Patent Application
20070123573
The present invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of (S)-(−)-2-Amino-6-(n-propylamino)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazole of formula (I) and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates and (S)-2,6-diamino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro benzothiazole an intermediate compound of formula II for formation of Pramipexole of Formula (1). The compound of formula I is commonly known as Pramipexole which is used in the chemotherapy of Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. More particularly, the present invention is pertaining to an improved process for the preparation of Pramipexole dihydrochloride
A general process for the preparation of compounds of formula (I) and (II) has been described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,886,812, EP 186087 and EP 207696. The process comprises the protection of amino function of 4-aminocyclohexanol (III) to give the compound of formula (IVa) wherein, R1 is acyl or alkoxycarbonyl and R2 is hydrogen or R1 and R2 together form an amino protective group such as pthalimido group which on oxidation with an oxidising agent, followed by halogenation (preferably bromination) of protected ketone of formula (Va) to give alpha halogenatedketone (VIa) which on reaction with thiourea, followed by deprotection yielded the racemic 2,6-diaminotetrahydrobenzothiole (VIIIa). Reductive alkylation of (VIIIa) with n-propanal furnished the racemic pramipexole. Although, the (S) isomer of pramipexole is mentioned therein, it is not clear at what stage the chiral resolution i.e. stage (VIII) or at final stage has been carried out. The general process steps are indicated in Scheme-1 below.
Another process for preparing optically pure pramipexole dihydrochloride was disclosed in J Med. Chem.1987, 30,494-498 , where in, racemic 2,6-diamino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro 5 benzothiazole was resolved, using L(+)tartaric acid to give optically pure (S)-2,6-diamino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro benzothiazole which was converted to optically pure pramipexole by reacting (S)-2,6-diamino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro benzothiazole with propionic anhydride in THF and followed by reduction with borane THF complex. The reaction steps are shown in Scheme-2 as under:
The processes described above, suffer with the following drawbacks:
Overall, the process disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,886,812, EP 186087 and EP 207696 for the preparation of pramipexole, are lengthy, low yielding, requires laborious column chromatography for several steps and use of corrosive and highly flammable materials. Therefore, there is a need to develop a process for preparing pramipexole and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, which should be free from the above mentioned defects and should be simple, cost effective, high yielding and does not involve laborious column chromatography. Also, process should be devoid of highly flammable and corrosive material for commercial production.
Thus one object of the invention is to provide an improved process for the preparation of (S)-2,6-diamino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro benzothiazole of formula (II), which is a key intermediate for the synthesis of Pramipexole.
Another object of this invention is to provide an improved process for the preparation of pramipexole of formula (I) and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates if desired free from the above-mentioned defects.
Another object of this invention is to provide commercially viable process for the preparation of pramipexole and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates.
Yet another object of the process is to reduce the time of condensation of phthalic anhydride with 4-aminocyclohexanole.
Yet another object of the process is to simplify the work up of halogenation without using flammable solvent.
Yet another object of the invention is to provide a process for the preparation of Pramipexole, devoid of column chromatography at every stage of the process.
Further object of the invention is to overcome the problems associated with prior art process and to prepare Pramipexole by cost effective way.
In summary, the object of the present invention is to provide a simple, efficient, cost effective, devoid of corrosive, highly inflammable material, high yielding process for the preparation of Pramipexole of formula (I) and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates.
Thus according to one aspect of present invention, there is provided an improved process for the preparation of (S)-2,6-diamino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro benzothiazole of formula (II), an intermediate compound for formation of Pramipexole of Formula (I) and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates
comprising the steps of
According to another aspect of present invention, there is provided an improved process for the preparation of Pramipexole of Formula (I) and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts/solvates
comprising the steps of
According to an improved process for the preparation of Pramipexole of Formula (I) and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates when desired is shown in SCHEME-3 as follows:
According to the present invention, 4-amino cyclohexanol of formula (III) is reacted with pthalic anhydride in presence of acid catalyst or their salts with organic bases, in polar aprotic solvent or its mixture with organic solvents, capable of removing water azeotropically.
