Patent Application
20170137752
The present invention relates to products that comprise malodor reduction compositions and methods of making and using such solid consumer products.
Unscented or scented products are desired by consumers as they may be considered more natural and discreet than scented products. Manufacturers of unscented or scented products for controlling malodors rely on malodor reduction ingredients or other technologies (e.g. filters) to reduce malodors. However, effectively controlling malodors, for example, amine-based malodors (e.g. fish and urine), thiol and sulfide-based malodors (e.g. garlic and onion), C2-C12 carboxylic acid based malodors (e.g. body and pet odor), indole based malodors (e.g. fecal and bad breath), short chain fatty aldehyde based malodors (e.g. grease) and geosmin based malodors (e.g. mold/mildew) may be difficult, and the time required for a product to noticeably reduce malodors may create consumer doubt as to the product's efficacy on malodors. Often times, manufacturers incorporate scented perfumes to help mask these difficult malodors.
Unfortunately, malodor control technologies typically cover up the malodor with a stronger scent and thus interfere with the scent of the perfumed or unperfumed situs that is treated with the malodor control technology. Thus, limited nature of the current malodor control technologies is extremely constraining. Thus what is needed is a broader palette of malodor control technologies so the perfume community can deliver the desired level of character in a greater number of situations/applications. Surprisingly, Applicants recognized that in addition to blocking a malodor's access to a sensory cell, in order to achieve the desired goal, a malodor control technology must leave such sensor cell open to other molecules, for example scent molecules. As a result, such malodor reduction compositions do not unduly interfere with the scent of the perfumed or unperfumed products and the perfumed or unperfumed situs that is treated with the products comprising such malodor control technology.
The present invention relates to products that comprise malodor reduction compositions and methods of making and using such products. Such malodor reduction compositions do not unduly interfere with the scent of the perfumed or unperfumed products comprising such malodor reduction compositions and the perfumed or unperfumed situs that is treated with such products.
As used herein “MORV” is the calculated malodor reduction value for a subject material. A material's MORV indicates such material's ability to decrease or even eliminate the perception of one or more malodors. For purposes of the present application, a material's MORV is calculated in accordance with method found in the test methods section of the present application.
As used herein, the term “perfume” does not include malodor reduction materials. Thus, the perfume portion of a composition does not include, when determining the perfume's composition, any malodor reduction materials found in the composition as such malodor reduction materials are described herein. In short, if a material has a malodor reduction value “MORV” that is within the range of the MORV recited in the subject claim, such material is a malodor reduction material for purposes of such claim.
As used herein “consumer product” means a solid composition for cleaning, treating, and enhancing fabrics
As used herein, “malodor” refers to compounds generally offensive or unpleasant to most people, such as the complex odors associated with bowel movements.
As used herein, “odor blocking” refers to the ability of a compound to dull the human sense of smell.
As used herein, the terms “a” and “an” mean “at least one”.
As used herein, the terms “include”, “includes” and “including” are meant to be non-limiting.
Unless otherwise noted, all component or composition levels are in reference to the active portion of that component or composition, and are exclusive of impurities, for example, residual solvents or by-products, which may be present in commercially available sources of such components or compositions.
All percentages and ratios are calculated by weight unless otherwise indicated. All percentages and ratios are calculated based on the total composition unless otherwise indicated.
It should be understood that every maximum numerical limitation given throughout this specification includes every lower numerical limitation, as if such lower numerical limitations were expressly written herein. Every minimum numerical limitation given throughout this specification will include every higher numerical limitation, as if such higher numerical limitations were expressly written herein. Every numerical range given throughout this specification will include every narrower numerical range that falls within such broader numerical range, as if such narrower numerical ranges were all expressly written herein.
A non-limiting set of suitable malodor reduction materials are provided in the tables below. For ease of use, each material in Tables 1-3 is assigned a numerical indentifier which is found in the column for each table that is designated Number. Table 4 is a subset of Table 1, Table 5 is a subset of Table 2 and Table 6 is a subset of Table 3 and there for Tables 4, 5 and 6 each use the same numerical identifier as found, respectively, in Tables 1-3.
The materials in Tables 1-6 can be supplied by one or more of the following:
Firmenich Inc. of Plainsboro N.J. USA; International Flavor and Fragrance Inc. New York, N.Y. USA; Takasago Corp. Teterboro, N.J. USA; Symrise Inc. Teterboro, N.J. USA; Sigma-Aldrich/SAFC Inc. Carlsbad, Calif. USA; and Bedoukian Research Inc. Danbury, Conn. USA.
Actual MORV values for each material listed in Tables 1-6 above are as follows:
A product, preferably said product is a powder, granule, flake, bar or bead, said product comprising:
In one aspect of said product, said malodor reduction materials have a Fragrance Fidelity Index of from about Fragrance Fidelity Index of less than 3, more preferable less than about 2.5 even more preferably less than about 2 and still more preferably less than about 1 and most preferably 0 or a Fragrance Fidelity Index average of 3 to about 0.001.
In one aspect of said product, said product comprises a perfume.
In one aspect of said product, said composition comprising a weight ratio of parts of malodor reduction composition to perfume of from about 1:20,000 to about 3000:1, preferably from about 1:10,000 to about 1,000:1, more preferably 5,000:1 to about 500:1, most preferably from about 1:15 to about 1:1.
