The present invention relates to a night vision device, to a power supply for a night vision device, and, more specifically, to digital and software techniques to configure the performance of a night vision device.
A night vision device may be used in many industrial and military applications. For example, such a device may be used for enhancing the night vision of aviators, for photographing astronomical bodies and for providing night vision to soldiers or sufferers of retinitis pigmentosa (night blindness). The device often incorporates an image intensifier that is used to amplify low intensity light or to convert non-visible light into readily viewable images. One such image intensifier is an image intensifier tube.
An image intensifier tube typically includes a photocathode, with for example, a gallium arsenide (GaAs) active layer and a microchannel plate (MCP) positioned within a vacuum housing. Visible and infrared energy, for example, may impinge upon the photocathode and be absorbed in the cathode active layer, thereby resulting in generation of electron/hole pairs. The generated electrons are then emitted into the vacuum cavity and amplified by the MCP.
More specifically, when electrons exit the photocathode, the electrons are accelerated toward an input surface of the MCP by a difference in potential between the input surface of the MCP and the photocathode of approximately 200 to 900 volts depending on the MCP to cathode spacing and MCP configuration (filmed or un-filmed). As the electrons bombard the input surface of the MCP, secondary electrons are generated within the MCP. That is, the MCP may generate several hundred electrons for each electron entering the input surface. The MCP is also subjected to a difference in potential between its input surface and its output surface that is typically 700-1200 volts. This potential difference enables electron multiplication in the MCP.
As the multiplied electrons exit the MCP, the electrons are accelerated through the vacuum cavity toward a phosphor screen (or other anode surface) by yet another difference in potential between the phosphor screen and the output surface of the MCP. This latter potential may be on the order of approximately 4200-5400 volts.
A power supply integrated, or potted, with the image intensifier tube is generally used to generate and provide the various potential differences noted above, and to still further provide control voltages for various components of the image intensifier tube. The power supply and intensifier tube are expected to operate under a variety of lighting conditions, including, e.g., relatively low light or relatively high light conditions. Configuring and controlling a power supply to handle all these conditions is a challenge. In addition, it may be desirable to supply night vision equipment with differing levels of performance. For example, in certain cases, the performance of a night vision device might need to be constrained or degraded to meet export restrictions.
Described herein are methods of controlling the performance of a night vision device. The method includes storing, in memory of the night vision device, e.g., a plurality of performance configuration parameters, and voltage control algorithms and, after the storing, applying at least one of a hardware lock and a software lock to the night vision device such that at least some of the plurality of performance configuration parameters stored in the memory cannot be changed.
In another embodiment, a method of controlling the performance of a night vision device includes storing, in memory of the night vision device, control logic and a plurality of performance configuration parameters that are used by the control logic when the control logic is executed, blowing a physical fuse in the night vision device such that at least portions of the control logic stored in the memory cannot be changed, and applying a software lock to the night vision device such that at least some of the plurality of performance configuration parameters stored in the memory cannot be changed.
In still another embodiment, a power supply for a light intensifier of a night vision device includes power supply circuitry that is configured to supply control voltages to the image intensifier, a memory configured to store control logic and parameters that control performance and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to execute the control logic including applying a gating duty factor to the cathode control voltage, in accordance with the performance parameter settings, such that the performance of the night vision device is degraded in comparison to the performance of the night vision device without having the gating duty factor applied.
Like reference numerals have been used to identify like elements throughout this disclosure.
Digitally controlled power supply (or simply “power supply”) 150 includes a battery 155, or other energy source, that supplies power that is used by the power supply 150 itself and that is delivered to the intensifier tube 110. The power supply 150 further includes a central processing unit (CPU) 160 and memory 170, which stores, among other things, control logic 180 and state variables (or settings) 185 (discussed further below). Battery 155 supplies power for each of the control voltages V1, V2, and V3, which are respectively applied to components of the intensifier tube 110. The values of these control voltages may be set by CPU 160 in accordance with instructions received from control logic 180 and/or values stored as state variables or settings 185.
In one possible implementation, CPU 160 controls circuitry that controls the application of voltages V1, V2, V3 to the photocathode 112, MCP 114 and anode 116, respectively. An operational amplifier 195 is configured to sense current I3 flowing in anode 116. Current I3 is representative of the brightness of the light 10 being received at photocathode 112 only where V1 and V2 are not being modified to control the output brightness of the phosphor screen. A value of current I3 can be used by control logic 180 and CPU 160 to, for example, adjust the value of V1 or V2 (e.g., higher V1 or V2 for higher brightness, and lower V1 or V2 for lower brightness).
An advantage of a digitally controlled power supply 150 is that the control scheme which adjusts the output brightness of the intensifier tube 110, as a function of input light 10, can be selected after the power supply is built, unlike a conventional analog power supply where the control scheme is built into the hardware. Digital control of the power supply 150 allows adjustment of different parameters or settings to activate certain features and/or to ensure that the night vision device complies with, e.g., export restrictions. Digital control of the power supply 150 can also be used to compensate performance parameters in view of temperature and/or usage. Functions and related performance parameters/settings that can be controlled by power supply 150 are described below.
