Patent Grant
9221186
Embodiments of the present invention relate to methods and apparatus for harvesting produce. In particular, methods may be utilized for automated trimming and coring operations.
Modern farming techniques provide many automated methods for harvesting produce. Automated methods have resulted in more efficient utilization of farming resources. For example, automated methods have increased uniformity and quality in produce processing while simultaneously reducing the number of personnel required for accomplishing that production. As a result of automation, delivery of plentiful and low cost products to market is made possible.
In some farming processes, however, some manual labor is still required. For example, in harvesting delicate produce such as leafy vegetables—hand picking, sorting, and processing is still being utilized in field. In a typical field, numerous personnel are required to maintain harvesting production. As may be appreciated, the costs associated with managing large workforces directly affect market prices. In addition, human error and inconsistency may result, in some examples, in non-uniform production which could adversely affect consumer satisfaction.
At least one problem associated with harvesting delicate produce automatically is that the produce may be easily damaged. For example, lettuce is one type of delicate produce. During production, lettuce must be sufficiently secured without damaging the leaves which is the end product. In many cases, field processing may be desirable to lower overall production costs, however, equipment must be both sufficiently robust to handle field environments as well as sufficiently sensitive to handle produce without damage—two goals which are often in direct opposition with one another.
Another problem in harvesting delicate produce automatically is that selection of viable produce is critical. Typically, a laborer examines a head of lettuce to determine whether the produce is viable as a market product. The laborer may then accept or reject the produce before harvesting. However, viability is necessarily a subjective assessment and is thus continually subject to human error. As may be appreciated, these errors may lead either to non-viable product reaching market, or viable product being lost in the field.
As such produce processing apparatus are presented herein.
The following presents a simplified summary of some embodiments of the invention in order to provide a basic understanding of the invention. This summary is not an extensive overview of the invention. It is not intended to identify key/critical elements of the invention or to delineate the scope of the invention. Its sole purpose is to present some embodiments of the invention in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented below.
As such, produce processing apparatuses are presented including: a number of paddles coupled with a rotating conveyor system configured for capturing and securing produce along a first position; a counter-rotating compression belt system for compressing the produce along a second position, where the counter-rotating compression belt system is configured to apply a compressive force to the produce such that the produce is secured, and where the counter-rotating compression belt system includes a belt that is counter-rotating and synchronized with respect to the rotating conveyor system; and a cutting system including a rotary coring blade assembly positioned along a path of the rotating conveyor system, where the rotary coring blade assembly is positioned and configured to core the produce along a third position. In some embodiments, the rotary coring blade assembly further includes: at least one coring blade, the at least coring blade including a core blade edge aligned along a core blade leading edge of a first portion of the at least one coring blade, where the first portion is formed to provide a first coring shape to core the produce; a first proximal attachment point for attaching the at least one coring blade with a rotatable coring shaft; and a first distal attachment point for attaching the at least one coring blade with the rotatable coring shaft, where the rotatable coring shaft includes a number of coupling members for removably securing the at least one coring blade at the first proximal attachment point and the first distal attachment point. In some embodiments, the cutting system further includes: a coring drive in mechanical communication with the rotatable coring shaft for driving the at least one cutting blade through a rotational path. In some embodiments, a coring counterweight coupled with the rotatable coring shaft for balancing the cutting system when only one coring blade is utilized. In some embodiments, a second of the at least one coring blade is formed to provide a second coring shape selected from the group consisting of: a similar coring shape, a dissimilar coring shape, and a complimentary coring shape. In some embodiments, the first coring shape and the second coring shape is a shape such as a vee shape, an arcuate shape, a semi-arcuate shape, a rectangular shape, and a semi-rectangular shape. In some embodiments, apparatuses further include: a rotary trimming blade assembly positioned along the path of the rotating conveyor system, the rotary