as the development sleeve 10 d rotates further, the developer on the peripheral surface of the development sleeve 10 d is regulated in thickness by a regulating blade 10 e positioned perpendicular to the peripheral surface of the development sleeve 10 d. As a result, a thin layer of developer is formed on the peripheral surface of the development sleeve 10 d. As the development sleeve 10 d rotates further, the developer particles in the thin layer of developer aggregate in the form of a brush, across the portion corresponding to the primary pole of the magnet, i.e., the development pole, of the magnet 10 c. The latent image on the photosensitive drum 7 is developed (visualized) by the toner particles in this aggregate of developer particles in the form of a brush, into a toner image. Thereafter, the thin layer of developer is returned to the developer container 10 a by the repulsive magnetic field.

To the development sleeve 10 d, DC and AC voltages are applied from unillustrated power sources. In the case of a two-component-based developing method, the application of AC voltage generally increases development efficiency, and improves image quality. However, it creates an environment in which a resulting image tends to suffer from “fog”. Thus, when AC voltage is applied, normally, a difference in potential level is provided between the DC voltage applied to the development sleeve 10 d, and the surface charge of the photosensitive drum 7 , so that toner is prevented from adhering to the non-image areas of the photosensitive drum 7 during the development process.

The thus developed toner image is transferred onto the intermediary transfer belt 4 a by the intermediary transferring apparatus 4 , which comprises an endless belt 4 a, a driver roller 4 b, a follower roller 4 c, and a counter roller 4 d for secondary transfer. The endless belt 4 a is stretched around the rollers 4 b, 4 c and 4 d, and is rotatively driven in the direction indicated by an arrow in FIG. 1 . Within the loop of the transfer belt 4 a, transfer charge rollers 4 Y, 4 M, 4 C and 4 Bk are disposed in contact with the belt 4 a, on the inward side of the belt loop, to apply pressure upon the belt 4 a, against the photosensitive drum 7 , while being supplied with voltage from a high voltage source, that is, while being charged to the polarity opposite to the polarity of the toner. As a result, the toner images on the photosensitive drums 7 in the process cartridges are sequentially transferred onto the intermediary transfer belt 4 a, on the top side.

As for the material for the intermediary transfer belt 4 a, polyimide can be used. However, it does not need to be limited to polyimide. For example, other dielectric plastics such as polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyfluorovinylidene, polyethylene-naphthalate, polyether ether keton, polyethersulfon, and polyurethane, and rubber such as fluorinated rubber and silicon rubber, may be used with good results.

After the image transfer, a certain amount of toner remains on the peripheral surface of the photosensitive drum 7 (transfer-residual toner). If this transfer-residual toner is passed as it is through the charging device, the photosensitive drum 7 fails to be charged to the predetermined potential level, across the portions corresponding to the residual image (residual toner image) during the following image formation operation, and/or the following image becomes light or dark, across the portions corresponding to the preceding image (hereinafter, this phenomenon is called ghost). In other words, even after the transfer-residual toner passes through the charging station in which the charging magnetic brush is in contact with the photosensitive drum 7 , the residual image, or the image formed by the residual toner, remains virtually undisturbed. Therefore, it is necessary to take the transfer residual toner into the magnetic brush based charging device 8 , as the transfer-residual toner passes the charging station as the photosensitive drum 7 rotates, so that the history or trace of the preceding image is removed. If AC voltage is applied to the magnetic brush based charging device 8 during this process of removing the transfer-residual toner, an oscillating electric field is generated between the photosensitive drum 7 and charging device 8 , which makes it easier for the toner to be taken into the charging device 8 . Although, in many situations, the residual toner on the photosensitive drum 7 is a mixture of the positively charged toner particles and the negatively charged toner particles, which are created by the separation discharge or the like, which occurs during the transfer process, it is desired, in consideration of the ease with which the transfer-residual toner can be taken into the magnetic brush based charging device 8 , that the polarity of the transfer-residual toner is positive.

In this embodiment, therefore, an electrically conductive brush 11 is placed in contact with the photosensitive drum 7 , between the intermediary transferring apparatus 4 and magnetic brush based charging device 8 , to apply bias having the polarity opposite to the charge bias. With this arrangement, the positively charged toner particles in the transfer-residual toner pass the magnetic brush based charging device 8 , whereas the negatively charged toner particles in the transfer-residual toner are temporarily captured by the electrically conductive brush 11 , being thereby robbed of their negative polarity, and then, are spit out back onto the photosensitive drum 7 . This process makes it easier for the transfer-residual toner to be attached to the magnetic brush.

(Frame Structure of Process Cartridge)

The process cartridge B (BY, BM, BC and BB) in this embodiment comprises a development unit D and a charge unit C, which are connected to each other. The development unit D is provided with an electrophotographic photosensitive drum 7 , a developing means 10 , and a development unit frame 12 in which the drum 7 and cleaning means 10 are mounted. The charge unit C is provided with a charge roller 8 a, a regulator blade 8 c, a charge brush 11 , and a charge unit frame 13 in which the roller 3 a, blade 8 c, brush 11 , and the like, are mounted. The connected development unit D and charge until C are covered on the front and rear sides, with a front cover 16 and cover 17 (FIG. 4 ), respectively, to properly position them relative to each other.

Referring to FIG. 2 , the process cartridge B is also provided with a shutter 18 , which covers or exposes a transfer opening by moving between positions (a) and (b), respectively. The transfer opening is provided between the development unit frame 12 and charge unit frame 13 . The shutter 18 is a component which prevents the photosensitive drum 7 from being damaged by its exposure to the external light, or due to mishandling, when the process cartridge B is out of the image forming apparatus, and which opens to allow the photosensitive drum 7 to make contact with the intermediary transfer belt 4 a after the installation of the process cartridge B into the main assembly 14 of the image forming apparatus.

Because bias is applied to the electrically conductive brush 11 , the transfer-residual toner electrically adheres to the electrically conductive brush 11 , on the side of the intermediary transferring apparatus 4 . If the transfer-residual toner adheres to the electrically conductive brush 11 , by a certain amount or more, the toner falls off due to the vibration which occurs when the process cartridge B is removed from the apparatus main assembly 14 , or is moved, and the fallen toner contaminates the hands and clothes of the user, and the surfaces of the desk or floor on which the process cartridge B is placed when the process cartridge B is exchanged. The shutter 18 is also effective to prevent this kind of problem.

FIGS. 3-7 are projected plan views of the process cartridge B (BY, BM, BC and BB): FIG. 3 is a front view; FIG. 4 , a right side view; FIG. 5 , a left side view; FIG. 6 , a top view; and FIG. 7 is a rear view. FIGS. 8-10 are external perspective views of the process cartridge B; FIG. 3 is a view as seen from diagonally above the right front corner; FIG. 9 , a view as seen diagonally above the right rear corner; and FIG. 10 is an upside down view as seen from diagonally above the right rear. In FIGS. 3-10 , the shutter 18 is not illustrated.