Fixed Brightness Control
One function of the power supply 150 and control logic 180 is to control the output brightness of the intensifier tube 110 as a function of input light level to protect the user from the intensified scene becoming overly bright. In this regard,
On the other hand, with digital control, embodiments of the present invention can generate an output brightness versus light level curve 220 similar to curve 210 but, without the slow rise of curve 210. That is, curve 220 shows that brightness remains truly fixed after about 1×10−5 fc (foot candle). This steady brightness output is a result of the control logic 180 that drives control voltages (e.g., photocathode control voltage V1 and MCP control voltage V2) to create a zero differential between the screen current (I3) and a fixed value current to achieve the desired screen brightness. A discussion of control voltage manipulation is provided below.
Photocathode Protection and Audible Emission Minimization
Another function of the power supply 150 is to protect the photocathode 112 from damage by bright lights which may permanently damage the sensitive photo conversion layer of the intensifier tube 110.
As shown in
In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, upper and lower voltage set points of the V1 and V2 voltages are adjustable via stored settings 185. In the case of
Photocathode Voltage Gating and Waveform Manipulation
In operation of the switch configuration of
Control logic 180 of power supply 150 can take advantage of the reaction of the V1′ voltage in response to gate control as the light level changes. In all cases discussed below, when the gate drive 1 is engaged to charge the intensifier voltage to V1, i.e., set V1′ to V1, the gate drive 2 transistor is off. Within the intensifier tube photocathode circuit there is an inherent capacitance and resistance. Once the gate drive 1 is off, the charge in the capacitance is drained off by the photocurrent of the cathode. This drops the V1′ voltage from the initial set point of V1. The level of photocurrent dictates how fast the intensifier voltage decreases. If gate drive 1 is not engaged, then the intensifier voltage would eventually decay to the MCP voltage V2. One mode of operation is with the gate drive 1 open for the majority of the time.
As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the use of the different settings including threshold V1′, and other adjustable parameters, adds flexibility to power supply 150 to maintain the maximum signal when needed, but still limit the output brightness to the user's eyes when so desired. Alternatively, the parameters can be set such that low light signal to noise is capped, but all other parameters are similar. All in all, the power supply 150 may be configured to adjust at least any one or more of the following parameters:
The power supply 150 may also be configured to adjust or manipulate the following waveforms:
Also shown in
As noted, in certain cases, the performance of a night vision device might need to be constrained or degraded to meet, e.g., export restrictions. In view of the functionality of the digitally controlled power supply 150 discussed above, it is possible to store settings in memory 931 and/or configure control logic in memory 932 such that a given night vision device operates at sub-optimum performance. Of course, once such a device leaves a manufacturer, it might nevertheless be possible for a user or other entity in the supply chain to reprogram or reconfigure the device so that it once again performs to its fullest potential. To ensure that a performance-degraded night vision device cannot be upgraded, several security locking functions may be implemented in power supply 910.
In an embodiment, three separate locks may be implemented to safeguard stored settings and stored control logic of the power supply 910, thus ensuring that the performance of an associated night vision device is not impermissibly upgraded.
The first locking function is a hardware fuse 981 which may be blown once the control logic is entered into the memory 932. Once blown, the power supply 910 cannot accept new programming nor is it possible to recover the control logic via direct hardware connection. Moreover, the fuse and its associated clock programming port 971 are encapsulated, during the power supply manufacturing process, as a further physical security measure.
The second and third locking functions 983, 984 are software based. These two locks control whether the power supply 910 will accept new parameters specific to the intensifier tube mated to the power supply 910. A revocable lock 983 can be set with a password that is, e.g., two 16 bit words in length. When revocable lock 983 is open, the power supply 910 will accept IR commands, e.g., via I/R port 980, which can be used to set the operating mode, V1 and V2 set points, screen current (max I3), maximum gain (max V2), V1 refresh rate, and other parameters. Once revocable lock 983 is closed the only user programmable factors, in accordance with one implementation, are the maximum gain and limited readback functions. If several attempts (e.g., three) are made to crack the revocable lock 983 using an incorrect password, then the non-revocable lock 984 may be activated. In an embodiment, engaging non-revocable lock 984 causes portions of the IR read code to be inoperable (e.g., no setting values can be read but serial numbers, general operating status are operable). Under the non-revocable lock 984, and in one implementation, not even factory codes can force the power supply 910 to accept new parameters through the IR programming port 980. Similar to the state where the revocable lock 983 is engaged, the supply may still accept maximum gain and limited readback commands but nothing else.
The fuse 982 may be blown immediately after the proper loading of the code has been verified during the manufacturing process.
In sum, the embodiments described herein provide a digitally controlled power supply for a light intensifier tube that provides multiple light level management processes, based on a plurality of adjustable parameters, for controlling the performance of a night vision device, and for ensuring that an intended level of performance is not impermissibly changed.
Although the disclosed inventions are illustrated and described herein as embodied in one or more specific examples, it is nevertheless not intended to be limited to the details shown, since various modifications and structural changes may be made therein without departing from the scope of the inventions and within the scope and range of equivalents of the claims. In addition, various features from one of the embodiments may be incorporated into another of the embodiments. Accordingly, it is appropriate that the appended claims be construed broadly and in a manner consistent with the scope of the disclosure as set forth in the following claims.