Patent Application
20080168149
The present disclosure relates generally to electronic communications and, more particularly, to network communications.
Email clients have been used extensively as a digital communications medium between two parties. Email clients have incorporated rule-based processing in order to facilitate organization of incoming email messages. One such example of a rule-based processing system and method is provided in U.S. Pat. No. 5,917,489 (hereinafter “the '489 patent”), by Thurlow et al., which issued on Jun. 29, 1999. In that system, a “rules wizard” is provided to an email user, thereby permitting the user to select various permutations of conditions, actions, and exceptions. Since the conditions, actions, and exceptions are described in detail in the '489 patent, further discussion of conditions, actions, and exceptions is omitted here.
While a “rules wizard” facilitates the organization of email messages, the functionality of the “rules wizard” is limited to the known subset of conditions, actions, exceptions, and various permutations thereof, which are defined for the particular email client. Additionally, the available set of rules is limited to processing email communications. Hence, those rules only provide organization mechanisms within the realm of email messages.
In view of the limitations of existing “rules wizards,” a heretofore unaddressed need exists in the industry.
The present disclosure provides for processing rules for digital messages.
Briefly described, some embodiments are directed to determining whether an email message meets a predefined condition, and executing an action in an instant messaging (IM) system in response to determining that the email message meets the predefined condition.
Other embodiments are directed to providing a programming interface, and storing inputs provided by a user at the programming interface. For those embodiments, the programming interface is adapted to receive user input in the form of a markup language. The inputs comprise a condition and an action.
Yet other embodiments are directed to determining whether a digital message meets a predefined condition, and executing a filtering algorithm on the digital message in response to determining that the digital message does not meet the predefined condition. The digital message may be, for example, an email message or an IM message
Other systems, devices, methods, features, and advantages will be or become apparent to one with skill in the art upon examination of the following drawings and detailed description. It is intended that all such additional systems, methods, features, and advantages be included within this description.
Many aspects of the disclosure can be better understood with reference to the following drawings. The components in the drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the present disclosure. Moreover, in the drawings, like reference numerals designate corresponding parts throughout the several views.
Reference is now made in detail to the description of the embodiments as illustrated in the drawings. While several embodiments are described in connection with these drawings, there is no intent to limit the disclosure to the embodiment or embodiments disclosed herein. On the contrary, the intent is to cover all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents.
In order to remedy some of the deficiencies of prior systems, various embodiments for processing rules are presented herein. In some embodiments, integration of email and instant messaging (IM) are shown in the context of processing rules for digital messages. For example, in some embodiments, actions are performed in IM when a condition is met in email. In a specific example, when an email message is received from a particular sender, the system may determine whether that sender is present on the Internet, and automatically launch an IM chat session with the sender if that sender is present.
In other embodiments, a programming interface is provided so that a user may customize specific conditions and actions, rather than merely selecting various permutations of predefined conditions and actions. In this regard, greater flexibility is provided to the user. In a specific example, the programming interface may be amenable to user input in the form of a markup language, such as Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) or Extensible Markup Language (XML). Thus, if a user is sufficiently adept at programming in these languages, that user may vastly expand the content of the rules for processing digital messages.
In other embodiments, a filtering algorithm is integrated with the rule engine, thereby providing an additional layer of functionality. For example, an email application may be configured to perform a Bayesian filtering of all incoming email messages in the absence of an indication to the contrary. In other words, the email application combines both a user-definable rules-based approach and a standard-algorithm-based approach to filtering digital messages. In this regard, filtering power is improved by combining the two separate approaches. Greater details of such systems and methods are provided below.
In the operating environment shown in
While not explicitly shown, it should be appreciated that the other workstations 172, 174 may also include similar components that facilitate computation or execution of applications on the workstations 172, 174. In some embodiments, the local storage device 188 may be a hard drive configured to electronically store data. The local storage device 188 may also store computer programs that execute on the recipient workstation 176. In this sense, the processor 182 is configured to access any program that is stored on the local storage device 188, and execute the program with the assistance of the memory 184.
In the embodiment of
Since the functioning of computing devices is well known in the art, further discussion of the processor 182, the memory 184, and the local storage device 188 are omitted here. However, it should be appreciated that the memory 184 may be either volatile or non-volatile memory.
