Patent Application
20130098128
The invention relates to a method for hot-rolling of metallic hollow bodies as well as a corresponding hot-rolling mill. In particular, the invention relates to a method for hot-rolling of metallic, elongated hollow bodies by means of a rolling rod disposed in the hollow body, to which lubricant is applied before the hot-rolling process. Also, the invention relates to a hot-rolling mill for hot-rolling of metallic, elongated hollow bodies by means of a rolling rod disposed in the hollow body, having a hot-rolling device as well as having a lubricant application station disposed ahead of it.
In this connection, it should be particularly emphasized that the present invention does not relate to chrome-plating and subsequent polishing of roller rods, as is disclosed, for example, in JP 2000-246312 A and actually has already been known significantly longer, and which, of course, also lowers the friction coefficients of the roller rods, particularly by means of the polishing process. Such a chrome layer, however, remains on the rolling rod for a plurality of rolling processes, while related lubricant layers are applied to the rolling rod before every rolling process, so that lubricant must therefore be viewed as a true consumable in such rolling processes.
Such methods and apparatuses are known, for example, from DE 100 44 111 A1 as well as from EP 0 076 170 A1, whereby DE 100 44 111 A1 discloses a method for the lubrication of forming dies or molds, particularly also of hot-forging dies, in which a powder consisting of graphite or a powder containing graphite is electrically or electrostatically charged and subsequently applied to the tool in question, with the aid of an electrical field. Something similar is also disclosed by EP 0 076 170 A1, whereby here, a liquid, if necessary with lubricant particles suspended in the liquid, as is also disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,492,639, is applied, while according to DE 100 44 111 A1, the application takes place by way of a solid but powder-form lubricant, in other words also a fluidic lubricant. EP 1 775 038 B1 and US 2009/0293569 also disclose the use of a powder-form, i.e. fluidic or flowable lubricant, but this is obviously applied without the use of an electrical field, with the aid of a carrier gas stream. In this connection, a lubricant layer can be applied to the inside of the hollow block to be processed, in other words the work piece, on the one hand. Likewise, a corresponding lubrication can also be provided on the rolling rod, in other words on a tool, whereby graphite-based lubricants, for example with the addition of a plastic-based organic binder or mica-based lubricant having an organic binder on the basis of borates can be used as lubricants.
Solid lubricants for rolling rods are disclosed, for example also in U.S. Pat. No. 4,57.5,430, whereby there, application of the solid lubricant to the rolling rod takes place by way of abrasive or melting processes. While the latter processes lead directly to a liquid application of the lubricant, as was already explained above, the former processes as such apparently cause an application of the lubricant in solid form, to a corresponding rolling rod, at first glance. However, the abrasive transfer of lubricant brings about the result, on a microscopic scale, that the apparently solid structure of the abrasively applied lubricant is broken up and that a solid structure only forms again after application to the rolling rod.
All these methods therefore have in common that during rubbing off or abrasive application or even during spraying on—whether this involves a dry powder or a liquid—the lubricant thickness can be controlled and restricted to a minimum only with great difficulty, because as little time as possible should elapse for application of the lubricant, so that the rolling rod, in each instance, cools off as little as possible, and is available for the next rolling process as quickly as possible, and that the local lubricant thickness distribution can be controlled only with difficulty by means of such spraying processes.
It is the task of the present invention to provide a remedy here.
As a solution, on the one hand, a method for hot-rolling of metallic, elongated hollow bodies by means of a rolling rod disposed in the hollow body, to which lubricant is applied before the hot-rolling process, is proposed, whereby this method is characterized in that the lubricant is applied to the rolling rod in solid form.
