Claims
- 1. A process for the preparation of a silica-filled, vulcanized elastomeric compound comprising:
mixing an elastomer with from about 5 to about 100 parts by weight of a reinforcing filler selected from the group consisting of silica filler and mixtures thereof with carbon black, from 0 to about 20 percent by weight, based on said silica filler, of bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]tetrasulfide, from 0.1 to about 150 percent by weight, based on said silica filler, of an alkylalkoxysilane, and a cure agent; and, effecting vulcanization.
- 2. The process as in claim 1 wherein the elastomer is a diene monomer homopolymer or a copolymer of a diene monomer and a monomer selected from the group consisting of monovinyl aromatic monomers and triene monomers.
- 3. The process as in claim 1 wherein the alkylalkoxysilane is represented by the formula (R1)2Si(OR2)2 or R1Si(OR2)3,
wherein each R1 independently is selected from the group consisting of C1 to about C18 aliphatic, about C5 to about C12 cyclo-aliphatic, and about C6 to about C18 aromatic; and, wherein the alkoxy groups are the same or are different, each R2 independently containing from one to about 6 carbon atoms.
- 4. The process as in claim 1 wherein the alkylalkoxysilane is represented by the formula (R1)2Si(OR2)2 or R1Si(OR2)3,
wherein each R1 independently is selected from the group consisting of C1 to about C10 aliphatic, about C6 to about C10 cyclo-aliphatic, and about C6 to about C12 aromatic; and, wherein the alkoxy groups are the same or are different, each R2 independently containing from one to about 6 carbon atoms.
- 5. The process as in claim 1 wherein the alkylalkoxysilane is selected from the group consisting of octyltriethoxy silane, octyltrimethyloxy silane, (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxy silane, (3-glycidoxypropyl)triethoxy silane, hexyltrimethoxy silane, ethyltrimethyoxy silane, propyltriethoxy silane, phenyltrimethoxy silane, cyclohexyltrimethoxy silane, cyclohexyltriethyoxy silane, dimethyldimethyoxy silane, 3-chloropropyltriethoxy silane, methacroyltrimethoxy silane, and i-butyltriethoxy silane.
- 6. The process as in claim 1 wherein the alkylalkoxysilane is octyltriethoxysilane.
- 7. The process as in claim 1, including mixing prior to vulcanizing, a processing aid comprising at least one of an ester of a fatty acid or an ester of a polyol.
- 8. The process as in claim 7 wherein the processing aid is selected from the group consisting of at least one sorbitan ester of an oleate, laurate, palmitate and stearate fatty acids, polyoxyethylene derivatives thereof, at least one ester of a polyhydroxy compound, and mixtures thereof.
- 9. The process as in claim 7 wherein the processing aid is sorbitan monooleate.
- 10. The process as in claim 1 wherein the elastomer is styrene butadiene rubber.
- 11. The process as in claim 1 wherein the elastomer is a copolymer of styrene butadiene rubber and butyl rubber.
- 12. The process as in claim 1 including mixing the elastomer with carbon black.
- 13. The process as in claim 1 including mixing insoluble sulfur prior to vulcanizing.
- 14. A vulcanizable silica-filled compound comprising an elastomer, a silica filler, from 0 to about 20 percent by weight, based on said silica filler, of bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]tetrasulfide, from about 0.1 to about 150 percent by weight, based on said silica filler, of an alkylalkoxysilane, and a cure agent.
- 15. The compound as in claim 14 wherein the alkylalkoxysilane is represented by the formula (R1)2Si(OR2)2 or R1Si(OR2)3,
wherein each R1 independently is selected from the group consisting of C1 to about C18 aliphatic, about C5 to about C12 cyclo-aliphatic, and about C6 to about C18 aromatic; and, wherein the alkoxy groups are the same or are different, each R2 independently containing from one to about 6 carbon atoms.
- 16. The compound as in claim 14 wherein the alkylalkoxysilane is represented by the formula (R1)2Si(OR2)2 or R1Si(OR2)3,
wherein each R1 independently is selected from the group consisting of C1 to about C10 aliphatic, about C6 to about C10 cyclo-aliphatic, and about C6 to about C12 aromatic; and, wherein the alkoxy groups are the same or are different, each R2 independently containing from one to about 6 carbon atoms.
