Patent Application
20240279874
The present disclosure relates to the field of paperboard production.
Paperboard often has several layers, including a top layer intended to be printed, a bottom/reverse layer and at least one middle layer. The top layer is often provided with a pigment coating to improve printing properties. To obtain high bending stiffness at a relatively low consumption of cellulose fibres, the middle layer(s) typically have relatively high bulk (i.e., low density). To achieve high bulk, CTMP is often included in the pulp mixture used to form the middle layer. CTMP is traditionally formed from softwood (e.g., spruce). The type of pulp used for forming the top and the bottom layer has been mainly kraft pulp.
High headbox consistency is generally associated with poor printing properties. This is not only the case for the headbox consistency used for forming the top/printing layer, but also for the headbox consistency used for forming the middle layer arranged below the top/printing layer. Still, it is advisable to have a relatively high headbox consistency in some methods of making paperboard, e.g., when the headbox have a certain design (i.e., the energy-efficient “low turbulence” design used by headbox suppliers Escher Wyss and now Voith), when middle layers of higher grammages are formed and/or to facilitate higher machine speeds.
The present inventors have realized that the printing properties should not be improved by lowering the headbox consistency, but by modifying the composition of the middle layer furnish. However, the modified furnish should still produce a middle layer that meet other paperboard requirements.
Accordingly, there is provided a method of forming a multi-layered paperboard comprising a bottom layer, a top layer and a middle layer arranged between the top layer and the bottom layer, wherein the middle layer is formed from a middle layer furnish comprising at least 30% by dry weight of a HT-CTMP from a mixture of hardwood and softwood, which middle layer furnish is fed to a wire from a middle layer head box in which the consistency is above 0.30%, such as above 0.40%, such as at least 0.43%.
The present disclosure provides a method of forming a multi-layered paperboard comprising a bottom layer, a top layer and a middle layer. As understood by the skilled person, the middle layer is arranged between the top layer and the bottom layer. Normally, the middle layer has a lower density than the top layer and the bottom layer. The top layer is typically intended for printing and may thus be covered by a pigment coating. The pigment coating may have one or more layers, such as one, two or three layers. In one embodiment, also the bottom layer is covered by a pigment coating. The total coat weight (dry) of the pigment coating provided on the top layer may be 10-40 g/m2. The coat weight (dry) of the pigment coating provided on the bottom layer may be 4-15 g/m2, such as 5-10 g/m2. Application of coating compositions is further discussed below.
The method is preferably carried out in a full-scale paperboard machine comprising a forming section, a pressing section and a drying section. The full-scale paperboard machine may further comprise a coating section arranged downstream the drying section. In one embodiment, the full-scale paperboard machine comprises at least on calender arranged downstream the drying section or in a downstream region of the drying section. When the coating section is included, the calender is typically arranged upstream thereof. A full-scale paperboard machine typically produces at least 50,000 tonnes of paperboard per year.
The middle layer is formed from a middle layer furnish comprising at least 30% by dry weight of a HT-CTMP characterized by that it is formed from a mixture of hardwood and softwood. In one embodiment, the middle layer furnish comprises at least 35% by dry weight of the HT-CTMP, such as at least 40% by dry weight of the HT-CTMP. A typical upper limit may be 60% by dry weight.
The hardwood may be aspen, birch or eucalyptus.
The term HT-CTMP (high-temperature chemithermomechanical pulp) refers to CTMP that has, during the production thereof, been heated to a temperature of at least 140° C., preferably of at least 150° C., more preferably of at least 160° C., prior to the refining step.
The Canadian Standard Freeness measured according to ISO 5267-2:2001 of the HT-CTMP may be 500-650 ml, such as 530-630 ml. The HT-CTMP may be bleached.
The middle layer furnish may further comprise broke pulp, such as at least 30% (by dry weight) of a broke pulp, such as at least 40% (by dry weight) of a broke pulp.
The Schopper-Riegler number measured according to ISO 5267-1:1999 of the broke pulp may be 26-34, such as 28-32.
In one embodiment, the middle layer furnish further comprises chemical pulp, such as 5-25% (by dry weight) of a kraft pulp. The kraft pulp may be softwood kraft pulp.