The network interface 190 is configured to provide an interface between the recipient workstation 176 and the network. Thus, the network interface 190 provides the interface for the workstation 176 to receive any data that may be entering from the network and, also, to transmit any data from the workstation 176 to the network. Specifically, in some embodiments, the network interface 190 is configured to permit communication between each of the workstations 172, 174, 176 and the server 150 and, additionally, to permit communication among the workstations 172, 174, 176 themselves. In this regard, the network interface 190 may be a modem, a network card, or any other interface that interfaces each of the workstations 172, 174, 176 to the network. Since various network interfaces are known in the art, further discussion of these components is omitted here. It should be understood that various aspects of the email application 181 may be conventional or may be custom tailored to specific needs.
Similar to the workstation 176, the server 150 may also include a processor 152, a memory 154, a network interface 160, and a local hard drive 158, which are in communication with each other over a local bus 156. Since the components 152, 154, 156, 158, 160 at the server 150 perform largely similar functions as the components 182, 184, 186, 188, 190 at the workstation 176, further discussion of the server-side components is omitted here.
An example of a conventional rule engine is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,057,841 (hereinafter “the '841 patent”), issued to Thurlow et al. and assigned to Microsoft® Corporation. The '841 patent is incorporated herein by reference as if set forth in its entirety. Unlike the '841 patent, the embodiments below provide integration between email and IM. Since systems and methods for integrating email and IM are described in greater detail in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/325,268 and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/274,408, only a truncated discussion of the integration of IM and email is provided here. By integrating IM and email as taught in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/325,268 and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/274,408, the universe of rules in the '841 patent may be extended from the closed set of rules, which only relate to email, to a vaster set of rules, which encompasses both email and IM. Example embodiments of rules that encompass both email and IM are shown with reference to
Another distinction is that, unlike the '841 patent, various embodiments of the present disclosure integrate a filtering algorithm in conjunction with a rules-based approach. Thus, while the '841 patent operates in a closed set of predefined rules, some embodiments of the present disclosure supplement the set of rules with additional filtering processes, such as, for example, Bayesian filters. In this regard, a more powerful filtering engine is provided to the email user. Since additional filtering algorithms, such as Bayesian filters, are described in greater detail in 10/610,736, filed on Jun. 30, 2003, [attorney docket no. 190250-1300], titled “Identifying Undesired Email Messages Having Attachments,” and [attorney docket no. 190250-1610], titled “Phonetic Filtering of Undesired Email Messages,” further discussion of additional filtering algorithms is omitted here. Example embodiments having combined rules and filtering algorithms are provided with reference to
Yet another distinction between the '841 patent and the various embodiments described herein is that, unlike the '841 patent, the embodiments of the inventive email and IM applications provide a programming interface 185 that permits expansion of the set of rules. In other words, the '841 patent only provides a limited set of conditions, actions, and exceptions from which the user may select various permutations. To the contrary, the programming interface 185, described in greater detail below, provides a user interface in which conditions, actions, and exceptions may be customized or programmed directly by the user. In this regard, the user may exponentially extend the set of rules to accommodate almost every need. Example embodiments that provide programming interfaces are shown with reference to
Also, unlike the '841 patent, which stores all of the condition, actions, and exceptions in a proprietary language and links these with the mail application programming interface (MAPI) and operating system, various embodiments of this disclosure store the conditions, actions, and exceptions using a markup language, such as, for example, Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) or Extensible Markup Language (XML). In this regard, rules in some of the embodiments of this disclosure are portable to other operating systems and environments. An example XML-based rule engine may be configured to perform one or more actions when an email message is received, and the email message matches one or more conditions defined by the rule. In some embodiments, the rule engine may be developed using Microsoft Visual C++7.0 and the Active Template Library (ATL) version 7.0, in accordance with known methods. Since one example of an acceptable mechanism for discerning whether an email message matches a condition is described in great detail in the '841 patent, further discussion of that mechanism is omitted here.
In some embodiments, the data required to define a rule may include a rule identifier (ID), a rule type, a condition (also referred to herein as a “rule criterion” or, simply, “criterion”), and an action (also referred to herein as “rule action”).
