Patent Application
20200172259
The present subject matter relates generally to a propulsion engine for an aeronautical vehicle having a thermal management system, and a propulsion system including one or more of such propulsion engines.
Distributed electric power propulsion systems for aeronautical vehicles, such as airplanes, have been proposed wherein a plurality of electric propulsors are arranged along, e.g., the lengths of the wings of the aircraft and/or at an empennage of the aircraft. A central electrical power source may be provided to generate or store electric power, and a distribution bus may distribute the electric power to each of the plurality of electric propulsors. Some of these electric propulsion systems may utilize one or more underwing gas turbine engines to generate electric power, or alternatively may have a dedicated turboshaft engine to generate electric power.
Regardless, the electric propulsors generate heat during operation that must be rejected. Proposed systems generally utilize a thermal bus circulating a liquid phase thermal fluid to each of the plurality of electric propulsors to gather heat from the plurality of electric propulsors and reject such heat through one or more heat sinks. However, such systems generally require long lengths of conduit, a large amount of thermal transfer fluid, and accessory systems, together adding weight, cost and complication.
Accordingly, a thermal management system for a distributed electric propulsion system having a reduced complexity, weight, and/or cost would be useful.
Aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the following description, or may be obvious from the description, or may be learned through practice of the invention.
In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a propulsion engine is provided for an aeronautical vehicle defining a radial direction and an air flowpath. The propulsion engine includes a power source; and a fan including a fan blade rotatable by the power source and extending generally along the radial direction, the fan blade defining an inlet, an outlet, and an air passage extending between the inlet and the outlet and in airflow communication with the air flowpath, the inlet being positioned inward from the outlet along the radial direction to provide an airflow through the air flowpath.
In certain exemplary embodiments the power source is an electric machine including a rotor and a stator, wherein the air flowpath is a cooling air flowpath in thermal communication with the electric machine, and wherein the fan blade is attached to the rotor of the electric machine.
In certain exemplary embodiments the fan blade of the fan defines an inner end and an outer end along the radial direction, wherein the inlet is defined at the inner end, and wherein the outlet is defined at the outer end.
For example, in certain exemplary embodiments the power source is an electric machine including a rotor and a stator, wherein the inner end of the fan blade is coupled to the rotor of the electric machine, and wherein the fan is configured to induce an airflow through the air flowpath.
In certain exemplary embodiments the propulsion engine includes a cowling, wherein the power source is positioned within the cowling, and wherein the inlet of the fan blade is also positioned within the cowling.
For example, in certain exemplary embodiments the cowling defines an opening, wherein the air flowpath extends between a first end and a second end, wherein the first end is in airflow communication with the opening of the cowling, and wherein the second end is in airflow communication with the inlet of the fan blade.
For example, in certain exemplary embodiments the opening of the cowling is positioned aft of the fan blade of the fan.
In certain exemplary embodiments the power source is an electric machine including a rotor and a stator, wherein the air flowpath of the propulsion engine is a cooling air flowpath defined at least in part by the electric machine and is in thermal communication with the stator of the electric machine.
In certain exemplary embodiments the power source is an electric machine including a rotor and a stator, wherein the fan blade of the fan defines an inner end and an outer end along the radial direction, wherein the inlet is defined at the inner end, wherein the outlet is defined at the outer end, wherein the outer end of the fan blade is coupled to the rotor of the electric machine, and wherein the fan is configured to provide the airflow to the air flowpath of the electric machine.
In certain exemplary embodiments the propulsion engine is an electric fan, and wherein the power source is an electric motor.
In certain exemplary embodiments the power source is an electric machine, wherein the propulsion engine is a gas turbine engine including a fan section and a turbomachine, and wherein the fan section includes the fan and the electric machine.
In certain exemplary embodiments the fan blade is a first fan blade of a plurality of fan blades of the fan, wherein each of the plurality of fan blades of the fan defines a respective inlet, a respective outlet, and a respective air passage extending between the respective inlet and outlet, and wherein each of the respective air passages of the plurality of fan blades is in airflow communication with the air flowpath.
In certain exemplary embodiments the aeronautical vehicle is an airplane, a helicopter, or an unmanned aeronautical vehicle.