Acid catalysts used in step (a) are sulphonic acid and their salts with organic bases and salt of inorganic acids with organic bases. It is selected form the group comprising of p-toluene sulphonic acid (PTSA), methane sulphonic acid, acid addition salts of pyridine, picoline, lutidine such as pyridine hydrochloride, pyridine hydrobromide, pyridine methane sulfonate, pyridine p-toluene sulphonate, picoline hydrochloride, picoline hydrobromide, picoline methane sulphonate, picoline p-toluene sulphonate, lutidine hydro chloride, lutidine hydrobromide, lutidine methane sulphonate, lutidine p-toluene sulphonate. The preferred acid catalyst is p-toluene sulphonic acid, pyridine p-toluene sulphonate
Polar aprotic solvent used in above step (a) is selected from group comprising of amide functional group such as dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMAC), N-methylpyrrolidinone (NMP), N-methylacetamide, N-methylformamide, N,N-dimethylpropionamide, sulphoxide functional group such as dimethylsulfoxide, sulfolane, and ethers such as tetrahydrofuran (THF) and dioxane,
The preferred solvent is dimethyl formamide. Also, step (a) can be carried out in mixture of polar aprotic solvent with organic solvent, capable of removing water azeotropically such as toluene, cyclohexane and the like. The preferred organic solvent is selected from toluene, cyclohexane.
Reaction step (a) is carried out at 90° C. to 140° C. for 10 to 20 hrs and preferably for 12 to 18 hrs.
4-(phthalimido)-cyclohexanol of formula (IV) is further oxidized by conventional manner to give 4-(phthalimido)-cyclohexanone of formula (V). (4-phthalimido)-cyclohexanol is oxidized with potassium dichromate and H2SO4 to give 4-(phthalimido)-cyclohexanone.
4-(phthalimido)-cyclohexanone is further brominated with brominating agent in presence of Lewis acid as catalyst in organic solvent and converted to 2-amino-6-phthalimido-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro benzothiazole with thiourea.
Brominating agent used in step (c) is bromine and a Lewis acid catalyst is selected from the group comprising of aluminium chloride, zinc chloride, stannous chloride.
Bromination can be carried out in both halogenated and non halogenated organic solvents. Most preferred halogenated solvent is selected from methylene dichloride, most preferred non halogenated solvents are alkyl acetate such as ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, propyl acetate and alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and propanol. Step (c) is carried out at −5 to 40° C. and more preferably at 0° C. to 10° C.
2-bromo-4-(phthalimido)-cyclohexanone of formula (VI) is with or without isolating and is further treated with thiourea in presence of base in organic solvent to give 2-amino-6-phthalimido-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro benzothiazole. Base used in step (d) is selected from alkaline earth metal carbonate, bicarbonates and acetate. Preferred base is selected from sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, and sodium acetate and potassium acetate. The most preferred base used in step (d) is sodium bicarbonate or potassium bicarbonate.
Step (d) is carried out in organic solvent selected form alcohols, halogenated solvent or mixture there of. Alcohols is selected from methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, n-butanol or mixture there of. Halogenated solvent is selected form methylene dichloride, ethylene dichloride, chloroform.
2-amino-6-phthalimido-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazole of formula (VII) can also be prepared according to step (d) without isolating 2-bromo-4-(phthalimido)-cyclohexanone prepared in step (c). 2-bromo-4-(phthalimido)-cyclohexanone prepared by step (c) can be treated in situ with thoiurea in presence of base to give compound of formula (VII).
Reacting 2-amino-6-phthalimido-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzothiazole of formula (VII) with hydrazine hydrate in presence of organic base in polar solvent to give racemic 2,6-diamino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro benzothiazole (VIII). Moreover, 2,6-diamino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro benzothiazole of formula (VIII) can also be isolated as its acid addition salts.
Organic base used in step (e) is selected from triethyl amine, pyridine, dimethyl aniline, lutidines, picolines and DBU. The preferred base used in step (e) is triethyl amine.
Polar solvent used in step (e) is selected form alcohols preferably methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, iso-butanol. The preferred solvent used in step (e) is ethanol or isopropanol.