trimming blade assembly including, at least one trimming blade, where the at least one trimming blade further includes: at least one trim blade edge aligned along a trim blade leading edge of a second portion of the at least one trimming blade, where the second portion is formed to provide a first trimming shape to trim the produce, a second proximal attachment point for attaching the at least one trimming blade with a rotatable trimming shaft, and a second distal attachment point for attaching the at least one trimming blade with the rotatable trimming shaft, where the rotatable trimming shaft includes a number of coupling members for securing the at least one trimming blade at the second proximal attachment point and the second distal attachment point. In some embodiments, the produce includes a romaine lettuce head, an iceberg lettuce head, a butterhead lettuce head, a summertime lettuce head, a cabbage head, a bok choy head, an escarole lettuce head, a radicchio lettuce heat, a broccoli head, a cauliflower head, a broccoflower head, a celery bunch, and a carrot bunch. In some embodiments, apparatuses further include: a rinse system along a fourth position for rinsing a trimmed and cored produce, where the rinse system includes a rinse selected from the group consisting of: a water rinse, a saline rinse, a chemical rinse, and an air rinse. In some embodiments, apparatuses further include: a first optical detection device along the first position for detecting viability of the produce, the optical detection device configured to function in coordination with a first produce rejection system along the first position, where the produce is removed from the rotating conveyor system if the produce is not viable. In some embodiments, apparatuses further include: a second optical detection device along fourth position for detecting viability of the produce, the optical detection device configured to function in coordination with a second produce rejection system where the produce is removed from the rotating conveyor system if the produce is not viable.
In other embodiments, methods for coring and trimming produce are presented, the methods including: receiving severed produce on a rotating conveyor system along a first position, the rotating conveyor system including a number of paddles for capturing and securing the severed produce; compressing the severed produce with a counter-rotating compression belt system configured to apply a compressive force to the severed produce such that the severed produce is secured; and transporting the severed produce through a cutting system including, the cutting system including, at least one coring blade positioned along a path of the rotating conveyor system, where the at least one coring blade is positioned and configured to core the severed produce along a second position, and at least one trimming blade positioned along the path of the rotating conveyor system, where the at least one trimming blade is positioned and configured to trim the severed produce along a third position; and releasing a cored and trimmed produce to a collection point. In some embodiments, the at least one coring blade further includes: at least one core blade edge aligned along a core blade leading edge of a first portion of the at least one coring blade, where the first portion is formed to provide a first coring shape to core the produce; a first proximal attachment point for attaching the at least one coring blade with a rotatable coring shaft; and a first distal attachment point for attaching the at least one coring blade with the rotatable coring shaft, where the rotatable coring shaft includes a number of coupling members for removably securing the at least one coring blade at the first proximal attachment point and the first distal attachment point, and where the at least one trimming blade further includes: at least one trim blade edge aligned along a trim blade leading edge of a second portion of the at least one trimming blade, where the second portion is formed to provide a first trimming shape to trim the produce; a second proximal attachment point for attaching the at least one trimming blade with a rotatable trimming shaft; and a second distal attachment point for attaching the at least one trimming blade with the rotatable trimming shaft, where the rotatable trimming shaft includes a number of coupling members for securing the at least one trimming blade at the second proximal attachment point and the second distal attachment point. In some embodiments, methods further include aligning the severed produce with the rotating conveyor system along the first position. In some embodiments, methods further include optically detecting viability of the severed produce before the compressing the severed produce; and rejecting the severed produce if the severed produce is not viable. In some embodiments, methods further include optically detecting viability of the trimmed and cored produce after the transporting the severed produce through a cutting system; and rejecting the trimmed and cored produce if the trimmed and cored produce is not viable. In some embodiments, methods further include rinsing the trimmed and cored severed produce, where the rinsing includes: a water rinse, a saline rinse, a chemical rinse, and an air rinse.
