Patent Application
20210159521
The present invention is in the technical field of treatment of water. More particularly, the present invention is in the technical field of treatment of water by electrochemical methods.
There is a need to transform seawater into freshwater and to transport it economically to a remote location to irrigate land.
The present invention is a process that intakes water, extracts hydrogen gas from it, pipes away the hydrogen, and then reforms it to freshwater.
Water comprises seawater and freshwater.
Transport of water is costly and requires much energy. The present invention extracts hydrogen gas from water using electrical energy, pipes it either as a gas or its liquid form, across a long distance and at different altitudes, and then reforms it to freshwater while producing electrical energy. This is economical since transporting hydrogen is cheaper than transporting water and since some of the electrical energy expended is recuperated.
Presently hydrogen is used for the production of electrical energy by electrical vehicles with freshwater as waste. The present invention is an unexpected combination that uses an electrochemical technology to process seawater so that it can be transported economically as hydrogen and then produce freshwater with a similar electrochemical technology while recuperating electrical energy.
Presently 95% of hydrogen gas is produced from natural gas along with a by-product, carbon dioxide that is a greenhouse gas.
Presently, tube trailers, container trailers, or liquid trailers transport hydrogen fuel. Shell® stated “For the transport of very large volumes of hydrogen, a comprehensive pipeline network is ideal.”
The object of this invention is to produce hydrogen from water, pipe it inland and reform it into freshwater for irrigation purpose; it can also be used for domestic or industrial purposes.
Freshwater is stored at the end of the process.
Excess energy in the power grid could be stored as freshwater.
The drawing is a flow-diagram of steps of a process of the present invention.
Referring now to the invention in more detail, wherein the steps of a process of the present invention are shown in a flow-diagram 1, the process begins with a water input 4 into a electrolysis apparatus 2, that inputs electrical energy 6, outputs a seawater concentrate 5 discharged at sea, outputs oxygen 8 in the air, and outputs hydrogen into a pipeline 7 to transport it to a remote location and reforms it by a water-reforming apparatus 3 that inputs oxygen 9 from the air, outputs electrical energy 10 and outputs freshwater that is transported by means of a pipeline 11 into a container 12 and outputs it onto 13 land.
In more detail, still referring to the invention, the electrolysis apparatus 2, consists of an electrolyzer running as a fuel cell, a photoelectrolysis system, a photobiological system, an alkaline electrolysis system, a solid oxide fuel cell, or a proton-exchange membrane electrolysis. A preferred embodiment is to transform seawater by electrolysis with a hierarchical anode nickel-iron hydroxide electro-catalyst layer coated on a sulfide layer formed on a porous nickel substrate foam.
In more detail, still referring to the invention, the seawater 4 is freshwater.
In more detail, still referring to the invention, the seawater concentrate 5 is discharged in a salt evaporation pond.
In more detail, still referring to the invention, the water-reforming apparatus 3, consists of a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell.
In more detail, still referring to the invention, the electrolysis apparatus 2 and the water-reforming apparatus 3 include a gas humidifier subsystem.
In more detail, still referring to the invention, the amount of electrical energy 6 and of water 4 are in sufficient proportion to produce the hydrogen fed into the pipeline 7.
In more detail, still referring to the invention, the electrolysis apparatus 2 compresses and cools the hydrogen according the well-known phase graph having a triple point at 21.2° K and the critical point at 32° K.
In more detail, still referring to the invention, the pipeline 7 consists of sections having different diameters, depending on the distance covered, the height raised or lowered and the environing conditions.
In more detail, still referring to the invention, the pipeline 7 is made of metal, polymeric composites, polymeric nanocomposites, fiber-reinforced polymers, or engineered plastics.
In more detail, still referring to the invention, the freshwater transferred 11 is cooled to convert steam to liquid freshwater.
In more detail, still referring to the invention, the freshwater stored in a container 12 is used for ends other than irrigation, such as domestic consumption that is another preferred embodiment or industrial ends.
In more detail, still referring to the invention, the container 12 consists of a tank or a lake.
The advantages of the present invention include, without limitation, an efficient and economical means of transforming water into hydrogen, of transporting it at a lesser cost than water over long distances and higher ground level, and reforming it into freshwater.
In broad embodiment, the present invention is a means to convert water to hydrogen, to transport it to a remote location and to reform it to freshwater to irrigate land.
While the foregoing written description of the invention enables one of ordinary skill to make and use what is considered presently to be the best mode thereof, those of ordinary skill will understand and appreciate the existence of variations, combinations, and equivalents of the specific embodiment, method, and examples herein. The invention should therefore not be limited by the above described embodiment, method, and examples, but by all embodiments and methods within the scope and spirit of the invention.
Please, refer back to provisional patent No. 62/817,569 having the filing date of Mar. 13, 2019.
