Patent Application
20110038970
The present invention relates to a process for preparing a stabilized oil or butter and to cosmetic and pharmaceutical compositions containing the sapucainha oil or butter thus obtained.
The sapucainha oil whose INCI registration as “name: Carpotroche brasiliensis (sapucainha) butter seed” is still pending, has similarities in its fatty composition with the oil described in the literature called chaulmoogra oil. The chaulmoogra oil has been known and used for centuries with therapeutic purposes and several documents in the literature describe its specific application for treating leprosy, its anti-inflammatory activity and its use in cosmetic compositions.
The chaulmoogra oil may be extracted, among other species, from plants of species popularly known in Brazil by the names sapucainha, papo-de-anjo, pau-de-cachimbo, pau-de-lepra, and others. The oil is normally extracted from the sapucainha seeds and its topical cosmetic use has been studied for application in several skin affections. Its therapeutic application is also known, and the chaulmoogra oil, because of its differentiated fatty composition, was largely used against leprosy. There are also reports of its anti-inflammatory activity.
Document U.S. Pat. No. 5,514,712 discloses the use of chaulmoogra oils in cosmetic and pharmaceutical compositions for harmonizing the pigmentation of the skin. The oils may be in the form of salt or ester. One of the major sources of this oil is the Carpotroche brasiliensis (sapucainha) plant.
Document FR 2 876 908 discloses the use of the chaulmoogra oil and/or components thereof in cosmetic and/or pharmaceutical compositions for treating or preventing the excess of fat and cellulitis. One of the major sources of this oil is the Carpotroche brasiliensis (sapucainha) plant.
Document FR 2 876 909, in turn, discloses a cosmetic and/or pharmaceutical composition to prevent or treat the excess of cellulitis and fat comprising the combination of one or more xanthinic bases and chaulmoogra oil and/or its components.
Another prior-art document disclosing the use of chaulmoogra oil in cosmetology is document FR 2 518 402, which mentions preferable applications in skin treatments such as acne, and hair care and makeup compositions. One of the major sources of this oil is the Carpotroche brasiliensis (sapucainha) plant.
Document GB 369 062 discloses compositions of anti-leprotic medicaments. In accordance with this document, the fatty acids, specially the chaulmoogric and hydnocarpic acids, obtained by saponification of the oils of flacourtiaceous seeds are purified by crystallization from alcohol and esterified with aliphatic, hydroaromatic or aromaticaliphatic alcohols to form the corresponding esters. Reduction of these esters gives the corresponding mixed alcohols, which may then be treated with acylating agents to produce their acyl esters. Plants of the Flacourtiaceae family mentioned are Taraktogenos kurzii, Hydnocarpus wightiana, Hydnocarpus anthelmintica, Carpotroche brasiliensis and Caloncoba echinata. The products are therapeutically useful.
Document U.S. Pat. No. 5,683,683 discloses a body wash composition comprising an anionic cleansing surfactant, such as an alkyl ether sulfate or an alkyl sulfate, a polymeric cationic conditioning compound, and a quaternized phosphate ester. This composition may also contain an oil, such as the chaulmoogra oil.
Document U.S. Pat. No. 5,342,965 discloses a process for producing branched fatty substances with the addition of maleic anhydride onto unsaturated fatty acids or lower alkyl esters thereof. The use of the chaulmoogric acid as raw material is foreseen.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,152,416 discloses aerosol antiperspirant compositions, capable of dispensing astringent salt with low mistiness and dustiness. The addition of cycloaliphatic acids as chaulmoogra oil fatty acids is provided.
The 2005 scientific paper “Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of an acid fraction of the seeds of Carpotroche brasiliensis (Raddi)” by Lima,-J-A; Oliveira,-A-S; de-Miranda,-A-L-P; Rezende,-C-M; Pinto,-A-C discloses the intrinsic activities of sapucainha, describing, in particular, its anti-inflammatory activity.
However, all the cosmetic and/or pharmaceutical compositions and uses described and provided for sapucainha oils also comprise the addition of silicones and fatty esters. On the other hand, there is a growing interest of the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry in obtaining products free from chemically-produced silicones and fatty esters, which cause environmental impact.
The present invention relates to a process for preparing a sapucainha oil or butter comprising the steps of:
a) providing seeds from sapucainha plant species;
b) drying and pressing said seeds for extracting the oil;
b) filtering the oil obtained in step (b);
d) treating the filtrate resulting from step (c) with an organic acid and a acid-activated clay;
e) keeping the product obtained in (d) under vacuum for a suitable time period enabling the adsorption of the undesirable compounds.
f) filtering the material resulting from step (e) and submitting the filtrate to vapor distillation;
g) adding to the distillate a sequestering agent and a antioxidant agent for obtaining the final sapucainha oil or butter product.
The present invention further relates to a cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition comprising sapucainha oil or butter, cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or esters thereof, and which is free from silicone and other fatty esters.