In deviation from lubricant that is applied fluidically, as a powder, paste, suspension, or in some other liquid form, application in solid form, for example in the form of films, sheets, or shaped bodies, allows more rapid and operationally reliable application, particularly since the risks that lubricant will fall off again, in uncontrolled manner, or will be removed again by means of almost explosion-like evaporation processes of a carrier fluid, can be reduced to a minimum. In this connection, it should be emphasized that a “solid form” assumes a macroscopic and, within certain limits, inherently stable form of the lubricant, which differs from fluidic, in other words flowable or spreadable states, which can flow, as a multi-particle or multi-body mass stream, whether in the case of abrasive or ablative processes, in a power stream, in a suspension, or, as whole, as a liquid, in that the characteristic dimensions of the lubricant present in solid form are significantly greater, at the time when the lubricant is applied to the rolling rod, than the final layer thickness. In this regard, films, sheets, or other thin surface structures, but also rods will be viewed as solid, since these, particularly in one dimension in the case of rods and the like or in two dimensions in the case of sheets or films, are significantly greater than the layer thickness, namely than the rod diameter or than the thickness of the films or sheets, while dry powders can flow and are not solid as such. The same holds true for pastes, which generally start to flow immediately, particularly at the temperatures at which the rolling rods are or must be lubricated, and therefore demonstrate the same disadvantages as sprayable liquids, and for lubricants that are applied to the rolling rod by means of abrasive processes or ablation, because there, as well, the solid structure is locally broken up during abrasive application, and characteristic dimensions can be found in minute lubricant particles or droplets, which are individually transferred from one surface to the other, by means of the abrasive application.
Preferably, the lubricant is at first prefabricated in a first method step, and subsequently, the prefabricated lubricant is applied to the rolling rod in a second method step. In this way, it is possible to work with the related precession during prefabrication, in particular without the rolling process itself or a work path of the rolling rod and its cycle speed or components of the rolling train or the temperatures prevailing there impairing this prefabrication. This particularly holds true if the two method steps are not synchronized, so that prefabrication can take place even independent, in terms of time, from the application or affixation to the rolling rod.
Accordingly, independent of the other characteristics of the present invention, a hot-rolling mill for hot-rolling of metallic, elongated hollow bodies by means of a rolling rod disposed in the hollow body, having a hot-rolling device as well as having a lubricant application station disposed ahead of it, is proposed, which is characterized by a lubricant fabrication station that is disposed separate from the lubricant application station. This allows, for the first time, targeted application of lubricant outside of a cycle that takes place during production or during rolling, through which process the rolling rods pass, and which is ultimately predetermined by the cycle speed of this cycle, whereby already for energy reasons and also for reasons of acquisition costs, it is the goal to allow the rolling rods to rotate at the shortest possible cycle frequency and, if possible, not to cool off. If necessary, it is also possible to have multiple lubricant fabrication stations run parallel, if the cycle frequency of the rolling rods is so great that one lubricant fabrication station cannot prefabricate the lubricant quickly enough.
Such non-synchronized prefabrication is particularly advantageous if the lubricant is applied to the rolling rod in solid form. For example, films or strips can be correspondingly prepared as rolled goods, in order to subsequently wrap them onto the rolling rods as part of the ongoing production process. Likewise, sheets or films can be cut to size, in preparation, or also—possibly only locally, for example in the region of or shortly behind a rolling rod tip—prepared in multiple layers, in order to subsequently lay this around a rolling rod, quickly and in operationally reliable manner, during the ongoing production process. On the other hand, however, lubricant, whether in solid or in non-solid form, can first be applied to a matrix, in a prefabricating method step, and subsequently applied to the rolling rod in the second method step, whereby it is certainly possible, during the second method step, for the lubricant to be solid or not solid, as long as it remains stable in the matrix to a sufficient extent, until it is transferred to the rolling rod.
Independent of the other characteristics of the present invention, the invention accordingly also proposes a method for hot-rolling of metallic, elongated hollow bodies using a rolling rod disposed in the hollow body, to which lubricant is applied before the rolling process, whereby this hot-rolling method is characterized in that the lubricant is applied into a matrix adapted to the rolling rod, and subsequently applied to the rolling rod.
The latter solution makes it possible, cumulatively or alternatively to the lubricant application in solid form, a controlled and controllable lubricant application, in which also, the risk of sudden evaporation of large amounts of fluid but also precise layer thickness control can easily take place, because ultimately, the matrix can easily be prepared and, in terms of fluid amount, also be adapted locally to the corresponding requirements, before the lubricant is transferred to the rolling rod, coming from the matrix. The latter process can then occur very quickly, so that the overall process is only insignificantly slowed down by this.