In one aspect of said product, said product comprises one or more malodor reduction materials having a log P greater than 3, preferably greater than 3 but less than 8, preferably said one or more malodor reduction materials are selected from the group consisting of Table 1 materials 1; 2; 3; 7; 9; 10; 11; 13; 14; 18; 21; 22; 23; 25; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 35; 36; 38; 39; 47; 48; 49; 50; 52; 57; 62; 63; 64; 67; 68; 69; 71; 74; 75; 76; 77; 78; 79; 80; 83; 85; 91; 92; 93; 100; 101; 102; 103; 104; 105; 109; 114; 119; 120; 122; 123; 128; 134; 135; 137; 140; 142; 145; 148; 149; 152; 153; 158; 159; 161; 162; 174; 175; 176; 177; 178; 182; 183; 184; 185; 186; 189; 192; 195; 196; 197; 206; 208; 209; 210; 211; 212; 215; 221; 227; 228; 229; 230; 231; 233; 234; 238; 242; 243; 244; 246; 252; 253; 260; 261; 263; 267; 269; 271; 274; 276; 277; 280; 285; 289; 290; 292; 293; 294; 295; 296; 300; 301; 303; 307; 316; 317; 318; 322; 324; 325; 328; 329; 330; 331; 333; 334; 335; 336; 338; 339; 342; 343; 344; 349; 352; 356; 358; 359; 360; 361; 362; 363; 364; 368; 369; 370; 371; 372; 378; 381; 385; 386; 388; 390; 391; 397; 398; 413; 414; 416; 418; 421; 424; 426; 428; 429; 432; 441; 444; 449; 453; 457; 459; 461; 462; 463; 465; 466; 467; 468; 470; 471; 473; 475; 478; 479; 480; 482; 484; 486; 487; 488; 497; 498; 501; 502; 503; 505; 519; 520; 521; 524; 529; 532; 534; 537; 541; 544; 548; 550; 552; 558; 559; 560; 561; 562; 563; 565; 566; 567; 568; 569; 570; 571; 572; 573; 574; 577; 578; 582; 584; 589; 591; 592; 594; 599; 600; 601; 603; 604; 606; 607; 608; 609; 610; 611; 613; 614; 615; 616; 618; 620; 621; 624; 625; 626; 628; 631; 632; 633; 635; 644; 650; 653; 659; 660; 661; 663; 671; 673; 674; 675; 676; 677; 678; 679; 680; 681; 684; 686; 691; 692; 693; 694; 696; 697; 698; 700; 702; 704; 706; 707; 708; 709; 710; 711; 712; 713; 714; 715; 716; 717; 718; 719; 720; 721; 722; 723; 724; 725; 726; 727; 731; 741; 746; 750; 752; 754; 757; 758; 763; 766; 769; 770; 771; 774; 775; 776; 778; 781; 782; 788; 791; 800; 802; 804; 806; 814; 821; 826; 827; 828; 831; 837; 839; 840; 849; 850; 852; 856; 866; 868; 869; 870; 871; 872; 873; 876; 877; 878; 879; 881; 884; 885; 886; 890; 892; 893; 894; 905; 908; 912; 913; 914; 916; 919; 920; 922; 925; 926; 927; 930; 933; 939; 941; 942; 943; 945; 947; 948; 950; 951; 953; 954; 959; 965; 967; 973; 978; 985; 988; 998; 1000; 1003; 1006; 1007; 1008; 1009; 1010; 1016; 1022; 1023; 1024; 1025; 1028; 1029; 1031; 1032; 1033; 1035; 1038; 1045; 1046; 1047; 1053; 1057; 1060; 1062; 1063; 1065; 1067; 1070; 1073; 1075; 1077; 1078; 1082; 1089; 1090; 1093; 1095; 1097; 1099; 1102; 1104; 1105; 1107; 1116; 1120; 1121; 1126; 1129; 1131; 1135; 1136; 1137; 1138; 1140; 1142; 1143; 1144; 1145; 1147; 1148; 1149; Table 2 materials 2; 23; 54/28; 227; 230; 246; 248; 343; 359; 565; 631; 659; 674; 678; 679; 715; 758; 1028; 1097; Table 3 materials 1; 9; 12; 13; 19; 20; 21; 24; 25; 27; 32; 38; 54; 55; 59; 64; 68; 71; 72; 79; 81; 83; 85; 100; 105; 109; 111; 114; 119; 133; 134; 135; 137; 140; 142; 147; 148; 150; 151; 152; 153; 154; 157; 159; 162; 178; 181; 189; 191; 192; 195; 197; 204; 211; 228; 231; 233; 234; 237; 238; 242; 246; 252; 264; 270; 273; 275; 277; 283; 285; 289; 290; 292; 293; 295; 300; 301; 302; 306; 308; 310; 312; 319; 322; 325; 331; 333; 334; 336; 338; 339; 344; 346; 354; 355; 356; 358; 361; 362; 363; 370; 371; 372; 378; 381; 385; 387; 388; 390; 412; 413; 418; 420; 428; 429; 432; 437; 438; 444; 447; 448; 454; 455; 457; 461; 465; 467; 472; 477; 478; 479; 480; 481; 482; 495; 496; 497; 502; 503; 504; 509; 510; 512; 515; 517; 518; 522; 525; 529; 535; 536; 537; 540; 541; 544; 550; 557; 558; 559; 560; 561; 568; 571; 572; 575; 589; 54/15; 594; 599; 600; 602; 604; 609; 619; 620; 625; 626; 633; 641; 644; 645; 650; 653; 662; 667; 672; 673; 675; 676; 681; 686; 687; 693; 697; 698; 700; 703; 704; 706; 707; 716; 717; 718; 722; 725; 744; 745; 746; 757; 769; 771; 779; 782; 799; 806; 819; 820; 827; 828; 836; 838; 839; 847; 850; 875; 878; 879; 880; 881; 888; 889; 890; 891; 893; 899; 900; 901; 903; 909; 912; 914; 920; 922; 930; 939; 940; 941; 945; 947; 948; 953; 954; 958; 959; 960; 965; 967; 971; 986; 987; 994; 995; 998; 1000; 1001; 1003; 1005; 1008; 1009; 1010; 1011; 1017; 1018; 1023; 1031; 1032; 1046; 1047; 1051; 1052; 1053; 1054; 1055; 1057; 1058; 1061; 1062; 1063; 1074; 1075; 1076; 1082; 1088; 1093; 1095; 1099; 1102; 1104; 1105; 1115; 1116; 1120; 1127; 1128; 1134; 1135; 1141; 1147; 1148, 1149, and mixtures thereof; preferably said malodor reduction materials are selected from the group consisting of Table 1 materials 1; 2; 3; 7; 9; 10; 11; 13; 14; 18; 21; 22; 23; 25; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 35; 36; 38; 39; 47; 48; 49; 50; 52; 57; 62; 63; 64; 67; 68; 69; 71; 74; 75; 76; 77; 78; 79; 80; 83; 85; 91; 92; 93; 100; 101; 102; 103; 104; 105; 109; 114; 119; 120; 122; 123; 128; 134; 135; 137; 140; 142; 145; 148; 149; 152; 153; 158; 159; 161; 162; 174; 175; 176; 177; 178; 182; 183; 184; 185; 186; 189; 192; 195; 196; 197; 206; 208; 209; 210; 211; 212; 215; 221; 227; 228; 229; 230; 231; 233; 234; 238; 242; 243; 244; 246; 252; 253; 260; 261; 263; 267; 269; 271; 274; 276; 277; 280; 285; 