Process for producing methyl chloride and sulfur dioxide

Abstract

Produce methyl chloride and sulfur dioxide using a reactor with lanthanum oxychloride, and contacting the lanthanum oxychloride with methanesulfonyl chloride under conditions sufficient to convert a portion of the methanesulfonyl chloride to methyl chloride and sulfur dioxide.

Description

This disclosure relates to a process for producing methyl chloride and sulfur dioxide from methanesulfonyl chloride.

Methyl chloride is used in production of higher hydrocarbons, methyl cellulose, quaternary ammonium salts and herbicides, and as an intermediate in production of silicone materials. Some current production processes of methyl chloride involve either methanol or methane. Additionally, methane can be employed to produce methanesulfonyl chloride as described in provisional application filing number U.S. 61-229863.

This disclosure provides a process for producing methyl chloride (CH₃Cl) and sulfur dioxide (SO₂), which comprises providing a reactor with lanthanum oxychloride (LaOCl), and contacting the lanthanum oxychloride with methanesulfonyl chloride (CH₃SO₂Cl) under conditions sufficient to convert a portion of the methanesulfonyl chloride to methyl chloride and sulfur dioxide.

Advantageously, selectivity for methyl chloride and/or sulfur dioxide production of the disclosed process exceeds the selectivity of processes using other catalysts at comparable temperatures.

The process conditions include a weight hourly space volume (WHSV) wherein a weight of the methanesulfonyl chloride fed to the reactor per a unit weight of the lanthanum oxychloride per hour is within a range of from 0.01 hours to 100 hours⁻¹. A preferred WHSV is within a range of from 0.2 hours⁻¹ to 1.0 hours⁻¹. The process conditions include a reaction temperature within a range of from 25 degrees C. (° C.) to 400° C. A preferred reaction temperature is within a range of from 250° C. to 325° C.

The process can include pretreating the lanthanum oxychloride by heating to a temperature within a range of from 250° C. to 400° C. The heating can occur in the presence of an inert gas, for example, nitrogen. The pretreating can include a promoter selected from a group consisting of chlorine (Cl₂), hydrogen chloride (HCl), and combinations thereof.

Lanthanum oxychloride can be converted in-situ to lanthanum trichloride via a high temperature exposure to chlorine and/or hydrogen chloride. Lanthanum trichloride is less active than lanthanum oxychloride. Thus, pretreatment including the promoter is limited such that a mixture of lanthanum oxychloride and lanthanum trichloride is formed, wherein the mixture has a chlorine atom to lanthanum atom ratio that is not greater than 1.5:1.0.

The process can include contacting the lanthanum oxychloride with a co-feed selected from the group consisting of chlorine, hydrogen chloride, oxygen (O₂), and combinations thereof. The methanesulfonyl chloride to co-feed molar ratio is within a range of from 1 to 100. For one or more embodiments, the co-feed is not consumed in the disclosed process.

The lanthanum oxychloride is obtainable by reacting at 22° C. lanthanum(III) chloride heptahydrate (LaCl₃·7H₂O>99.9%, available from Sigma-Aldrich®) with an aqueous solution of ammonium hydroxide (NH₄OH, ACS reagent, 28.0%-30.0% NH₃ basis, available from Sigma-Aldrich®) under an argon (Ar≧99.9%, available from BOC Gases) atmosphere to provide a precipitate that is washed with water, dried, and calcined under synthetic air at 550° C. for 8 hours (hr).

The process occurs in a continuous flow reactor. Examples of the continuous flow reactor include, but are not limited to, a plug-flow reactor and a fluidized bed reactor.

EXAMPLE

(Ex) 1

Use a Hastelloy™ B reactor (25 centimeter (cm); 1.09 cm inner diameter; 1.27 cm outer diameter) to produce methyl chloride and sulfur dioxide from methanesulfonyl chloride. Load catalyst into the reactor between two 8 gram portions of quartz chips, provide nitrogen flow in a range of from 100 standard cubic centimeters per minute (sccm) to 200 sccm, pretreat the catalyst, feed methanesulfonyl chloride to the reactor (WHSV), and maintain the reactor contents at a temperature of 275° C., as shown in Table 1. Place a cylinder maintained at a temperature of 25° C. below the reaction zone of the reactor to collect non-volatile products. Feed volatile products to an online gas chromatograph. Use gas chromatography calibrations and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis to determine conversion and selectivity, as shown in Table 1, from the volatile and non-volatile products. Methanesulfonyl chloride conversion is calculated by two methods. First, the mass of methanesulfonyl chloride contained in the non-volatile products is compared to the mass of methanesulfonyl chloride fed to the reactor. Second, the moles of sulfur contained in the volatile products is compared to the moles of methanesulfonyl chloride fed to the reactor. The values for methanesulfonyl chloride conversion obtained by these methods are within 5% error. Methyl chloride selectivity is calculated as the moles of methyl chloride produced divided by the total moles of carbon contained in the products. Sulfur dioxide selectivity is calculated as the moles of sulfur dioxide produced divided by the total moles of sulfur contained in the products.