Referring to FIG. 2 , the charge unit C comprises the charge unit frame 13 , and the charge roller 8 a, the regulator blade 3 c, and the electrically conductive brush 11 , which are integrally disposed in the charge unit frame 13 . Referring to FIGS. 2 , 4 , 8 , 9 and 10 , the charge unit frame 13 constitutes a part of the external shell of the process cartridge B. Referring to FIGS. 2 and 10 , the bottom corner wall 13 a of the charge unit frame 13 extends in the longitudinal direction of the process cartridge B, in parallel to the photosensitive drum 7 , holding a small gap from the peripheral surface of the photosensitive drum 7 . From this bottom corner wall 13 a, the wall 13 b virtually vertically extends upward, and curves inward at the top, forming a corner portion 13 c. From the inward edge of the corner portion 13 c, a top wall 13 d extend virtually horizontally, providing the charging unit frame 13 with an approximately keyshaped cross section. There is an empty space under the top wall 13 d. The charge unit frame 13 is also provided with component attachment portions 13 e and 13 f, which are integrally formed with the charge unit frame 13 , being located at the longitudinal ends, one for one.

FIG. 11 is a side view of the charge unit c as seen from inside. The charge unit frame 13 is provided with a charge roller bearing 22 and an end cover 23 , which are attached to the longitudinal end of the charge unit frame 13 , with the use of the screws put through both bearing 22 and cover 23 , on the trailing side in terms of the direction in which the process cartridge B is installed in the apparatus main assembly 14 (process cartridge B is installed in the longitudinal direction from the front side of the apparatus main assembly 14 ). The other longitudinal end of the charge unit C is provided with a gear unit 24 , which is fixed to the charge unit frame 13 also with the use of screws.

Referring to FIG. 12 , which is also a side view of the charging unit C as seen from inside, with the regulator blade 8 c and a supporting plate 8 d removed, a pair of blade attachment seats 13 g, i.e., flat portions, which are slightly raised from the component attachment portions 13 e and 13 f, are provided with a female screw 13 h and a dowel-like projection 13 ia. The flat portions, slightly recessed from the corresponding seats 13 g, are covered with a sealing member 21 g, which is formed of material such as sponge, which extends in the longitudinal direction, and is pasted to the flat portion. The charge unit C is also provided with a pair of sealing members 21 b, which are formed of such material as felt, and are pasted to the longitudinal ends of the charge unit frame 13 , one for one, along the internal surface of the semicylindrical sealing portion 8 al located at the longitudinal ends of the charge roller 8 a, to prevent the developer from leaking out of the process cartridge B along the peripheral surface of the shaft of the charge roller 8 a. Therefore, the contour of the cross-section of the portion of the charge unit frame 13 , perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the process cartridge B, is in the form of an arc, the focus of which is on the axial line of the charge roller 8 a.

Referring to FIG. 2 , the regulator blade 8 c, which is formed of metallic material, is fixed to the metallic supporting plate 8 d with the use of a small screw 8 j, holding a small gap from the charge roller 8 a. The metallic supporting plate 8 d has a groove-like cross section. It is fitted around the dowel-like projection 13 i of the seat portion 13 g of the charge unit frame 13 , and as a small screw 8 k put through the hole of the metallic support plate 8 d is screwed into the female threaded hole 13 h of the seal portion 13 g, the metallic supporting plate 8 d comes into contact with the seat portion 13 g, while compressing the sealing member 21 a. Also during this attachment of the metallic supporting plate 8 d, the sealing member 21 a is compressed by the metallic supporting plate 8 d, across the portion adjacent to the seat portion 13 g. The metallic supporting plate 8 d is extremely high in rigidity, and fixing it to the charge unit frame 13 by both longitudinal ends adds to the rigidity of the charge unit frame 13 . There is a backing member 25 on the back side of the metallic supporting plate 8 d, which extends from the component attachment portion 13 e to the component attachment portion 13 f in the longitudinal direction, and is fixed to the metallic supporting member 8 d (FIGS. 2 and 12 ).

(Attachment of Charge Unit)

The charge unit C is supported by the development unit frame 12 , being enabled to pivot about a pivotal axis SC illustrated in FIG. 2 . Therefore, a gear unit 24 fixed to the charge unit frame 13 , at the longitudinal end on the rear side, is provided with a cylindrical shaft portion 26 a, the position of which corresponds to the position of the aforementioned pivotal axis SC, whereas the end cover 23 at the other longitudinal end of the charge unit frame 13 is provided with a cylindrical hole 23 a, the position of which corresponds to the position of the pivotal axis SC, as shown in FIG. 11 .

Referring to FIG. 2 , the development unit frame 12 comprises a bottom portion 12 f, a side wall portion 12 g, an end wall 12 h (rear), and an end wall 12 i (front). The bottom portion 12 holds the aforementioned stirring screws 10 g and 10 h separated by the partitioning wall 10 f, and has a pair of seat portions 12 e to which the regulator blade 10 e is attached. The side wall portion 12 g constitutes the left side wall of the process cartridge B as seen from the upstream side in terms of the direction in which the process cartridge B is installed. The end walls 12 h and 12 i constitute the longitudinal end portions of the process cartridge B as shown in FIGS. 13 , 14 , 17 and 18 . The end wall portion 12 h is provided with a hole 12 j, in which a bearing is fitted to rotatively support the aforementioned cylindrical shaft portion 26 a of the charge unit C. The end wall portion 12 i is provided with a hole 12 m, the diameter of which is the same as that of the cylindrical hole 23 a of the charge unit frame 13 . When joining the charge unit C with the development unit frame 12 , the cylindrical hole 23 of the charge unit C is aligned with the hole 12 m of the end wall portion 12 i of the development unit frame 12 , with the cylindrical shaft portion 26 a of the charge unit C being inserted in the hole 12 j of the end wall portion 12 h of the development unit frame 12 . Next, the rear cover 17 , that is, the cover on the leading side in terms of the direction in which the process cartridge B is installed, is aligned with the longitudinal end portion of the development unit frame 12 so that a shaft supporting portion 17 a in the form of a hollow cylinder projecting in the longitudinal direction, in the space within the rear cover 17 (FIGS. 11 and 15 ), fits in the hole 12 j of the development unit frame 12 , and the cylindrical shaft portion 26 a fits into the cylindrical hollow of the shaft supporting portion 17 a. On the front side, a supporting shaft 27 ( FIGS. 11 and 14 ) is put through the hole 12 m of the end wall portion 12 i of the development unit frame 12 , so as to project inward from the hole 12 m, and fit into the hole 23 a of the charge unit C. As a result, the charge unit C is pivotally supported by the development unit frame 12 ; the cylindrical shaft portion 26 a, that is, one of the longitudinal end portions, of the charge unit C is rotatively supported by the end cover 17 , and the wall of the hole 23 a of the charge unit C, on the other longitudinal end, is supported by the supporting shaft 27 .

Referring to FIGS. 6 and 8 , on the top side of the development unit frame 12 , the top wall 29 is fixed to the development unit frame 12 with the use of small screws 28 , so that the edges of the top wall 29 fit with the guide portion 12 a, that is, the top portion of the side wall 12 g, and the end walls 12 h and 12 i, on the inward side.