- 17. The compound as in claim 14 wherein the alkylalkoxysilane is selected from the group consisting of octyltriethoxy silane, octyltrimethyloxy silane, (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxy silane, (3-glycidoxypropyl)triethoxy silane, hexyltrimethoxy silane, ethyltrimethyoxy silane, propyltriethoxy silane, phenyltrimethoxy silane, cyclohexyltrimethoxy silane, cyclohexyltriethyoxy silane, dimethyldimethyoxy silane, 3-chloropropyltriethoxy silane, methacryoltrimethoxy silane, and i-butyltriethoxy silane.
- 18. The compound as in claim 14 wherein the alkylalkoxysilane is octyltriethoxysilane.
- 19. The compound as in claim 14, including a processing aid comprising at least one of an ester of a fatty acid or an ester of a polyol.
- 20. The compound as in claim 19 wherein the processing aid is selected from the group consisting of at least one sorbitan ester of an oleate, laurate, palmitate and stearate fatty acid, their polyoxyethylene derivatives, at least one ester of a polyhydroxy compound, and mixtures thereof.
- 21. The compound as in claim 19 wherein the processing aid is sorbitan monooleate.
- 22. The compound of claim 14 wherein the elastomer is a diene monomer homopolymer or a copolymer of at least one diene and at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of monovinyl aromatic monomers and triene monomers.
- 23. The compound of claim 22 wherein the elastomer is styrene butadiene rubber.
- 24. The compound as in claim 23 wherein the elastomer is a copolymer of styrene butadiene rubber and butyl rubber.
- 25. The compound of claim 14 further containing a carbon black filler.
- 26. The compound of claim 14 further containing a natural rubber.
- 27. The compound of claim 19 further containing a carbon black filler.
- 28. The compound of claim 19 further containing a natural rubber.
- 29. A pneumatic tire comprising tread stock vulcanized from the vulcanizable silica-filled compound of claim 14.
- 30. A pneumatic tire comprising tread stock vulcanized from the vulcanizable silica-filled compound of claim 19.
- 31. A process for the preparation of a silica-filled, vulcanized elastomeric compound comprising:
mixing an elastomer with from about 5 to about 100 parts by weight of a reinforcing filler per 100 parts of elastomer, wherein said reinforcing fillers are selected from the group consisting of silica filler and mixtures thereof with carbon black; from 0 to about 20 percent by weight of bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]tetrasulfide, based upon the weight of said silica filler; from about 0.1 to about 150 percent by weight of a processing aid selected from the group consisting of fatty acid esters of hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated C5 and C6 sugars, polyoxyethylene derivatives of fatty acid esters of hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated C5 and C6 sugars, and mixtures thereof; from about 0 to about 40 parts by weight of an additional filler other than silica or carbon black, with the provisos that if said processing aid is sorbitan monooleate, then at least one of said polyoxyethylene derivatives or said additional fillers is also present and, that the minimal amount for each said processing aid and said additional filler, if present, is about one part by weight; and a cure agent; and effecting vulcanization.
- 32. A process as set forth in claim 30, wherein said elastomer is a diene monomer homopolymer or a copolymer of a diene monomer and a monomer selected from the group consisting of a monovinyl aromatic monomer and a triene monomer.
- 33. A process as set forth in claim 30, wherein said elastomer is a copolymer of at least one diene and at least one monovinyl aromatic monomer.
- 34. A process as set forth in claim 30, wherein said elastomer is styrene butadiene rubber.
- 35. A process as set forth in claim 30, comprising the additional step of adding a natural rubber.
- 36. A process as set forth in claim 30, wherein said silica filler has a surface area of about 32 to about 400 m2/g.
- 37. A process as set forth in claim 30, wherein said silica filler has a pH of about 5.5 to about 7.
- 38. A process as set forth in claim 30, wherein the amount of said carbon black reinforcing filler ranges from about 0 to about 50 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of elastomer, and the amount of said reinforcing silica filler ranges from about 1 to 100 parts, per 100 parts of elastomer, with the proviso that where carbon is 0, at least 30 phr of silica is employed.
- 39. A process as set forth in claim 30, wherein said fatty acid esters of hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated Cs and C6 sugars are selected from the group consisting of sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan dioleate, sorbitan trioleate, sorbitan sesquioleate, sorbitan laurate, sorbitan palmitate and sorbitan stearate.