289; 290; 292; 293; 294; 295; 296; 300; 301; 303; 307; 316; 317; 318; 322; 324; 325; 328; 329; 330; 331; 333; 334; 335; 336; 338; 339; 342; 343; 344; 349; 352; 356; 358; 359; 360; 361; 362; 363; 364; 368; 369; 370; 371; 372; 378; 381; 385; 386; 388; 390; 391; 397; 398; 413; 414; 416; 418; 421; 424; 426; 428; 429; 432; 441; 444; 449; 453; 457; 459; 461; 462; 463; 465; 466; 467; 468; 470; 471; 473; 475; 478; 479; 480; 482; 484; 486; 487; 488; 497; 498; 501; 502; 503; 505; 519; 520; 521; 524; 529; 532; 534; 537; 541; 544; 548; 550; 552; 558; 559; 560; 561; 562; 563; 565; 566; 567; 568; 569; 570; 571; 572; 573; 574; 577; 578; 582; 584; 589; 591; 592; 594; 599; 600; 601; 603; 604; 606; 607; 608; 609; 610; 611; 613; 614; 615; 616; 618; 620; 621; 624; 625; 626; 628; 631; 632; 633; 635; 644; 650; 653; 659; 660; 661; 663; 671; 673; 674; 675; 676; 677; 678; 679; 680; 681; 684; 686; 691; 692; 693; 694; 696; 697; 698; 700; 702; 704; 706; 707; 708; 709; 710; 711; 712; 713; 714; 715; 716; 717; 718; 719; 720; 721; 722; 723; 724; 725; 726; 727; 731; 741; 746; 750; 752; 754; 757; 758; 763; 766; 769; 770; 771; 774; 775; 776; 778; 781; 782; 788; 791; 800; 802; 804; 806; 814; 821; 826; 827; 828; 831; 837; 839; 840; 849; 850; 852; 856; 866; 868; 869; 870; 871; 872; 873; 876; 877; 878; 879; 881; 884; 885; 886; 890; 892; 893; 894; 905; 908; 912; 913; 914; 916; 919; 920; 922; 925; 926; 927; 930; 933; 939; 941; 942; 943; 945; 947; 948; 950; 951; 953; 954; 959; 965; 967; 973; 978; 985; 988; 998; 1000; 1003; 1006; 1007; 1008; 1009; 1010; 1016; 1022; 1023; 1024; 1025; 1028; 1029; 1031; 1032; 1033; 1035; 1038; 1045; 1046; 1047; 1053; 1057; 1060; 1062; 1063; 1065; 1067; 1070; 1073; 1075; 1077; 1078; 1082; 1089; 1090; 1093; 1095; 1097; 1099; 1102; 1104; 1105; 1107; 1116; 1120; 1121; 1126; 1129; 1131; 1135; 1136; 1137; 1138; 1140; 1142; 1143; 1144; 1145; 1147; 1148; 1149; Table 2 materials 2; 23; 185; 227; 230; 246; 248; 343; 359; 565; 631; 659; 674; 678; 679; 715; 758; 1028; 1097 and mixtures thereof; more preferably said malodor reduction materials are selected from the group consisting of Table 4 materials 7; 14; 39; 48; 183; 206; 212; 215; 229; 260; 55/21; 329; 335; 360; 441; 484; 487; 488; 501; 566; 567; 569; 570; 573; 574; 603; 616; 621; 624; 632; 663; 680; 684; 694; 696; 708; 712; 714; 726; 750; 775; 776; 788; 804; 872; 919; 927; 933; 978; 1007; 1022; 1024; 1029; 1035; 1038; 1060; 1089; 1107; 1129; 1131; 1136; 1137; 1140; 1142; 1143; 1144; 1145; 1148; 1149 Table 5 material 248 and mixtures thereof, most preferably said material is selected from the group consisting of Table 4 materials 261; 680; 788; 1129, 1148, 1149 and mixtures thereof. All of the aforementioned materials have a log P that is equal to or greater than 3, thus they deposit through the wash especially well. The more preferred and most preferred of the aforementioned material are particularly preferred as they are effective at counteracting all of the key malodors.
In one aspect of said product, said malodor reduction materials are not selected from the group consisting of Table 1-3 malodor reduction materials 302; 288; 50; 157; 1017; 888; 64; 1054; 832; 375; 390; 745; 504; 505; 140; 1012; 498; 362; 103; 356; 1074; 908; 1127; 475; 918; 687; 611; 317; 9; 141; 550; 602; 913; 1005; 521; 10; 215; 370; 335; 378; 1121; 360; 565; 1136; 1129; 655; 369; 1065; 914; 757; 601; 478; 889; 891; 358; 973; 162; 554; 522; 312; 125; 26; 418; 92; 586; 1026; 218; 31; 828; 871; 829; 1066; 287; 269; 769; 701; 1118; 70; 946; 142; 109; 108 or mixtures thereof.
In one aspect of said product, said product comprising an additional material that is an adjunct ingredient selected from the group consisting of surfactants, builders, chelating agents, dye transfer inhibiting agents, dispersants, enzymes, and enzyme stabilizers, catalytic materials, bleach activators, a fabric softener active, hydrogen peroxide, sources of hydrogen peroxide, preformed peracids, polymeric dispersing agents, clay soil removal/anti-redeposition agents, brighteners, suds suppressors, dyes, hueing dyes, perfumes, perfume delivery systems, structure elasticizing agents, carriers, structurants, hydrotropes, processing aids, solvents, pigments and mixtures thereof.
The compositions of the present invention may be used in any conventional manner. In short, they may be used in the same manner as products that are designed and produced by conventional methods and processes. For example, compositions of the present invention can be used to treat a situs inter alia a surface or fabric. Typically at least a portion of the situs is contacted with an aspect of Applicants' composition, in neat form or diluted in a wash liquor, and then the situs is optionally washed and/or rinsed. For purposes of the present invention, washing includes but is not limited to, scrubbing, and mechanical agitation. The fabric may comprise any fabric capable of being laundered in normal consumer use conditions. When the wash solvent is water, the water temperature typically ranges from about 5° C. to about 90° C. and, when the situs comprises a fabric, the water to fabric mass ratio is typically from about 1:1 to about 100:1.
