Claims
- 1. A process for the partial oxidation of hydrocarbons, comprising contacting a hydrocarbon fluid with at least one solid state membrane, wherein said solid state membrane comprises
- A) a structure selected from the group consisting of:
- a) substantially perovskitic material;
- b) an intimate, gas-impervious, multi-phase mixture of an electronically-conductive phase and an oxygen ion-conductive phase; and
- c) combinations thereof; and
- B) a porous coating selected from the group consisting of metals, metal oxides and combinations thereof.
- 2. The process of claim 1, wherein said structure is substantially perovskitic material.
- 3. The process of claim 1, wherein said perovskitic material has a composition selected from the group consisting of �A.sub.1-x A'.sub.x ! B O.sub.3-.delta., �Bi.sub.2-y A.sub.y O.sub.2-.delta.' !�(A.sub.1-x A'.sub.x).sub.n-1 B.sub.n O.sub.3n+1-.delta." !, and combinations thereof,
- wherein
- A is selected from the group consisting of Ca, Sr, Ba, Bi, Pb, Ca, K, Sb, Te, Na and mixtures thereof;
- A' is selected from the group consisting of La, Y, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Th, U, and mixtures thereof;
- B is selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mg, Cr, V, Ti, Ni, Ta, Mn, Co, V, Cu, and mixtures thereof;
- x is not greater than about 0.9;
- y is an integer from 0 to 2;
- n is an integer from 1 to 7; and
- .delta., .delta.', and .delta." are determined by the valence of the metals.
- 4. The process of claim 2, wherein said perovskitic material is selected from the group consisting of cubic perovskites, brownmillerites, Aurivillius phases, and combinations thereof.
- 5. The process of claim 2, wherein said perovskitic material is a cubic perovskite.
- 6. The process of claim 1, wherein said perovskitic material has a composition �A.sub.1-x A'.sub.x ! B O.sub.3-.delta.
- wherein
- A is selected from the group consisting of Ca, Sr, Ba, Bi, Pb, Ca, K, Sb, Te, Na and mixtures thereof;
- A' is selected from the group consisting of La, Y, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Th, U, and mixtures thereof;
- B is selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mg, Cr, V, Ti, Ni, Ta, Mn, Co, V, Cu, and mixtures thereof;
- x is not greater than about 0.9;
- y is an integer from 0 to 2; and
- .delta. is determined by the valence of the metals.
- 7. The process of claim 6, wherein A is selected from the group consisting of Ca, Sr, Ba, Bi, and mixtures thereof.
- 8. The process of claim 7, wherein A is Sr.
- 9. The process of claim 6, wherein A' is selected from the group consisting of of La, Y, Ce, Pr, Nd, and mixtures thereof.
- 10. The process of claim 9, wherein A' is La.
- 11. The process of claim 6, wherein B is selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mg, Cr, V, Ti, Ni, Co, V, and mixtures thereof.
- 12. The solid state membrane of claim 6 wherein A is Sr, A' is La, and x is less than about 0.25.
- 13. The process of claim 6, wherein x is not greater than about 0.6.
- 14. The process of claim 6, wherein x is not greater than about 0.4.
- 15. The process of claim 2, wherein said perovskitic material has a composition �Bi.sub.2-y A.sub.y O.sub.2-.delta.' !�(A.sub.1-x A'.sub.x).sub.n-1 B.sub.n O.sub.3n+1-.delta." !, wherein
- A is selected from the group consisting of Ca, Sr, Ba, Bi, Pb, Ca, K, Sb, Te, Na and mixtures thereof;
- A' is selected from the group consisting of La, Y, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Th, U, and mixtures thereof;
- B is selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mg, Cr, V, Ti, Ni, Ta, Mn, Co, V, Cu, and mixtures thereof;
- x is not greater than about 0.9;
- y is an integer from 0 to 2;
- n is an integer from 1 to 7; and
- .delta.' and .delta." are determined by the valence of the metals.
- 16. The process of claim 2, wherein said perovskitic material is a brownmillerite.
- 17. The process of claim 2, wherein said perovskitic material is selected from the group consisting of Aurivillius phases.
- 18. The process of claim 2, wherein said porous coating is selected from the group consisting of platinum, silver, palladium, lead, cobalt, nickel, copper, bismuth, samarium, indium, tin, praseodymium, their oxides, and combinations of the same.
- 19. The process of claim 1 wherein said electronically-conductive phase comprises silver, gold, platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, bismuth oxide, a praeseodymium-indium oxide mixture, a cerium-lanthanum oxide mixture, a niobium-titanium oxide mixture, or an electron-conductive mixed metal oxide of a perovskite structure, or a mixture thereof and the oxygen ion-conductive phase comprises yttria- or calcia-stabilized zirconia, ceria or bismuth oxide, or an oxygen ion-conductive mixed metal oxide of a perovskite structure.
- 20. The process of claim 1 wherein said structure comprises an intimate, gas-impervious, multi-phase mixture comprising from about 1 to about 75 parts by volume of the electronically-conductive phase and from about 25 to about 99 parts by volume of the product ion-conductive phase.
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 08/311,295 now abandoned, filed on Sep. 23, 1994, and of application Ser. No. 08/394,925, filed Feb. 24, 1995 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,591,315. Application No. 08/394,925 is is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/228,793 filed Apr. 15, 1994 now abandoned, which was a divisional of application Ser. No. 07/618,792 filed Nov. 27, 1990 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,306,411. Application Ser. No. 07/618,792 is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/457,327 filed on Dec. 27, 1989 now abandoned; Ser. No. 07/457,340 filed on Dec. 27, 1989, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/025,511 filed on Mar. 13, 1987 and issued as U.S. Pat. No 4,933,054 on Jun. 12 1990; Ser. No. 07/457,384 filed on Dec. 27, 1989; and Ser. No. 07/510,296 filed on Apr. 16, 1990 now abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/357,317 filed on May 25, 1989, now abandoned, which are hereby fully incorporated herein by reference.
US Referenced Citations (2)
Related Publications (4)
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Number |
Date |
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394925 |
Feb 1995 |
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457340 |
Dec 1989 |
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457384 |
Dec 1989 |
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510296 |
Apr 1990 |
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Divisions (1)
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Number |
Date |
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Parent |
618792 |
Nov 1990 |
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Continuations (1)
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Number |
Date |
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Parent |
228793 |
Apr 1994 |
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Continuation in Parts (4)
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Number |
Date |
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Parent |
311295 |
Sep 1994 |
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Parent |
457327 |
Dec 1989 |
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Parent |
25511 |
Mar 1987 |
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Parent |
357317 |
May 1989 |
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