Patent Grant
10173223
This invention relates to the production of cassettes or pulp from sugar beets and, more particularly, to a process for optimizing the size of used cassettes or pulp, which are by-products of processes from extracting sugar from sugar beets.
After reception at the processing plant, sugar beet roots are washed, mechanically sliced into thin strips called cossettes, and passed to a diffuser or extraction tower to extract the sugar content into a water solution.
Diffusers are long vessels of many meters in which the beet slices go in one direction while hot water goes in the opposite direction. The movement may either be caused by a rotating screw or the whole unit rotating, and the water and cossettes move through internal chambers. The three common designs of diffuser are the horizontal rotating, inclined screw, and vertical screw “Tower.” Modern tower extraction plants have a processing capacity of up to 17,000 metric tons per day. A less common design uses a moving belt of cassettes, with water pumped onto the top of the belt and, poured through. In most cases, the flow rates of cassettes and water are approximately equal to a 1:2 ratio. Typically, cassettes take about ninety minutes to pass through the diffuser, while the water takes forty-five minutes. These countercurrent exchange methods extract more sugar from the cassettes using less water than if they merely sat in a hot water tank for a period of time. The liquid exiting the diffuser is called raw juice. The color of raw juice varies from black to a dark red depending on the amount of oxidation, which is itself dependent on diffuser design.
The used cossettes, or pulp, exit the diffuser at about ninety-five percent moisture, but low sucrose content. Using screw presses, the wet pulp slabs are then pressed down to seventy-five percent moisture. This recovers additional sucrose in the liquid pressed out of the pulp and reduces the energy needed to dry the pulp. The pressed pulp is dried and sold as animal feed, while the liquid pressed out of the pulp is combined with the raw juice or, more often, introduced into the diffuser at the appropriate point in the countercurrent process. Another byproduct, vinasse, is used as fertilizer or growth substrate for yeast cultures.
During diffusion, a portion of the sucrose breaks down into invert sugars. These sugars can undergo further breakdown into acids. These breakdown products are not only losses of sucrose, but also have knock-on effects reducing the final output of processed sugar from the factory. To limit thermophilic bacterial action, the feed water may be dosed with formaldehyde and control of the feed water pH is also practiced. Attempts at operating diffusion under alkaline conditions have been made, but the process has proven problematic. The improved sucrose extraction in the diffuser is offset by processing problems in the next stages.
There are benefits in using a pulp-size optimizer in sugar beet processing facilities which have to slice beets and must produce so-called slabs of the sugar beets in order to obtain continuous operation in sugar extraction system: For example, sugar beet slabs will be more thermo stable and allow the countercurrent flow which will allow the extraction of the sucrose. During the period of beet processing, normal beet cossette size using prior art processes often simply plug the extraction systems due to the thermal influence, creating just “mush” and prohibiting counter current juice flows in the system.
For the reasons advanced above, there exists a need for a pulp optimizer apparatus for optimizing the size of used cossettes or pulp which are by-products of processes from extracting sugar from sugar beets.
In accordance with one form of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for producing uniformly sized sugar beet cossettes, the apparatus including a frame; a first cutting shaft assembly adjacent to a second cutting shaft assembly on the frame, each of the first and second cutting shaft assemblies including a shaft in connection with a gear motor, and the gear motor being structured and disposed for mechanically rotating the shaft; a plurality of discs supported on the shaft; and a plurality of blades extending outwards from each of the plurality of discs; wherein the first and second cutting shaft assemblies are configured for interlaced counter-rotation of each of the plurality of discs; and a chute on the frame, and the chute including sidewalls defining an open-ended channel that is sized and configured for directing the sugar beet cossettes onto the first and second cutting shaft assemblies, and wherein the sugar beet cossettes are cut into uniformly sized sugar beet cossettes by the plurality of blades on each of the interlaced, counter-rotating plurality of discs.
