Patent Grant
7696784
The present invention relates generally to electrical circuits and, more particularly, to programmable logic devices.
A programmable logic device, such as a field programmable gate array (FPGA), may be used in a wide variety of applications. For example, a programmable logic device (PLD) offers the advantage of being reprogrammable in the field (e.g., while on the circuit board in its operational environment) to provide the desired functionality.
A typical PLD includes a number of programmable logic blocks (e.g., also referred to in the art as configurable logic blocks, logic array blocks, or programmable function blocks). The programmable logic block architecture may be generally categorized as having a slice-based structure or a block-based structure. A slice may provide, for example, a 2-bit slice structure (e.g., two 4-bit lookup tables (LUTs) plus two registers), with the programmable logic block formed by two slices. A block may provide, for example, eight or more 4-bit LUTs and associated registers, with the programmable logic block formed by the block structure.
A drawback of the conventional PLD is that the programmable logic block architecture is often not optimized for the desired application. For example, the programmable logic blocks are generally homogeneous with each having the same one or two slices or each having the same block structure. Consequently, the programmable logic block architecture is not optimized for the desired application and results in unused resources, larger than necessary die size, and inefficient scaling for providing a larger number of LUTs within the PLD. Furthermore, these conventional approaches often result in inefficient control architectures as the programmable logic device increases in size and/or logic block granularity. As a result, there is a need for improved programmable logic block architectures for PLDs.
In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, a programmable logic device comprises a plurality of programmable logic blocks; a plurality of slices within each of the programmable logic blocks, wherein at least one programmable logic blocks includes a first slice not adapted to provide register functionality or RAM functionality and a second slice adapted to provide register functionality but not RAM functionality; and control logic within the at least one programmable logic block adapted to provide control signals at the programmable block level and at the slice level.
In accordance with another embodiment of the invention, a programmable logic device comprises a plurality of programmable logic blocks; a plurality of slices within each of the programmable logic blocks, wherein at least one programmable logic blocks includes a first slice not adapted to provide register functionality or RAM functionality and a second slice adapted to provide register functionality and RAM functionality; and control logic within the at least one programmable logic block adapted to provide control signals at the programmable block level and at the slice level.
In accordance with another embodiment of the invention, a programmable logic device comprise a plurality of programmable logic blocks; a plurality of slices within each of the programmable logic blocks, wherein at least one programmable logic blocks includes a first dual slice not adapted to provide register functionality or RAM functionality; and control logic within the at least one programmable logic block adapted to provide control signals at the programmable block level and at the slice level.
The scope of the invention is defined by the claims, which are incorporated into this section by reference. A more complete understanding of embodiments of the present invention will be afforded to those skilled in the art, as well as a realization of additional advantages thereof, by a consideration of the following detailed description of one or more embodiments. Reference will be made to the appended sheets of drawings that will first be described briefly.
a-2f show block diagrams illustrating exemplary implementation slice details for the programmable logic device of
a-3d show block diagrams illustrating exemplary implementation slice details for a programmable logic block of the programmable logic device of
a-4c show block diagrams illustrating exemplary multiplexer capability for an exemplary dual-slice architecture for a programmable logic block of the programmable logic device of
a-5b show block diagrams illustrating exemplary dual-slice implementations for a programmable logic block of the programmable logic device of
a-6b show block diagrams illustrating exemplary wide gating for dual-slice implementations of a programmable logic block for the programmable logic device of
a-7b show block diagrams illustrating exemplary control logic for dual-slice implementations of a programmable logic block of the programmable logic device of
a-8b show block diagrams illustrating exemplary control logic for a programmable logic block of the programmable logic device of
Embodiments of the present invention and their advantages are best understood by referring to the detailed description that follows. It should be appreciated that like reference numerals are used to identify like elements illustrated in one or more of the figures.
PLD 100 may also include reprogrammable non-volatile memory 106 (e.g., blocks of EEPROM or flash memory), volatile memory 108 (e.g., block SRAM), clock-related circuitry 110 (e.g., PLL circuits), one or more data ports 112, configuration memory 114, and/or an interconnect 116. It should be understood that the number and placement of the various elements, such as I/O blocks 102, logic blocks 104, non-volatile memory 106, volatile memory 108, clock-related circuitry 110, data port 112, configuration memory 114, and interconnect 116, is not limiting and may depend upon the desired application. Furthermore, it should be understood that the elements are illustrated in block form for clarity and that certain elements, such as configuration memory 114 and interconnect 116, would typically be distributed throughout PLD 100, such as in and between programmable logic blocks 104, to perform their conventional functions (e.g., storing configuration data that configures PLD 100 and providing routing resources, respectively).