- 40. A process as set forth in claim 30, wherein said polyoxyethylene derivatives of fatty acid esters of hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated C5 and C6 sugars are selected from the group consisting of POE (20) sorbitan stearate; POE (20) sorbitan oleate; POE (20) sorbitan tri-oleate; POE (20) sorbitan sesquioleate;
POE (20) sorbitan laurate and POE (20) sorbitan palmitate.
- 41. A process as set forth in claim 30, wherein said additional filler is selected from the group consisting of mica, talc, urea, clay, sodium sulfate and mixtures thereof.
- 42. A process as set forth in claim 30, comprising a mixture of at least one fatty acid ester of hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated C5 and C6 sugars and at least one polyoxyethylene derivative of a fatty acid ester of hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated C5 and C6 sugars.
- 43. A process as set forth in claim 30, comprising a mixture of at least one fatty acid ester of hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated C5 and C6 sugars and at least one said additional filler.
- 44. A process as set forth in claim 30, comprising a mixture of at least one polyoxyethylene derivative of a fatty acid ester of hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated C5 and C6 sugars and at least one said additional filler.
- 45. A process as set forth in claim 30, comprising a mixture of at least one fatty acid ester of hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated Cs and C6 sugars, at least one polyoxyethylene derivative of a fatty acid ester of hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated C5 and C6 sugars and at least one said additional filler.
- 46. A vulcanizable silica-filled compound comprising:
100 parts by weight of an elastomer; from about 5 to about 100 parts by weight of a reinforcing filler per 100 parts of elastomer, wherein said reinforcing fillers are selected from the group consisting of silica filler and mixtures thereof with carbon black; from 0 to about 20 percent by weight of bis[3-(triethoxysilyl) propyl]tetrasulfide, based upon the weight of said silica filler; from about 0.1 to about 150 percent by weight of a processing aid selected from the group consisting of fatty acid esters of hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated C5 and C6 sugars, polyoxyethylene derivatives of fatty acid esters of hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated C5 and C6 sugars, and mixtures thereof; from about 0 to about 40 parts by weight of an additional filler other than silica or carbon black; and a cure agent; with the provisos that if said processing aid is sorbitan monooleate, then at least one of said polyoxyethylene derivatives or said additional fillers is also present and, that the minimal amount for each said 18 processing aid and said additional filler, if present, is about one part by weight.
- 47. The vulcanizable silica-filled compound as set forth in claim 45, wherein the elastomer is a diene homopolymer.
- 48. The vulcanizable silica-filled compound as set forth in claim 45, wherein the elastomer is a copolymer of at least one diene and at least one monovinyl aromatic monomer.
- 49. The vulcanizable silica-filled compound as set forth in claim 47, wherein the elastomer is styrene butadiene rubber.
- 50. The vulcanizable silica-filled compound as set forth in claim 45, further containing a natural rubber.
- 51. The vulcanizable silica-filled compound as set forth in claim 45, wherein the silica filler has a surface area of about 32 to about 400 m2/g.
- 52. The vulcanizable silica-filled compound as set forth in claim 45, wherein the silica filler has a pH of about 5.5 to about 7.
- 53. The vulcanizable silica-filled compound as set forth in claim 45, wherein the amount of said carbon black reinforcing filler ranges from about 0 to about 50 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of elastomer, and the amount of said reinforcing silica filler ranges from about 1 to 100 parts, per 100 parts of elastomer, with the proviso that where carbon is 0, at least 30 phr of silica is employed.
- 54. The vulcanizable silica-filled compound as set forth in claim 45, wherein said fatty acid esters of hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated C5 and C6 sugars are selected from the group consisting of sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan dioleate, sorbitan trioleate, sorbitan sesquioleate, sorbitan laurate, sorbitan palmitate and sorbitan stearate.
- 55. The vulcanizable silica-filled compound as set forth in claim 45, wherein said polyoxyethylene derivatives of fatty acid esters of hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated C5 and C6 sugars are selected from the group consisting of POE (20) sorbitan stearate; POE (20) sorbitan oleate; POE (20) sorbitan tri-oleate; POE (20) sorbitan sesquioleate; POE (20) sorbitan laurate and POE (20) sorbitan palmitate.