Referring to FIG. 2 , the top wall 29 is provided with a pair of spring seats 29 a which are aligned in the longitudinal direction, and each of which holds a compression spring 30 , so that the spring 30 is kept compressed between the top wall 29 and charge unit frame 13 . The charge unit C is kept under the pressure generated by these coil springs 30 in a direction to pivot the charge unit C about the pivotal axis SC in the clockwise direction.

Referring to FIG. 11 , each longitudinal end of the charge roller 8 a is provided with a journal portion 8 a 2 , which is smaller in diameter than the main portion of the charge roller, is coaxial therewith, and is fitted with a freely rotating spacer ring 8 n. The spacer ring 8 n is kept in contact with the peripheral surface of the photosensitive drum 7 , on the portion outside the image formation range, by the resiliency of the aforementioned compression springs 30 . With the provision of the above structure, a gap is provided between the peripheral surfaces of the photosensitive drum 7 and charge roller 8 a. Further, the charge roller 8 a and photosensitive drum 7 are rotated in such directions so that the movements of their peripheral surfaces become opposite to each other where the gap between them is smallest, and the transfer-residual toner, which enters where the distance between the peripheral surfaces of the charge roller 8 a and photosensitive drum 7 is smallest, is caught by the application of charge bias.

Regarding the above described structure, the line connecting the pivotal axis SC and the center of the charge roller 8 a is virtually perpendicular to the line connecting the centers of the charge roller 8 a and photosensitive drum 7 .

Referring to FIG. 2 , the development sleeve 10 d is attached to the development unit frame 12 so that it is allowed to pivot about the pressure application point Slv, to move toward, or away, from the development unit frame 12 . Referring to FIG. 17 , each longitudinal end of the development sleeve 10 d is provided with a journal portion 10 dl, which is smaller in diameter than the main portion of the development sleeve 10 d, and is fitted with a spacer ring 10 j greater in radius, by an amount equal to the development gap, than the main portion. The journal 10 dl is also fitted with a pivotal arm 32 , which is on the outward side of the spacer ring 10 j.

Referring to FIG. 18 , which is a sectional view of the pivotal arm 32 and its adjacencies, at a plane perpendicular to the development sleeve 10 d, the base portion of the pivotal arm 32 is pivotally supported by a supporting axis 33 (pivot axis) put through the development unit frame 12 in the longitudinal direction and press-fitted in both end walls 12 h and 12 i of the development unit frame 12 . The pivotal arm 32 is provided with a bearing hole, which is located approximately straight above the supporting shaft 33 , and a stopper portion 32 b, which is located above the bearing hole 32 a. The pivotal arm 32 is also provided with a spring seat 37 c, the surface of which is approximately perpendicular to the line connecting the pressure application center Slv, i.e., the center of the supporting shaft 33 , and the center of the bearing hole 32 a.

The journal portion 10 dl located at each longitudinal end of the development sleeve 10 d is rotatively supported in the bearing hole 32 a of the pivotal arm 32 . Between the spring seat 32 c, and the spring seat 12 n with which the end wall 12 h ( 12 i ) of the development unit frame 12 , the compression spring 35 is placed in the compressed state. With this arrangement, the pivotal arm 32 is kept under the pressure generated by the compressing spring 35 in a direction to pivot the pivotal arm 32 about the pressure application center Slv (center of the supporting shaft 33 ) toward the photosensitive drum 7 , which in turn keeps the spacer rings 10 j, fitted around the development sleeve 10 d, in contact with the peripheral surface of the photosensitive drum 7 , on the portion outside the image formation range. As a result, a predetermined gap (0.2-10 mm) is maintained between the peripheral surface of the development sleeve 10 d and photosensitive drum 7 .

The aforementioned stopper portion 32 b prevents the pivotal arm 32 from pivoting outward ( FIG. 18 ) of the development unit frame 12 , by coming into contact with the development sleeve cover 36 , when assembling or disassembling the process cartridge B. Thus, after the completion of the assembly of the process cartridge B, the stopper portion 32 b is not in contact with the development sleeve cover 36 . The development sleeve cover 36 extends from the pivotal arm 32 on the front side to the one on the rear side, and is fixed to the development unit frame 12 with screws.

(Structure for Installing Process Cartridge into Main Assembly of Image Forming Apparatus, or Removing it Therefrom)

Referring to some of the appended drawings, for example, FIGS. 3 and 7 , the top portion of the process cartridge B is provided with guiding portions 12 a and 29 b in the form of a flange, which extend along the left and right sides, respectively, as seen from the trailing side in terms of the process cartridge B installation. These guiding portions 12 a and 29 b engage with corresponding unillustrated guide rails, which extend perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 1 , when the process cartridge B is installed into, or removed from, the main assembly of the image forming apparatus.

The process cartridge B is provided with electrical contacts, which come into contact with the corresponding electrical contacts on the apparatus main assembly side, which are connected to an unillustrated high voltage power source provided on the apparatus main assembly side, as the process cartridge B is installed into the apparatus main assembly 14 .

More specifically, referring to FIGS. 3 and 8 , the process cartridge B is provided with a drum ground contact 101 , which is on the trailing side in terms of the direction in which the process cartridge B is installed, and is connected to photosensitive drum 7 . Referring to FIGS. 7 , 9 and 10 , the process cartridge B is provided with a contact 102 for the electrically conductive brush, which is connected to the electrically conductive brush 11 , a charge bias contact 103 which is connected to the charge roller 8 a, and a development bias contact 104 which is connected to the development sleeve 10 d. The contacts 102 , 103 and 104 are on the rear side, i.e., the leading side in terms of the direction in which the process cartridge B is installed. The process cartridge B is also provided with an I.C. equipped connector 105 , which is on the rear side, that is, the same side as the contacts 102 , 103 and 104 . The connector 105 is connected with the unillustrated connector on the apparatus main assembly side as the process cartridge B is installed into the apparatus main assembly 14 , so that the controlling apparatus on the apparatus main assembly side is allowed to write the usage history of the installed process cartridge B into the I.C. equipped connector 105 , or to read it therefrom, to control the image forming operation.

The process cartridge B is provided with three driving power receiving portions in the form of a coupler, the rotational axes of which coincide with the rotational axes of the corresponding components. They are located on the rear side, that is, the leading end side in terms of the direction in which the process cartridge B is installed. As the process cartridge B is installed into the apparatus main assembly 14 , the three driving force receiving portions are connected with the corresponding driving force transmitting members of the apparatus main assembly 14 .

More specifically, referring to FIG. 7 , the rear side of the process cartridge is provided with a drum coupling 37 d, a charging portion coupling 38 , and a development portion coupling 39 , which are exposed from the rear wall of the process cartridge B.

(Means for Supporting and Driving Photosensitive Drum)

The drum coupling 37 d is provided at the longitudinal end of the drum flange 37 fixed to the logitudinal ends of the photosensitive drum 7 .