Data port 112 may be used for programming non-volatile memory 106 and/or configuration memory 114 of PLD 100, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention and as would be understood by one skilled in the art. For example, data port 112(1) may represent a programming port such as a central processing unit (CPU) port, also referred to as a peripheral data port or a sysCONFIG programming port. Data port 112(2) may represent, for example, a programming port such as a joint test action group (JTAG) port by employing standards such as Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 1149.1 or 1532 standards. Data ports 112(1) and 112(2) are not both required, but one or the other or both may be included to receive configuration data and commands. Further details regarding programming may be found in U.S. Pat. No. 6,828,823 and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005-0189962-A1, published Sep. 1, 2005.
As noted herein for conventional programmable logic block architectures, a typical programmable logic block is limited to a maximum of one or two types of slices, which may result in an un-optimized programmable logic block structure that wastes valuable resources (e.g., silicon inefficiency, poor utilization, higher costs, and larger die size). In contrast in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention, a programmable logic block architecture is disclosed that provides programmable logic blocks having a large number of slices and a mixture of slice types.
For example, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a programmable logic block is disclosed that provides three or more slices, with each slice being different (e.g., in terms of logic, register, and/or memory functionality). Furthermore for this example in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the programmable logic blocks within the PLD may be homogeneous (i.e., each programmable logic block having the same type and number of slices) or the programmable logic blocks may differ in terms of the number and/or types of slices provided (e.g., the programmable logic blocks from row to row may differ from each other for one or more rows within PLD 100, where “row” may represent a row, column, or some number of programmable logic blocks).
For example,
Logic block slices 200, 210, and 220 each receives LUT input signals 214 (e.g., 16 LUT inputs) and multiplexer control signals 216 (e.g., 4 multiplexer control signals) and each provides output signals 218 (e.g., 4 output signals). Logic block slice 210 may further include registers 206 (e.g., four of registers 206), while logic block slice 220 may further provide distributed memory capability (e.g., read/write capability for LUTs 204 to provide RAM functionality during user mode of operation), as would be understood by one skilled in the art. Logic block slices 210 and 220 further provides carry in and carry out capability as shown by corresponding carry signals 208 and 222 (e.g., labeled FCI and FCC, respectively, to represent exemplary fast carry in and fast carry out capability), as would also be understood by one skilled in the art.
Logic block slices 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, and 250, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, may be viewed as representing a dual-slice architecture. For logic block slice 210 of
Logic block slices 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, and 250 represent exemplary slices, as discussed further herein, for implementing a programmable logic block architecture of a PLD in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. However, it should be understood that logic block slices 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, and 250 are exemplary and may be modified or varied in accordance with the principles of the present invention. For example, logic block slices 230, 240, and 250 (also labeled and referred to herein as L0, R4, and M4 logic block slices, respectively) are similar to logic block slices 200, 210, and 220, respectively, but further include a routing circuit 224 (e.g., labeled input sharing). Routing circuits 212 and 224 provide, for example, output and input sharing of signals, respectively, within logic block slices 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, and 250 as shown, as would be understood by one skilled in the art.
It should further be understood that routing circuits 212 and/or 224 may be extended to span more than one logic block slice (e.g., logic block slices 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, and 250) to provide common output sharing and/or input sharing, respectively. For example, routing circuit 224 may support and provide input sharing functionality for two or more logic block slices 250 to provide sharing of input signals 214. Furthermore, routing circuit 224 may share input signals 214 among logic block slices 250 being supported or may limit one or more of input signals 214 to a subset of the inputs to certain slices 250(1) within the logic block slices 250 being supported. Similarly, routing circuit 212 may support and provide output sharing functionality for two or more logic block slices 250 to provide sharing of output signals 218.