The compositions of the present invention may be used as liquid fabric enhancers wherein they are applied to a fabric and the fabric is then dried via line drying and/or drying the an automatic dryer.
A method of controlling malodors comprising: contacting a situs comprising a malodor and/or a situs that will become malodorous with a product selected from the group consisting of the products described herein and mixtures thereof, is disclosed.
In one aspect, said situs comprises a fabric and said contacting step comprises contacting said fabric with a sufficient amount of Applicants' solid consumer products to provide said fabric with a level of malodor reduction material at least 0.001 mg of malodor reduction material/kg of fabric, preferably from about 0.001 mg of malodor reduction material/kg of fabric to about 30 mg of malodor reduction material/kg of fabric, more preferably from about 0.1 mg of malodor reduction material/kg of fabric to about 20 mg of malodor reduction material/kg of fabric, most preferably from about 0.2 of malodor reduction material/kg of fabric to about 10 mg of malodor reduction material/kg of fabric of said sum of malodor reduction materials.
While not essential for the purposes of the present invention, the non-limiting list of adjuncts illustrated hereinafter are suitable for use in the instant compositions and may be desirably incorporated in certain aspects of the invention, for example to assist or enhance cleaning performance, for treatment of the substrate to be cleaned, or to modify the aesthetics of the composition as is the case with perfumes, colorants, dyes or the like. The precise nature of these additional components, and levels of incorporation thereof, will depend on the physical form of the composition and the nature of the fabric treatment operation for which it is to be used. Suitable adjunct materials include, but are not limited to, surfactants, builders, chelating agents, dye transfer inhibiting agents, dispersants, enzymes, and enzyme stabilizers, catalytic materials, bleach activators, hydrogen peroxide, sources of hydrogen peroxide, preformed peracids, polymeric dispersing agents, clay soil removal/anti-redeposition agents, brighteners, suds suppressors, dyes, hueing dyes, perfumes, perfume delivery systems, structure elasticizing agents, carriers, structurants, hydrotropes, processing aids, solvents, pigments and/or fabric softener actives.
As stated, the adjunct ingredients are not essential to Applicants' compositions. Thus, certain aspects of Applicants' compositions do not contain one or more of the following adjuncts materials: surfactants, builders, chelating agents, dye transfer inhibiting agents, dispersants, enzymes, and enzyme stabilizers, catalytic materials, bleach activators, hydrogen peroxide, sources of hydrogen peroxide, preformed peracids, polymeric dispersing agents, clay soil removal/anti-redeposition agents, brighteners, suds suppressors, dyes, hueing dyes, perfumes, perfume delivery systems structure elasticizing agents, carriers, hydrotropes, processing aids, solvents, pigments and/or fabric softener actives. However, when one or more adjuncts are present, such one or more adjuncts may be present as detailed below.
Hueing Dye—
The liquid laundry detergent composition may comprise a hueing dye. The hueing dyes employed in the present laundry care compositions may comprise polymeric or non-polymeric dyes, organic or inorganic pigments, or mixtures thereof. Preferably the hueing dye comprises a polymeric dye, comprising a chromophore constituent and a polymeric constituent. The chromophore constituent is characterized in that it absorbs light in the wavelength range of blue, red, violet, purple, or combinations thereof upon exposure to light. In one aspect, the chromophore constituent exhibits an absorbance spectrum maximum from about 520 nanometers to about 640 nanometers in water and/or methanol, and in another aspect, from about 560 nanometers to about 610 nanometers in water and/or methanol.
Although any suitable chromophore may be used, the dye chromophore is preferably selected from benzodifuranes, methine, triphenylmethanes, napthalimides, pyrazole, napthoquinone, anthraquinone, azo, oxazine, azine, xanthene, triphenodioxazine and phthalocyanine dye chromophores. Mono and di-azo dye chromophores are may be preferred.
The hueing dye may comprise a dye polymer comprising a chromophore covalently bound to one or more of at least three consecutive repeat units. It should be understood that the repeat units themselves do not need to comprise a chromophore. The dye polymer may comprise at least 5, or at least 10, or even at least 20 consecutive repeat units.
The repeat unit can be derived from an organic ester such as phenyl dicarboxylate in combination with an oxyalkyleneoxy and a polyoxyalkyleneoxy. Repeat units can be derived from alkenes, epoxides, aziridine, carbohydrate including the units that comprise modified celluloses such as hydroxyalkylcellulose; hydroxypropyl cellulose; hydroxypropyl methylcellulose; hydroxybutyl cellulose; and, hydroxybutyl methylcellulose or mixtures thereof. The repeat units may be derived from alkenes, or epoxides or mixtures thereof. The repeat units may be C2-C4 alkyleneoxy groups, sometimes called alkoxy groups, preferably derived from C2-C4 alkylene oxide. The repeat units may be C2-C4 alkoxy groups, preferably ethoxy groups.
For the purposes of the present invention, the at least three consecutive repeat units form a polymeric constituent. The polymeric constituent may be covalently bound to the chromophore group, directly or indirectly via a linking group. Examples of suitable polymeric constituents include polyoxyalkylene chains having multiple repeating units. In one aspect, the polymeric constituents include polyoxyalkylene chains having from 2 to about 30 repeating units, from 2 to about 20 repeating units, from 2 to about 10 repeating units or even from about 3 or 4 to about 6 repeating units. Non-limiting examples of polyoxyalkylene chains include ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, glycidol oxide, butylene oxide and mixtures thereof.
Surfactants—
The compositions according to the present invention may comprise a surfactant or surfactant system wherein the surfactant can be selected from nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, ampholytic surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, semi-polar nonionic surfactants and mixtures thereof.
The surfactant is typically present at a level of from about 0.1% to about 60%, from about 1% to about 50% or even from about 5% to about 40% by weight of the subject composition.
Chelating Agents—
The compositions herein may contain a chelating agent. Suitable chelating agents include copper, iron and/or manganese chelating agents and mixtures thereof. When a chelating agent is used, the composition may comprise from about 0.1% to about 15% or even from about 3.0% to about 10% chelating agent by weight of the subject composition.