FIG. 19 depicts a method for supporting the photosensitive drum 7 , and a method for driving the photosensitive drum 7 . The photosensitive drum 7 comprises a hollow aluminum cylinder 7 a, and a layer of photosensitive substrate coated on the peripheral surface of the aluminum cylinder 7 a. The photosensitive drum 7 is provided with a pair of drum flanges 37 and 41 , which are filed to the longitudinal ends of the photosensitive drum 7 , on the driven and non-driven sides, respectively, by pressing their smaller diameter portions into the aluminum cylinder 7 a. The drum shaft 42 is put through the centers of the drum flanges 37 and 41 . One end of the drum shaft 42 is fitted through a through hole 12 b with which the end wall portion 12 i of the development unit frame 12 is provided. A pin 43 is pressed through a through hole made in the drum shaft 42 , in the radial direction, and is exactly fitted in a straight groove which is located in the outwardly facing surface of the drum flange 41 on the non-driven side, and extends outward in both directions from the center of drum flange 41 on the non-driven side. In order to establish an electrical connection between the drum shaft 42 and drum cylinder 7 a, the drum flange 41 on the non-driven side is provided with an electrically conductive spring 44 , which is fixed to the inwardly facing surface of the drum flange 41 . As for the method by which the electrically conductive spring 44 is fixed to the drum flange 41 , the electrically conductive spring 44 is fitted around the dowel-like projection 41 b with which the drum flange 41 is provided, and then, the dowel-like projection 41 b is melted and solidified. One end of the electrically conductive spring 44 remains in contact with the inward surface of the drum cylinder 7 a because of the resiliency of the spring 44 , and the other end of the spring 44 remains in contact with the drum shaft 42 also because of the resiliency of the spring 44 .

One end of the drum grounding contact 101 attached to the end wall portion 12 i of the development unit frame 12 remains in contact with the drum shaft 42 because of the resiliency of the contact 101 . The other end of this drum grounding contact 101 with which the development unit frame 12 is provided, is exposed from the process cartridge B, and serves as an external contact.

The end wall portion 12 i is provided with a straight groove 12 c, which radially extends from the drum shaft supporting through hole 12 b in both directions, so that the pin 43 can be put through the end wall portion 12 i in the axial direction of the photosensitive drum 7 during the assembly of the process cartridge B.

The drum flange 37 on the driven side comprises an attachment portion 37 a, which fits into the drum cylinder 7 a, a rib portion 37 b, which comes into contact with the longitudinal end of the drum cylinder 37 a, a journal portion 37 c with a diameter smaller than that of the rib portion 37 b, and male coupler portion 37 d, which projects in the axial direction of the photosensitive drum 7 from the center portion of the outward surface of the journal portion 37 c, in the listed order from the inward side. The drum flange 37 on the driven side is a molded single piece component.

The journal portion 37 c is rotatively fitted in the shaft supporting portion 17 a which is an integral part of the rear cover 17 inserted into the hole 12 d of the end wall portion 12 h of the development unit frame 12 , with the interposition of a collar 56 between the journal portion 37 c and shaft supporting portion 17 a.

Referring to FIG. 20 , the male coupler portion 37 d is in the form of a twisted equilateral triangular prism. The diameter of the circumcircle of this male coupler portion 37 d is smaller than that of the journal portion 37 c.

The driving apparatus with which the apparatus main assembly 14 is provided comprises a motor 45 anchored to the apparatus main assembly, a pinion gear 46 , an intermediary gear 47 , a large gear 48 , a shaft 49 for the large gear 48 , a bearing 51 for supporting the shaft 49 for the large gear 48 , and a female coupler shaft 52 . The intermediary gear 47 is meshed with the pinion gear 46 and large gear 48 , and is rotatively supported. The shaft 49 for the large gear 48 is fixed to the large gear 48 , and is provided with an axis aligning portion 57 , which is press fitted with the inward end of the shaft 49 .

The bearing 51 supports the shaft 49 for the large gear 48 so that the latter does not move in the axial direction. The female coupler portion 52 a is provided with a hole in the form of a twisted equilateral triangular prism, into, or from, which the male coupler portion 37 d is engaged or disengaged in the axial direction. When the male coupler portion 37 d engages into the female coupler portion 52 b, the longitudinal edges of the male coupler portion 37 d in the form of an equilateral triangular prism make contact with the corresponding surfaces of the hole of the female coupler portion 52 a, in the form of an equilateral triangular prism. As a result, the rotational axis of the male coupler portion 37 d becomes aligned with the rotational axis of the female coupler portion 52 a. There is provided a microscopic gap between the peripheral surface of the axis aligning portion 57 and the inward surface of the female coupler portion, in terms of the radial direction, so that microscopic movement in the radial direction is afforded for the axis aligning portion 57 . The female coupler shaft 52 is kept under the pressure generated by a spring in the direction to move the shaft 52 toward the process cartridge B, and therefore, it remains at the innermost position within the range in which it is allowed to move in the axial direction, although it is enabled to be moved outward against the resiliency of the spring (details are omitted).

The portion of the drum shaft 42 , by which the drum shaft 42 is supported on the non-driven side, is structured so that the drum shaft 42 does not move toward the non-driven side. More specifically, the drum shaft 42 is fitted with a stopper ring 53 as shown in the drawing. A gearing 55 fitted in a gearing case 54 fixed to the front cover 16 fixed to the end wall portion 12 i of the development unit frame 12 is fitted around the drum shaft 42 , and the drum shaft 42 is prevented from moving toward the non-driven side as the outward surface of the shaft stopper ring 53 comes into contact with the inward surface of the bearing case 54 , in terms of the axial direction. In comparison, the movement of the photosensitive drum 7 toward the driven side is controlled by the collar 56 fitted around the journal portion 37 c of the drum flange 37 . Regarding the above described structure, the distance between the shaft supporting portion 17 a and bearing 55 is rendered larger than the distance between the surface of the shaft stopper ring 53 , which faces the bearing 55 , and the surface of the collar 56 , which faces the shaft supporting portion 17 a, so that the photosensitive drum 7 is allowed to move a limited distance in the axial direction.

Since the driving apparatus is structured as described above, as the process cartridge B is installed into the image forming apparatus main assembly 14 , the cartridge frame (development unit frame 12 , front cover 16 , and rear cover 17 ) is precisely positioned relative to the apparatus main assembly 14 in terms of the longitudinal direction. Further, the end portion 42 a of the drum shaft 42 fits into the center hole 57 a of the axis aligning portion 57 , and the male coupler portion 37 d fits into the female coupler portion 52 a. Then, as the motor rotates, the pinion gear 46 , intermediary gear 47 , and large gear 48 rotate, causing the female coupler shaft 52 to rotate through the gear shaft 49 for the large gear 48 , and the axis aligning portion 57 . With this rotation of the female coupler shaft 52 , the end portion of the male coupler portion 37 d comes into contact with the bottom surface of the female coupler portion 52 a, because the male and female coupler portions 37 d and 52 a are both in the form of a twisted triangular prism, and the directions of their twist are such that the male coupler portion 37 d is enabled to be screwed into the female coupler portion 52 a. As a result, the photosensitive drum 7 is accurately positioned in the axial direction relative to the accurately positioned female coupler shaft 52 .