Using a corresponding matrix, the lubricant can be introduced into the matrix in solid form. For this purpose, individual or multiple layers of lubricant film can be laid into the matrix, for example. Likewise, however, liquid or fluidic lubricant can also be applied to the matrix, whereby in particular, the possibility exists to carry out this process thoroughly and over a longer period of time, so that it takes place in correspondingly controlled manner. In particular, in the case of liquid lubricants or lubricants that are applied to the matrix in connection with a liquid, evaporation or drying processes will take place, so that uncontrolled evaporation of these liquids, when they come into contact with the rolling rod, does not occur.
Depending on the concrete implementation, it is therefore possible, in this connection, that even fluidic lubricants, such as, in particular, suspensions or pastes, harden or are compressed by means of being pressed on, in such a manner that a self-supporting shaped body is formed in the matrix, which then, in accordance with the solution first mentioned, leads to the result that the lubricant is applied to the rolling rod in solid form. However, this is not absolutely necessary, as long as the lubricant is sufficiently stabilized in shape by means of the matrix; then, even non-self-supporting forms of lubricant can be applied over the matrix and, supported by the matrix, applied to the rolling rod in operationally reliable manner.
Accordingly, it is advantageous if, after the lubricant has been applied to the matrix, the lubricant is transferred from the matrix to the rolling rod, in that either the rolling rod is laid into the matrix, or the matrix is laid around the rolling rod. This particularly also allows suitable pressing of the lubricant onto the rolling rod, so that the lubricant remains on the rolling rod, in operationally reliable manner, even during the subsequent processes, such as, for example, during transport to the hot-rolling device or during introduction into the hollow body. In this connection, it is understood that corresponding pressing on or pressing down of the lubricant can also take place in another manner, as will be explained below.
In particular, the lubricant can be applied to the rolling rod in film or sheet form, as has already been indicated above. In this connection, in particular, precut parts can also be used, so that layer thickness variation of the lubricant can already be implemented, easily and in operationally reliable manner, during preparation. On the other hand, however, it is also possible to lay lubricant films or sheets into a matrix and to apply them to the rolling rod subsequently, as has already been explained above. In this connection, it should also be explained that corresponding thin bodies composed of lubricant, whether they are disposed within a matrix or preformed in some other manner, to be self-supporting, are referred to as films.
Lubricants in film or sheet form are also pressed onto or pressed down onto the rolling rod. When using a matrix, this takes place directly when the matrix is laid around the rolling rods or when the rolling rod is laid into the matrix. On the other hand, pressing on or pressing down can also take place by way of rollers or other modules.
Particularly if the lubricant present in film or sheet form is wound onto the rolling rod, the longitudinal tension in the corresponding lubricant material web that is applied for winding it on can already guarantee sufficient pressing on of the lubricant.
The above solutions bring about the result, in each instance, that the lubricant is applied to the rolling rod either in solid form, whether in film or sheet form or as a molded body, or whether in still fluidic, i.e. flowable form, supported by a matrix. In this way, particularly controlled and controllable lubricant application can be implemented, particularly without the risk of sudden evaporation of large amounts of liquids, or unintentional dripping of fluid components. In particular, depending on the concrete requirements, the layer thickness as well as the extent to which the lubricant is pressed on can be adapted to the existing requirements, depending on the concrete implementation of the present invention.
Accordingly, the present invention proposes, independent of the other characteristics of this invention, a method for hot-rolling of metallic, elongated hollow bodies by means of a rolling rod disposed in the hollow body, as a solution for the task stated above, whereby lubricant is applied to the rolling rod before the hot-rolling process, and the method is characterized in that the lubricant is pressed onto the rolling rod. By means of this pressing on, the risk of sudden evaporation as well as uncontrolled dripping of lubricant can be minimized, independent of the other characteristics of the invention. In this connection, “pressing on” is understood to mean an application of force with mechanical means, in the present case.