The present invention further relates to a cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition comprising sapucainha oil or butter, cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or esters thereof, which is free from silicone and other fatty esters.
The present invention relates to a process for preparing the sapucainha oil or butter. The only difference between the oil and the butter lies in the temperature in which the oil is submitted (PF approx. 32° C.). Because of the fatty composition, oils are liquid at ambient temperature and butters are solid. In the case of sapucainha, for example, because of its fatty composition, the most correct term to define the material used is sapucainha “butter”. However, chaulmoogra oils and butters may be used to achieve the objects of the present invention.
As examples of plant species (sapucainha) which may be used as a source of oils and butters useful in the present invention, the following may be cited:
Taraktogenos kurzii
Hydnocarpus wightiana
Hydnocarpus heterophylla
Hydnocarpus anthelmintica
Hydnocarpus alpina
Hydnocarpus caulifora
Hydnocarpus dawnensis
Hydnocarpus hutchinsonni
Hydnocarpus ovoidea
Hydnocarpus subfalcata
Hydnocarpus venenata
Hydnocarpus verrucosa
Hydnocarpus woodii
Oconba echinata, whose butter is called “Gorli butter”
Caloncoba welwitschii
Carpotroche amazonensis
Carpotroche bahiensis
Carpotroche brasiliensis
Carpotroche brasiliensis var. bahiensis
Carpotroche brasiliensis var. longifolia
Asteriastigma macrocarpa
Mayna brasiliensis
Mayna odorata
Lindakeria dentata
Caloncoba glauca
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the sapucainha oil or butter is obtained from the Carpotroche brasiliensis/carpotroche amazonensis species.
The sapucainha butter is obtained by an extraction and stabilization method that enables the resulting oil or butter to be advantageously used in cosmetic or pharmaceutical compositions instead of silicones and fatty esters.
The process for preparing the sapucainha oil or butter according to the present invention comprises the steps of:
a) providing seeds from the sapucainha plant species;
b) drying and pressing said seeds for extracting the oil;
c) filtering the oil obtained in step (b);
d) treating the filtrate resulting from step (c) with an organic acid and a acid-activated clay;
e) keeping the product obtained in (d) under vacuum for a suitable period of time, until the material becomes clear, enabling the adsorption of the undesirable compounds;
f) filtering the material resulting from step (e) and submitting the filtrate to vapor distillation;
g) adding to the distillate a sequestering agent and a antioxidant agent for obtaining the final sapucainha oil or butter product.
The process of extracting the sapucainha oil or butter useful for the present invention comprises, in the first place, a selection of fruits using those with a suitable ripening grade. The skin and pulp of fruits are removed manually or by means of a depulper, and the seeds are dried so that the extraction process proper may start. Drying may be performed in open air or in a greenhouse with forced air circulation.
In order to extract the butter, a mechanical press is preferably used. The seeds are added and pressed by physical pressing. After that, the butter obtained is filtered for the removal of impurities/residues through a press filter. The yield of extraction after filtration is generally around 25-30%. The main parameters to be controlled during the process are: moisture, acidity value, peroxide value, unsaponifiable matter, saponification value and iodine value.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the process for obtaining the sapucainha butter comprises the following steps:
selecting the fruits pursuant to their ripening stage, separating those with a suitable ripening grade;
separating seeds from the pulp and the skin of the fruit;
drying the seeds;
physical pressing of the seeds;
filtering the butter with the addition of a filtering agent (silicon oxide, aluminium oxide, ferric oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, among others);
treating the butter with an organic acid (citric acid, phosphoric acid, oxalic acid, among others) and acid-activated clay during a certain period of time (15-60 min) under rigorous stirring;
clarifying the butter for a certain period of time (15-60 min) under vacuum at a certain temperature (0-100° C.);
filtering under vacuum;
vapor distilling the undesirable compounds at a certain temperature (160°-240° C.) during a certain period of time (1-2 h) under vacuum;
adding a certain amount of sequestering agent and a certain amount of antioxidant (0.1-1% sequestering; citric acid, phosphoric acid, oxalic acid, among others, and 0.01-0.1% antioxidant: Butylhydroxyanisole (BHA), ter-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), among others)
The process described above enables the extraction and also the stabilization of the oil or butter obtained and aims at removing specially metal ions such as iron (substances found in high frequency and in high amounts in oleaginous seeds of the Amazon and Rainforest biomes) and other compounds and/or undesirable characteristics (odor, free fatty acids, phospholipids, oxidation compounds such as peroxides, aldehydes, etc) which cause butter degradation and specially degradation of the final compositions to which it is applied. It should be noted that the odor of the raw non-stabilized butter cannot be masked by other fragrances making is application virtually unfeasible in cosmetic formulations. In addition, high amounts of metals cause accelerated oxidation of the butter and the cosmetic formulas to which it was added, causing an unpleasant odor, darkening as well as the production of free radicals, which are mainly related to skin ageing. Some characteristics differentiating a raw sapucainha butter and the stabilized butter obtained according to the present invention are shown in Table 1:
The sapucainha butter obtained according to the process described above, further to being improved for use in cosmetic and pharmaceutical compositions, goes through a process containing purely physical steps, which may be considered “green technology”, that is to say, the process of the invention is contributing to environmental protection and does not generate byproducts or residues in the sapucainha butter, as do chemical processes, such as, for example, extraction by solvents, neutralization with strong bases, etc. This aspect is extremely relevant, because currently there is a growing interest in vegetable raw materials obtained exclusively by physical processes which may replace cosmetic raw materials such as silicones that are manufactured from nonrenewable resources and by chemical processes.