The rule ID uniquely identifies each rule. In this regard, a new rule ID is assigned to each newly-created rule. Preferably, the rule ID is assigned by the system and, upon assignment, maintained and tracked by the system using, for example, a database or a lookup table. In a preferred embodiment, the rule ID is a text representation of a 6-digit number used to identify a rule.
The rule type identifies the origin of the rule, and is designed to determine the source and/or purpose of the rule. In some embodiments, the rule type may include system rules, personal rules, SPAM rules, and parental control rules (also referred to as “child” rules).
The system rules are preferably rules that may be defined by the vendor of a particular email application or a particular IM application. In this regard, the system rules may be rules that are pre-packaged with the particular email or IM software.
The personal rules may be user-defined rules, which may be defined with the assistance of the particular email or IM application. In this regard, some personal rules may be defined using a “rules wizard” somewhat similar to that described in the '841 patent. Other personal rules may be defined using the programming interface 185, which permits customized code writing by the user.
The SPAM rules relate to filtering algorithms that may be used in conjunction with system rules or personal rules. Thus, the SPAM rules may be invoked in response to a particular condition being met.
The child rules relate to parental control functionality. In this regard, the child rules may be accessible by users having predefined access levels. For example, if both a parent and a child share the same computer and email application, then the child rules may be invoked or disabled only by the parent. In this regard, the parent may prevent the child from disabling certain rules.
The rule criterion (or condition) is used to determine whether or not to apply a particular rule. In some embodiments, the rule criterion may include two parts: (1) rule criterion type; and (2) rule criterion data. In other words, if the rule criterion is implemented in XML, then the rule criterion may have an XML tag as the criterion type and an argument associated with the XML tag as the rule criterion data. The following CHART 1 provides, among others, example rule criterion types, their corresponding rule criterion data, and the description of the criterion data. The rule criterion types are identified by their corresponding XML tags.
The rule action is the action that will be performed if its corresponding condition is met. Similar to the rule criterion, the rule action may include two parts: (1) rule action type; and (2) rule action data. Thus, if the rule action is implemented in XML, then the rule action may have an XML tag as the action type and an argument associated with the XML tag as the rule action data. The following CHART 2 provides, among others, example rule action types, their corresponding rule action data, and the description of the action data. The rule action types are identified by their corresponding XML tags.
In some embodiments, the rules may be stored on the local system in an XML-based text file. For the embodiments described above, the root node for the XML-based text file is a “RULE” tag (e.g., <RULE . . . >). In those embodiments, the RULE tag has value pairs for rule ID (e.g., ruleID=“001001”), rule type (e.g., ruleType=“System”), and order (e.g., order=“1”). The order value pair determines the order in which to execute the rule.
The “CRITERIA” tag (e.g., “<CRITERIA>”) and the “ACTION” tag (e.g., “<ACTION>”), which identify the condition and the action, respectively, may be located under the RULE tag. Optionally, an “EXCEPTION” tag may also exist under the RULE tag, thereby providing any exceptions to the rule. Similar to the CRITERIA tag and the ACTION tag, the EXCEPTION tag may be defined by value pairs. The CRITERIA tag describes the condition for which the rule will be executed. The ACTION tag describes the action that will be performed if the CRITERIA is met. The EXCEPTION tag describes the case when the rule will not be executed.
If multiple CRITERIA tags exist within a rule, then an “operator” value pair may be provided, in order to define whether the conditions should be met in the conjunctive (“and”) or in the disjunctive (“or”). In other words, the operator value pair determines how to logically bind the conditions. In some embodiments, if an operator value pair is not supplied, then the default value may be the conjunctive “and” operation. In other embodiments, the default may be set to the “or” operation.
Thus, for example, a rule may appear as follows:
In the example rule, the ruleID of 001001 uniquely identifies the rule. The example rule is a system rule, which, for example, is provided by the vendor. Additionally, this rule has an order of “1” (i.e., order=“1”), which indicates that this rule should be processed prior to processing other rules.