To form the middle layer, the middle layer furnish is fed to a wire from a middle layer head box. In the middle layer head box, the consistency of the middle layer furnish is above 0.30%, such as above 0.40%, such as at least 0.43%. A typical upper limit for the consistency in the middle layer head box is 0.80%, such as 0.70%.
In one embodiment, the mixture comprises 20-80% softwood and 20-80% hardwood. Preferably, the hardwood is included in a higher proportion than the softwood.
In one embodiment, the grammage of the middle layer is at least 130 g/m2, such as at least 140 g/m2, such as at least 145 g/m2. An upper limit may be 210 g/m2. The papermaker knows the grammage of each layer that he/she is producing.
The grammage of the complete multi-layered paperboard (including any pigment coating(s)) may be at least 250 g/m2, such as at least 260 g/m2, such as at least 270 g/m2. An upper limit may be 400 g/m2.
The density (ISO 534:2011) of the complete multi-layered paperboard (including any pigment coating(s)) may be below 800 kg/m3, such as below 750 kg/m3, such as below 725 kg/m3. A lower limit may be 650 kg/m3.
The density (ISO 534:2011) of the middle layer may be below 625 kg/m3, such as below 600 kg/m3.
To separate the middle layer from the multi-layered paperboard and thus facilitate the density measurement, a FORTUNA Bandknife-Splitting Machine (Type AB 320 E/P) can be used. Such a machine that has been customized for paperboard splitting is commercially available and is used by several major companies in the paperboard field.
Alternatively, a surface grinding technique can be used to remove all layers but the middle layer in question. Such a surface grinding is one of the services that are commercially available at RISE Bioeconomy (formerly Innventia) in Stockholm, Sweden.
In one embodiment, the top layer is formed from a top layer furnish comprising at least 50% by dry weigh of kraft pulp, such as at least 80% by dry weigh of kraft pulp. The kraft pulp of the top layer may be bleached.
Further, the top layer furnish may comprise a mixture of hardwood pulp and softwood pulp.
In one embodiment, hardwood kraft pulp constitutes at least 80% by dry weight of the top layer furnish. In another embodiment, hardwood kraft pulp and softwood kraft pulp together constitute at least 80% by dry weight of the top layer furnish
In one embodiment, the bottom layer is formed from a bottom layer furnish comprising at least 50% by dry weigh of kraft pulp, such as at least 70% by dry weigh of kraft pulp. The kraft pulp of the bottom layer is typically softwood kraft pulp or a mixture of hardwood kraft pulp and softwood kraft pulp.
In one embodiment, the multi-layered paperboard comprises more than one middle layer arranged between the top layer and the bottom layer.
The method may comprise a step of online coating the multi-layered paperboard with at least one pigment coating composition. The coating step may comprise several sub-steps. As an example, at least two pigment coating layers may be added to the top layer in at least two sub-steps. Another sub-step may be coating of the bottom layer. Equipment suited for on-line coating of paperboard is known to the skilled person.
An embodiment of the method of the present disclosure was carried out in full scale in a paperboard machine.
To prepare a top layer furnish, bleached hardwood kraft pulp was subjected to LC refining (75 kWh/tonne) resulting in a SR number of 30. Bleached softwood kraft pulp was also subjected to LC refining (150 kWh/tonne) resulting in a SR number of 30. After refining, the pulps were mixed in a 75/25 dry weight ratio (hardwood/softwood). Before the top layer headbox, rosin size (0.9 kg/tonne), alum (2.3 kg/tonne), strength agent (cationic starch, 2.5 kg/tonne), retention starch (3 kg/tonne), retention polymer (75 g/tonne), silica (300 g/tonne) and clay (75 kg/tonne) were added. In the top layer headbox, the consistency was 0.19% and the pH was 6.8.
To prepare a bottom layer furnish, bleached softwood kraft pulp was subjected to LC refining (70 kWh/tonne) resulting in a SR number of 20. Before the bottom layer headbox, rosin size (1.0 kg/tonne), alum (2.3 kg/tonne), strength agent (cationic starch, 2.5 kg/tonne), retention starch (3 kg/tonne), retention polymer (100 g/tonne), silica (300 g/tonne) and clay (20 kg/tonne) were added. In the bottom layer headbox, the consistency was 0.15% and the pH was 6.8.