When the male coupler portion 37 d does not engage with the female coupler portion 52 b immediately after the installation of the process cartridge 8 into the apparatus main assembly 14 , the inward surface of the male coupler portion 37 d presses upon the edge of the female coupler portion (hole) 52 a of the female coupler shaft 52 , and therefore, the female coupler shaft 52 is caused to move away from the process cartridge B against the resiliency of the spring which presses the female coupler shaft 53 toward the process cartridge B. However, the male coupler portion 37 d and female coupler portion 52 a instantly engage with each other the moment they synchronize in rotational phase. The above structure may be modified so that, as the photosensitive drum 7 is pulled toward the female coupler shaft 52 by the force generated by the rotational engagement between the two coupler portions, the photosensitive drum 7 is correctly positioned by the contact between the collar 56 fitted around the journal portion 37 c of the drum flange 37 , in contact with the rib 37 b, and the shaft supporting portion 17 a of the rear cover 17 , instead of the contact between the inward surface of the male coupler portion 35 d and the bottom surface of the female coupler portion (hole) 52 a.

This embodiment was described with reference to a process cartridge that integrally comprises a developing means, and a charging means capable of recovering toner, along with a photosensitive drum. However, the structural configuration in this embodiment, that is, the structural configuration for supporting a photosensitive drum with the cartridge frame, and the structural configuration for engaging the driving force receiving portion of the photosensitive drum with the driving member on the image forming apparatus main assembly side, or disengaging them, are also applicable to most process cartridges.

The process cartridge mentioned in this specification is a cartridge that integrally comprises a charging means, a developing means or cleaning means, and an electrophotographic photosensitive drum, and is removably installable into the main assembly of an image forming apparatus, a cartridge that integrally comprises at least a charging means, a developing means, or a cleaning means, in addition to an electrophotographic photosensitive drum, and is removably installable into the main assembly of an image forming apparatus, or a cartridge that integrally comprises at least a developing means and an electrophotographic photosensitive drum, and is removably installable into the main assembly of an image forming apparatus.

Next, a description of this embodiment given above will be summarized, and supplemented.

According to the first aspect of the preceding embodiment of the present invention, the process cartridge B is removably installable in the main assembly 14 of an image forming apparatus, and comprises:

a. developing unit D comprising:

an electrophotographic photosensitive drum 7 ;

a charging means 10 for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on the electrophotographic photosensitive drum 7 , with the use of developer;

a frame 12 for supporting the electrophotographic photosensitive drum 7 and developing means 10 :

b. frame 13 comprising:

a charging means 8 for charging the electrophotographic photosensitive drum;

wherein the frame 13 supports the charging means 8 , and can be connected to, or disconnected from, the frame 12 for supporting the developing means 10 . Therefore, the electrophotographic photosensitive drum can be firmly supported in the process cartridge provided with the charging means 8 .

According to the second aspect of the preceding embodiment, in the process cartridge B in accordance with the first aspect of the preceding embodiment, the frame 13 for supporting the charging means 8 is pivotally supported by the frame 12 for supporting the developing means 10 . Therefore, the charging means and electrophotographic photosensitive drum are correctly positioned relative to each other.

According to the third aspect of the preceding embodiment, in the process cartridge in accordance with the second aspect of the preceding embodiment, the charging means 8 comprises a charge roller 8 a, and the pivotal axis of the frame 13 for supporting the charging means 8 is on the straight line perpendicular to the line connecting the center of the photosensitive drum 7 and the center of the charge roller 8 n.

According to the fourth aspect of the preceding embodiment, in the process cartridge B in accordance with the third aspect of the preceding embodiment, the charge roller 8 a is fitted with a pair of rings 8 e which make contact with the electrophotographic photosensitive drum 7 to secure a predetermined gap between the electrophotographic photosensitive drum 7 and charge roller 8 a, and a spring 30 as an elastic member for keeping the charge roller 8 a pressed upon the electrophotographic photosensitive drum 7 is provided between the frame 13 for supporting the charging means 8 , and the frame 12 for supporting the developing means 10 . Therefore, the charge unit is simple in structure.

According to the fifth aspect of the preceding embodiment, in the process cartridge B in accordance with the first to fourth aspect of the preceding embodiment, the charging means 8 comprises a magnetic brush type charging device which uses magnetic carrier.

According to the sixth aspect of the preceding embodiment, in the process cartridge B in accordance with the fifth aspect of the preceding embodiment, the charging means 8 comprises an electrically conductive brush 11 , which is on the upstream side of the magnetic-brush-type charging device in terms of the moving direction of the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive drum 7 .

According to the seventh aspect of the preceding embodiment, in the process cartridge B in accordance with the sixth aspect of the preceding embodiment, bias, which is opposite in polarity to the charge bias, is applied to the electrically conductive brush 11 .

According to the eighth aspect of the preceding embodiment, in the process cartridge B in accordance with any of the third to seventh aspects of the preceding embodiment, the frame for supporting the charging means 8 comprises the charge unit frame 13 , which extends in the longitudinal direction of the charge roller 8 a along the charge roller 8 , a bearing 22 for supporting the charge roller 8 a fixed to one end of the charge unit frame 13 , an end cover 23 provided with a hole 23 a which is fixed to the frame 13 , on the outward side of the bearing 22 , and serves as the pivotal center of the frame 13 for supporting the charging means 8 , and a gear case 26 , which comprises a cylindrical hollow portion 26 a, is fixed to the other end of the charge unit frame 13 , and serves as the pivotal center of the frame 13 for supporting the charging means 18 .

According to the ninth aspect of the preceding embodiment, in the process cartridge B in accordance with the eighth aspect of the preceding embodiment, the gear case 26 is provided with a gearing portion for supporting the charge roller 8 a.

According to the tenth aspect of the preceding embodiment, in the process cartridge B in accordance with the ninth aspect of the preceding embodiment, a driving force receiving portion is disposed in the cylindrical hollow portion 26 a of the gear case 26 .

According to the eleventh aspect of the preceding embodiment, in the process cartridge B in accordance with the tenth aspect of the preceding embodiment, the gear case 26 supports a gear train 24 G, which delivers a driving force to the internal components of the process cartridge B, ranging from the driving force receiving portion to the charge roller 8 a.

According to the twelfth aspect of the preceding embodiment, in the process cartridge B in accordance with the first aspect of the preceding embodiment, the frame for supporting the developing means 10 comprises; the development unit frame 12 for supporting the development sleeve 10 d of the developing means 10 , the development blade 10 e, the electrophotographic photosensitive drum 7 , and the charge unit C; and the front and rear covers 16 and 17 , that is, the end covers fixed to the corresponding longitudinal ends of the development unit frame 12 .

