Patent Application
20090191106
The invention relates to processes and devices for removing ruthenium as RuO4 from ruthenate-containing solutions by distillation.
Parting products containing ruthenium (and, if applicable, osmium) are treated initially with an alkaline oxidising melt, for example, to recover the noble metals. Following leaching, solutions are obtained therefrom which contain K2RuO4 (and, if applicable, K2OsO4). The elements Ru and Os are advantageously partitioned oxidatively as tetroxides. Suitable oxidising agents for this purpose are e.g. oxygen/ozone, H2O2/sulphuric acid, peroxodisulphate, bromine or chlorine. The tetroxides are separated off by distillation.
From JP61006130A, it is known to saturate ruthenate-containing aqueous solutions from alkaline melt leaching with chlorine gas, to decompose the hypochlorite formed by acidification, to distill off RuO4 and to take it up in HCl. A yield of 99% is indicated as being obtained on a laboratory scale.
To liberate RuO4, chlorine is consumed:
2K++RuO42−+Cl2→RuO4+2KCl (I)
During absorption in HCl, twice the quantity of chlorine is liberated:
RuO4+10HCl→H2RuCl6+2Cl2+4H2O (II)
When an oxidising agent such as chlorine or a chlorine/air mixture is passed through the ruthenate-containing solution on an industrial scale and acts as entrainer for RuO4, a large quantity of oxidising agent is consumed in the process.
The invention attempts above all to remedy this problem. It has the object of providing a process for removing ruthenium as RuO4 from ruthenate-containing solutions by distillation, in which process the oxidising agent is used as efficiently as possible with a high yield.
A further object is the provision of a process suitable for automation.
The object is achieved by way of processes according to claim 1. Advantageous embodiments can be found in the further claims.
In this process, the oxidising agent, e.g. a chlorine/air mixture, is recycled within a distillation facility.
Advantageously, the reactor is heatable and coolable such that the temperature development can be controlled in an automated manner.
It is advantageous to connect several distillation facilities in series as modules. Appropriately, the process is controlled in such a way that as soon as excess oxidising agent, e.g. chlorine, is developed in a facility, its gas mixture is pumped into the next facility. In this way, if chlorine is used as oxidising agent, chlorine produced in the process, too, is utilised for the oxidation of ruthenate. With this method of operation, approximately 1.9 kg of chlorine per kg of Ru, for example, are introduced from outside. As a result of the recycling operation, approximately 0.2 kg of chlorine per kg of Ru pass into the off-gas purification facility.
If the pH of the alkaline ruthenate-containing solution is reduced with acid before introducing the chlorine, the violence of the reaction is easier to control.
It has proved to be advantageous to keep the concentration of hydrochloric acid in which RuO4 is taken up at a high level, appropriately above 5 mole/l, by introducing HCl gas to prevent RuO4 from accumulating.
Appropriately, the process is integrated into a procedure for recovering ruthenium from partitioning products. In this case, the absorbed H2RuCl6 and the mother liquors which have arisen are worked up in a manner known to the expert.
The process according to the invention is elucidated by way of the following example. Parts and percentages relate to the weight, as they do in the rest of the description, unless indicated otherwise.
A ruthenium-containing melt cake from the alkaline oxidising melt is leached with non-potable water with stirring. The potassium/sodium ruthenate solution obtained is introduced into a glass flask and subsequently pumped into a receiving vessel.
A 500 l reactor with a gas inlet, stirrer, gas outlet and a 50 l washing flask connected to it, which flask is connected to four absorber receiving vessels connected in series and filled with concentrated HCl (first receiving vessel), diluted HCl (2nd and 3rd receiving vessel) and water (4th receiving vessel) is supplied with 50-80 l of the potassium/sodium ruthenate solution and filled with service water to a level of 300 l. Depending on the predetermined concentration of potassium/sodium ruthenate solution, 5-10 l of concentrated technical grade HNO3 are added to the solution and the temperature is raised to 50° C.
2.5 m3/h of chlorine are introduced into the solution via an inlet pipe. On termination of the temperature hike, heating is carried out.
All the liquid ruthenium tetroxide that has collected at the bottom of the distillation flask is distilled off and collected in the receiving vessels.
Before the end of the RuO4 distillation, HCl gas is introduced into the first receiving vessel. RuO4 reacts to form H2RuCl6 according to equation (II) in this process. The introduction is started once a temperature 80-85° C. has been reached in the distillation flask.
The reaction is terminated when the washing water in the washing flask becomes almost colourless, a temperature of at least 98° C. has been reached in the reactor and no further RuO4 is visible at the bottom of the washing flask.
The stream of chlorine is interrupted.
The stream of HCl into the receiving vessels is maintained for a further 1-2 h.
The residue in the reactor is treated with 3-4 l of 45-50% technical grade NaOH.
The H2RuCl6/RuCl3 solution obtained is removed from the absorber receiving vessels.
The invention also relates to devices according to claim 9 for carrying out the process described.
In the case of the module, a washing flask 2 is connected in series downstream to a reactor 1 with a stirrer 4, gas inlet 5 and gas outlet 6, in which washing flask the gas/vapour mixture distilled off is freed from possible salt mists originating from the reaction mixture. A line leads from the outlet of the gas scrubber to one or several absorbers 3 optionally connected in series. As regards the module of
It is illustrated in the exemplary embodiment of the module of
It has proved appropriate for the gasket of the stirrer 4, e.g. a sliding ring gasket, to be flushed with chlorine gas in order to avoid corrosion by RuO4 penetrating into the gasket space.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 2008 006 797.0 | Jan 2008 | DE | national |
