BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a table illustrating the gradient condition of the mobile phase of HPLC analysis. The buffer solution was 0.01M K2HPO4, pH 2.5 adjusted by phosphoric acid.
FIG. 2 is a table illustrating the intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision of shikimic acid standard.
FIG. 3 is a table illustrating the mean (±s.e.) shikimic acid recoveries from fruit hulls following three extraction methods (mesic habitat, Nacogdoches, Tex., USA) (solvent: methanol) (%, dry wt).
FIG. 4 is a table illustrating the mean (±s.e.) shikimic acid recoveries from fruit hulls extracted on ASE 200 with different solvents (mesic habitat, Nacogdoches, Tex., USA) (%, dry wt).
FIG. 5 is a table illustrating the mean (±s.e.) shikimic acid recoveries from yellow leaves following two extraction methods (wet habitat, Nacogdoches, Tex., USA) (solvent: DI water) (%, dry wt).
FIG. 6 is a table illustrating the mean (±s.e.) shikimic acid recoveries from tissues of different species and varieties of Liquidambar (wet habitat, Nacogdoches, Tex., USA) (solvent: DI water) (%, dry wt).
FIG. 7 is a table illustrating the mean (±s.e.) shikimic acid recoveries from L. styraciflua trees from different habitats (Nacogdoches, Tex., USA) (solvent: DI water) (%, dry wt).
FIG. 8 is a table illustrating the mean (±s.e.) shikimic acid recoveries from L. styraciflua tissues following different extraction methods (%, dry wt).
FIG. 9 is a table illustrating the mean (±s.e.) shikimic acid recoveries from different aged leaves of L. styraciflua (Nacogdoches, Tex., USA) (solvent: DI water) (%, dry wt).
FIG. 10 is a table illustrating the mean (±s.e.) shikimic acid recoveries from leaves of parent tree and coppice offspring (mesic habitat, Nacogdoches, Tex., USA) (solvent: DI water) (%, dry wt).
FIG. 11 is a table illustrating the mean (±s.e.) shikimic acid recoveries from coppice trees following a prescribed burn (mesic habitat, Nacogdoches, Tex., USA) (solvent: DI water) (%, dry wt).
FIG. 12 is a graph illustrating the mean (±s.e.) shikimic acid recoveries from L. styraciflua fruit hulls at different extraction temperatures (mesic habitat, Nacogdoches, Tex., USA) (solvent: DI water) (%, dry wt).
FIG. 13 is table illustrating the recoveries of shikimic acid from L. styraciflua green leaves extracted with room temperature or boiling water (mesic habitat, Nacogdoches, Tex., USA) (solvent: DI water) (%, dry wt) FIG. 14 is a table illustrating the mean (±s.e.) shikimic acid recoveries of L. styraciflua fruit hulls extracted under different ASE conditions (mesic habitat, Nacogdoches, Tex., USA) (solvent: methanol) (%, dry wt).
FIG. 15 is a flow chart illustrating a simple and fast method for detecting shikimic acid from plant materials.
FIG. 16 is a graph illustrating the mean (±s.e.) shikimic acid recoveries in L. styraciflua green leaves (diamond) and L. styraciflua ‘Texas Star’ yellow leaves (triangle) at different extraction times at room temperature (21-23° C.) (wet habitat, Nacogdoches, Tex., USA) (solvent: DI water) (%, dry wt).
FIG. 17 is a table illustrating the mean (±s.e.) shikimic acid recoveries in L. styraciflua green leaves following agitation over different extraction times at room temperature (wet habitat, Nacogdoches, Tex., USA) (solvent: DI water) (%, dry wt).
FIG. 18 is a graph illustrating the mean (±s.e.) shikimic acid recoveries in L. styraciflua green leaves using different solvent volumes (wet habitat, Nacogdoches, Tex., USA) (solvent: DI water) (%, dry wt).
FIG. 19 is a table illustrating the mean (±s.e.) shikimic acid recoveries from yellow leaves of L. styraciflua ‘Texas Star’ (wet habitat, Nacogdoches, Tex., USA) (solvent: DI water) (%, dry wt).
FIG. 20 is a graph illustrating the elution curve of shikimic acid extract from yellow leaves of L. styraciflua ‘Texas star’ on ion exchange resin (Amberlite IRA-400) column (%, dry wt).
FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram for shikimic acid extraction from Liquidambar tissues.
FIG. 22 is table illustrating the recoveries of shikimic acid from L. styraciflua coppice following cutting extracted with room temperature or boiling water (wet habitat, Nacogdoches, Tex., USA) (solvent: DI water) (%, dry wt)
FIG. 23 is table illustrating the recoveries of shikimic acid from different trees of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) extracted with room temperature or boiling water (Nacogdoches, Tex., USA) (solvent: DI water) (%, dry wt)
FIG. 24 is table illustrating the recoveries of shikimic acid from some other species of pines (Pinus) extracted with room temperature or boiling water (Nacogdoches, Tex., USA) (solvent: DI water) (%, dry wt)
FIG. 25 is table illustrating the recoveries of shikimic acid from different species and cultivars of cedars (Cedrus) extracted with room temperature or boiling water (dry habitat, Nacogdoches, Tex., USA) (solvent: DI water) (%, dry wt)
FIG. 26 is table illustrating the recoveries of shikimic acid from different families of conifers extracted with room temperature or boiling water (Nacogdoches, Tex., USA) (solvent: DI water) (%, dry wt).
Patent Application
20070161818