- 56. The vulcanizable silica-filled compound as set forth in claim 45, wherein said additional filler is selected from the group consisting of mica, talc, urea, clay, sodium sulfate and mixtures thereof.
- 57. The vulcanizable silica-filled compound as set forth in claim 45, comprising a mixture of at least one fatty acid ester of hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated C5 and C6 sugars and at least one polyoxyethylene derivative of a fatty acid ester of hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated C5 and C6 sugars.
- 58. The vulcanizable silica-filled compound as set forth in claim 45, comprising a mixture of at least one fatty acid ester of hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated C5 and C6 sugars and at least one said additional filler.
- 59. The vulcanizable silica-filled compound as set forth in claim 45, comprising a mixture of at least one polyoxyethylene derivative of a fatty acid ester of hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated C5 and C6 sugars and at least one said additional filler.
- 60. The vulcanizable silica-filled compound as set forth in claim 45, comprising a mixture of at least one fatty acid ester of hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated C5 and C6 sugars, at least one polyoxyethylene derivative of a fatty acid ester of hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated C5 and C6 sugars and at least one said additional filler.
- 61. A pneumatic tire comprising tread stock vulcanized from the vulcanizable silica-filled compound of claim 45.
- 62. A process for the preparation of a silica-filled, vulcanized elastomeric compound comprising:
mixing 100 parts by weight of an elastomer with from about 5 to about 100 parts by weight of a reinforcing filler selected from the group consisting of silica filler or mixtures thereof with carbon black, per 100 parts of said elastomer; from about 0.1 to about 150 percent by weight, based on said silica filler, of a processing aid selected from the group consisting of alkylalkoxysilanes, fatty acid esters of hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated C5 and C6 sugars; polyoxyethylene derivatives of fatty acid esters of hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated C5 and C6 sugars and mixtures thereof; from 0 to about 40 parts by weight of a non-reinforcing filler, per 100 parts elastomer; and a cure agent; wherein said processing aid is first mixed with and supported on at least some of either said reinforcing filler or said non-reinforcing filler prior to mixing with said elastomer; and effecting vulcanization.
- 63. A process as set forth in claim 62, wherein said elastomer is a copolymer of at least one diene and at least one monovinyl aromatic monomer.
- 64. A process as set forth in claim 62, wherein said elastomer is styrene butadiene rubber.
- 65. A process as set forth in claim 62, comprising the additional step of adding a natural rubber.
- 66. A process as set forth in claim 62, wherein said silica filler has a surface area of about 32 to about 400 m2/g.
- 67. A process as set forth in claim 62, wherein said silica filler has a pH of about 5.5 to about 7.
- 68. A process as set forth in claim 62, wherein said non-reinforcing filler is selected from the group consisting of mica, talc, urea, clay, sodium sulfate, and mixtures thereof.
- 69. A process as set forth in claim 62, wherein said alkyl alkoxysilanes are selected from the group consisting of octyltriethoxy silane, octyltrimethyloxy silane, (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxy silane, (3-glycidoxypropyl)triethoxy silane, hexyltrimethoxy silane, ethyltrimethyoxy silane, propyltriethoxy silane, phenyltrimethoxy silane, cyclohexyltrimethoxy silane, cyclohexyltriethyoxy silane, dimethyidimethyoxy silane, 3-chloropropyltriethoxy silane, methacroyltrimethoxy silane, and i-butyltriethoxy silane.
- 70. A process as set forth in claim 62, wherein said fatty acid esters of hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated Cs and C6 sugars are selected from the group consisting of sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan dioleate, sorbitan trioleate, sorbitan sesquioleate, sorbitan laurate, sorbitan pal mitate and sorbitan stearate.
- 71. A process as set forth in claim 62, wherein said polyoxyethylene derivatives of fatty acid esters of hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated C5 and C6 sugars are selected from the group consisting of POE (20) sorbitan stearate; POE (20) sorbitan oleate; POE (20) sorbitan tri-oleate; POE (20) sorbitan sesquioleate; POE (20) sorbitan laurate and POE (20) sorbitan palmitate.
- 72. A process as set forth in claim 62, comprising a mixture of at least one fatty acid ester of hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated C5 and C6 sugars and at least one polyoxyethylene derivative of a fatty acid ester of hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated C5 and C6 sugars.