Dye Transfer Inhibiting Agents—
The compositions of the present invention may also include one or more dye transfer inhibiting agents. Suitable polymeric dye transfer inhibiting agents include, but are not limited to, polyvinylpyrrolidone polymers, polyamine N-oxide polymers, copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone and N-vinylimidazole, polyvinyloxazolidones and polyvinylimidazoles or mixtures thereof.
When present in a subject composition, the dye transfer inhibiting agents may be present at levels from about 0.0001% to about 10%, from about 0.01% to about 5% or even from about 0.1% to about 3% by weight of the composition.
Dispersants—
The compositions of the present invention can also contain dispersants. Suitable water-soluble organic materials include the homo- or co-polymeric acids or their salts, in which the polycarboxylic acid comprises at least two carboxyl radicals separated from each other by not more than two carbon atoms.
Perfumes—
The dispersed phase may comprise a perfume that may include materials selected from the group consisting of perfumes such as 3-(4-t-butylphenyl)-2-methyl propanal, 3-(4-t-butylphenyl)-propanal, 3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-2-methylpropanal, methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-methylpropanal, and 2,6-dimethyl-5-heptenal, alpha-damascone, beta-damascone, delta-damascone, beta-damascenone, 6,7-dihydro-1,1,2,3,3-pentamethyl-4(5H)-indanone, methyl-7,3-dihydro-2H-1,5-benzodioxepine-3-one, 2-[2-(4-methyl-3-cyclohexenyl-1-yl)propyl]cyclopentan-2-one, 2-sec-butylcyclohexanone, and beta-dihydro ionone, linalool, ethyllinalool, tetrahydrolinalool, and dihydromyrcenol.
Perfume Delivery Technologies—
The compositions of the present invention may comprise one or more perfume delivery technologies that stabilize and enhance the deposition and release of perfume ingredients from treated substrate. Such perfume delivery technologies can also be used to increase the longevity of perfume release from the treated substrate. Perfume delivery technologies, methods of making certain perfume delivery technologies and the uses of such perfume delivery technologies are disclosed in US 2007/0275866 A1.
In one aspect, the compositions of the present invention may comprise from about 0.001% to about 20%, or from about 0.01% to about 10%, or from about 0.05% to about 5%, or even from about 0.1% to about 0.5% by weight of the perfume delivery technology. In one aspect, said perfume delivery technologies may be selected from the group consisting of: perfume microcapsules, pro-perfumes, polymer particles, functionalized silicones, polymer assisted delivery, molecule assisted delivery, fiber assisted delivery, amine assisted delivery, cyclodextrins, starch encapsulated accord, zeolite and inorganic carrier, and mixtures thereof:
In one aspect, said perfume delivery technology may comprise perfume microcapsules formed by at least partially surrounding a benefit agent with a wall material. Said benefit agent may include materials selected from the group consisting of perfumes such as 3-(4-t-butylphenyl)-2-methyl propanal, 3-(4-t-butylphenyl)-propanal, 3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-2-methylprop anal, 3-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-methylpropanal, and 2,6-dimethyl-5-heptenal, alpha-damascone, beta-damascone, delta-damascone, beta-damascenone, 6,7-dihydro-1,1,2,3,3-pentamethyl-4(5H)-indanone, methyl-7,3-dihydro-2H-1,5-benzodioxepine-3-one, 2-[2-(4-methyl-3-cyclohexenyl-1-yl)propyl]cyclopentan-2-one, 2-sec-butylcyclohexanone, and beta-dihydro ionone, linalool, ethyllinalool, tetrahydrolinalool, and dihydromyrcenol. Suitable perfume materials can be obtained from Givaudan Corp. of Mount Olive, N.J., USA, International Flavors & Fragrances Corp. of South Brunswick, N.J., USA, or Quest Corp. of Naarden, Netherlands. In one aspect, the microcapsule wall material may comprise: melamine, polyacrylamide, silicones, silica, polystyrene, polyurea, polyurethanes, polyacrylate based materials, gelatin, styrene malic anhydride, polyamides, and mixtures thereof. In one aspect, said melamine wall material may comprise melamine crosslinked with formaldehyde, melamine-dimethoxyethanol crosslinked with formaldehyde, and mixtures thereof. In one aspect, said polystyrene wall material may comprise polyestyrene cross-linked with divinylbenzene. In one aspect, said polyurea wall material may comprise urea crosslinked with formaldehyde, urea crosslinked with gluteraldehyde, and mixtures thereof. In one aspect, said polyacrylate based materials may comprise polyacrylate formed from methylmethacrylate/dimethylaminomethyl methacrylate, polyacrylate formed from amine acrylate and/or methacrylate and strong acid, polyacrylate formed from carboxylic acid acrylate and/or methacrylate monomer and strong base, polyacrylate formed from an amine acrylate and/or methacrylate monomer and a carboxylic acid acrylate and/or carboxylic acid methacrylate monomer, and mixtures thereof. In one aspect, the perfume microcapsule may be coated with a deposition aid, a cationic polymer, a non-ionic polymer, an anionic polymer, or mixtures thereof. Suitable polymers may be selected from the group consisting of: polyvinylformaldehyde, partially hydroxylated polyvinylformaldehyde, polyvinylamine, polyethyleneimine, ethoxylated polyethyleneimine, polyvinylalcohol, polyacrylates, and combinations thereof. In one aspect, the microcapsule may be a perfume microcapsule. In one aspect, one or more types of microcapsules, for example two microcapsules types having different benefit agents may be used.
In one aspect, said perfume delivery technology may comprise an amine reaction product (ARP) or a thio reaction product. One may also use “reactive” polymeric amines and or polymeric thiols in which the amine and/or thiol functionality is pre-reacted with one or more PRMs to form a reaction product. Typically the reactive amines are primary and/or secondary amines, and may be part of a polymer or a monomer (non-polymer). Such ARPs may also be mixed with additional PRMs to provide benefits of polymer-assisted delivery and/or amine-assisted delivery. Nonlimiting examples of polymeric amines include polymers based on polyalkylimines, such as polyethyleneimine (PEI), or polyvinylamine (PVAm). Nonlimiting examples of monomeric (non-polymeric) amines include hydroxyl amines, such as 2-aminoethanol and its alkyl substituted derivatives, and aromatic amines such as anthranilates. The ARPs may be premixed with perfume or added separately in leave-on or rinse-off applications. In another aspect, a material that contains a heteroatom other than nitrogen and/or sulfur, for example oxygen, phosphorus or selenium, may be used as an alternative to amine compounds. In yet another aspect, the aforementioned alternative compounds can be used in combination with amine compounds. In yet another aspect, a single molecule may comprise an amine moiety and one or more of the alternative heteroatom moieties, for example, thiols, phosphines and selenols. The benefit may include improved delivery of perfume as well as controlled perfume release. Suitable ARPs as well as methods of making same can be found in USPA 2005/0003980 A1 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,413,920 B1.
