Patent Application
20140301918
The present invention discloses a process for obtaining technical grade molybdenum trioxide from diluted leaching acid solutions (PLS), with highly concentrated arsenic, antimony or bismuth. Said solution is obtained by leaching of metallurgic residues with a high concentration of these impurities, such as casting powders.
More specifically, the present invention discloses a process for recovering molybdenum through ionic exchange, through which molybdenum is separated from other metals also present in said solution, through the use of ionic exchange resins and controlled precipitation of As, Sb, and Bi, with magnesium or iron salts, followed by an ammonium molybdate precipitation, which is later calcinated to obtain technical grade molybdenum trioxide.
A mining process or method is the summation of methods through which, starting from a deposit, metals and/or metallic compounds of commercial purity and quality are obtained, in a profitable manner and with an acceptable environmental impact.
In the known leaching process, one or many mineral values contained in an ore or a concentrate are dissolved, generally using an aqueous solution of a leaching agent. The term can also be extended to include dissolving secondary materials, such as scrap metals, residues, and waste.
Leaching produces an aqueous solution rich in extracted ions of the valued metal (PLS, pregnant leaching solution) from which it is possible to separate this metal and recovering it with a high level of purity. Also, a solid residue or gravel is produced, that, ideally, has a sufficiently low level of valued leached minerals, as to discard it in tailings or dump. If the solid leaching residue is impregnated with salts or precipitates that eventually can release toxic agents once exposed to the environment, before discard, the residue must be properly treated in order to achieve elimination or stabilization of the potentially contaminant compounds. In some cases, leaching can have a different objective than the one previously described. For example, when a concentrate is leached for selectively extracting certain impurities, and thus increase the quality of concentrate (for example during removal of copper from molybdenite concentrates).
In purification and enrichment processes of solutions, leaching processes are not necessarily selective and, in consequence, produce leaching solutions containing, besides the metal of interest, a range of impurities. This, added to the fact that concentration of the metal of interest may not be too high, making impossible a direct recovery of the metal of interest from leaching solution, in this way, these solutions must be previously treated through purification and enrichment steps.
Purification allows to eliminate impurities, effectively isolating valuable elements. Enrichment of solutions is also particularly beneficial for reducing the volumes of solution to be treated in subsequent steps of metal recovery. This contributes to lessen investment costs and increase efficiency in recovery.
In the present invention, a process for recovery of molybdenum as molybdenum trioxide, from diluted acid leaching solutions of metallurgic residues, having a high concentration of arsenic, antimony, or bismuth, is disclosed.
The object of the present invention is recovering molybdenum, through ion exchange, contained in diluted leaching solutions containing molybdenum, but having a high concentration of arsenic, among others, in such a manner that a molybdenum product is obtained efficiently and profitably.
Prior art shows documents disclosing molybdenum recovery through ion exchange. Such is the case of U.S. Pat. No. 4,891,067, disclosing a process for selective separation of molybdenum present in an acid solution at pH 2 and containing molybdenum and at least one of the elements in the group conformed by uranium, iron, arsenic, phosphorous, silicon, and vanadium. Said process comprises to contact the acid solution with a stationary phase consisting of a resin with an active oxime group and eluting said stationary phase with an alkaline solution to recover molybdenum. U.S. Pat. No. 4,596,701 discloses a procedure for purifying molybdenum trioxide, specifically disclosing a method for preparing ammonium molybdate comprising contacting said concentrate with an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid, ammonium, ammonium sulfate and persulfate, for solubilizing at least 2% of the molybdenum values present in said concentrate.
A Chilean patent application CL N° 3137-2005 discloses a process for molybdenum and copper extraction, which are contained in solidified slags from fusion processes in copper concentrates. This document does not interfere with the present patent application since the slag does not contain arsenic, therefore treating a technical problem different to the one addressed in the present patent application.
None of the previously mentioned processes interfere with the present application since said documents of the prior art show processes with different operative variables, and therefore, do not provide the benefits obtained with the present invention, which, as disclosed in the present application, consist on efficiently and profitably recovering technical grade MoO3 from leaching solutions with high arsenic content. Through the present invention, a technical grade molybdenum trioxide is obtained, which means having a molybdenum content over 58%, and a content of non-regulated metals, such as As, Sb, and Bi, in values lower than 0.1%.