In the example rule, the condition (i.e., <CRITERIA>) for performing an action is the text “XXX” (i.e., data=“XXX”) being found in either the text body (i.e., BODYKEY) of the digital message or (i.e., operator=“OR”) the text “XXX” being found in the subject line (i.e., SUBJECTKEY) of the digital message.
The rule should not be executed if the digital message is received from foo@foo.com (i.e., FROMADDR data=“foo@foo.com”). Thus, if either of those conditions are met, and the digital message is not from foo@foo.com, then, for the example rule, the corresponding action results in deletion of the email message (i.e., <DELETE></DELETE>) and reporting of the email as SPAM (i.e., <SPAM></SPAM).
Having described several embodiments of rule syntax and storage,
In another embodiment, the user interface may be one or more graphical user interfaces that query the user for input. In some embodiments, multiple user interfaces are sequentially presented to the user, with each user interface querying the user for a specific piece of information. For example, as shown in
In some embodiments, when the filter is turned “on,” additional options for filter settings are provided. For example, options may be provided to create or edit a “block list” or an “allow list.” The block list includes email addresses of specific senders from whom the user chooses not to receive any email messages. The allow list includes email addresses of specific senders from whom the user will always receive email messages. Since various example implementations of both the block list and the allow list would be understood by those skilled in the art after reading the present disclosure, including documents incorporated herein by reference, further discussion of the block list and the allow list is omitted here.
In addition to the block list and the allow list, the sensitivity of the filter may be adjusted. In some embodiments, the filter is implemented as a Bayesian filter, which is known by those having ordinary skill in the art, as evidenced by publications such as, for example, “A Plan for Spam” by Paul Graham, published at http://www.paulgraham.com/spam.html, in August of 2002 (also referred to herein as “the Graham article”), which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. As known to those skilled in the art, the sensitivity of the Bayesian filters (or other similar filters) may be varied by assigning various weights to the filtering functions. Since the underlying mechanism for varying of the sensitivity of filters is known in the art, further discussion of the underlying mechanism is omitted here. However, unlike conventional approaches, several embodiments of the present disclosure provide a user-friendly approach to varying the sensitivity of the filter. For example, in conventional approaches, the various weights are directly adjusted by the user, who inputs specific numeric values as weights to the functions.
In contrast to the conventional approaches, the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a user-friendly interactive interface in which a user is queried in plain English for various settings. For example, rather than providing specific numeric weights, the user is queried for whether the filter should have a “high” sensitivity or a “low” sensitivity. This query may be in the form of a “sliding scale” on a graphical user interface, similar to that shown in
While a filtering rule has been described in great detail above, it should be appreciated that other rules may be established in a similar manner. For example, user-friendly, plain-English, interactive interfaces may be provided to the user for establishing rules that save messages into various folders. Similarly, for other embodiments, user-friendly interactive interfaces may be provided for establishing rules that launch instant messaging (IM) chat sessions with email senders. These, and various other functions, are shown with reference to
For rules that are written in XML and stored in an XML database, it should be appreciated that the rules, once established and stored, may be accessed by a user through, for example, a text editor. Alternatively, the rules may, in other embodiments, be accessed by a user through a menu-driven mechanism. Since text editors and menu-driven mechanisms are known in the art, further discussion of such mechanisms and editors is omitted here. Once accessed, the user may selectively edit, delete, rename, etc. the rules as desired.
As shown in the embodiment of
For example, if the user does not wish to additionally filter an email message from foo@foo.com, then foo@foo.com will be an entry in the predefined list. Thus, if the extracted Internet address of the sender is foo@foo.com, then the additional filtering algorithm is not executed on that email message.
As shown in the various embodiments above, by providing a versatile rule engine, the functionality for both email and IM applications is increased.