Reaction step (e) is carried out at reflux temperature of above solvent
According to an important aspect of the invention, racemic 2,6-diamino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzothiazole of formula (VIII) prepared in step (e) is without isolating, further converted to its desired isomer (S)-2,6-diamino-4,5,67-tetrahydro-benzthiazole of formula (II)
Resolution of racemic 2,6-diamino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro benzothiazole of formula (VIII) with L-tartaric acid lead to desired (S) isomer of 2,6-diamino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro benzothiazole of formula II. Resolution of compound (VIII) comprises
Reacting (S)-2,6-diamino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro benzothiazole of formula (II) with propionaldehde in suitable organic solvent in presence of mineral acid and reducing agent leads to formation of pramipexole of formula (I).
Mineral acid used in step (g) is selected from hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid. Preferred mineral acid is sulfuric acid. Reducing agent used in step (g) is metal borohydride.
Preferred metal borohydride is selected from sodium borohydride, sodium cyanoborohydride. Preferred reducing agent is sodium borohydride
Organic solvent used in step (g) is polar organic solvent preferably alcohols selected from methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and n-propanol.
Step (g) is carried out at 0° C. to 50° C. more preferably at 0° C. to 30° C.
Pramipexole of formula (I) is further converted to its pharmaceutically acceptable salt/solvates by reacting with the respective acid in solvent selected from ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, methanol, ethanol or mixtures there of The preferred salt is Pramipexole dihydrochloride, which is available in the market, is prepared by reacting pramipexole with hydrochloric acid or HCI gas in solvent to give Pramipexole dihydrochloride. Also, its solvate, i.e. Pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate is prepared by addition of water during salt formation.
The process of the present invention leads to a significantly increase in yield at all the steps and does not involved column chromatography. Furthermore, the bromination and cyclization reaction steps have been carried out without using corrosive material. The reagent used in presence of catalyst provides a significant increase in yield from 50% to 90% without using column chromatography.
Thus the present invention provides an efficient process for the preparation of pramipexole of formula (I) and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, which offers significant commercial advantages when preparing on an industrial scale. The present invention is having several advantages over known process.
The process of the present invention produces pramipexole of formula (I) and more particularly pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate is simple, environment friendly and economical and leads to an enhanced yield.
The current process further provides significant efficiencies at the commercial manufacturing. The overall cost and labor of the manufacturing process are reduced, as simpler machinery can be used, simple method is involved and fewer undesirable waste products are generated, all of which provides distinct commercial advantages for the preparation of Pramipexole on a commercial scale.
The process of the present invention is described by the following examples, which are illustrative only and should not be construed so as to limit the scope of the invention in any manner.
Preparation of 4-(phthalimido)-cyclohexanol
(A) 300 gms (2.608 mole) of Trans-4-aminocyclohexanol was dissolve in 1500 ml Dimethyl formamide and 1500 ml of Toluene. Add 386 gms(2.608 mole) of Phthalic anhydride and 3 gm(0.012 mole) pyridinium p-toluene sulphonate. The reaction mixture is refluxed and remove water continuously from water separator, maintain this condition for 15-17 hrs. Evaporate solvent under reduced pressure. Add chloroform (3000 ml). Wash organic part with 1000 ml of 5% NaHCO3, then wash with 1000 ml of brine solution. After concentration of reaction mass, crystallize residue in Isopropyl alcohol.
YIELD : 503 gms (79%) PURITY: 99.66%
(B) 25 gms(0.2123 mole) Trans-4-aminocyclohexanol was dissolve in 100 ml cyclohexane and 100 ml DMF. Add 128.6 gm(0.8689 mole) phthalic anhydride and 0.25 gm(0.001 mole) pyridinium p-toluene sulphonate. Reflux mass at 90-95° C. for 19 hrs. Remove continuously water from water separator. Cool mass to 40° C., remove solvent under reduced pressure. Dissolve mass in 250 ml chloroform, washed chloroform layer with 5% NaHCO3 solution and brine solution. Evaporate chloroform and residue was crystallizing in isopropyl alcohol.
YIELD: 38 gms(71%)
(C) 25 gms (0.2123 mole) Trans-4-aminocyclohexanol was dissolved in 125 ml of toluene and 125 ml of DMF. Add 32.17 gm(0.2123 mole) phthalic anhydride and 0.25 gm (0.0066 mole) of p-toluene sulphonic acid. Reflux mass at 130°-135° C. for 10 hrs. Remove continuously water from water separator. Cool mass to 40° C. remove solvent under reduced pressure. Dissolve mass in 250 ml chloroform, washed chloroform layer with 5% NaHCO3 solution and brine solution. Evaporate chloroform and residue was crystallizing in isopropyl alcohol.