The process of the present invention discloses recovery of molybdenum through ion exchange, followed by an increase in the concentration of molybdenum in the regenerant, precipitating impurities, precipitating molybdenum, passing through drying, and calcination, to obtain the final product of technical grade molybdenum trioxide, as shown in
More specifically, the present invention discloses a process to recover over 70% or more, specifically around 90% of molybdenum present in PLS as technical grade MoO3. Specifically, the invention consists in selective recovery of molybdenum, in the form of MoO3, from PLS solution generated from leaching of casting powders.
The present invention develops a process for recovering molybdenum through ion exchange. The process has been validated in a pilot plant and the fundamental aspects of the process, validation steps, and methodology of industrial scaling, as disclosed in the present invention, show a novel and inventive process.
The ion exchange process considers two steps which repeat in ion exchange cycles: charge and regeneration of the resin; each one followed of water washing steps. The charge process of the resin consists on capturing molybdenum ion in molybdate form from the acid leaching solution, while the regeneration process of the resin consists on re-extraction or discharge of the molybdate ion using an alkaline regenerating solution. The equations corresponding to the process are shown below:
Resin charge step:
H2MoO4+2 R—OH→R2-MoO4+2 H2O
Resin regeneration step:
R2—MoO4+2 NH4OH→2R-OH+(NH4)2MoO4
Wherein R represents the ion exchange resin. The resin used in this process is of anionic weak base or anionic weak/string base type, presenting functional groups selected among secondary, tertiary, tertiary/quaternary amines, and polyamines.
Molybdenum extraction with ion exchange resins is performed contacting PLS solution containing Mo with an anionic resin. This contact can be discontinuous, adding the resin to the solution and agitating, or continuously, by using columns.
Mo extraction using ion exchange is highly selective for Mo, solutions obtained through leaching of metallurgic residues or casting powders contain elements and impurities that are co-extracted during the process of ion exchange, in particular As, Sb, and Bi are partially extracted during the ion exchange and report in the charged regenerating solution, therefore it is required to send the charged solution to the step of impurity removal (
Afterwards, charged Mo must be discharged from the resin contacting the charged resin with an alkaline solution of ammonium hydroxide, wherein a Mo charged solution is obtained, contaminated with As, Sb, or Bi which are partially co-extracted with Mo.
Removal of these impurities can be performed by precipitating with a magnesium or iron salt, obtaining a solid product that must be treated for further disposition and obtaining a regenerating solution charged with Mo and virtually free of impurities (
3MgSO4+H3AsO4→Mg3(AsO4)2(s)+H2SO4
MgSO4+2HSbO2→Mg(SbO2)2(s)+H2SO4
MgSO4+2HBiO2→Mg(BiO2)2(s)+H2SO4
After removal of As, Sb, and Bi, a charged regenerating solution is obtained, free of impurities, which is then sent to the Mo precipitation step (
8(NH4)3MoO4+6H2SO4→(NH4)4Mo8O26+6(NH4)2SO4+6H2O,
The last step to obtain molybdenum trioxide is the calcination step, wherein the ammonium molybdate precipitate is subjected to controlled heating from 20 to 700° C. The temperature profile used (
1.—Heating from 20 to 260° C. and holding for approximately 20 minutes to 2 hours, for removing hydration water.
2.—Heating from 260 to 370° C. and holding for approximately 20 minutes to 2 hours, for removing water and ammonia.
3.—Heating from 370 to 500° C. and holding for approximately 20 minutes to 2 hours, for removing As as arsenic oxide.
4.—Heating from 500 to 700° C. and holding for approximately 20 minutes to 2 hours, for decomposition and desorption of sulfur and arsenic.
In summary, using the present invention allows to produce molybdenum trioxide with impurities, such as As, Sb, and Bi, with values lower than 0.1%. The present invention in more detail has the following correlative steps:
1.—Contacting acid aqueous solution (PLS) previously filtered with a pH lower than 1.6, with an ion exchange resin of anionic type. Such as for example, the ones described in Table 1.
2.—Wash with water the resin post-charge to avoid potential precipitation of solid elements that are dissolved in PLS due to its acidity (such as iron) which could precipitate when in contact with the regenerant due to the basic pH of the ammonium hydroxide solution.