In other embodiments, produce processing apparatuses are presented including: a number of annular cups coupled with a rotating conveyor system configured for capturing and securing produce along a first position; a cutting system including a rotary coring blade assembly positioned along a path of the rotating conveyor system, where the rotary coring blade assembly is positioned and configured to core the produce along a second position a rotary trimming blade assembly positioned along the path of the rotating conveyor system, where the rotary trimming blade assembly is positioned and configured to core the produce along a third position. In some embodiments, the rotary coring blade assembly further includes: at least one coring blade, the at least coring blade including a core blade edge aligned along a core blade leading edge of a first portion of the at least one coring blade, where the first portion is formed to provide a coring shape to core the produce; a first proximal attachment point for attaching the at least one coring blade with a rotatable coring shaft; and a first distal attachment point for attaching the at least one coring blade with the rotatable coring shaft, where the rotatable coring shaft includes a number of coupling members for removably securing the at least one coring blade at the first proximal attachment point and the first distal attachment point, and where the rotary trimming blade assembly further includes: at least one trim blade edge aligned along a trim blade leading edge of a second portion of the at least one trimming blade, where the second portion is formed to provide a trimming shape to trim the produce, a second proximal attachment point for attaching the at least one trimming blade with a rotatable trimming shaft, and a second distal attachment point for attaching the at least one trimming blade with the rotatable trimming shaft, where the rotatable trimming shaft includes a number of coupling members for securing the at least one trimming blade at the second proximal attachment point and the second distal attachment point.
In other embodiments, methods for processing produce are presented, the methods including: receiving severed produce on a rotating conveyor system along a first position, the rotating conveyor system including a number of annular cups for capturing and securing the severed produce; transporting the severed produce through a cutting system including, the cutting system including, at least one coring blade positioned along a path of the rotating conveyor system, where the at least one coring blade is positioned and configured to core the severed produce along a second position, and at least one trimming blade positioned along the path of the rotating conveyor system, where the at least one trimming blade is positioned and configured to trim the severed produce along a third position; and releasing a cored and trimmed produce to a collection point.
The present invention is illustrated by way of example, and not by way of limitation, in the figures of the accompanying drawings and in which like reference numerals refer to similar elements and in which:
The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to a few embodiments thereof as illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art, that the present invention may be practiced without some or all of these specific details. In other instances, well known process steps and/or structures have not been described in detail in order to not unnecessarily obscure the present invention.
Returning to
Produce processing apparatus 100 may be further configured with counter-rotating compression belt system 130. Counter-rotating compression belt system 130 may be configured to apply a compressive force to produce in order to secure the produce. Sufficient compressive forces should be applied to secure the produce without damaging the produce. As may be appreciated, different produce will require different compressive force to obtain production objectives. For example, a head of leafy produce may require less compressive force than a head of dense produce such as broccoli. As such, counter-rotating compression belt system 130 may be configured with an adjustment mechanism for adjusting compressive forces in some embodiments. In some embodiments, a compressive force in a range of approximately 1 to 40 pounds of downward force may be applied to produce by counter-rotating compression belt system 130. In addition, it may be desirable, in some embodiments, to increase compressive force on produce to account for loss of produce material during processing. As such, compressive force may be increased from a first compressive force in a range of approximately 1 to 40 pounds of downward force to a second compressive force in a range of approximately 5 to 60 pounds of downward force.
Counter-rotating compression belt system 130 may also be configured to move synchronously with conveyor system 112. Synchronous movement ensures that produce may be stabilized for processing. However, in other embodiments, asynchronous movement may be desired when processing requires some rotation of the produce. In those asynchronous embodiments, one or more counter-rotating compression belt systems may be utilized to alternately stabilize and rotate produce. Belts utilized in counter-rotating compression belt systems may be manufactured from a flexible or semi-flexible polymeric compound in some embodiments. As may be appreciated, a clean and sanitary environment is desirable in food processing systems. As such, some polymeric compounds, such as polyurethane or TEFLON™ may be useful in providing a belt for use in counter-rotating compression belt systems without limitation. In other embodiments, a non-corrosive metal belt such as stainless steel belt may be provided without limitation. In other embodiments, a metal coated belt may be provided without limitation. In still other embodiments, a rubber or rubberized belt may be provided without limitation. As above, counter-rotating compression belt systems may be powered by drives such as: an internal combustion engine, an electric motor, a compressed air motor, a hydraulic fluid motor, a wind turbine motor, and a power take off (PTO) motor without limitation and without departing from the present invention. In some embodiments, counter-rotating compression belt systems may be mechanically linked to conveyor systems by means of a gear box or chain such that coordinated movement of the systems may be readily achieved.