In this regard, a hot-rolling mill for hot-rolling of metallic, elongated hollow bodies by means of a rolling rod disposed in the hollow body is also proposed, whereby the hot-rolling mill has a hot-rolling device as well as a lubricant application station disposed ahead of it, and is characterized by an apparatus for pressing lubricant on. By means of this pressing on, simple control of the layer thickness can be guaranteed, particularly if the latter is supposed to be varied. In this connection, the layer thickness can be influenced in targeted manner, for example by means of lubricant sheets or films, or by means of damp powder, by means of sufficiently paste-like lubricant, or by corresponding mold matrices, whereby the press-on apparatus can comprise at least one lubricant application roller, which guarantees particularly controlled and controllable lubricant application. In particular, the risk of sudden evaporation of large amounts of liquid, as was already explained above, can be minimized in targeted manner.
Accordingly, it is also advantageous in process management if the lubricant is rolled on, which can particularly take place by means of rollers, but also by means of brushes or caterpillar chains, link chains, or prism chains, in other words chains that carry matrices. Since the latter device cannot be referred to as application rollers, it is accordingly advantageous if the press-on apparatus comprises at least one lubricant press, which can be implemented, for example, by means of the aforementioned chains, particularly prism chains, but also by means of conveyor belts.
As has already been explained above, films can also be applied to the rolling rod. Accordingly, it is advantageous if the press-on apparatus comprises at least one film winding apparatus. In this connection, the film tension can also serve for pressing on, if necessary, whereby—depending on the concrete implementation—a lubricant press or a corresponding press-on roller can also be provided, in order to be able to ensure sufficient press-on forces.
Independent of the other characteristics of the present invention, furthermore a hot-rolling mill for hot-rolling of metallic, elongated hollow bodies by means of a rolling rod disposed on the hollow body is proposed, whereby the hot-rolling mill comprises a hot-rolling device as well as a lubricant application station disposed ahead of it, and is characterized in that the lubricant application station has an apparatus for variation of the layer thickness of the lubricant along the rolling rod. Accordingly, a method for hot-rolling of metallic, elongated hollow bodies by means of a rolling rod disposed in the hollow body, to which lubricant is applied before the hot-rolling process, is proposed, whereby this method is characterized in that the layer thickness of the lubricant is varied along the rolling rod, during application.
By means of layer thickness variation, and, in particular, by means of layer thickness control, the layer thickness can be adapted to the individual needs. In particular, layer thickness variation can be provided over the axial expanse of the rolling rod, for example with a maximum at 0.3 times the rolling rod length. In this manner, the amount of lubricant can be minimized, thereby making it possible to optimize the overall costs for hot-rolling accordingly. Likewise, it is possible to provide a variation of the layer thickness particularly in the circumference direction around the rolling rod, particularly in the run-in region. This particularly takes the fact into account that in general, during hot-rolling, only selected regions come into contact with the rolling rod at a specific point in time, particularly at the beginning of the rolling process, even at the circumference. By means of a correspondingly adapted layer thickness of the lubricant, it can be ensured that only the amount of lubricant that is actually required is present at the corresponding locations.
In this connection, it is understood that the layer thickness, in particular, is also measured locally, and that the measurement result can be used for a regulation circuit for regulating the layer thickness. The latter particularly holds true even if fluidic lubricants, in other words paste-like, liquid, or powder-form lubricants are applied, because here, possible deviations from default values, as the result of minor disruptions, must be feared to a greater extent than is the case for solid lubricants.
In particular, the lubricant can be applied to the rolling rod in multiple layers. This can particularly take place also by means of different application methods, whereby as a result, more precise and easy layer thickness control as well as adaptation to individual requirements can take place, particularly even if the number of lubricant layers is selected to be locally different. In particular, the type of lubricant layers can also be adapted in accordance with the requirements, whereby it is also possible to apply different types of lubricants in different layers. In this connection, it is understood that multi-layer application of lubricant to the rolling rod is advantageous even independent of the other characteristics of the present invention, for a method for hot-rolling of metallic, elongated hollow bodies by means of a rolling rod disposed in the hollow body, to which rod lubricant is applied before the hot-rolling process. This is true particularly also as a distinction from EP 1 775 038 B1, in which lubricant is provided on the rolling rod, on the one hand, but in the hollow body, on the other hand, whereby in particular, the latter sets very high requirements with regard to lubricant application, because the corresponding hollow body has relatively high temperatures and the lubricant application must take place from the inside.
As was already indicated above, the lubricant layers can have different material properties, so that as a result, the lubrication behavior can be influenced in desired manner, whereby in particular, the lubricant layers can also be varied locally and adapted to the requirements.
