Process for preparing ethanebis(methylphosphinic) acid

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for preparing ethanebis(methylphosphinic) acid which comprises reacting ethyne (acetylene) with methyl phophonous acid.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention relates to a process for preparing ethanebis(methylphosphinic) acid from methylphosphonous acid, and also to the use of the products prepared by this process.

[0002] Phosphinic acids and salts of these may be prepared by a variety of methods, and have been described widely within the literature.

[0003] Organic phosphinic acids, and their salts and esters are known flame retardants. For example, EP 0 699 708 A1 describes flame-retardant polyester molding compositions, these being rendered flame-retardant by adding the calcium or aluminum salts of phosphinic or diphosphinic acids. The abovementioned salts are obtained by reacting the corresponding phosphonic acids with calcium hydroxide or aluminum hydroxide.

[0004] Due to their high phosphorus content and especially their bidentate nature, the diphosphinic acids are described as highly effective reactive flame retardants for polyesters, e.g. for textile applications. This particularly applies to ethanebis(methylphosphinic) acid, specifically in the form of its glycol ester (DE 22 36 037 A1).

[0005] The preparation of ethane(methylphosphinic) acid is technically very complicated, an example of the procedure being an Arbuzov reaction of diisopropyl methylphosphonous diesters with ethylene bromide [P. Mastalerz, Rocziniki Chem 38 (1964), pp. 61-64], followed by ester cleavage. The phosphonous diester used is prepared from methylphosphonous dichloride by reaction with alcohols.

[0006] Another way of preparing ethanediphosphonic acids is proposed in DE 23 02 523 A1 by reacting alkylphosphonous esters with ethyne (acetylene) and then cleaving the diester with HCl, with formation of alkyl chlorides. Here again, the alkylphosphonous esters used are prepared from the corresponding phosphonous dihalides by hydrolysis and reaction with alcohols.

[0007] The abovementioned reactions are very difficult to carry out, since their final step is cleavage of the corresponding esters, and this gives technical difficulties.

[0008] In addition, there are byproducts formed which, like some of the abovementioned starting materials, are toxic, or ignite spontaneously, and/or are corrosive, i.e. are highly undesirable.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0009] The object on which the invention is based is therefore to provide a process which can prepare ethanebis(methylphosphinic) acid and is particularly easy and economic to carry out and gives high yield of a single product, and in particular dispenses with the complicated cleavage of diphosphinic esters. This process should also be clearly superior to the known processes in its effect on the environment.

[0010] This object is achieved by way of a process for preparing ethanebis(methylphosphinic) acids which comprises reacting ethyne (acetylene) with methylphosphonous acid: 1

[0011] Compared with the processes known hitherto, the process of the invention has considerable advantages since it produces no halogenated organic byproducts, involves no complicated cleavage of phosphinic esters, and also has a positive balance in relation to product distribution. The process is highly effective and economic to carry out.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0012] Methylphosphonous acid is prepared in a simple and known manner by hydrolyzing methylphosphonous dichloride.

[0013] The methylphosphonous acid is preferably reacted with ethyne(acetylene) in the presence of a free-radical initiator.

[0014] The free-radical initiators used preferably comprise azo compounds.

[0015] The azo compounds are preferably cationic and/or non-cationic azo compounds.

[0016] The cationic azo compounds used preferably comprise 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride or 2,2′-azobis(N,N′-dimethyleneisobutyramidine) dihydrochloride.

[0017] The non-cationic azo compounds used preferably comprise azobis(isobutyronitrile), 4,4′-azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid), or 2,2′-azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile).

[0018] The free-radical initiators used preferably comprise peroxidic inorganic and/or peroxidic organic free-radical initiators.

[0019] The peroxidic inorganic free-radical initiators used preferably comprise hydrogen peroxide, ammonium peroxodisulfate, and/or potassium peroxodisulfate.

[0020] The peroxidic organic free-radical initiators used preferably comprise dibenzoyl peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, and/or peracetic acid.

[0021] A wide selection of suitable free-radical initiators can be found by way of example in Houben-Weyl, Supplementary volume 20, in the chapter “Polymerisation durch radikalische Initiierung” [Free-radical-initiated polymerization] on pages 15-74.

