Patent Grant
7666332
The present invention relates to a process for producing an optical glass element such as a glass lens made of a TeO2-containing glass.
Recording and reading on optical recording media such as CD, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD and MO are carried out by making a laser beam a parallel ray by a collimating lens and focusing the ray by an object lens. The collimating lens and the object lens are produced usually by heating a glass or resin preform to a softening point, followed by precision press-molding.
As a glass lens prepared by the above process, one made of a TeO2-containing glass having a high refractive index has been proposed (see Patent Document 1).
Patent Document 1: JP-A-2004-35335
In a case where a lens or the like is produced by subjecting a TeO2-containing glass to press-molding, usually press-molding is carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere so as to prevent oxidation of a mold to be used for molding.
However, press-molding of a TeO2-containing glass in a nitrogen atmosphere has had a problem of a decrease in transmittance at a wavelength in the vicinity of 400 nm, due to a change of the color of the glass from yellow to brown.
The TeO2-containing glass as disclosed in Patent Document 1 has an additional element of Group IV or V of the Periodic Table, such as Sb, Nb, Ta or Bi, which is used with the intention of solving the above problems.
In recent years, further improvement in the transmittance has been required. In order to meet such a requirement, it is an object of the present invention to provide a novel process for producing an optical glass element.
The present inventors have conceived the coloration mechanism when a TeO2-containing glass is subjected to precision press-molding in a nitrogen atmosphere by using a mold made of tungsten carbide (WC) covered with carbon as follows, and accomplished the present invention. Namely, they have conceived that when glass is subjected to press-molding in a nitrogen atmosphere at a temperature higher than the glass transition point (Tg), nitrogen in the atmosphere will be included in the glass and firmly bonded to Te under the influence of carbon and will cause coloration, on the basis of which they have conducted research. As a result, they have achieved the invention with the following subject matters, which achieves the above object.
It is possible to increase the transmittance of an optical element such as a lens produced by precision press-molding of a TeO2-containing glass by using a mold made of WC covered with carbon.
The optical glass element in the present invention is typically a lens.
The press-molding to produce a lens is commonly precision press-molding. The precision press-molding is carried out by heating and softening in a mold a preform obtained by processing glass, preferably at a temperature within a range of at least a temperature lower by 50° C. than the glass transition point (Tg) of the TeO2-containing glass and at most the softening point (Ts) of the glass, particularly preferably at a temperature within a range of at least the glass transition point and at most a temperature lower by 20° C. than the softening point of the glass. The preform may be prepared by directly molding glass in a molten state.
The face of a mold to be used for a press-molding which will be in contact with the glass is usually made of carbon. For a mold to be used for the precision press-molding, WC, SiC or the like covered with carbon, is usually used for at least the face of the mold.
In the present invention, the nitrogen partial pressure in an atmosphere in which the press-molding is carried out is at most 102 Pa. If the nitrogen partial pressure exceeds 102 Pa, a decrease in the transmittance such as a transmittance (T405) to a light having a wavelength of 405 nm, can not be suppressed. The nitrogen partial pressure is preferably at most 50 Pa, typically at most 10 Pa, and particularly preferably at most 5 Pa. The nitrogen partial pressure is preferably as low as possible, but nitrogen at a level (0.1 Pa) of inevitable inclusion due to the structure of the apparatus may be present.
The atmosphere in which the press-molding is carried out may be any atmosphere of e.g. an inert gas such as He, Ar or Ne, O2 or H2, so long as the nitrogen partial pressure is within the above range, but the atmosphere is preferably O2 or an inert gas. A means to bring the nitrogen partial pressure in the atmosphere in which the press-molding is carried out within the above range is not particularly limited. For example, the above nitrogen partial pressure can easily be achieved by bringing the pressure in the atmosphere in which the press-molding is carried out be at most 102 Pa by gauge pressure, preferably at most 50 Pa by means of a vacuum pump.
The TeO2-containing glass is preferably one which is melted at a temperature of 980° C. or lower, otherwise it will be difficult to melt the glass by using a gold crucible (melting point: 1,063° C.), and the glass must be melt by using a platinum or platinum alloy crucible. As a result, platinum may be dissolved in the glass, thus decreasing T405.
The TeO2-containing glass before the press-molding preferably has T405 as calculated in a thickness of 1 mm of at least 90%. If it is less than 90%, use of the resulting lens as the above-described lens will be difficult. It is more preferably at least 92%, particularly preferably at least 94%.