To prepare a middle layer furnish, bleached softwood kraft pulp was subjected to LC refining (90 kWh/tonne) resulting in a SR number of 20. Further, bleached HT-CTMP formed from a mixture of hardwood and softwood was subjected to LC refining (20 kWh/tonne) resulting in a CSF of 580 ml and broke pulp was refined to the extent it obtained a SR number of 30. After refining, the pulps were mixed in a 15/40/45 dry weight ratio (softwood kraft pulp/CTMP/broke pulp). Before the middle layer headbox, rosin size (2.5 kg/tonne), alum (3.8 kg/tonne), retention starch (3 kg/tonne), retention polymer (100 g/tonne) and silica (350 g/tonne) were added. In the middle layer headbox, the consistency was 0.43% and the pH was 6.8. The wire used for forming the middle layer included a breast roll shaker.
In the wire section, 0.5 g/m2 starch was sprayed to each of the top layer web and the bottom layer web for ply-bond strength. At the end of the wire section, the three individual webs were couched together to form a three-layered web. The wire speed was 583 m/min. In the press section arranged downstream the wire section, the three-layered web was pressed in three nips; a first shoe press nip (490 kN/m) followed by a second shoe press nip (750 kN/m) followed by a hard nip (50 kN/m).
Downstream the press section, the three-layered web was dried in a drying section and then calendered in a hard nip calender at a line load of 30 kN/m. After the calendering, the web was coated in a coating section having four stations. In the first station, which was a metering size press (MSP), 5 g/m2 (dry) of a pigment coating composition was coated onto the top surface. In the second station, which was a blade coater, another 9 g/m2 of a pigment coating composition was coated onto the top surface. In the third station, which was a metering size press (MSP), 7 g/m2 of a pigment coating composition was coated onto the bottom surface. carried out in a drying section. In the fourth station, which was a blade coater, another 9 g/m2 of a pigment coating composition was coated onto the top surface. Hence a total of 23 g/m2 was coated onto the top surface and a total of 7 g/m2 was coated onto the bottom surface.
The properties of the resulting paperboard are presented in table 1 below.
The reference trial was carried out in the same way as the inventive trial presented above, but with the following exceptions:
The properties of the resulting paperboard are presented in table 1 below.
As shown by table 1, the inventive trial resulted in a paperboard of at least comparable and in some cases improved properties when compared to those of the paperboard produced in the reference trial.
In addition, the inventors' impression of the outcome of the inventive trial was that it resulted in the greatest improvement of printing properties they had ever seen in a full-scale machine trial.
The inventors' impression is surprising in view of that the line load in the hard nip calender was reduced in the inventive trial compared to the reference trial and that reduced line load is normally associated with impaired printing properties.
The reduced density shown in table 1 can at least partly be explained by the reduced line load.
Notably, the taste and odour problems sometimes associated with the use of hardwood CTMP were not encountered in the inventive trial.
A panel of 12 people was recruited to visually analyse and score the print quality of seven different samples in a blinded study. Paperboard produced according to the Reference trial described above was used for samples 2 and 3. Sample 2 was obtained from a centre reel. Sample 3 was obtained from an edge reel. Paperboard produced according to the Inventive trial described above was used for samples 4 and 5. A paperboard produced according to the Inventive trial described above, but with a line load of 40 kN/m in the hard nip calender, was used for samples 6 and 7. Samples 4 and 6 were obtained from centre reels and samples 5 and 7 were obtained from edge reels. Sample 1 was obtained from paperboard produced on another paper machine using “traditional” softwood CTMP.
For each sample, two prints were made. The first print was a photograph of a woman. The second print was a photograph of a flower (a dandelion).
For each print, each panelist made pairwise visual comparisons of all samples without any knowledge of the identity of the paperboard (blinded study). For each pair, two points were awarded. If one printed sample was considered to have a better print quality than the other, it was given two points, while the other printed sample was given zero points. If the print qualities were considered to be equal, the samples were given one point each.
For each panelist, the points given to each print of each sample were then summarized (each print of each sample underwent six pairwise comparisons and could thus get from zero (0) to twelve (12) points). The results are presented in tables 2 and 3 below.
Tables 2 and 3 show that the inventive board production undoubtedly resulted in much better print quality than the references. Tables 2 and 3 thus confirm the inventors' impression discussed above.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 21180362.2 | Jun 2021 | EP | regional |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2022/065746 | 6/9/2022 | WO |