[0022] The free-radical initiators are preferably metered in continuously during the reaction.

[0023] The free-radical initiators metered in continuously during the reaction are preferably in the form of a solution in the ethyne(acetylene).

[0024] The free-radical initiators metered in continuously during the reaction are preferably in the form of a solution in the solvent used.

[0025] The reaction preferably takes place at a temperature of from 40 to 200° C.

[0026] The reaction particularly preferably takes place at a temperature of from 70 to 130° C.

[0027] The reaction preferably takes place in the presence of a solvent.

[0028] The reaction preferably takes place in acetic acid as solvent.

[0029] The reaction preferably takes place by introducing gaseous ethyne (acetylene) at atmospheric pressure.

[0030] The reaction preferably takes place at superatmospheric pressure.

[0031] The manner of conducting the process is preferably such that after partial conversion the precipitating ethanebis(methylphosphinic) acid is filtered off, and further acetylene is added after replacing the methylphosphonous acid consumed.

[0032] The present invention also provides a process in which pure methylphosphonous acid is reacted with ethyne (acetylene) in the presence of a cationic or non-cationic free-radical initiator or in the presence of a peroxidic free-radical initiator, to give ethanebis(methylphosphinic) acid.

[0033] The present invention also provides a process in which methylphosphonous acid is reacted with ethyne (acetylene) in the presence of a cationic or non-cationic free-radical initiator or in the presence of a peroxidic free-radical initiator in acetic acid, to give ethanebis(methylphosphinic) acid, and this is continuously removed from the reaction mixture by a circulating filter system, and the methylphosphonous acid consumed is likewise continuously replaced by fresh acid.

[0034] The desired ethane bis(methylphosphinic) acid is obtained with high selectivity and high purity.

[0035] Either the methylphosphonous acid or the ethyne (acetylene) may be used in excess, since the reaction partners always react in a molar ratio of 2 to 1 (methylphosphonous acid to ethyne (acetylene)).

[0036] The invention also provides the use of the ethanebis(methylphosphinic) acid prepared by the process of the invention as starting material for preparing flame retardants for polymers.

[0037] The invention further provides the use of the ethanebis(methylphosphinic) acid prepared by the process of the invention as starting material for preparing flame retardants for thermoplastic polymers, such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, or polyamide.

[0038] The invention also provides the use of the ethanebis(methylphosphinic) acid prepared by the process of the invention as starting material for preparing flame retardants for thermoset resins, such as unsaturated polyester resins, epoxy resins, polyurethanes, or acrylates.

[0039] Finally, the invention also provides the use of the ethanebis(methylphosphinic) acid prepared by the process of the invention as precursor for the chemical synthesis of other phosphorus-containing compounds.

EXAMPLES

[0040] The examples below illustrate the invention:

Example 1

Ethanebis(methylphosphinic) Acid

[0041] A solution of 93 g of methanephosphonous acid in 200 g of glacial acetic acid is heated to about 90° C. in a 1 l 5-necked flask equipped with gas inlet frit, thermometer, stirrer, reflux condenser, and initiator metering. A solution of 14 g (5 mol %) of ammonium peroxodisulfate in 30 g of water is metered in over a period of 5 h, with vigorous stirring. At the same time, about 10 l/h of ethyne (acetylene) are conducted through the solution by way of the gas inlet frit, excess acetylene being passed to a flare. The reaction temperature here is held at from about 95 to 105° C. Once the acetylene had been removed by flushing with nitrogen, the mixture was cooled, whereupon ethanebis(methylphosphinic) acid precipitates. This is filtered off, washed twice, each time with 50 ml of acetic acid, and dried at 100° C. under the vacuum provided by a water jet. This gives about 78 g of ethanebis(methyl-phosphinic) acid in the form of colorless crystals with a melting point of 197° C. (70% of theory, based on the methylphosphonous acid used). The mother liquor comprises further final product (ethanebis(methylphosphinic) acid) and may be utilized for further reactions.