The refractive index (n405) of the TeO2-containing glass to a light having a wavelength of 405 nm is preferably at least 1.92. If it is less than 1.92, it will be difficult to obtain an object lens having a thickness (typical thickness of from 1.5 to 3.5 mm) applicable to recording on an optical recording medium and having a desired numerical aperture (typically from 0.65 to 0.85). n405 is more preferably at least 1.94, particularly preferably at least 1.97, most preferably at least 1.99. n405 is typically at most 2.1.
The content of TeO2 in the TeO2-containing glass is not limited but is typically at least 10%, and in a case where it is desired that n405 is high, it is usually at least 30%. In this specification, the content of each component in the glass is represented by percentage by mol.
In a case where it is desired that T405 and n405 are high, the TeO2-containing glass is preferably one consisting essentially of, as represented by mol % based on oxides, from 35 to 54% of TeO2, from 0 to 10% of GeO2, from 5 to 30% of B2O3, from 0 to 15% of Ga2O3, from 0 to 8% of Bi2O3, from 3 to 20% of ZnO, from 0 to 10% of MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO, from 1 to 10% of Y2O3+La2O3+Gd2O3, from 0 to 5% of Ta2O5+Nb2O5, from 0 to 1.8% of TiO2, and from 0 to 6% of Li2O+Na2O+K2O+Rb2O+Cs2O. The preferred glass may contain other components. In such a case, the total content of the additional components is preferably at most 10%. For example, “from 0 to 10% of GeO2” means that GeO2 is not essential but may be incorporated up to 10%.
The molded glass obtained by press-molding the TeO2-containing glass in an atmosphere in which the nitrogen partial pressure is at most 102 Pa is held in an oxygen-containing atmosphere at a temperature within a range of at least a temperature lower by 50° C. than the glass transition point of the TeO2-containing glass and at most the softening point of the glass, whereby the transmittance of the molded glass can be made high in some cases. In such a case, the oxygen partial pressure in the oxygen-containing atmosphere is typically preferably at least 3×104 Pa, particularly preferably from 5×104 to 5×105 Pa. Further, the TeO2-containing glass typically contains at least one component selected from the group consisting of Ga2O3, Bi2O3, Ta2O5 and TiO2.
Materials were blended to achieve the composition shown by mol % in the lines for TeO2 to TiO2 in Table 1 to prepare 450 g of a material preparation, which was put into a crucible made of gold and having a capacity of 300 cc and melted for 2.5 hours at 950° C. At that time, the molten glass was homogenized by stirring for 1 hour by means of a stirrer made of gold. The homogenized molten glass was cast in a carbon mold and formed into a plate shape, followed by annealing by holding the glass at a temperature of (Tg-5° C.) for 4 hours and then cooling it at a rate of 1° C. per minute.
As the materials, tellurium dioxide having a purity of at least 99.999% manufactured by Shinko Chemical Co., Ltd., boron oxide and titanium oxide each being a special grade chemical manufactured by KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC., lanthanum oxide, yttrium oxide and gadolinium oxide each having a purity of 99.9% manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., special grade gallium oxide manufactured by Rare Metallic Co., Ltd., zinc oxide having a purity of at least 99.999%, germanium oxide having a purity of at least 99.995%, bismuth oxide having a purity of at least 99.99% and tantalum oxide having a purity of at least 99.9%, each manufactured by Kojundo Chemical Laboratory Co., Ltd., etc., were used.
With respect to obtained glass A to D, Tg, the yield point Ta and the softening point Ts (each unit: ° C.), the internal transmittance TI (unit: %) to a light having a wavelength of 405 nm as calculated in a thickness of 1 mm, n405, the refractive index nd to d line and the Abbe number νd were measured. Their measurement methods are described below.
Tg, Ta: Measured with respect to a sample processed into a columnar shape having a diameter of 5 mm and a length of 20 mm by means of a thermal mechanical analyzer (DILATOMETER 5000 manufactured by MacScience) at a temperature rising rate of 5° C./min.
Ts: Measured with respect to a sample processed into a columnar shape having a diameter of 10 mm and a length of 10 mm by means of a viscometer (WRVM-313 manufactured by OPT Corporation).
TI: With respect to two sample plates having a size of 2 cm×2 cm and thicknesses of 1 mm and 5 mm, both sides of which are mirror-polished, the transmittance to a light having a wavelength of 405 nm is measured by means of a spectrophotometer (U-3500 manufactured by Hitachi Ltd.). TI (unit: %) is calculated from the following formula, where T1 mm and T5 mm are transmittances of sample plates having thicknesses of 1 mm and 5 mm, respectively, obtained by the measurement:
TI=100×exp[(⅔)×loge(T5 mm/T1 mm)]
n405, nd and νd: The glass was processed into a triangular shaped prism having one side of 30 mm and a thickness of 10 mm, which was measured by a precision spectrometer (GMR-1 manufactured by Kalnew Optical Company).