As another example, logic block slice 210 may be modified to have only one register 206 (rather than two registers 206) within first slice 210(1) and/or second slice 210(2), which may be referred to herein as an “R2” logic block slice. The “R2” logic block slice may also refer to logic block slice 240 having only one register 206 within first slice 240(1) and/or second slice 240(2). Similarly, logic block slice 220 may be modified to have only one register 206 (rather than two registers 206) within first slice 220(1) and/or second slice 220(2), which may be referred to herein as an “M2” logic block slice. The “M2” logic block slice may also refer to logic block slice 250 having only one register 206 within first slice 250(1) and/or second slice 250(2). The exemplary logic block slices discussed in reference to
It should be noted that the R2 and M2 logic block slices, having a reduced number of registers relative to corresponding R4 and M4 logic block slices, may provide a more optimized and efficient logic block. For example, the R2 and M2 logic block slices may require fewer data and control input ports and associated output ports and reduce the overall number of input/output signals associated with a programmable logic block. Thus, the R2 and M2 logic block slices may reduce the amount of input/output routing circuitry (e.g., input switch box (ISB) and output switch box (OSB)) of the programmable logic block.
The logic block slices discussed in reference to
For example,
For this exemplary implementation, programmable logic block 300 includes four of logic block slices 210, two of logic block slices 220, and two of logic block slices 200. Consequently, programmable logic block 300 includes three different logic block slice types, specifically including logic block slice type percentages as shown in Table 1 for embodiment 1, which provides 100% logic, 75% register, 25% distributed memory, and 75% ripple logic block slice type functionality, with approximately 169 input signals and 33 output signals.
In a similar fashion, exemplary implementations are provided for programmable logic blocks 320, 340, and 360 (corresponding to embodiments 2, 3, and 4 in Table 1). Specifically, programmable logic block 320 includes five of logic block slices 210, one of logic block slice 220, and two of logic block slices 200, which provides 100% logic, 75% register, 12.5% distributed memory, and 75% ripple logic block slice type functionality, with approximately 169 input signals and 33 output signals. Programmable logic block 340 includes two of logic block slices 210, four “R2” versions of logic block slices 210, and two of logic block slices 220, which provides 100% logic, 75% register, 25% distributed memory, and approximately 75% ripple logic block slice type functionality, with approximately 169 input signals and 33 output signals. Programmable logic block 360 includes three of logic block slices 210, four “R2” versions of logic block slices 210, and one of logic block slice 220, which provides 100% logic, 75% register, 12.5% distributed memory, and approximately 75% ripple logic block slice type functionality, with approximately 169 input signals and 33 output signals.
Although programmable logic blocks 300, 320, 340, and 360 are illustrated using logic block slices 200, 210, and 220, this is merely exemplary and not limiting and in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention a programmable logic block may be implemented with logic block slices or variations of logic block slices selected, for example, from logic block slices 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, and/or 250 as desired (e.g., depending upon the desired mixture of logic block slices and application requirements). Consequently in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention, a PLD may be implemented with one type of programmable logic block, as disclosed herein, to provide a homogeneous programmable logic block architecture having large granular logic blocks (e.g., a large number of logic block slices per logic block), with a mixture of logic block slice types, depending upon the application requirements. Alternatively in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention, a PLD may be implemented with different types of programmable logic blocks, as disclosed herein, to provide a heterogeneous programmable logic block architecture having large granular logic blocks (e.g., a large number of logic block slices per logic block), with a differing mixture of logic block slice types and number of each logic block slice type, depending upon the application requirements. Furthermore for example, a family of PLD devices may be offered that provides a varying degree of granularity, different types of logic block slices, and/or a varying mixture percentage of logic block slice types within the programmable logic blocks to provide a range of functionality within the family.
As noted herein in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention, a programmable logic block architecture is disclosed that includes a number of logic block slices, which may be implemented as a number of dual-slice blocks to provide the basic building blocks for each programmable logic block. The dual-slice architecture may provide the silicon efficiency of narrow granularity and the performance of wide gating functions, with an optimized input/output port structure (e.g., input/output sharing and reduction in number of input/output ports compared to one or more conventional approaches). The dual-slice architecture may provide optimal logic block slice architecture and functionality for a desired die size and performance to provide a desired mixture of logic, multiplexing, wide gating, ripple, and distributed memory functions.
For example in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention, logic block slices 200, 210, and 220 (
A dual-sliced based building block for programmable logic blocks of a PLD, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, may provide certain advantages over a conventional slice-based building block. For example, Table 3 provides exemplary details for a conventional slice-based and for two exemplary embodiments of the present invention, with embodiments 1 and 2 listed in Table 3 representing for example logic block slice 230, 240, and/or 250 and logic block slice 200, 210, and/or 220, respectively.