[0042] Elemental analysis: P: calc. 33.3%, found 33.0%; 31P NMR spectrum (D2O): δ=55 ppm (singlet); purity (31P NMR): 99%.

Example 2

Ethanebis(methylphosphinic) Acid

[0043] A solution of 160 g of methylphosphonous acid into 200 g of glacial acetic acid is heated to about 90° C. in a 1l 5-neck flask equipped with gas inlet frit, thermometer, stirrer, reflux condenser and initiator metering. A solution of 19 g (5 mol %) of 2,2′-azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile) in 100 g of glacial acetic acid is metered in over a period of 6 h, with vigorous stirring. At the same time, about 15 l/h ethyne(acetylene) are conducted through the solution by way of the gas inlet frit, excess acetylene being passed to a flare. The reaction temperature here is held at from about 95-105° C. Once the acetylene had been removed by flushing with nitrogen, the mixture is cooled, whereupon ethanebis(methylphosphinic) acid precipitates. This is filtered off, washed twice, each time with 50 ml of acetic acid, and dried out 100° C. under the vacuum provided by a water jet. This gives about 136 g of ethanebis(methylphosphinic) acid in the form of colorless crystals with a melting point of 199° C. and purity (31P-NMR) of 99% (73% of theory, based on the amount of methylphosphonous acid used). The mother liquor comprises further final product (ethanebis(methylphosphinic) acid) and may be utilized for further reactions.

Claims

1. A process for preparing ethanebis(methylphosphinic) acid, which comprises reacting ethyne (acetylene) with methyphophonous acid.

2. The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein a free-radical initiator is present during the reaction.

3. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the free-radical initiators used comprise azo compounds.

4. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the azo compounds are cationic and/or non-cationic azo compounds.

5. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cationic azo compounds used comprise 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride or 2,2′-azobis(N,N′-dimethyleneisobutyramidine) dihydrochloride, and the non-cationic azo compounds used comprise azobis(isobutyronitrile), 4,4′-azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) and/or 2,2′-azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile).

6. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the free-radical initiators used comprise peroxidic inorganic and/or peroxidic organic free-radical initiators.

7. The process as claimed in claim 6, wherein the peroxidic inorganic free-radical initiators used comprise hydrogen peroxide, ammonium peroxodisulfate, and/or potassium peroxodisulfate, and the peroxidic organic free-radical initiators used comprise dibenzoyl peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, and/or peracetic acid.

8. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the free-radical initiators are metered in continuously during the reaction.

9. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the free-radical initiators metered in continuously during the reaction are in the form of a solution in the ethyne (acetylene).

10. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the free-radical initiators metered in continuously during the reaction are in the form of a solution in the solvent used.

11. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reaction takes place at a temperature of from 40 to 200° C., preferably from 70 to 130° C.

12. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reaction takes place in the presence of a solvent.

13. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reaction takes place by introducing gaseous ethyne (acetylene) at atmospheric pressure.

14. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reaction takes place at superatmospheric pressure.

15. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein methylphosphonous acid is reacted with ethyne (acetylene) in the presence of a cationic or non-cationic free-radical initiator or in the presence of a peroxidic free-radical initiator, to give ethanebis(methylphosphinic) acid.

16. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein methanephosphonous acid is reacted with ethyne (acetylene) in the presence of a cationic or non-cationic free-radical initiator or in the presence of a peroxidic free-radical initiator in acetic acid, to give ethanebis(methylalkylphosphinic) acid, and this is continuously removed from the reaction mixture by a circulating filter system, and the methylphosphonous acid consumed is likewise continuously replaced by fresh acid.

17. The use of the ethanebis(methylalkylphosphinic) acid prepared as claimed in claim 1 as starting material for preparing flame retardants for polymers.

18. The use as claimed in claim 17, wherein the polymers are thermoplastic polymers, such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, or polyamide.

19. The use as claimed in claim 17, wherein the polymers are thermoset resins, such as unsaturated polyester resins, epoxy resins, polyurethanes, or acrylates.

20. The use of the ethanebis(methylalkylphosphinic) acid prepared as claimed in claim 1 as a precursor for the chemical synthesis of other phosphorus-containing compounds.