3.—Extracting molybdenum from the ion exchange resin with an alkaline solution of ammonium hydroxide in a concentration range from around 5 g/L to 150 g/L, reaching a pH of around 8 to 12, more preferentially between 8.5 and 9.5, in the form of ammonium molybdate in solution.
4.—Wash with water the resin post-discharge, similar to step 2.
5.—Adding a magnesium or iron salt, such as for example magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride, or ferric sulfate, to the solution obtained in step 3, to obtain a pulp with an arsenic and other impurities precipitate, which is separated in 2 lines: the ammonia solution obtained, that contains Mo, passes to the molybdenum precipitation step and the solid obtained is carried to an abatement step and external disposition to the process of the present invention.
6.—Adding H2SO4 to the ammonia solution obtained in step 5 to precipitate the molybdenum in the form of ammonium molybdate ((NH4)4Mo8O26) in an acid medium with a pH between 1.5 to 4, more preferentially at pH 3.3, and in a temperature range between 50° C. to 90° C., more preferentially at 70° C.
7.—Separating the precipitate of step 6, using filtration of molybdate, and the solution obtained is recirculated to mix it with the initial solution of PLS.
8.—Calcinating in a ramp or steps of temperature between 20 to 700° C. the filtered product of step 7 to technical grade molybdenum trioxide (MoO3). This step allows removal of sulfur, arsenic, and ammonium traces, therefore the product complies with the requirements for the market of technical grade molybdenum trioxide.
9.—Additionally recovering ammonia generated in calcination step 8 in a condenser and/or gas scrubber, for further return to the process as regenerant.
Weak (WBA) and mixed weak/strong (WBA/SBA) anionic ion exchange resins were tested for the process of the present invention. As an example and without limiting the invention, the resins indicated in Table 1 were tested. After a large number of batch and in column tests, the results described in Table 2 were obtained.
As can be seen in Table 2, all resins present an acceptable percentage of affinity for Mo, standing out resins MP64, MP62 y A100Mo. Nevertheless, in Mo re-extraction capacity from the resin, A170/4675 and MP62 resins stand out. The variables that are considered relevant for obtaining a product with less impurities are reflected in Table 3.
330 L of PLS solution were contacted with 6 L of Lanxess® MP-62 resin (for exemplification, and without limiting the invention). The resin was disposed in a static column which allowed passing PLS solution at a 4.5 l/h flow rate, after this period, a “refine” or Mo-free solution was obtained, as shown in Table 4.
Afterward, 12 L water were passed, at a 4.5 L/h flow rate for washing the resin. After washing, the resin was regenerated, extracting the captured Mo, passing an alkaline ammonium hydroxide solution (50 g/L NH4OH) through the column. This procedure was performed for 47 cycles of charge/discharge, using in each cycle 330 L of fresh PLS solution. The regenerating solution was not renovated since its concentration increases in each cycle; maintaining the pH near to 9.
The charged regenerating solution was fed to a 5 L reactor for precipitating impurities, contacting 215.8 g of magnesium sulfate (5% above stoichiometric value). The pulp was left reacting for 120 min. The solid was filtered and washed for disposition. The results obtained show a high efficiency in precipitation of impurities, obtaining a solution with only 41 mg/L of As and concentrations of Sb and Bi lower than 10 mg/L. No co-precipitation with Mo was detected.
Afterwards, the treated or clean solution was loaded to the Mo precipitation reactor, wherein it was heated to 60° C. Under this condition, sulfuric acid was added, turning the solution pH to 3.3.
In these conditions, a precipitation of Mo of 70% was obtained. The solid was filtered and washed with water in a ratio of 3 parts of water for 1 part of solid in weight. From this procedure, a solid with the concentrations described in Table 5 was obtained.
This solid was further calcinated in an electrical oven for 3.5 h, reaching a temperature of 650° C. The results of the concentration for the product are shown in Table 6.
Using the present invention, the final molybdenum product exceeds the conventional commercial standards of concentration. The obtained purity is compatible with the conventional market of technical grade molybdenum trioxide.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2095-2011 | Aug 2011 | CL | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB2012/054308 | 8/24/2012 | WO | 00 | 5/19/2014 |