As illustrated, embodiment 1 (e.g., implemented with logic block slices 230, 240, and/or 250) may require fewer data input ports to provide a 40% input port savings and fewer data output ports to provide a 67% output port savings, relative to the conventional slice-based example. Similarly, embodiment 2 (e.g., implemented with logic block slices 200, 210, and/or 220) may require fewer data input ports to provide a 20% input port savings and fewer data output ports to provide a 67% output port savings, relative to the conventional slice-based example.
As an example in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a dual-slice architecture such as logic block slice 230, 240, or 250 may be viewed as providing optimal functionality for area with 12 LUT input signals 214. For example, 12 LUT input signals 214 provided to the dual-slice architecture (e.g., based on logic block slice 230, 240, or 250) may provide functionality as illustrated in Table 4. In Table 4, A, B, C, and D may represent LUT input signals, while M0, M1, M2, and M3 may represent multiplexer control signals. For example for the dual-slice architecture receiving 12 LUT input signals 214, a maximum of three independent 4-input functions may be provided, while for example four 4-input functions may be provided by using input sharing features of the dual-slice architecture.
Multiplexer capability may be provided by the dual-slice architecture receiving 12 LUT input signals 214, for example, as illustrated in
As another example in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a dual-slice architecture such as logic block slice 200, 210, or 220 may be viewed as providing optimal functionality for performance with 16 LUT input signals 214. For example, 16 LUT input signals 214 provided to the dual-slice architecture (e.g., based on logic block slice 200, 210, or 220) may provide functionality as illustrated in Table 5. For the dual-slice architecture receiving 16 LUT input signals 214, four independent 4-input functions may be provided and four 2:1 multiplexers (muxes), two 4:1 multiplexers, or one 8:1 multiplexer may be provided. However, four LUT input signals 214 may not be fully utilized, but this may be an improvement relative to conventional slice-based approaches that may not utilize 8 or more input signals for multiplexer functionality when configured in a cascaded slice arrangement.
Tables 6 and 7 further provide exemplary functionality for logic block slices 230, 240, and 250 and logic block slices 200, 210, and 220, respectively. For example, Table 6 provides exemplary capability for a dual-slice architecture having 12 LUT input signals 214 for an exemplary programmable logic block having one, two, four, and eight dual-slice blocks. As illustrated, wide multiplexing and wide gating capability is provided along with arithmetic capability in ripple mode (e.g., use of 2 LUTs in dynamic arithmetic mode for each dual slice). Distributed memory capability is also provided, for example, for single port RAM (SPR) and dual port RAM (DPR). Similarly for example, Table 7 provides exemplary capability for a dual-slice architecture having 16 LUT input signals 214 for an exemplary programmable logic block having one, two, four, and eight dual-slice blocks (e.g., where eight dual-slice blocks functions as a 32-LUT block, that is one whole programmable logic block for this example).
a-5b show circuits 500 and 550, respectively, which illustrate exemplary dual-slice implementations for PLD 100 of
Slice 504(1) may correspond, for example, to first slice 240(1) or first slice 250(1) (
Circuits 500 and 550 illustrate dual-slice architectures. For example, circuits 500 and 550 may illustrate implementations or configurations for performing logic and ripple, respectively. However, it should be understood that circuits 500 and 550 may also be configured to implement other or complementary operations, for example such as to provide wide gating capability, multiplexer capability, and/or distributed memory capability (if implemented for the particular slice as discussed herein).
For example,
As shown in
As shown in
In accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention, logic block control architecture may be provided for the programmable logic block architectures and the dual-slice architectures disclosed herein. For example, logic block control architecture embodiments are disclosed herein that may minimize control overhead without compromising packing efficiency, optimize input ports for die size savings, and/or provide block level control signals with the flexibility of individual selection at dual slice or slice level.
Conventional logic block control approaches may consume a large percentage of the overall die, depending on the architecture and density. Furthermore, the conventional approaches may not effectively scale to larger sizes of devices or to a large number of logic blocks within the PLD. In contrast, various embodiments are disclosed herein in accordance with the present invention that may provide optimized logic block control to minimize die size overhead and that is scalable to larger PLD sizes (e.g., 200,000 LUTs or more).