YIELD: 41 gms(77%)
(D) 25 gms(0.2123 mole) Trans-4-aminocyclohexanol was dissolve in 125 ml of toluene and 125 ml of DMF. Add 32.17 gm(0.2123 mole) phthalic anhydride and 0.25 gm(0.0074 mole) of pyridine hydrobromide. Reflux mass at 130°-135° C. for 15-17 hrs. Remove continuously water from water separator. Cool mass to 40° C. remove solvent under reduced pressure. Dissolve mass in 250 ml chloroform, washed chloroform layer with 5% NaHCO3 solution and brine solution. Evaporate chloroform and residue was crystallizing in isopropyl alcohol.
YIELD: 37 gms(69.4%)
Preparation of 4-(phthalimido)-cyclohexanone
190 gms(0.7755 mole) 4-phthalimido cyclohexanol are dissolve in 1480 ml chloroform. Add solution of H2SO4 (435.87 gm, 4.4476 mole conc. H2SO4 was added in 900 ml water). Cool mass to 25° C., add lot wise 180.5 gm(0.6139 mole) potassium dichromate in one hour. Stir mass for three hours, add 900 ml water and separate organic phase. Organic phase was washed with water and 2% NaHCO3 solution, after drying and concentration of extracts product was isolated by adding methanol and water mixture.
YIELD: 175 g(92.4%) PURITY: 96.01%.
Preparation of 3-bromo-4-(Phthalimido)-cyclohexanone
(A) 15 gm (0.0617 mole) 4-phthalimido cyclohexanone was dissolve in 150 ml methanol. Heat the mass to 40° C. Add Br2 solution (9.8 gm Br2 in 25 ml of methanol) and 0.25 gm of AlCl3 under stirring. Stop stirring and allow initiating bromination and finding clear solution then add remaining quantity of Br2 solution and stir for 10-15 mins. Add 10 ml water and stir for 10 mins more. Then filter the white solids obtain. Dry it at 50° C. for 2-3 hrs.
YIELD: 12.5 gm(62.8%)
(B) 15 gm (0.0617 mole) 4-phthalimido cyclohexanone was dissolve in 150 ml Ethyl acetate. Cool the mass to 0° C. Add Br2 solution (9.8 gm Br2 in 25 ml of methanol) and 0.25 gm of AlCl3 under stirring. Stop stirring and allow initiating bromination and finding clear solution then add remaining quantity of Br2 solution and stir for 10-15 mins. Wash the reaction mass with 75 ml 2% NaS2O3 solution then wash organic phase with 75 ml 8% NaHCO3. Then in last wash it with brine solution. Collect organic masses and evaporate it under vacuum. Dry it at 50° C. for 2-3 hrs.
YIELD: 15 gms(75.2%)
Preparation of 2-amino-6-phthalimido-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro benzothiazole
100 gm(0.4115 mole) 4-phthalimido cyclohexanone was dissolve in 1000 ml dichloromethane. Cool the mass to 0° C. Add 25 ml Br2 solution (65.8 gm Br2 in 100 ml of dichloromethane) and 0.3 gm anhydrous AlCl3 under stirring. Stop stirring and allow initiating bromination and finding clear solution then add remaining quantity of Br2 solution and stirr for 10-15 min. Wash the reaction mass with 250 ml 2% NaS2O3 solution then wash organic phase with 250 ml 8% NaHCO3. Collect organic phase and add 46 gm (0.6052 mole) thiourea, 34 gm (0.4047 mol) NaHCO3 and 350 ml methanol. Reflux reaction mass for 2-3 hrs. Distill off dichloromethane and methanol. Add 690 ml DM water in residue. Filter the product and purified wet product by hot methanol.