Malodor reduction materials may be separated from mixtures, including but not limited to finished products such as consumer products and indentified, by analytical methods that include GC-MS and/or NMR.
The saturation Vapour Pressure (VP) values are computed for each PRM in the perfume mixture being tested. The VP of an individual PRM is calculated using the VP Computational Model, version 14.02 (Linux) available from Advanced Chemistry Development Inc. (ACD/Labs) (Toronto, Canada) to provide the VP value at 25° C. expressed in units of torr. The ACD/Labs' Vapor Pressure model is part of the ACD/Labs model suite.
The value of the log of the Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient (log P) is computed for each PRM in the perfume mixture being tested. The log P of an individual PRM is calculated using the Consensus log P Computational Model, version 14.02 (Linux) available from Advanced Chemistry Development Inc. (ACD/Labs) (Toronto, Canada) to provide the unitless log P value. The ACD/Labs' Consensus log P Computational Model is part of the ACD/Labs model suite.
In order to conduct the calculations involved in the computed-value test methods described herein, the starting information required includes the identity, weight percent, and molar percent of each PRM in the perfume being tested, as a proportion of that perfume, wherein all PRMs in the perfume composition are included in the calculations. Additionally for each of those PRMs, the molecular structure, and the values of various computationally-derived molecular descriptors are also required, as determined in accordance with the Test Method for the Generation of Molecular Descriptors described herein.
For each PRM in a perfume mixture or composition, its molecular structure is used to compute various molecular descriptors. The molecular structure is determined by the graphic molecular structure representations provided by the Chemical Abstract Service (“CAS”), a division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A. These molecular structures may be obtained from the CAS Chemical Registry System database by looking up the index name or CAS number of each PRM. For PRMs, which at the time of their testing are not yet listed in the CAS Chemical Registry System database, other databases or information sources may be used to determine their structures. For a PRM which has potentially more than one isomer present, the molecular descriptor computations are conducted using the molecular structure of only one of the isomers, which is selected to represent that PRM. The selection of isomer is determined by the relative amount of extension in the molecular structures of the isomers. Of all the isomers of a given PRM, it is the isomer whose molecular structure that is the most prevalent which is the one that is selected to represent that PRM. The structures for other potential isomers of that PRM are excluded from the computations. The molecular structure of the isomer that is the most prevalent is paired with the concentration of that PRM, where the concentration reflects the presence of all the isomers of that PRM that are present.
A molecule editor or molecular sketching software program, such as ChemDraw (CambridgeSoft/PerkinElmer Inc., Waltham, Mass., U.S.A.), is used to duplicate the 2-dimensional molecular structure representing each PRM. Molecular structures should be represented as neutral species (quaternary nitrogen atoms are allowed) with no disconnected fragments (e.g., single structures with no counter ions). The winMolconn program described below can convert any deprotonated functional groups to the neutral form by adding the appropriate number of hydrogen atoms and will discard the counter ion.
For each PRM, the molecular sketching software is used to generate a file which describes the molecular structure of the PRM. The file(s) describing the molecular structures of the PRMs is subsequently submitted to the computer software program winMolconn, version 1.0.1.3 (Hall Associates Consulting, Quincy, Mass., U.S.A., www.molconn.com), in order to derive various molecular descriptors for each PRM. As such, it is the winMolconn software program which dictates the structure notations and file formats that are acceptable options. These options include either a MACCS SDF formatted file (i.e., a Structure-Data File); or a Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification (i.e., a SMILES string structure line notation) which is commonly used within a simple text file, often with a “.smi” or “.txt” file name extension. The SDF file represents each molecular structure in the format of a multi-line record, while the syntax for a SMILES structure is a single line of text with no white space. A structure name or identifier can be added to the SMILES string by including it on the same line following the SMILES string and separated by a space, e.g.: C1=CC═CC═C1 benzene.
The winMolconn software program is used to generate numerous molecular descriptors for each PRM, which are then output in a table format. Specific molecular descriptors derived by winMolconn are subsequently used as inputs (i.e., as variable terms in mathematical equations) for a variety of computer model test methods in order to calculate values such as: saturation Vapour Pressure (VP); Boiling Point (BP); logarithm of the Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient (log P); Odour Detection Threshold (ODT); Malodour Reduction Value (MORV); and/or Universal Malodour Reduction Value (Universal MORV) for each PRM. The molecular descriptor labels used in the models' test method computations are the same labels reported by the winMolconn program, and their descriptions and definitions can be found listed in the winMolconn documentation. The following is a generic description of how to execute the winMolconn software program and generate the required molecular structure descriptors for each PRM in a composition.
Computing Molecular Structure Descriptors Using winMolconn:
MORV=−8.5096+2.8597×(dxp9)+1.1253×(knotpv)−0.34484×(e1C2O2)−0.00046231×(idw)+3.3509×(idcbar)+0.11158×(n2pag22) a)
MORV=−5.2917+2.1741×(dxvp5)−2.6595×(dxvp8)+0.45297×(e1C2C2d)−0.6202×(c1C2O2)+1.3542×(CdCH2)+0.68105×(CaasC)+1.7129×(idcbar) b)
MORV=−0.0035+0.8028×(SHCsatu)+2.1673×(xvp7)−1.3507×(c1C1C3d)+0.61496×(c1C102)+0.00403×(idc)−0.23286×(nd2). c)
MORV=−0.9926−0.03882×(SdO)+0.1869×(Ssp3OH)+2.1847×(xp7)+0.34344×(e1C3O2)−0.45767×(c1C2C3)+0.7684×(CKetone) d)
Equation a) relates a material's effectiveness in reducing the malodor trans-3-methyl-2-hexenoic acid (carboxylic acid based malodors)
Equation b) relates a material's effectiveness in reducing the malodor trimethylamine (amine based malodors)
Equation c) relates a material's effectiveness in reducing the malodor 3-mercapto-3-methylhexan-1-ol (thiol based malodors)
Equation d) relates a material's effectiveness in reducing the malodor skatole (indole based malodors)
Blocker materials suitable for use in consumer products of the present invention are chosen for their ability to decrease malodor, while not interfering with perception of a fragrance. Material selection is done by assigning two indices to a test sample material from two reference scales in order to rank odor strengths. The two reference scales are the Fragrance Fidelity Index (FFI) scale and the Blocker Index (BI) scale. The FFI ranks the ability of the test sample material to impart a perceivable odor which could cause interference when combined with another fragrance and the BI ranks the ability of the test sample material to reduce malodor perception. The two methods for assigning the indices to a test sample on the FFI and the BI reference scales are given below.