In accordance with another form of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for producing uniformly sized sugar beet cossettes in combination with a scroll for egress of the optimized pulp, the apparatus including a stationary frame; a first cutting shaft assembly adjacent to a second cutting shaft assembly and each being supported above the scroll by the stationary frame, each of the first and second cutting shaft assemblies including a shaft in connection with a gear motor, and the gear motor being structured and disposed for mechanically rotating the shaft; a plurality of discs supported on the shaft; and a plurality of blades extending outwards from each of the plurality of discs; wherein the first and second cutting shaft assemblies are configured for interlaced counter-rotation of each of the plurality of discs; and wherein the sugar beet cossettes introduced to the first and second cutting shaft assemblies are cut into uniformly sized sugar beet cassettes by the plurality of blades on each of the interlaced; counter-rotating plurality of discs.
The description refers to the accompanying schematic drawings in which like reference characters refer to like parts throughout the several views, and in which:
Like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the several views of the drawings.
Referring to the several views of the drawings, the pulp optimizer of the present invention is shown and described herein and is generally indicated as 10.
As will be discussed below, it is desirable to produce cassettes or pulp 100 which are uniform in size. This is accomplished by placing a pulp optimizer 10 preferably where the cassettes or pulp 100 exits the diffuser 102 and prior to the pulp 100 entering the pulp pressing station 104.
Referring to
The preferred clearance between each of the plurality of discs 14 and, therefore, cutter inserts 16, is approximately 7 mm, which is the standard size of cossettes or pulp 100 during fresh sugar beet slicing season. It is considered, however, that a pulp optimizer apparatus 10 may be readily manufactured to include a plurality of discs 14 at various clearances, as required. The material selection of the apparatus 10 would meet the requirement of the low pH product which also addresses the wear resistance.
In one embodiment, the counter-rotating cutting shaft assemblies 12 rotate at different speeds and the capacity would be correspondingly controlled by variable speed frequency drives. The larger size beet particles would be reduced by the blades 16 to the more uniform size of 7 mm. One or more sensors 28, such as optical sensors, may be used to communicate with the gear motors 22 for automatic adjustment of the rotation speed of the counter-rotating cutting shaft assemblies 12. In operation, the one or more sensors 28 detect the volume of the cossettes or pulp 100 entering the chute 26 and deliver a signal to the gear motors 22 for speeding up or slowing down the rotation of one or both counter-rotating cutting shaft assemblies 12 accordingly.
Referring to
There are additional benefits of using the pulp optimizer apparatus 10. First, the uniform pulp size would result in lower pressed pulp moisture, which can otherwise be problematic due to thicker slabs not releasing the moisture as quickly as smaller slabs. Moreover, uniform pulp size would increase the capacity of the pulp pressing station 104.
Second, the propensity of pulp to over-dry would greatly benefit more uniform pulp size. During the beet processing time, a higher amount of thermal energy is required from the pulp dryers to reduce the moisture of the existing pulp, which leads to increased costs. Difficulties are also present at the steam pulp drier systems because the larger particles of the pulp have the tendency to separate in the system and periodically cause operation interruptions.
Third, more uniform pulp sizes exiting the pulp dryer system would greatly increase the pelletizing of the pulp (animal feed). In the pelletizing process, the dried pulp is forced by extreme pressure through a die, creating a hard compressed pellet. During the beet processing time, a large amount of large slabs do enter the pulp press station and create pelletizing problems and reduce the pellet mill's capacity, Also, in presently available systems, there are increased maintenance problems and discharge of unpelletized pulp which has to be sold at a much lower price.
Referring to
From the foregoing description of one embodiment of the invention, it will be apparent that many modifications may be made therein. It will be understood that this embodiment of the invention is an exemplification of the invention only and that the invention is not limited thereto.
While the present invention has been shown and described in accordance with several preferred and practical embodiments, it is recognized that departures from the instant disclosure are contemplated within the spirit and scope of the present invention which are not limited except as defined in the following claims as interpreted by the Doctrine of Equivalents.
This application is a Non-provisional Patent Application relating to and claiming the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/007,092 filed on Jun. 3, 2014.
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