The email application 181, the IM application 183, the programming interface 185, and the command execution logic 187 may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the preferred embodiment(s), the email application 181, the IM application 183, the programming interface 185, and the command execution logic 187 are each implemented in software or firmware that is stored in a memory and that is executed by a suitable instruction execution system. If implemented in hardware, as in an alternative embodiment, the email application 181, the IM application 183, the programming interface 185, and the command execution logic 187 can be implemented with any or a combination of the following technologies, which are all well known in the art: a discrete logic circuit(s) having logic gates for implementing logic functions upon data signals, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) having appropriate combinational logic gates, a programmable gate array(s) (PGA), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), etc. In this regard, it should be appreciated that the IM application 183 may include presence-determination logic, IM-chat-initiation logic, and other structures that are specifically configured to carry out relevant IM functions. Similarly, it should be appreciated that the email application 181 may include condition-determination logic, information-extraction logic, and other structures that are specifically configured to carry out relevant email functions. Likewise, it should be appreciated that the programming interface 185 may include program-interface logic, which provides the structural components that are configured to render a user interface to receive user input, and other relevant structures that are specifically configured to carry out the various functions of the programming interface 185.
Any process descriptions or blocks in flow charts should be understood as representing modules, segments, or portions of code which include one or more executable instructions for implementing specific logical functions or steps in the process, and alternate implementations are included within the scope of the preferred embodiment of the present disclosure in which functions may be executed out of order from that shown or discussed, including substantially concurrently or in reverse order, depending on the functionality involved, as would be understood by those reasonably skilled in the art of the present disclosure.
The email application 181, the IM application 183, the programming interface 185, and the command execution logic 187 may be computer programs, which comprise ordered listings of executable instructions for implementing logical functions. As such, these programs may be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, processor-containing system, or other system that can fetch the instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device and execute the instructions. In the context of this document, a “computer-readable medium” can be any means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The computer-readable medium can be, for example but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, device, or propagation medium. More specific examples (a nonexhaustive list) of the computer-readable medium would include the following: an electrical connection (electronic) having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette (magnetic), a random access memory (RAM) (electronic), a read-only memory (ROM) (electronic), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) (electronic), an optical fiber (optical), and a portable compact disc read-only memory (CDROM) (optical). Note that the computer-readable medium could even be paper or another suitable medium upon which the program is printed, as the program can be electronically captured via, for instance, optical scanning of the paper or other medium, then compiled, interpreted or otherwise processed in a suitable manner if necessary, and then stored in a computer memory.
Although exemplary embodiments have been shown and described, it will be clear to those of ordinary skill in the art that a number of changes, modifications, or alterations to the disclosure as described may be made. All such changes, modifications, and alterations should therefore be seen as within the scope of the disclosure.
This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/686,433, filed Oct. 14, 2003, which is incorporated herein by reference as if set forth in its entirety. This application also incorporates by reference the following applications, as if they were set forth in their entireties: U.S. patent application having Ser. No. 10/274,405, filed Oct. 18, 2002; U.S. patent application having Ser. No. 10/274,408, filed Oct. 18, 2002; U.S. patent application having Ser. No. 10/274,478, filed Oct. 18, 2002; U.S. patent application having Ser. No. 10/325,268, filed Dec. 19, 2002; U.S. patent application having Ser. No. 10/610,736, filed Jun. 30, 2003; U.S. provisional patent application having Ser. No. 60/411,336, filed Sep. 17, 2002; U.S. provisional patent application having Ser. No. 60/411,438, filed Sep. 17, 2002; U.S. provisional patent application having Ser. No. 60/416,916, filed Oct. 8, 2002; U.S. provisional patent application having Ser. No. 60/419,613, filed Oct. 17, 2002; U.S. provisional patent application having Ser. No. 60/426,145, filed Nov. 14, 2002; U.S. provisional patent application having Ser. No. 60/426,146, filed Nov. 14, 2002; U.S. provisional patent application having Ser. No. 60/426,422, filed Nov. 14, 2002; U.S. provisional patent application having Ser. No. 60/426,432, filed Nov. 14, 2002; and U.S. provisional patent application having Ser. No. 60/426,440, filed Nov. 14, 2002. Additionally, U.S. application Ser. Nos. 10/685,686, titled “Identifying Undesired Email Messages Having Attachments,” filed on Oct. 14, 2003; 10/686,346, titled “Filtered Email Differentiation,” filed on Oct. 14, 2003; and 10/685,558, titled “Phonetic Filtering of Undesired Email Messages,” filed on Oct. 14, 2003, are also incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 10686433 | Oct 2003 | US |
| Child | 12051633 | US |