YIELD: 110 gm(89%) PURITY: 96.45%
Preparation of Racemic 2,6-diamino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro benzothiazole
100 gm(0.3344 mole) 2-amino-6-phthalimido-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro benzothiazole was suspended in 500 ml isopropyl alcohol. Add 20.05 gm(0.4010 mole) hydrazine hydrate and 7.26 gm (0.0718 mole) Triethylamine. Reflux for 2-3 hrs. Cool the mass to 10° C., Filter the slurry and wash with chilled isopropyl alcohol. Isolated mixture of compounds are recrystalize in absolute alcohol
YIELD: 50 gm(88.46%)
Preparation of (S)-Tartarate salt of 2,6-diamino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro benzothiazole
100 gm (0.5917 mol) of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazole-2,6-diamine was added in 1000 ml DM water. Heat it to 70° C. and add 88.75 gm (0.5917 mole) L(+)-Tartaric acid. Stirr for 1.5 hr, cool to 60° C. Filter hot. Stir the filtrate for 10-12 hrs, cool to 5° C. Stir for 30 mins. Filter and recrystallize by water.
PURITY: 99.5% (chiral purity)
Preparation of (S)-2,6-diamino-4,5,6,7-tetrahvdro benzothiazole
100 gm(0.3134 mole) (S)-Tartarate salt of 2,6-diamino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro benzothiazole was added to 79.69 ml water. Cool the reaction mass to 0-5° C. with stirring. Add 71.99 ml conc. HCI slowly and drop wise. Then add 240 ml 85% KOH solution drop wise to reaction mass. Maintain temperature 0-5° C. during complete addition. Stir reaction mass for 1-2 hrs at 0-5° C. Filter the product.
YIELD: 56 gm(1.05%) PURITY: 99.6%
Preparation of (S)-(−)-2-Amino-6-(n-propylamino)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazole or Pramipexole of formula (I)
50 gm (0.2958 mole) (6S)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzthiazole-2,6-diamine was dissolved in 1500 ml methanol. Bring down temp of solution to 0° C. Add 20.68 gm(0.3566 mole) propionaldehyde and 1.3 gm conc. sulfuric acid (0.044 mole). After stirring to 90 minutes add 16.78 gm (0.4435 mole) sodium borohydride. Allow increasing temperature of mass to 25° C. After one hrs add second lot of 17.22 gm (0.2970 mole) propionaldehyde and agitate for 10-15 mins. Then add 11.19 gm (0.2957 mole) sodium borohydride and stirr for 40 mins. Add 150-ml brine solution and stirr for 30 mins. Distill off solvent under reduced pressure at 40° C. Add 500 ml ethyl acetate and water, Separate organic phase, dry it and distilled off ethyl acetate under reduced pressure at 40° C. Residue is crystallizing in Acetonitrile.
YIELD: 34.75 gm (80.1%) PURITY: 99.5% 1H NMR in DMSO: 1.14 ppm (d, 3H) C(3′); 4.12 ppm (m, 1H) C(2′); 3.0 ppm (m,1H) C(1′); 3.54 ppm (m,lH) C(6); 3.10 ppm (m, 2H) C(7); 2.34 ppm (m, 2H) C(3); 2.09 ppm (m, 2H) C(4) 13C NMR in DMSO: C(4) 23.2 ppm, C(5) 20.9 ppm, C(7) 24.69 ppm,. C(6) 52.65 ppm, C(1′) 51.51, C(2′) 62.30, C(3′) 21.02 ppm; thiazole ring C(2′) 168.7 ppm; C(4′) 132.8 ppm, C(5′) 110.83 ppm
Preparation of Pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate
100 gm (0.4739 mole) (S)-Pramipexole was dissolve in 800 ml ethanol. Heat it to 50-55° C. Add lOgm-charcoal powder and stirr for 15-20 min. Filter through hyflow and wash it with 200 ml ethanol. Add 8.53 gm (0.4739 mole) water cool the reaction mass to 0-5° C. Pass dry HCl gas to reaction mass till pH becomes 2. Stir for 7-8 hrs. Filter the product. Purified by refluxing with ethanol.
YIELD : 127 gm(88.7%) PURITY: 99.8%
While the present invention has been described in terms of its specific embodiments, certain modifications and equivalents will be apparent to those skilled in the art and are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 706/MUM/2004 | Jul 2004 | IN | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IN05/00127 | 4/25/2005 | WO | 8/4/2006 |