According to the thirteenth aspect of the preceding embodiment, in the process cartridge B in accordance with the twelfth aspect of the preceding embodiment, the electrophotographic photosensitive drum 17 is provided with a projection in the form of a twisted equilateral polygonal prism, which is attached to one of the longitudinal ends of the electrophotographic photosensitive drum 7 , and serves as the driving force receiving portion, and the rear cover 7 , that is, the end cover, which is fixed to one of the longitudinal ends of the development unit frame 12 , is provided with a hole through which the polygonal projection 37 d is exposed.

According to the fourteenth aspect of the preceding embodiment, in the process cartridge B in accordance with the thirteenth aspect of the preceding embodiment, the rear cover 17 , that is, the end cover, which is fixed to one of the longitudinal ends of the development unit frame 12 , is provided with a hole through which the driving force receiving portion of the charge unit C is exposed.

According to the fifteenth aspect of the preceding embodiment, in the process cartridge B in accordance with the first aspect of the preceding embodiment, the frame 12 for supporting the developing means 10 is provided with a means for installing the process cartridge B into the image forming apparatus main assembly 14 , or removing the process cartridge B therefrom.

According to the sixteenth aspect of the preceding embodiment, in the process cartridge B in accordance with the fifteenth aspect of the preceding embodiment, the means for installing or removing the process cartridge B, into or from, the image forming apparatus main assembly 14 comprises guiding portions 12 a and 29 b, which extend in the longitudinal direction of the process cartridge B, and are moved out of, or into, the image forming apparatus main assembly 14 , along the guide rails provided in the image forming apparatus main assembly 14 .

According to the seventeenth aspect of the preceding embodiment, in the process cartridge B in accordance with the sixteenth aspect of the preceding embodiment, the guides 12 a and 29 b are located, one for one, at the longitudinal top edges of development unit frame 12 .

According to the eighteenth aspect of the preceding embodiment, in the process cartridge B in accordance with the seventeenth aspect of the preceding embodiment, the development unit frame 12 is provided with a top wall 29 , which is fixed to the main structure of the development unit frame 12 , and the guiding portion 12 a is a part of the main structure of the development unit frame 12 , whereas the guiding portion 29 b is a past of the top wall 29 .

According to the nineteenth aspect of the preceding embodiment, in the process cartridge B in accordance with the eighteenth aspect of the preceding embodiment, the contour of the cross section of the development unit frame 12 , at a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the development unit frame 12 , is approximately rectangular. Therefore, the process cartridge is smaller in width, which contributes to the size reduction for a multi-color image forming apparatus.

According to the twentieth aspect of the preceding embodiment, a unit combined with a charging means 8 to form a process cartridge B comprises:

an electrophotographic photosensitive drum 7 ;

developing means 10 for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on the electrophotographic photosensitive drum 7 , with the use of developer; and

a frame 12 for supporting the electrophotographic photosensitive drum 7 and developing means 10 .

According to the twenty-first aspect of the preceding embodiment, in the unit in accordance with the twentieth aspect of the preceding embodiment, the frame 12 for supporting the developing means 10 is provided with a supporting portion for pivotally supporting the frame 13 for supporting the charging means 8 of the process cartridge B.

According to the twenty-second aspect of the preceding embodiment, a unit embodiment with a developing means 10 to form a process cartridge B comprises:

a charging means 8 for charging an electrophotographic photosensitive drum 7 ; and

a frame 13 which supports the charging means 8 , and can be connected with, or separated from, the frame 12 for supporting the developing means 10 .

According to the twenty-third aspect of the preceding embodiment, in the unit in accordance with the twenty-second aspect of the preceding embodiment, the frame 13 for supporting the charging means 8 is provided with a supporting portion for pivotally supporting the frame 12 for supporting the developing means.

The embodiments of the present invention are summarized as follows:

1. A process cartridge (B) detachably mountable to a main assembly ( 14 ) of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, comprises:

(a) a developing unit (D) for supporting an electrophotographic photosensitive drum ( 7 ) and a developing member (developing means 10 ) for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on the electrophotographic photosensitive drum with a developer;

(b) a charging unit (C) for supporting a charging member (charger 8 ) for charging the electrophotographic photosensitive drum, the charging unit being rotatable in a first rotational direction about a rotational center relative to the developing unit in which the charging member moves toward the electrophotographic photosensitive drum and in a second rotational direction about the rotational center in which the charging member moves away from the electrophotographic photosensitive drum.

2. A process cartridge according to Item 1, further comprises a stopper (spacer roller 10 j ) for limiting rotation of the charging unit in the 1 rotational direction beyond a predetermined distance.

3. A process cartridge according to Item 2, wherein the charging member comprises a charging roller ( 8 a ), and wherein the stopper is provided at each of one and the other longitudinal ends, and wherein the stopper is in contact to a peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive drum to maintain a predetermined gap between the charging roller and the electrophotographic photosensitive drum.

4. A process cartridge according to Item 1, wherein the charging roller is provided with a magnetic carrier on its peripheral surface, and the wherein the electrophotographic photosensitive drum is electrically charged by contact of the magnetic carrier to the peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive drum.

5. A process cartridge according to Item 1, wherein the charging unit is provided at the one end with a hole ( 23 a ) for permitting a member (shaft 26 a ) for providing the rotational center to enter, and is provided at the other end with the member for providing the rotational center.

6. A process cartridge according to Item 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, wherein said charging unit includes the charging member ( 8 ), a regulating blade ( 8 c ) and an electroconductive brush ( 11 ), wherein the regulating blade is spaced from the peripheral surface of the charging member in the form of a charging roller ( 8 a ), and the electroconductive brush is disposed upstream of the charging roller with respect to a rotational direction of the electrophotographic photosensitive drum.

7. A process cartridge according to Item 6, wherein the electroconductive brush is supplied with a bias voltage of a polarity opposite from that of a charging bias voltage applied to the charging roller.

8. A process cartridge according to Item 7, wherein the process cartridge is mounted to and demounted from the main assembly of the image forming apparatus in a longitudinal direction of the developing member ( 10 ), and the process cartridge is a provided at a leading side thereof with respect to the mounting direction with a brush bias contact ( 102 ) for receiving a bias voltage to be applied to the electroconductive brush when the process cartridge is mounted to the main assembly of the apparatus, a charging bias contact ( 103 ) for receiving a charging bias voltage to be applied to said charging roller when the process cartridge is mounted to the main assembly of said apparatus, and a developing bias contact ( 104 ) for receiving a developing bias to be applied to the developing roller (sleeve 10 d ) when the process cartridge is mounted to the main assembly of the apparatus.

9. A process cartridge according to Item 8, further comprises a grounding contact ( 101 ) for electrically grounding the electrophotographic photosensitive drum to the main assembly of said apparatus when the process cartridge is mounted to the main assembly of the apparatus, the grounding contact being provided at a trailing side with respect to the mounting direction, which is opposite from the leading side.

