Claims
- 1. A process for the preparation of a fluorene compound represented by the formula (II) ##STR5## which comprises: reacting a lactone compound represented by the formula (I) ##STR6## together with a mixture of an aluminum halide, a carbonyl compound selected from the group consisting of urea, N-methylpyrrolidone, formamide, dimethylformamide, sodium formate, sodium acetate an mixtures thereof, and a compound having at least one hydroxyl group, selected from the group consisting of water, inorganic salt hydrates, metal hydroxides and mixtures thereof,
- wherein, in formulas (I) and (II), R.sub.1 R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkylamino, dialkylamino, pyrrolidino and piperidino,
- with the provision that R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are not hydrogen simultaneously,
- X and Y are independently carbon or nitrogen.
- 2. The process according to claim 1, wherein the anhydrous aluminum halide is anhydrous aluminum chloride or anhydrous aluminum bromide.
- 3. The process according to claim 1, wherein the carbonyl compound is urea.
- 4. The process according to claim 1, wherein water is used in amount of 1/150 to 1/2 mole per mole of the anhydrous aluminum halide.
- 5. The process according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic salt hydrate is used in amount of 1/150 to 1/2 mole in terms of moles of water of hydrate per mole of the anhydrous aluminum halide.
- 6. The process according to claim 5, wherein the metal hydroxide is used in amount of 1/150 to 1 mole in terms of moles of hydroxyl group of the metal hydroxide per mole of the anhydrous aluminum halide.
- 7. The process according to claim 1, wherein the anhydrous aluminum halide is used in amount of at least 10 moles per mole of the lactone compound.
- 8. The process according to claim 1, wherein the reaction is conducted at 70.degree. to 200.degree. C.
- 9. The process according to claim 8, wherein the reaction is conducted at 90.degree. to 150.degree. C.
- 10. The process according to claim 1, wherein the fluorene compound of formula (II) is 3,6-bis(dimethylamino)fluorenespiro(9,3')-6'-dimethylaminophthalide.
- 11. The process according to claim 1, wherein the fluorene compound of formula (II) is 3-dimethylamino-6-diethylaminofluorenespiro(9,3')-6'-dimethylaminophthalide.
- 12. The process according to claim 1, wherein the fluorene compound of formula (II) is 3,6-bis(diethylamino)fluorenespiro(9,3')-6'-diethylaminophthalide.
- 13. The process according to claim 1, wherein the fluorene compound of formula (II) is 3-dimethylamino-6-dibutylaminofluorenespiro(9,3')-6'-dimethylaminophthalide.
- 14. The process according to claim 1, wherein the fluorene compound of formula (II) is 3-dimethylamino-6-pyrrolidinofluorenespiro(9,3')-6'-dimethylaminophthalide.
- 15. The process according to claim 1, wherein the fluorene compound of formula (II) is 3-dimethylamino-6-piperidinofluorenespiro(9,3')-6'-dimethylaminophthalide.
- 16. The process according to claim 1, wherein the fluorene compound of formula (II) is 3,6-bis(dibutylamino)fluorenespiro(9,3')-6'-dimethylaminophthalide.
- 17. The process according to claim 1, wherein the fluorene compound of formula (II) is 3-dibutylamino-6-dimethylaminofluorenespiro(9,3')-6'-dibutylaminophthalide.
- 18. The process according to claim 1, wherein the fluorene compound of formula (II) is 3,6-bis(dibutylamino)fluorenespiro(9,3')-6'-dibutylaminophthalide.
- 19. The process according to claim 10, wherein the lactone compound of formula (I) is 3,3-bis(p-dimethylaminophenyl)-6-dimethylaminophthalide.
- 20. The process according to claim 11, wherein the lactone compound of formula (I) is 3-p-dimethylaminophenyl-3-p-diethylaminophenyl-6-dimethylaminophthalide.
- 21. The process according to claim 12, wherein the lactone compound of formula (I) is 3,3-bis(p-diethylaminophenyl)-6-diethylaminophthalide.
- 22. The process according to claim 13, wherein the lactone compound of formula (I) is 3-p-dimethylaminophenyl-3-p-dibutylaminophenyl-6-dimethylaminophthalide.
- 23. The process according to claim 14, wherein the lactone compound of formula (I) is 3-p-dimethylaminophenyl-3-p-pyrrolidinophenyl-6-dimethylaminophthalide.
- 24. The process according to claim 15, wherein the lactone compound of formula (I) is 3-p-dimethylaminophenyl-3-p-piperidinophenyl-6-dimethylaminophthalide.
- 25. The process according to claim 16, wherein the lactone compound of formula (I) is 3,3-bis(p-dibutylaminophenyl)-6-dimethylaminophthalide.
- 26. The process according to claim 17, wherein the lactone compound of formula (I) is 3-p-dibutylaminophenyl-3-p-dimethylaminophenyl-6-dibutylaminophthalide.
- 27. The process according to claim 18, wherein the lactone compound of formula (I) is 3,3-bis(p-dibutylaminophenyl)-6-dibutylaminophthalide.
Priority Claims (1)
Number |
Date |
Country |
Kind |
62-13654 |
Jan 1987 |
JPX |
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Parent Case Info
This application is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 07/084,590 filed Aug. 11, 1987, now abandoned.
US Referenced Citations (1)
Number |
Name |
Date |
Kind |
4658276 |
Kanda et al. |
Apr 1987 |
|
Foreign Referenced Citations (7)
Number |
Date |
Country |
61-022076 |
Jul 1984 |
JPX |
60-136553 |
Jun 1985 |
JPX |
60-176318 |
Aug 1985 |
JPX |
60-189218 |
Aug 1985 |
JPX |
60-190439 |
Aug 1985 |
JPX |
60-245734 |
Oct 1985 |
JPX |
61-124563 |
May 1986 |
JPX |
Continuation in Parts (1)
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Number |
Date |
Country |
Parent |
84590 |
Aug 1987 |
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