The present invention also relates to cosmetic and pharmaceutical compositions containing sapucainha oil obtained with a process such as defined above, and cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or esters thereof.
The sapucainha oil or butter, is preferably present in the cosmetic or pharmaceutical compositions in a range of from 1 to 10%, by weight, more preferably from 3 to 10%, by weight, even more preferably from 5 to 10%, by weight, based on the total weight of the final composition.
The cosmetic and pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may further contain other usual ingredients of this type of formulation, such as emollients, surfactants, antioxidants, cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, etc.
The present invention will be illustrated by the examples below:
Fruits were selected according to their ripening stage, and those considered to be ripe were used. The seeds were separated from the fruit's pulp, and this separation was made manually and by means of a depulper.
The seeds were dried by means of solar exposure, and the final moisture content was controlled to remain between 7 and 9% so that they can be stored without the risk of contamination and degradation. The dry seeds were pressed and the butter was filtered with the addition of a filtering agent (filtering agent rich in silicon oxide, aluminium oxide, sodium oxide and potassium oxide).
Approximately 500 g of sapucainha oil as obtained above were put in a beaker and heated at 90° C. for 5 min. 2.5 g of a citric acid solution 30% were added. The solution was stirred for 10 min.
The mixture oil+citric acid was placed in a rotoevaporator, and kept for 5 min at 90° C. and 50 mbar. 7.5 g of bleaching earth were added to the resulting material. The mixture was put again in the rotoevaporator at 90° C., 50 mbar for 30 min and then filtered in vacuum in a Buchner funnel.
After clarification, the sample was vapor distilled to remove undesirable compounds at 175° C., during a certain period of time under vacuum for 1 h.
Finally, a certain amount of a sequestering agent and a certain amount of antioxidant was added, of 2.5 g citric acid and 0.83 g BHA.
The following composition was prepared containing the sapucainha butter obtained according to the process described in Example 1 at the ratio of 1%, by weight:
The composition above was obtained by initially preparing the aqueous phase adding EDTA to the water and waiting its total solubilization. Then, Carbopol was gradually added until its total dispersion, following by the addition of trietanolamine. For the preparation of the oily phase, the sapucainha butter was heated up to its melting point. After heating the aqueous phase up to the same temperature of the sapucainha butter, the two phases were mixed and stirred for 5 minutes. The heating ceased, the other components were added and stirring continued for additional 15 minutes.
The following composition was prepared containing sapucainha butter obtained according to the process described in Example 1 at the ratio of 3%, by weight:
The composition was prepared following the same procedure described in Example 2a.
The following composition was prepared containing the sapucainha butter obtained according to the process described in Example 1 at the ratio of 5%, by weight:
The composition was prepared following the same procedure described in Example 2a.
The following composition was prepared containing the sapucainha butter obtained according to the process described in Example 1 at the ratio of 10%, by weight:
Comparative tests were carried out for several of the features of the present invention with regard to prior-art compositions containing silicones and fatty esters such as indicated below.
The compositions of the invention described in examples 2a to 2d above were compared with the following compositions:
Wash out formula with 5% Cyclomethicone D5 and dimethiconol (D5 5%)
Wash out Formula with 5% Dicaprylyl carbonate (Dicapri 5%)
Wash out formula with 5% cyclomethicone and dimethicone crosspolymer (Crossp 5%)
Wash out formula corn 5% cetyl lactate (Lact 5%)
Wash out formula placebo (Place)
The following characteristics were assessed:
The compositions above were applied onto volunteers under the same conditions, and the results are presented in Table 2:
The results show that the compositions of the present invention using the sapucainha butter instead of silicones and fatty esters do not lose the desired features for a topical composition. It was possible to confirm that the sapucainha butter has attributes such as absorption point, spreadability, slipperiness, residual oiliness and immediate oiliness which are similar to those of fatty esters, such as cetyl lactate and dicaprylyl carbonate, and silicones, such as cyclomethicone and dimethicone crosspolymer and cyclomethicone D5 and dimethiconol, when applied at a certain concentration in emulsion.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 07 04621 | Jun 2007 | FR | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/BR08/00166 | 6/10/2008 | WO | 00 | 9/28/2010 |