10. An electrophotographic image forming apparatus ( 14 ) for forming an image on a recording material, to which a process cartridge (B) is detachably mountable, said apparatus comprises:

a mounting portion for detachably mounting said process cartridge, said process cartridge including;

(a) a developing unit (D) for supporting an electrophotographic photosensitive drum ( 7 ) and a developing member ( 10 ) for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on said electrophotographic photosensitive drum with a developer;

a charging unit (C) for supporting a charging member ( 8 ) for charging the electrophotographic photosensitive drum, the charging unit being rotatable in a first rotational direction about a rotational center relative to the developing unit in which the charging member moves toward the electrophotographic photosensitive drum and in a second rotational direction about the rotational center in which the charging member moves away from the electrophotographic photosensitive drum.

(b) a feeding member (feeding rollers 3 d, 3 f ) for feeding the recording material.

These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon a consideration of the following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

According to the preceding embodiments, the electrophotographic photosensitive drum is supported by a development unit frame with a high degree of rigidity. Therefore, the electrophotographic photosensitive drum is correctly positioned, which contributes to the production of high quality images.

Further, the charging means is in the form of a charge unit. Therefore, an accurate gap is established between the charging means and the electrophotographic photosensitive drum, and the charging means is greater in rigidity. Also, the charge unit and development unit can be separately assembled to be connected later, simplifying the assembly process.

Claims

1. A process cartridge detachably mountable to a main assembly of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, comprising:(a) a developing unit for supporting an electrophotographic photosensitive drum and a developing member for developing an electrostatic latent image forming on said electrophotographic photosensitive drum with a developer; (b) a charging unit for supporting a charging member for charging said electrophotographic photosensitive drum, said charging unit being rotatable in a first rotational direction about a rotational center relative to said developing unit in which said charging member moves toward said electrophotographic photosensitive drum and in a second rotational direction about the rotational center in which said charging member moves away from said electrophotographic photosensitive drum; and (c) means for rotating said charging unit in a first rotational direction about the rotational center relative to said developing unit in which said charging member moves toward said electrophotographic photosensitive drum and in a second rotational direction about the rotational center in which said charging member moves away from said electrophotographic photosensitive drum; and a stopper for limiting rotation of said charging unit in said first rotational direction beyond a predetermined distance.

2. A process cartridge according to claim 1, wherein said charging member comprises a charging roller, and wherein said stopper is provided at each of one and the other longitudinal ends of said charging roller, and wherein said stopper is in contact with a peripheral surface of said electrophotographic photosensitive drum to maintain a predetermined gap between said charging roller and said electrophotographic photosensitive drum.

3. A process cartridge detachably mountable to a main assembly of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, comprising:(a) a developing unit for supporting an electrophotographic photosensitive drum and a developing member for developing an electrostatic latent image forming on said electrophotographic photosensitive drum with a developer; (b) a charging unit for supporting a charging member for charging said electrophotographic photosensitive drum, said charging unit being rotatable in a first rotational direction about a rotational center relative to said developing unit in which said charging member moves toward said electrophotographic photosensitive drum and in a second rotational direction about the rotational center in which said charging member moves away from said electrophotographic photosensitive drum; and (c) means for rotating said charging unit in a first rotational direction about the rotational center relative to said developing unit in which said charging member moves toward said electrophotographic photosensitive drum and in a second rotational direction about the rotational center in which said charging member moves away from said electrophotographic photosensitive drum, wherein said charging roller is provided with a magnetic carrier on its peripheral surface, and the wherein said electrophotographic photosensitive drum is electrically charged by contact of said magnetic carrier to the peripheral surface of said electrophotographic photosensitive drum.

4. A process cartridge detachably mountable to a main assembly of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, comprising:(a) a developing unit for supporting an electrophotographic photosensitive drum and a developing member for developing an electrostatic latent image forming on said electrophotographic photosensitive drum with a developer; (b) a charging unit for supporting a charging member for charging said electrophotographic photosensitive drum, said charging unit being rotatable in a first rotational direction about a rotational center relative to said developing unit in which said charging member moves toward said electrophotographic photosensitive drum and in a second rotational direction about the rotational center in which said charging member moves away from said electrophotographic photosensitive drum; and (c) means for rotating said charging unit in a first rotational direction about the rotational center relative to said developing unit in which said charging member moves toward said electrophotographic photosensitive drum and in a second rotational direction about the rotational center in which said charging member moves away from said electrophotographic photosensitive drum, wherein said charging unit is provided at one longitudinal end thereof with a hole for permitting a member for providing the rotational center to enter, and is provided at the other end thereof with the member for providing the rotational center.

5. A process cartridge detachably mountable to a main assembly of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, comprising:(a) a developing unit for supporting an electrophotographic photosensitive drum and a developing member for developing an electrostatic latent image forming on said electrophotographic photosensitive drum with a developer; (b) a charging unit for supporting a charging member for charging said electrophotographic photosensitive drum, said charging unit being rotatable in a first rotational direction about a rotational center relative to said developing unit in which said charging member moves toward said electrophotographic photosensitive drum and in a second rotational direction about the rotational center in which said charging member moves away from said electrophotographic photosensitive drum; and (c) means for rotating said charging unit in a first rotational direction about the rotational center relative to said developing unit in which said charging member moves toward said electrophotographic photosensitive drum and in a second rotational direction about the rotational center in which said charging member moves away from said electrophotographic photosensitive drum, further comprising a stopper for limiting rotation of said charging unit in said first rotational direction beyond a predetermined distance, wherein said charging member comprises a charging roller, and wherein said stopper is provided at each of one and the other longitudinal ends of said charging roller, and wherein said stopper is in contact with a peripheral surface of said electrophotographic photosensitive drum to maintain a predetermined gap between said charging roller and said electrophotographic photosensitive drum, wherein said charging roller is provided with a magnetic carrier on its peripheral surface, and the wherein said electrophotographic photosensitive drum is electrically charged by contact of said magnetic carrier to the peripheral surface of said electrophotographic photosensitive drum, wherein said charging unit is provided at one longitudinal end thereof with a hole for permitting a member for providing the rotational center to enter, and is provided at the other end thereof with the member for providing the rotational center, wherein said charging unit includes said charging member, a regulating blade and an electroconductive brush, wherein said regulating blade is spaced from the peripheral surface of said charging member in the form of a charging roller, and said electroconductive brush is disposed upstream of said charging roller with respect to a rotational direction of said electrophotographic photosensitive drum.

6. A process cartridge according to claim 5, wherein said electroconductive brush is supplied with a bias voltage of a polarity opposite from that of a charging bias voltage applied to said charging roller.

7. A process cartridge according to claim 6, wherein said process cartridge is mounted to and demounted from the main assembly of said image forming apparatus in a longitudinal direction of said developing member, and said process cartridge is a provided at a leading side thereof with respect to the mounting direction with a brush bias contact for receiving a bias voltage to be applied to said electroconductive brush when said process cartridge is mounted to the main assembly of said apparatus, a charging bias contact for receiving a charging bias voltage to be applied to said charging roller when said process cartridge is mounted to the main assembly of said apparatus, and a developing bias contact for receiving a developing bias to be applied to said developing roller when said process cartridge is mounted to the main assembly of said apparatus.