A glass plate made of the glass identified in the line for glass in Table 2 was processed into a thickness of 5 mm and a size of 10 mm×15 mm, its surface was mirror-polished with a cerium oxide powder slurry to prepare a sample for pressing, which was subjected to press-molding in a pressing atmosphere at a pressing temperature (unit: ° C.) as identified in Table 2 and further subjected to oxygen heat treatment. The thickness of the sample (pressed product) after the press-molding is shown in the line for the pressed product thickness (unit: mm) in Table 2. Examples 1 to 4 are Examples of the present invention and Example 5 is a Comparative Example.
The press-molding was carried out as follows. Namely, the sample for pressing was sandwiched between two mirror-polished glassy carbon plates having a thickness of 10 mm and a size of 30 mm×30 mm, and the sandwich was set in a precision press-molding apparatus (GMP-207HV, manufactured by TOSHIBA MACHINE CO., LTD.). Then, the temperature was increased to the pressing temperature as identified in Table 2, and a force of 0.2×103 N was applied and maintained for 330 seconds to carry out press-molding of the sample for pressing.
“Vacuum” in the line for the pressing atmosphere means that the press-molding was carried out under a pressure in the interior of the chamber of the precision press-molding apparatus of 1.2±0.8 Pa, and “nitrogen” in the line for pressing atmosphere means that the press-molding was carried out in an atmosphere (gauge pressure of (1.0±0.1)×105 Pa) such that the interior of the chamber was filled with nitrogen gas.
TP in Table 2 is the internal transmittance of the sample after the press-molding to a light having a wavelength of 405 nm as calculated in a thickness of 1 mm, and measured as follows. Namely, the transmittance TP′ (unit: %) and the reflectivity R (unit: %) on the glass surface of the pressed product were measured, and calculation was carried out from TP=(TP′+R)(1/L), where L (mm) is the thickness of the pressed product.
Further, ΔP is (TP−TI) .
The oxygen heat treatment was carried out as follows. Namely, the pressed product was immersed in a 0.001 N nitric acid aqueous solution for 10 seconds and then subjected to ultrasonic cleaning in pure water for 5 minutes and in isopropyl alcohol for 5 minutes. The pressed product thus cleaned was put in a furnace having a cylindrical chamber made of alumina and subjected to heat treatment of increasing the temperature to 425° C. and then decreasing the temperature while the pressure in the furnace was constant within a range of (1.06±0.05)×105 Pa and the interior of the furnace was filled with oxygen gas. The heat treatment was carried out in such as manner that the temperature of the atmosphere in the furnace was increased from 50° C. to 350° C. over 40 minutes, from 350° C. to 400° C. over 30 minutes and from 400° C. to 425° C. over 30 minutes, the temperature was maintained at 425° C. for 60 minutes, and then the temperature was decreased from 425° C. to 100° C. over 180 minutes.
TO in Table 2 is the internal transmittance of the sample after the oxygen heat treatment to a light having a wavelength of 405 nm as calculated in a thickness of 1 mm and measured in the same manner as for TP. Once pressing is carried out in a state where the nitrogen partial pressure is high as in Example 5, the transmittance remains low and does not recover even if heat treatment in an oxygen atmosphere is carried out.
Further, ΔO is (TO−TP).
A lens having a high transmittance made of a TeO2-containing glass having a high transmittance can be produced.
The entire disclosure of Japanese Patent Application No. 2005-157419 filed on May 30, 2005 including specification, claims and summary is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2005-157419 | May 2005 | JP | national |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4921519 | Schinker et al. | May 1990 | A |
| 7033966 | Kobayashi et al. | Apr 2006 | B2 |
| 20030124458 | Ichijo et al. | Jul 2003 | A1 |
| 20030209035 | Fujiwara et al. | Nov 2003 | A1 |
| 20040235634 | Kobayashi et al. | Nov 2004 | A1 |
| 20070105702 | Matsumoto et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 62-108741 | May 1987 | JP |
| 02177401 | Jul 1990 | JP |
| 2003-048723 | Feb 2003 | JP |
| 2004-035335 | Feb 2004 | JP |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20080099937 A1 | May 2008 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | PCT/JP2006/310695 | May 2006 | US |
| Child | 11947976 | US |