Ex 2-6 and Comparative Examples (CEx) A-G

Replicate Ex 1 with changes in catalyst, pretreatment, WHSV, co-feed, and/or temperature as shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1
Ex
(1-6)/					Molar ratio	Reaction	Methanesulfonyl	Methyl
CEx			WHSV	Co-	(Methanesulfonyl	Temperature	chloride	chloride	Sulfur dioxide
(A-G)	Catalyst	Pretreatment	(hours−1)	feed	chloride to Co-feed)	(° C.)	conversion (%)	selectivity (%)	Selectivity (%)
1	LaOCl	Heating	0.27	—	—	275	10	99	99
		(250° C., 8 hr)
2	LaOCl	Promoter/Heating	0.33	—	—	250	99	99	99
		(Cl2 (3 mol %)/
		400° C., 8 hr)
3	LaOCl	Promoter/Heating	0.24	—	—	325	10	99	99
		(HCl (3 mol %)/
		400° C., 8 hr)
4	LaOCl	Heating	0.39	Cl2	2.8	275	99	99	99
		(250° C., 8 hr)
5	LaOCl	Heating	0.25	HCl	1.0	275	10	99	99
		(250° C., 8 hr)
6	LaOCl	Heating	0.30	O2	4.7	325	30	99	99
		(250° C., 8 hr)
A	—	Heating	—	—	—	375	40	30	99
	(quartz	(250° C., 8 hr)
	chips only)
B	{acute over (α)}-Al2O3	Heating	0.24	—	—	275	4	35	82
		(250° C., 8 hr)
C	Cu/Al2O3	Heating	0.30	—	—	250	90	41	99
		(250° C., 8 hr)
D	Nb2O5/SiO2	Heating	0.24	—	—	300	80	13	99
		(250° C., 8 hr)
E	SO4/ZrO2	Heating	0.24	—	—	300	45	66	99
		(250° C., 8 hr)
F	LaCl3	Heating	0.07	—	—	275	3	99	99
		(400° C., 12 hr)
G	LaCl3	Heating	0.07	Cl2	1.0	275	3	99	99
		(250° C., 8 hr)

The data summarized in Table 1 show that contacting methanesulfonyl chloride with the catalyst lanthanum oxychloride produces methyl chloride and sulfur dioxide. Additionally, selectively for methyl chloride and/or sulfur dioxide production is greater in Exs 1-6 than in CExs A-E. CExs F-G show comparable methyl chloride and sulfur dioxide selectivities to Exs 1-6, but this occurs with a three-fold reduction in methanesulfonyl chloride conversion, compared to Ex 1, even as CExs F-G have a four-fold decrease in WHSV. Additionally, Ex 2 and Ex 4 show that the Cl₂ co-feed increases methanesulfonyl chloride conversion as compared to Exs 1, 3, 5-6 and CExs A-G.

Claims

1. A process for producing methyl chloride and sulfur dioxide, which process comprises providing a reactor with lanthanum oxychloride, and contacting the lanthanum oxychloride with methanesulfonyl chloride under conditions sufficient to convert a portion of the methanesulfonyl chloride to methyl chloride and sulfur dioxide.

2. The process of claim 1, wherein a weight of the methanesulfonyl chloride fed to the reactor per a unit weight of the lanthanum oxychloride per hour is within a range of from 0.01 hours−1 to 100 hours−1.

3. The process of claim 1, wherein a weight of the methanesulfonyl chloride fed to the reactor per a unit weight of the lanthanum oxychloride per hour is within a range of from 0.2 hours−1 to 1.0 hours−1.

4. The process of claim 1, wherein the conditions include a reaction temperature within a range of from 25 degrees Celsius to 400 degrees Celsius.

5. The process of claim 1, wherein the conditions include a reaction temperature within a range of from 250 degrees Celsius to 325 degrees Celsius.

6. The process of claim 1, further comprising contacting the lanthanum oxychloride with a co-feed selected from the group of chlorine, hydrogen chloride, oxygen, or a combination thereof, wherein a molar ratio of methanesulfonyl chloride to the co-feed is within a range of from 1 to 100.

7. The process of claim 6, wherein the co-feed is chlorine.

8. The process of claim 1, further comprising pretreating the lanthanum oxychloride by heating the lanthanum oxychloride to a temperature within a range of from 250 degrees Celsius to 400 degrees Celsius.

9. The process of claim 8, wherein the heating of the lanthanum oxychloride occurs in the presence of a promoter selected from the group of chlorine, hydrogen chloride, or a combination thereof to form a mixture of lanthanum oxychloride and lanthanum trichloride, wherein the mixture has a chlorine atom to lanthanum atom ratio that is not greater than 1.5:1.0.

10. The process of claim 1, wherein the reactor is a continuous flow reactor.