8. A process cartridge according to claim 7, further comprising a grounding contact for electrically grounding said electrophotographic photosensitive drum to the main assembly of said apparatus when said process cartridge is mounted to the main assembly of said apparatus, said grounding contact being provided at a trailing side with respect to the mounting direction, which is opposite from the leading side.

9. An electrophotographic image forming apparatus for forming an image on a recording material, to which a process cartridge is detachably mountable said apparatus comprising:a mounting portion for detachably mounting said process cartridge, said process cartridge including: (a) a developing unit for supporting an electrophotographic photosensitive drum and a developing member for developing an electrostatic latent image forming on said electrophotographic photosensitive drum with a developer; (b) a charging unit for supporting a charging member for charging said electrophotographic photosensitive drum, said charging unit being rotatable in a first rotational direction about a rotational center relative to said developing unit in which said charging member moves toward said electrophotographic photosensitive drum and in a second rotational direction about the rotational center in which said charging member moves away from said electrophotographic photosensitive drum; and (c) means for rotating said charging unit in a first rotational direction about the rotational center relative to said developing unit in which said charging member moves toward said electrophotographic photosensitive drum and in a second rotational direction about the rotational center in which said charging member moves away from said electrophotographic photosensitive drum; and (d) a stopper for limiting rotation of said charging unit in said first rotational direction beyond a predetermined distance; and a feeding member for feeding the recording material.

10. A process cartridge according to claim 9, wherein said charging member comprises a charging roller, and wherein said stopper is provided at each of one and the other longitudinal ends of said charging roller, and wherein said stopper is in contact with a peripheral surface of said electrophotographic photosensitive drum to maintain a predetermined gap between said charging roller and said electrophotographic photosensitive drum.

11. An electrophotographic image forming apparatus for forming an image on a recording material, to which a process cartridge is detachably mountable said apparatus comprising:a mounting portion for detachably mounting said process cartridge, said process cartridge including: (a) a developing unit for supporting an electrophotographic photosensitive drum and a developing member for developing an electrostatic latent image forming on said electrophotographic photosensitive drum with a developer; (b) a charging unit for supporting a charging member for charging said electrophotographic photosensitive drum, said charging unit being rotatable in a first rotational direction about a rotational center relative to said developing unit in which said charging member moves toward said electrophotographic photosensitive drum and in a second rotational direction about the rotational center in which said charging member moves away from said electrophotographic photosensitive drum; and (c) means for rotating said charging unit in a first rotational direction about the rotational center relative to said developing unit in which said charging member moves toward said electrophotographic photosensitive drum and in a second rotational direction about the rotational center in which said charging member moves away from said electrophotographic photosensitive drum, wherein said charging roller is provided with a magnetic carrier on its peripheral surface, and the wherein said electrophotographic photosensitive drum is electrically charged by contact of said magnetic carrier to the peripheral surface of said electrophotographic photosensitive drum; and a feeding member for feeding the recording material.

12. An electrophotographic image forming apparatus for forming an image on a recording material, to which a process cartridge is detachably mountable said apparatus comprising:a mounting portion for detachably mounting said process cartridge, said process cartridge including: (a) a developing unit for supporting an electrophotographic photosensitive drum and a developing member for developing an electrostatic latent image forming on said electrophotographic photosensitive drum with a developer; (b) a charging unit for supporting a charging member for charging said electrophotographic photosensitive drum, said charging unit being rotatable in a first rotational direction about a rotational center relative to said developing unit in which said charging member moves toward said electrophotographic photosensitive drum and in a second rotational direction about the rotational center in which said charging member moves away from said electrophotographic photosensitive drum; and (c) means for rotating said charging unit in a first rotational direction about the rotational center relative to said developing unit in which said charging member moves toward said electrophotographic photosensitive drum and in a second rotational direction about the rotational center in which said charging member moves away from said electrophotographic photosensitive drum, wherein said charging unit is provided at one longitudinal end thereof with a hole for permitting a member for providing the rotational center to enter, and is provided at the other end thereof with the member for providing the rotational center; and a feeding member for feeding the recording material.

13. An electrophotographic image forming apparatus for forming an image on a recording material, to which a process cartridge is detachably mountable said apparatus comprising:a mounting portion for detachably mounting said process cartridge, said process cartridge including: (a) a developing unit for supporting an electrophotographic photosensitive drum and a developing member for developing an electrostatic latent image forming on said electrophotographic photosensitive drum with a developer; (b) a charging unit for supporting a charging member for charging said electrophotographic photosensitive drum, said charging unit being rotatable in a first rotational direction about a rotational center relative to said developing unit in which said charging member moves toward said electrophotographic photosensitive drum and in a second rotational direction about the rotational center in which said charging member moves away from said electrophotographic photosensitive drum; and (c) means for rotating said charging unit in a first rotational direction about the rotational center relative to said developing unit in which said charging member moves toward said electrophotographic photosensitive drum and in a second rotational direction about the rotational center in which said charging member moves away from said electrophotographic photosensitive drum, further comprising a stopper for limiting rotation of said charging unit in said first rotational direction beyond a predetermined distance, wherein said charging member comprises a charging roller, and wherein said stopper is provided at each of one and the other longitudinal ends of said charging roller, and wherein said stopper is in contact with a peripheral surface of said electrophotographic photosensitive drum to maintain a predetermined gap between said charging roller and said electrophotographic photosensitive drum, wherein said charging roller is provided with a magnetic carrier on its peripheral surface, and the wherein said electrophotographic photosensitive drum is electrically charged by contact of said magnetic carrier to the peripheral surface of said electrophotographic photosensitive drum, wherein said charging unit is provided at one longitudinal end thereof with a hole for permitting a member for providing the rotational center to enter, and is provided at the other end thereof with the member for providing the rotational center, wherein said charging unit includes said charging member, a regulating blade and an electroconductive brush, wherein said regulating blade is spaced from the peripheral surface of said charging member in the form of a charging roller, and said electroconductive brush is disposed upstream of said charging roller with respect to a rotational direction of said electrophotographic photosensitive drum, a feeding member for feeding the recording material.

14. An apparatus according to claim 13, wherein said electroconductive brush is supplied with a bias voltage of a polarity opposite from that a charging bias voltage applied to said charging roller.

15. An apparatus according to claim 14, wherein said process cartridge is mounted to and demounted from the main assembly of said image forming apparatus in a longitudinal direction of said developing member, and said process cartridge is a provided at a leading side thereof with respect to the mounting direction with a brush bias contact for receiving a bias voltage to be applied to said electroconductive brush when said process cartridge is mounted to the main assembly of said apparatus, a charging bias contact for receiving a charging bias voltage to be applied to said charging roller when said process cartridge is mounted to the main assembly of said apparatus, and a developing bias contact for receiving a developing bias to be applied to said developing roller when said process cartridge is mounted to the main assembly of said apparatus.

16. An apparatus according to claim 15, further comprising a grounding contact for electrically grounding said electrophotographic photosensitive drum to the main assembly of said apparatus when said process cartridge is mounted to the main assembly of said apparatus, said grounding contact being provided at a trailing side with respect to the mounting direction, which is opposite from the leading side.