The first step in the method for assigning an FFI to the test samples on the FFI reference scale is to create the FFI reference swatches. The swatches for the scale are created by treating clean fabrics swatches with a known amount of a known concentration of an ethyl vanillin solution. Fabric swatches for this test are white knit polycotton (4 inch×4 inch) swatches from EMC ordered as PC 50/50. The supplier is instructed to strip the swatches first, stripping involves washing twice with a fragrance-free detergent and rinsing three times.
Make three solutions of ethyl vanillin using a 50%/50% EtOH/water as the diluent at the following concentrations: 25 ppm, 120 ppm and 1000 ppm. Pipette 13 μL of each of the three solutions into the middle of a clean swatch resulting in about a 1 cm diameter of the solution in the middle of the swatch. This will create a sensory scale of three swatches with three different odor levels based on the concentration of the solution pipetted onto the swatch. After drying for 30 minutes in a vented hood, the swatches are wrapped in aluminum foil to prevent odor contamination to the treated swatch. A clean untreated swatch is also included as the lowest anchor point of reference for odor strength on the FFI scale. The FFI reference scale swatches should be used within 0.5 to 12 hours and discarded after 12 hours. The swatches are used as scale anchor points when graders evaluate a test sample(s) and are assigned a Fragrance Fidelity Index (FFI) as show in Table 7.
At least four perfumers/expert graders are used to rank the ethyl vanillin swatches in the FFI scale. The perfumer/expert grader needs to demonstrate adequate discrimination on the scale. The perfumer/expert panel is asked to rank order swatches according to a scale between 0 and 3. The panel must demonstrate statistical differences between the swatches as seen in Table 7.
The expert graders must demonstrate a full range of 2.5 over the 4 swatches to be acceptably discriminating. Grader 2 in table 1 has a range of only 2 and is eliminated from the panel. The panel of expert graders must also demonstrated the ability to statistically discriminate between swatches in the scale.
The reference swatches represent the 0, 1, 2, and 3 FFIs on the FFI reference scale, Table 9. The expert grader should familiarize them self with the strength of the odor on the FFI reference swatches by sniffing each one starting at 0 (the lowest odor strength) and ending at 3 (the highest odor strength). This should be done prior to evaluating the test sample material treated swatch.
Making Swatches Treated with the Test Material
A clean swatch is treated with 13 μL of a known concentration of a test sample material resulting in an about 1 cm of the solution on the clean swatch. Just like the reference swatches, the test sample material swatch is dried in a vented hood for 30 minutes and then wrapped in aluminum foil to prevent contamination. The test material swatches and the FFI reference swatches should be made within 2 hours of each other. The test material swatch must be used within 0.5 to 12 hours and discarded after 12 hours.
At least two perfumers/expert graders are used to assign an FFI grade to a test sample. The perfumer/expert grader smells the test sample swatch by holding that swatch 1 inch from their nose with their nose centered over the area where the test sample was pipetted on to the fabric and then assigns the test sample an FFI grade using the FFI reference scale anchor swatches as references. The test sample swatch is assigned an FPI grade at or between numbers on the FFI scale shown in Table 9. In cases where the test sample material is graded greater than 3, the test material is not a blocker material or the concentration of the material needs to be lowered and reevaluated to determine if a lower level has a malodor blocker functionality.
The first step in the method for assigning a BI to a test sample material on the BI reference scale is to create the BI reference swatches. The swatches for the scale are created by treating clean fabrics swatches with a known amount of a known volume of isovaleric acid solution at a known concentration. Fabric swatches for this test are white knit polycotton (4 inch×4 inch) swatches from EMC ordered as PC 50/50. The supplier is instructed to strip the swatches first, stripping involves washing twice with a fragrance-free detergent and rinsing three times.
Make one solution of 0.08% isovaleric acid using 50%/50% EtOH/water as the diluent. The BI scale contains one clean swatch with no malodor applied. Three other swatches each have a different volume of the 0.08% isovaleric acid applied. Pipette 2 μL of the 0.08% isovaleric acid solution to one clean swatch, 5 μL of the 0.08% isovaleric acid solution to the next swatch and 20 μL of isovaleric acid to the final clean swatch. These solutions are pipetted to the middle of the swatches. This will create a sensory scale of three swatches with three different odor levels based on the volume of the 0.08% isovaleric acid solution pipetted onto the swatch. After drying for 30 minutes in a vented hood, the swatches are wrapped in aluminum foil to prevent odor contamination to the treated swatch. A clean untreated swatch is also included as the lowest anchor point of reference for malodor strength on the BI scale. The BI reference scale swatches should be used within 0.5 to 12 hours and discarded after 12 hours. The swatches are used as scale anchor points when graders evaluate a test sample(s) and are assigned a Blocker Index (BI) as show in Table 12.
At least four perfumers/expert graders are used to rank the isovaleric acid swatches in the BI scale. The perfumer/expert grader needs to demonstrate adequate discrimination on the scale. The perfumer/expert grader is asked to rank order swatches according to a scale between 0 and 3. The panel of graders must demonstrate statistical differences between the swatches as seen in Table 10.
The expert graders must demonstrate a full range of 2.5 over the 4 swatches to be acceptably discriminating. The panel of expert graders must also demonstrated the ability to statistically discriminate between swatches in the scale. Expert grader #2 did not demonstrate the ability to discriminate between the swatches and is eliminated from the panel, see Table 11.