For example, Table 8 provides a comparison between conventional slice-based and block based exemplary logic block implementations relative to an exemplary dual-slice based logic block embodiment of the present invention with respect to control logic. As shown in the table for an exemplary implementation, techniques disclosed herein for one or more embodiments of the present invention may provide certain benefits (e.g., silicon area efficiency and/or flexibility for packing efficiency) and a reduction in the amount of control overhead associated with a programmable logic block. For example, the control logic architecture may be optimized for silicon area efficiency, while providing flexibility of control signal selection such as at the individual dual-slice level.
a-7b show block diagrams illustrating exemplary control logic architectures 700 and 750 for dual-slice implementations of a programmable logic block for PLD 100 of
For example as shown in
As another example as shown in
It should be understood that control logic architectures 700 and 750 are not limiting and may be combined as desired. For example in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention, the control signals may be selectively bundled or unbundled at the block level, dual-slice level, and/or register level as desired (e.g., depending upon the application or requirements), as would be understood by one skilled in the art.
As a more specific implementation example,
As another more specific implementation example,
As noted herein, any number and/or type of control signals may be implemented and provided that utilize the techniques disclosed herein in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. For example,
For this example, four clock signals (CLK0 through CLK3), four clock enable signals (CE0 through CE3), and four local set/reset signals (LSR0 through LSR3) are provided to each dual slice. Each dual slice can independently select the desired clock signal, clock enable signal, and local set/reset signal (e.g., via multiplexers as shown, with multiplexer control signals provided by configuration memory cells as would be understood by one skilled in the art).
As another example,
For this example, slice 1002 and slice 1004 form a dual slice (e.g., one of seven dual slices that form a 32 LUT programmable logic block), with the dual slice receiving control signals CLK, CE, and LSR (not bundled so as to provide individual dual-slice level control selection flexibility). As an example, two clock signals (CLK0 and CLK1), three clock enable signals (CE0, CE1, and CE2), and two local set/reset signals (LSR0 and LSR1) are provided to the dual slice (e.g., and to the other dual slices within the programmable logic block). For this example, three clock enable signals rather than four may be provided in an optimized fashion if the programmable logic block includes 24 rather than 32 registers.
As illustrated, slices 1002 and 1004 may share the same control signal at input ports labeled CLK2, CLK, CE, LSR, and SD. The control signals may also be provided to other dual slices within the programmable logic block, as illustrated. Furthermore, the multiplexers may work in unison or shared between the dual slices within the programmable logic block depending upon the mode configured by a user. For example, the multiplexer labeled CLKRAMMUX may be shared by two dual slices in a 16 by 8 SPRAM mode or used by only one dual slice for 16 by 4 SPRAM. Also as discussed in reference to the example in
Systems and methods are disclosed herein to provide dual-slice architectures and programmable logic block architectures along with control logic architectures in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. For example, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a homogeneous logic block architecture with a mixture of logic block slice types for high density FPGAs (e.g., 200,000 LUTs or more) is provided. The PLD architecture having a homogeneous logic block architecture with more than 2 types of logic block slices may provide a more efficient logic block architecture with fewer resources wasted and a smaller die size, while providing an optimized block architecture for addressing the majority of application needs.
For example, a dual-slice building block architecture is provided that may be optimized for area and/or performance for high density FPGAs in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, block level control architectures are provided with individual or bundled selection at the dual-slice level to provide optimized input ports and significant die size savings with respect to control overhead.
Embodiments described above illustrate but do not limit the invention. It should also be understood that numerous modifications and variations are possible in accordance with the principles of the present invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is defined only by the following claims.
This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/446,351 filed on Jun. 2, 2006 which is now issued U.S. Pat. No. 7,397,276, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5689195 | Cliff et al. | Nov 1997 | A |
| 5920202 | Young et al. | Jul 1999 | A |
| 6407576 | Ngai et al. | Jun 2002 | B1 |
| 6529040 | Carberry et al. | Mar 2003 | B1 |
| 6603332 | Kaviani et al. | Aug 2003 | B2 |
| 6943581 | Cruz et al. | Sep 2005 | B1 |
| 6963966 | Carrillo | Nov 2005 | B1 |
| 7111214 | Chaudhary et al. | Sep 2006 | B1 |
| 7111273 | Ganesan et al. | Sep 2006 | B1 |
| 7295035 | Agrawal et al. | Nov 2007 | B1 |
| 7337422 | Becker et al. | Feb 2008 | B1 |
| 7355441 | Agrawal et al. | Apr 2008 | B1 |
| 7375552 | Young et al. | May 2008 | B1 |
| 7397276 | Agrawal et al. | Jul 2008 | B1 |
| 20040178818 | Crotty et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 11446351 | Jun 2006 | US |
| Child | 12105959 | US |