Produce processing apparatus 100 may be further configured with a cutting system including a number of cutting blades 120 and 122 for coring and trimming produce. As illustrated blades 120 and 122 are rotating blades. Rotating blades may have some advantages over other methods of processing because blades may be easily serviced to provide clean coring and trimming. In some embodiments, rotating blades may further include a safety shroud (not shown) in order to provide a safe working environment for operators of produce processing apparatus 100. However, in some embodiments, other methods of coring and trimming may be utilized. For example, in some embodiments, a linear action blade, a static blade, a metal wire blade, a laser blade, and a water blade may be utilized without departing from the present invention. As above, counter-rotating cutting blades may be powered by drives such as: an internal combustion engine, an electric motor, a compressed air motor, a hydraulic fluid motor, a wind turbine motor, and a power take off (PTO) motor without limitation and without departing from the present invention.
Produce processing apparatus 100 may be further configured with a rinse system (not shown). It may be appreciated that rinsing produce after processing may be desirable to remove cull or other debris such as insects and soil. Thus, any rinse system known in the art may be utilized without departing from the present invention. In addition, any type of rinse may be utilized including a water rinse, a saline rinse, a chemical rinse, and an air rinse without departing from the present invention.
As produce production becomes more automated, methods of detecting viable produce may be required. In some embodiments, an optical detection device may be utilized to determine viability. These devices may be used before processing when produce is captured by produce processing apparatus 100, after produce is processed by produce processing apparatus 100, or both in some embodiments. Utilization of an optical detection device may improve and assure quality control in some embodiments. As such, any optical detection device known in the art may be utilized without departing from the present invention. In addition, a produce rejection system may be utilized in coordination with an optical detection device to remove produce from produce processing apparatus when the produce is not viable. In some embodiments, a produce rejection system may mechanically eject produce from the apparatus. In other embodiments, an alarm may inform an operator that produce is not viable. In still other embodiments, a log may be recorded to track rejected produce.
When processing is complete, produce may be released from produce processing apparatus 100 at a collection point 140. At that point, produce may be processed or transported in any number of ways. It may be appreciated that by produce processing apparatus 100 may be utilized in the field or out of field without departing from the present invention. Furthermore, embodiments of produce processing apparatus 100 may be truck mounted, trailer mounted, boom mounted, or tractor mounted without limitation. Still further, embodiments may be utilized in coordination with other automated production machinery such as a harvesting machine without limitation.
At a next step 206, the severed head may be captured by a counter-rotating compression belt system (see 312,
At a next step 214, the method trims the severed produce head (see 304,
It may be appreciated that trimming and coring requirements may depend in part upon the type of produce being processed. As noted above, a number of types of produce may be processed utilizing methods described herein. For example, in embodiments, produce such as a romaine lettuce head, an iceberg lettuce head, a butterhead lettuce head, a summertime lettuce head, a cabbage head, a bok choy head, an escarole lettuce head, a radicchio lettuce heat, a broccoli head, a cauliflower head, a broccoflower head, a celery bunch, and a carrot bunch may be processed without limitation.
At a next step 218, the method rinses a trimmed and cored produce head. It may be appreciated that rinsing produce after processing may be desirable to remove cull or other debris such as insects and soil. Thus, any rinse system known in the art may be utilized without departing from the present invention. In addition, any type of rinse may be utilized including a water rinse, a saline rinse, a chemical rinse, and an air rinse without departing from the present invention. At a next step 220, the method determines whether to reject a trimmed and cored produce head. As noted above, optical detection systems may be utilized in some embodiments to detect viability of produce. In some embodiments, produce may be inspected by an operator. Therefore, if the method determines at a step 220 to reject a trimmed and cored produce head, the method continues to a step 222 to eject the trimmed and cored produce head from the conveyor system whereupon the method ends. If the method determines at a step 220 not to reject a trimmed and cored produce head, the method continues to a step 224 to release the trimmed and cored produce head to a collection point.