The reference swatches represent the 0, 1, 2, and 3 BIs on the BI reference scale, Table 12. The expert grader should familiarizes him/herself with the strength of the odor on the BI reference swatches by sniffing each one starting at 0 (the lowest odor strength) and ending at 3 (the highest odor strength). This should be done prior to evaluating the swatch treated with the test material.
Making the Malodorous Swatch and Treating it with a Test Material
To evaluate the BI, the test material is applied to a malodorous swatch to determine how well the test material blocks the malodor. The malodorous swatch is made by treating a clean swatch with 20 μL of a 0.08% solution of isovaleric acid. Dry the malodorous swatch treated with isovaleric acid in a vented hood for 30 minutes. After drying the malodorous swatch a known concentration of test material solution, between 1 ppm and 100 ppm is pipetted onto the malodorous swatch. Apply the test material solution right on top of the spot where the isovaleric acid solution was applied making an about 1 cm diameter spot. Just like the BI reference swatches, the isovaleric acid+test material swatch is dried in a vented hood for 30 minutes and then wrapped in aluminum foil to prevent contamination. The isovaleric acid+test material swatches and the BI reference swatches should be made within 2 hrs of each other. The isovaleric acid+test material swatch must be used between 1-12 hours just like the reference swatches. It is sometimes necessary to evaluate several levels of the test material between about 1 and about 100 ppm to determine the BI.
At least two perfumers/expert graders are used to assign the BI to the test sample. The expert grader smells the isovaleric acid+test material swatch by holding that swatch one inch from their nose with their nose centered over the area where the test sample was pipetted on to the fabric and then assigns the isovaleric acid+test material swatch a BI based on ranking its odor strength against the odor strength of the swatches in the BI reference scale. The test sample swatch is assigned a BI at or between numbers on the BI in table. In cases where the isovaleric acid+test material swatch odor is greater than 3 on the BI reference scale, this indicates the material is not a blocker or the concentration of the test material needs to be lowered to achieve its blocker functionality.
Malodor Reduction Compounds with FFI and BI Grades Based on the Aforementioned
Malodor Control Compounds with Improved Performance at Lower Levels.
Below are some non-limiting examples of preferred behavior by which the malodor control compound gives improved malodor control at lower concentration. These nonlimiting data provide additional compelling data that malodor is being blocked, not masked.
The example below demonstrates that while a malodor control compound could fail to demonstrate odor blocking (BI>2.5) at a higher concentration it should be retested at a lower concentration to determine if it passes.
In the present invention blends enable more potent malodor reduction because blends are useful at a higher % of the product composition before becoming olfactively noticeable. Below are non-limiting examples of malodor reduction compounds.
Examples of free flowing particles products that comprise malodor reduction materials and/or compositions either free or in microcapsule or combinations thereof. The table below also exemplifies combinations which comprise also perfume free and in microcapsules or combinations of these with aforementioned combinations with malodor reduction materials and/or compositions. The table also exemplifies compositions having only malodor reduction materials and/or compositions free, in microcapsules and combinations thereof that have little to no fragrance to provide a product that is essentially ‘fragrance free’ The examples below comprise at least one malodor reduction compound or composition either free or in a microcapsule
0-7.5
10Delivery system can include, Polymer-Assisted delivery, Molecular Assisted delivery, Cyclodextrin delivery Starch encapsulated delivery, Zeolite and/or inorganic delivery system.
An example of a Spray-Dried Laundry Detergent Powder composition prepared with malodor reduction composition, according to the compositions shown in EXAMPLES 1-3.
1Delivery system can include, Polymer-Assisted delivery, Molecular Assisted delivery, Cyclodextrin delivery, Starch encapsulated delivery, Zeolite and/or inorganic delivery system
Preparation of Spray-Dried Laundry Detergent Powders.
Aqueous slurry a having the composition as described above is prepared having a moisture content of 34.0%. Any ingredient added above in liquid form is heated to 70° C., such that the aqueous slurry is never at a temperature below 70° C. At the end of preparation, the aqueous slurry is heated to 80° C. and pumped under pressure (5×106 Nm−2), into a counter current spray-drying tower with an air inlet temperature of from 290° C. The aqueous slurry is atomized and the atomized slurry is dried to produce a solid mixture, which is then cooled and sieved to remove oversize material (>1.8 mm) to form a spray-dried powder, which is free-flowing. Fine material (<0.15 mm) is elutriated with the exhaust the exhaust air in the spray-drying tower and collected in a post tower containment system. The spray-dried powder a has a moisture content of 2.0 wt %, a bulk density of 310 g/l and a particle size distribution such that greater than 90 wt % of the spray-dried powder has a particle size of from 150 to 710 micrometers. The composition of the spray-dried powder A is listed in the table above. Perfume and malodor reduction composition are sprayed onto the composition following the spray dry procedure.
Aqueous slurry b having the composition as described above is prepared having a moisture content of 42.0%. Any ingredient added above in liquid form is heated to 70° C., such that the aqueous slurry is never at a temperature below 70° C. At the end of preparation, the aqueous slurry is heated to 85° C. and pumped under pressure (from 6.5×106 Nm−2), into a counter current spray-drying tower with an air inlet temperature of from 275° C. The aqueous slurry is atomized and the atomized slurry is dried to produce a solid mixture, which is then cooled and sieved to remove oversize material (>1.8 mm) to form a spray-dried powder b, which is free-flowing. Fine material (<0.15 mm) is elutriated with the exhaust the exhaust air in the spray-drying tower and collected in a post tower containment system. The spray-dried powder has a moisture content of 3.0 wt %, a bulk density of 250 and a particle size distribution such that greater than 90 wt % of the spray-dried powder has a particle size of from 150 to 710 micrometers. The composition of the spray-dried powder is given in the table above. Perfume and malodor reduction composition are sprayed onto the composition after the spray dry process.
The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead, unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to mean both the recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension disclosed as “40 mm” is intended to mean “about 40 mm.”
Every document cited herein, including any cross referenced or related patent or application is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety unless expressly excluded or otherwise limited. The citation of any document is not an admission that it is prior art with respect to any invention disclosed or claimed herein or that it alone, or in any combination with any other reference or references, teaches, suggests, or discloses any such invention. Further, to the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assigned to that term in this document shall govern.
While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is, therefore, intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62055844 | Sep 2014 | US | |
| 62143862 | Apr 2015 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 14865010 | Sep 2015 | US |
| Child | 15421481 | US |