Before lubricant application to the rolling rod, the lubricant can be provided with a functional agent. In this way, the risk of uncontrolled or sudden evaporation of any fluids can be minimized, because the functional agent, even if it is applied to the lubricant in liquid or powder form, has time to enter into a good connection with the lubricant before the lubricant itself, together with the functional agent, is applied to the rolling rod.
On the other hand, it is also possible to apply a layer of functional agent directly to the rolling rod before the lubricant application takes place. The latter is possible, in particular, without the risk of uncontrolled or sudden evaporation of liquid or without the risk of dripping of functional agent, if the functional agent is solid. If the functional agent is fluidic, then uniform application of lubricant can be ensured by means of the use of sheets or films as lubricant or by means of the use of shaped bodies as lubricants, or also by means of the suitable use of application apparatuses, such as rollers or matrices, even if the functional agent might possibly be applied to the rolling rod in uncontrolled manner or more or less uncontrolled manner. In concrete process management, however, it is also possible that application of the functional agent to the rolling rod takes place immediately before lubricant application, so that the time span in which the functional agent can react in uncontrolled manner is minimized.
Possible functional agents that can be used are, in particular, an adhesive, a binder, a release agent, such as lime or borax, and/or an insulation agent, particularly a thermal insulation agent. In this regard, any suitable additive material that must also be applied to the rolling rod can be used supplemental to the lubricant.
As was already indicated above, the risk of evaporation of liquid can be further minimized if the functional agent is also applied in solid form. In particular, the functional agent can be applied to the rolling rod in film or sheet form. Particularly if the functional agent does not have to be provided between lubricant and rolling rod, it is advantageous if the lubricant is applied directly to the rolling rod. In this regard, application of liquids or fluidic or flowable materials is refrained from before the lubricant comes into contact with the rolling rod. In this way, possible disadvantages can come, such as uncontrolled evaporation or displacement of some materials can be avoided because no such materials get onto the rolling rod before the actual lubricant application.
When using films, sheets, or molded bodies, whether these consist of lubricant and/or of functional agents, support materials such as cellulose or paper, to which the agents, in other words the lubricants and/or functional agents, are applied, can be used, particularly also as an alternative to reusable, generally metallic matrices, before these agents are applied to the rolling rod or introduced into the matrix. This makes it possible, even at very thin layer thicknesses, to form self-supporting structures for the lubricant or the functional agent, even if these layer thicknesses in themselves do not suffice to sufficiently stabilize the material. Depending on the concrete implementation, the support materials can be removed again and disposed of, or passed to reuse, after lubrication of the rolling rod or after introduction of the lubricant or the functional agent into the matrix. On the other hand, the support materials can also remain on the rolling rod and be lost, for example burned off, during rolling, whereby they can also be used as a functional agent, if necessary.
The use of solid lubricants, in particular, brings with it a low water or liquid content of the lubricants, and this might also be able to minimize aging processes.
The method according to the invention, but also the apparatus according to the invention, are particularly suitable for shells, pipes, or other elongated hollow bodies that are supposed to be hot-rolled using a rolling rod.
It is understood that the characteristics of the solutions described above and in the claims can also be combined, if necessary, in order to be able to implement the advantages cumulatively, accordingly.
Depending on the concrete implementation of the present invention, the following advantages can be implemented cumulatively or alternatively:
In the present invention, any type of lubricant that is suitable for hot-rolling can be used as lubricants. Layer-form graphite is particularly preferred, particularly if its electrical conductivity was lowered by means of known measures. Also, low-graphite or graphite-free lubricants are possible, particularly for high-alloy steels or special steels.
Further advantages, goals, and properties of the present invention will be explained using the following description of exemplary embodiments, which are particularly also shown in the attached drawing. The drawing shows:
In hot-rolling of a work piece 1 by means of a rolling rod 2, as shown schematically in
In this connection, it is known from the state of the art to apply a lubricant dispersion 6 onto a rolling rod 2 from a nozzle ring 7, which rod is being guided past the nozzle ring 7 by means of transport rollers 5, for example (see
By means of the use of a lubricant film 8 (see
As shown as an example in
In the case of the latter implementations, in particular, it is possible that films having a varying layer thickness are used, so that a varying layer thickness profile of the lubricant layer 15 is directly applied to the rolling rods. On the other hand, it is understood that a corresponding profile can also be made available by means of multiple layers that are applied or put on.