Additional Embodiments
As noted above,
At a next step 206, the severed head may be compressed by a counter-rotating compression belt system (see 612,
At a next step 214, the method trims the severed produce head (see 604,
It may be appreciated that trimming and coring requirements may depend in part upon the type of produce being processed. As noted above, a number of types of produce may be processed utilizing methods described herein. For example, in embodiments, produce such as a romaine lettuce head, an iceberg lettuce head, a butterhead lettuce head, a summertime lettuce head, a cabbage head, a bok choy head, an escarole lettuce head, a radicchio lettuce heat, a broccoli head, a cauliflower head, a broccoflower head, a celery bunch, and a carrot bunch may be processed without limitation.
At a next step 218, the method rinses a trimmed and cored produce head. It may be appreciated that rinsing produce after processing may be desirable to remove cull or other debris such as insects and soil. Thus, any rinse system known in the art may be utilized without departing from the present invention. In addition, any type of rinse may be utilized including a water rinse, a saline rinse, a chemical rinse, and an air rinse without departing from the present invention. At a next step 220, the method determines whether to reject a trimmed and cored produce head. As noted above, optical detection systems may be utilized in some embodiments to detect viability of produce. In some embodiments, produce may be inspected by an operator. Therefore, if the method determines at a step 220 to reject a trimmed and cored produce head, the method continues to a step 222 to eject the trimmed and cored produce head from the conveyor system whereupon the method ends. If the method determines at a step 220 not to reject a trimmed and cored produce head, the method continues to a step 224 to release the trimmed and cored produce head to a collection point.
In order to more clearly illustrate embodiments of the present invention,
Further, as illustrated, trimming drive 810 may be coupled with rotatable trimming shaft 808 for driving trimming blade 802 through a rotational path. Any number of drives may be utilized in embodiments including an internal combustion engine, an electric motor, a compressed air motor, a hydraulic fluid motor, a wind turbine motor, and a power take off (PTO) motor. In addition, in embodiments, mechanical coupling may be accomplished utilizing a belt drive (illustrated), a gear drive, a chain drive, and a direct drive. Further, in embodiments, trimming drive 810 may be configured to rotate trimming blade in a range of approximately 50 to 10000 RPM. Cutting system 800 may include vertical adjustment 812 for adjusting the height of trimming blade 802 with respect to produce 902 (
As illustrated in
Further, as illustrated, coring drive 810 may be coupled with rotatable coring shaft 858 for driving coring blade 852 through a rotational path. Any number of drives may be utilized in embodiments including an internal combustion engine, an electric motor, a compressed air motor, a hydraulic fluid motor, a wind turbine motor, and a power take off (PTO) motor. In addition, in embodiments, mechanical coupling may be accomplished utilizing a belt drive (illustrated), a gear drive, a chain drive, and a direct drive. Further, in embodiments, coring drive 860 may be configured to rotate coring blade in a range of approximately 50 to 10000 RPM. Cutting system 850 may include vertical adjustment 862 for adjusting the height of coring blade 852 with respect to produce 902 (
As illustrated, rotary coring blade assembly 1010 includes rotatable coring shaft 1022, which shaft rotates about axis of rotation 1028. Coupling members 1014 and 1016 may be configured for receiving at least one coring blade. As illustrated in one embodiment, two coring blades may be attached with coupling members. Coupling member 1014 includes proximal attachment point 1012 which may include a clamping mechanism for easy assembly and removal of coring blade 1020. In some embodiments attachment may be effected by bolting, riveting, or welding without limitation. Likewise coupling member 1016 includes distal attachment point 1018 which may include a clamping mechanism for easy assembly and removal of coring blade 1020. Coring blade 1020 may be configured with coring blade edge 1024, which edge may be aligned along a core blade leading edge. As may be seen from direction of rotation 1026, core blade edge may contact produce 1034 to produce a coring shape 1032 thereby coring the produce. As noted above, in embodiments, coring shapes may include a vee shape, an arcuate shape, a semi-arcuate shape, a rectangular shape, and a semi-rectangular shape. In addition, as is well known in the food processing arts, it is generally desirable to utilize materials that are easily cleaned and sterilized. As such, in embodiments, coring blades may be manufactured from stainless steel compositions, epoxy resin compositions, and polymeric compositions without limitation.