- 73. A vulcanizable, silica-filled compound comprising:
100 parts by weight of an elastomer; from about 5 to about 100 parts by weight of a reinforcing filler selected from the group consisting of silica filler or mixtures thereof with carbon black, per 100 parts of said elastomer; from about 0.1 to about 150 percent by weight, based on said silica filler, of a processing aid selected from the group consisting of alkylalkoxysilanes, fatty acid esters of hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated C5 and C6 sugars; polyoxyethylene derivatives of fatty acid esters of hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated C5 and C6 sugars and mixtures thereof; from 0 to about 40 parts by weight of a non-reinforcing filler, per 100 parts elastomer; and a cure agent; wherein said processing aid is supported on at least some of either said reinforcing filler or said non-reinforcing filler.
- 74. A vulcanizable silica-filled compound as set forth in claim 73, wherein said elastomer is a copolymer of at least one diene and at least one monovinyl aromatic monomer.
- 75. A vulcanizable silica-filled compound as set forth in claim 73, wherein said elastomer is styrene butadiene rubber.
- 76. A vulcanizable silica-filled compound as set forth in claim 73, comprising the additional step of adding a natural rubber.
- 77. A vulcanizable silica-filled compound as set forth in claim 73, wherein said silica filler has a surface area of about 32 to about 400 m2/g.
- 78. A vulcanizable silica-filled compound as set forth in claim 73, wherein said silica filler has a pH of about 5.5 to about 7.
- 79. A vulcanizable silica-filled compound as set forth in claim 73, wherein said non-reinforcing filler is selected from the group consisting of mica, talc, urea, clay, sodium sulfate, and mixtures thereof.
- 80. A vulcanizable silica-filled compound as set forth in claim 73, wherein said alkyl alkoxysilanes are selected from the group consisting of octyltriethoxy silane, octyltrimethyloxy silane, (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxy silane, (3-glycidoxypropyl)triethoxy silane, hexyltrimethoxy silane, ethyltrimethyoxy silane, propyltriethoxy silane, phenyltrimethoxy silane, cyclohexyltrimethoxy silane, cyclohexyltriethyoxy silane, dimethyidimethyoxy silane, 3-chloropropyltriethoxy silane, methacroyltrimethoxy silane, and i-butyltriethoxy silane.
- 81. A vulcanizable silica-filled compound as set forth in claim 73, wherein said fatty acid esters of hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated C5 and C6 sugars are selected from the group consisting of sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan dioleate, sorbitan trioleate, sorbitan sesquioleate, sorbitan laurate, sorbitan palmitate and sorbitan stearate.
- 82. A vulcanizable silica-filled compound as set forth in claim 73, wherein said polyoxyethylene derivatives of fatty acid esters of hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated C5 and C6 sugars are selected from the group consisting of POE (20) sorbitan stearate; POE (20) sorbitan oleate; POE (20) sorbitan tri-oleate; POE (20) sorbitan sesquioleate; POE (20) sorbitan laurate and POE (20) sorbitan palmitate.
- 83. A vulcanizable silica-filled compound as set forth in claim 73, comprising a mixture of at least one fatty acid ester of hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated C5 and C6 sugars and at least one polyoxyethylene derivative of a fatty acid ester of hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated C5 and C6 sugars.
- 84. A vulcanizable silica-filled compound as set forth in claim 73, wherein the silica or carbon black-support processing aid is provided as a 50/50 mixture of processing aid to support.
- 85. A pneumatic tire comprising tread stock vulcanized from the vulcanizable silica-filled compound of claim 73.
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 08/893,864 filed Jul. 11, 1997, and of U.S. Ser. No. 08/985,859, filed Dec. 5, 1997, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 08/893,875, filed Jul. 11, 1997.
Divisions (1)
|
Number |
Date |
Country |
Parent |
09203438 |
Dec 1998 |
US |
Child |
10095604 |
Mar 2002 |
US |
Continuation in Parts (3)
|
Number |
Date |
Country |
Parent |
08893864 |
Jul 1997 |
US |
Child |
09203438 |
Dec 1998 |
US |
Parent |
08985859 |
Dec 1997 |
US |
Child |
09203438 |
Dec 1998 |
US |
Parent |
08893875 |
Jul 1997 |
US |
Child |
08985859 |
Dec 1997 |
US |