As is directly evident, the application rollers 10 bring about the result, in the exemplary embodiment according to
However, such mechanical pressing on or pressing down can also be advantageously utilized—in accordance with the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 7—in the case of fluidic lubricants, for example in the case of dry or at most slightly moistened lubricant powders, but also in the case of a corresponding paste-like material. For this purpose, the fluidic lubricant is applied to an application band 12, for example from a lubricant supply 11; this band runs by way of deflection rolls 13. In this connection, the application band 12 is disposed at a slight incline relative to the movement direction of the rolling rod 2, which rolls over the application band 12, so that the lubricant is pressed onto the rolling rod 2. In this manner, the lubricant can be applied to the rolling rod 2 in targeted and operationally reliable manner, at minimal loss. The layer thickness can be controlled, on the one hand, by means of the speed of the application band 12, by means of the take-off speed from the lubricant supply 11 and/or by means of the slanted position between rolling rod 2 and application band 12.
Flowable lubricant can also, as shown as an example in
In this connection, it is understood that, in particular also in the implementations according to
In the case of a hot-rolling mill 20, as explained as an example in
Subsequently, the hollow block 21 is positioned in front of a corresponding rolling mill 24 (here a longitudinal rolling mill), and a rolling rod 2 coated with lubricant is pushed into the hollow block 21. The latter takes place, in the case of this embodiment, by way of a retention apparatus 25 that positions the rolling rod 2 accordingly and holds it in place also during the subsequent rolling process. In other implementations of the present invention, the rolling rod 2 can rotate freely, without retention, whereby then, preferably, a corresponding positioning device is provided for the roller rod 2, in order to introduce the rod into the hollow block 1 and continue to convey it, if necessary.
After rolling, the rolling rod 2 is retracted and moved out of the roiling line by way of transverse transport 26. After the transverse transport, the rolling rod 2 is conveyed through a cooling device 28, by way of roller conveyors 27, in the case of this exemplary embodiment, and there cooled to the temperature required for subsequent lubrication. Depending on the concrete implementation of the present invention, it is also possible to do without separate cooling, if necessary.
After cooling, the rolling rod 2 is once again transported transversely in a transverse transport 29, and passed to a lubricant application station 30 according to the invention, which is connected, in the case of this exemplary embodiment, with a separate lubricant prefabrication station 33, from which prefabricated lubricant is made available, being kept on hand. In this exemplary embodiment, the hot-rolling mill 20 and the lubricant prefabrication station 33 do not work synchronous with one another, whereby it is understood that in other embodiments, synchronous work or even doing without such separate lubricant prefabrication can be provided, if necessary. The latter lubricant application station 30 can be any one of the application stations described above, or can implement any one of the application methods described above.
After lubrication, the rod is transported to a waiting position, by way of further roller conveyors 31 or by way of a further transverse transport 32, from which position it can be picked up by the retention device 25, if this has been moved back (shown with a dotted line) and introduced into a hollow block 21 that has been made available.
It is understood that such a cycle for rolling rod lubrication can deviate in details from the exemplary embodiment described above, without deviating from the basic idea of the present invention.
1 work piece
2 rolling rod
3 cross-rolling
4 longitudinal rollers
5 transport roller
6 lubricant dispersion
7 nozzle ring
8 lubricant film
9 supply roll
10 application roller
11 lubricant supply
12 application band
13 deflection roll
14 slinger wheel
15 lubricant layer
20 hot-rolling mill
21 hollow block
22 transverse transport
23 deoxidation system
24 rolling mill
25 retention device
26 transverse transport
27 roller conveyor
28 cooling device
29 transverse transport
30 lubricant application station
31 roller conveyor
32 transverse transport
33 lubricant fabrication station
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 2010 025 288.3 | Jun 2010 | DE | national |
| 10 2010 049 645.6 | Oct 2010 | DE | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/DE2011/001411 | 6/28/2011 | WO | 00 | 12/24/2012 |