As illustrated, rotary trimming blade assembly 1040 includes rotatable trimming shaft 1052, which shaft rotates about axis of rotation 1058. Coupling members 1044 and 1046 may be configured for receiving at least one trimming blade. As illustrated in one embodiment, two trimming blades may be attached with coupling members. Coupling member 1044 includes proximal attachment point 1042 which may include a clamping mechanism for easy assembly and removal of trimming blade 1050. In some embodiments attachment may be effected by bolting, riveting, or welding without limitation. Likewise coupling member 1046 includes distal attachment point 1048 which may include a clamping mechanism for easy assembly and removal of trimming blade 1050. Trimming blade 1050 may be configured with trimming blade edge 1054, which edge may be aligned along a trim blade leading edge. As may be seen from direction of rotation 1056, trim blade edge may contact produce 1064 to produce a trimming shape 1062 thereby trimming the produce. As noted above, in embodiments, trimming shapes may include a vee shape, an arcuate shape, a semi-arcuate shape, a rectangular shape, and a semi-rectangular shape. In addition, as is well known in the food processing arts, it is generally desirable to utilize materials that are easily cleaned and sterilized. As such, in embodiments, trimming blades may be manufactured from stainless steel compositions, epoxy resin compositions, and polymeric compositions without limitation.
As may be appreciated, alternative conveyance methods may be utilized with coring and trimming blade assemblies as disclosed above without departing from embodiments disclosed herein. For example,
Once produce is secured, annular cups may be conveyed across a path such that produce is brought into contact range of trimming blade assembly 1212, which assembly makes trim 1214 thereby creating a trim shape. In embodiments, trimming shapes may include a vee shape, an arcuate shape, a semi-arcuate shape, a rectangular shape, and a semi-rectangular shape. An illustrative representation of trimmed produce 1242 is illustrated, which representation is rotated 90° with respect to produce 1210 for clarity. Once produce is trimmed, annular cups may be conveyed across a path such that produce is brought into contact range of coring blade assembly 1216, which assembly makes core 1218 thereby creating a core shape. In embodiments, coring shapes may include a vee shape, an arcuate shape, a semi-arcuate shape, a rectangular shape, and a semi-rectangular shape. An illustrative representation of trimmed produce 1244 is illustrated, which representation is rotated 90° with respect to produce 1210 for clarity. It may be noted that although the illustrated apparatus trims first, then cores, embodiments may further include coring first and then trimming or may accomplish trimming and coring at the same time. Furthermore, in the configuration illustrated, produce is positioned vertically with respect to the path of processing. In other embodiments, produce may be rotated to the horizontal with respect to the path of processing whereby coring and trimming apparatuses may be horizontally mounted as in
In order to more clearly illustrate an embodiment as depicted in
While this invention has been described in terms of several embodiments, there are alterations, permutations, and equivalents, which fall within the scope of this invention. It should also be noted that there are many alternative ways of implementing the methods and apparatuses of the present invention. Furthermore, unless explicitly stated, any method embodiments described herein are not constrained to a particular order or sequence. For example, trimming and coring may be performed in any order without departing from the present invention. Still further, optical scanning of produce may be performed at any stage during production. Further, the Abstract is provided herein for convenience and should not be employed to construe or limit the overall invention, which is expressed in the claims. It is therefore intended that the following appended claims be interpreted as including all such alterations, permutations, and equivalents as fall within the true spirit and scope of the present invention.
A claim for priority is hereby made under the provisions of 35 U.S.C. §120 for the present application, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/421,498, filed on Apr. 9, 2009, which is incorporated herein by reference.
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