In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, an aeronautical vehicle is provided. The aeronautical vehicle includes a fuselage; a wing coupled to and extending from the fuselage; and a propulsion system including one or more propulsion engines coupled to the fuselage, the wing, or both, each of the one or more propulsion engines defining a cooling air flowpath. Each of the of the one or more propulsion engines including a power source; and a fan including a fan blade rotatable by the respective power source and extending generally along the radial direction, the fan blade defining an inlet, an outlet, and a cooling air passage extending between the inlet and the outlet and in airflow communication with the respective cooling air flowpath, the inlet being positioned inward from the outlet along the radial direction to provide a cooling airflow through the cooling air flowpath.
In certain exemplary embodiments the one or more propulsion engines includes at least two propulsion engines.
In certain exemplary embodiments the fan blade of the fan of each propulsion engine defines an inner end and an outer end along the radial direction, wherein the inlet is defined at the inner end, and wherein the outlet is defined at the outer end.
For example, in certain exemplary embodiments the inner end of the fan blade is coupled to the power source, and wherein the fan is configured to induce a cooling airflow through the cooling air flowpath.
In certain exemplary embodiments each propulsion engine includes a cowling, wherein the power source of each propulsion engine is positioned within the cowling, and wherein the inlet of the fan blade of the fan of each propulsion engine is also positioned within the cowling.
For example, in certain exemplary embodiments the cowling of each propulsion engine defines an opening, wherein the cooling air flowpath of each propulsion engine extends between a first end and a second end, wherein the first end is in airflow communication with the opening of the respective cowling, and wherein the second end is in airflow communication with the inlet of the respective fan blade.
In certain exemplary embodiments the fan blade of the fan of each propulsion engine defines an inner end and an outer end along the radial direction, wherein the inlet is defined at the inner end, wherein the outlet is defined at the outer end, wherein the outer end of the fan blade is coupled to the power source of the respective propulsion engine, and wherein the fan of the respective propulsion engine is configured to provide the cooling airflow to the cooling air flowpath of the respective propulsion engine.
These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with reference to the following description and appended claims. The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
A full and enabling disclosure of the present invention, including the best mode thereof, directed to one of ordinary skill in the art, is set forth in the specification, which makes reference to the appended figures, in which:
Reference will now be made in detail to present embodiments of the invention, one or more examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The detailed description uses numerical and letter designations to refer to features in the drawings. Like or similar designations in the drawings and description have been used to refer to like or similar parts of the invention.
The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any implementation described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other implementations.
As used herein, the terms “first”, “second”, and “third” may be used interchangeably to distinguish one component from another and are not intended to signify location or importance of the individual components.
The terms “forward” and “aft” refer to relative positions within an engine or vehicle, and refer to the normal operational attitude of the engine or vehicle. For example, with regard to an engine, forward refers to a position closer to an engine inlet and aft refers to a position closer to an engine nozzle or exhaust.
The terms “upstream” and “downstream” refer to the relative direction with respect to fluid flow in a fluid pathway. For example, “upstream” refers to the direction from which the fluid flows, and “downstream” refers to the direction to which the fluid flows.
The terms “coupled,” “fixed,” “attached to,” and the like refer to both direct coupling, fixing, or attaching, as well as indirect coupling, fixing, or attaching through one or more intermediate components or features, unless otherwise specified herein.
The singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
Approximating language, as used herein throughout the specification and claims, is applied to modify any quantitative representation that could permissibly vary without resulting in a change in the basic function to which it is related. Accordingly, a value modified by a term or terms, such as “about”, “approximately”, and “substantially”, are not to be limited to the precise value specified. In at least some instances, the approximating language may correspond to the precision of an instrument for measuring the value, or the precision of the methods or machines for constructing or manufacturing the components and/or systems. For example, the approximating language may refer to being within a 10 percent margin.
Here and throughout the specification and claims, range limitations are combined and interchanged, such ranges are identified and include all the sub-ranges contained therein unless context or language indicates otherwise. For example, all ranges disclosed herein are inclusive of the endpoints, and the endpoints are independently combinable with each other.
Referring now to the drawings, wherein identical numerals indicate the same elements throughout the figures,
The exemplary aircraft 10 of
In addition, the propulsion system 100 further includes a power source 104 and an electrical power distribution bus 106. For the embodiment shown, the power source 104 is a central power source configured to generate and/or store electrical power. For example, the power source 104 may include one or more gas turbine engines, such as one or more turboshaft engines configured to rotate a respective one or more electric generators. Additionally, or alternatively, the power source 104 may include means for storing electrical power, such as one or more batteries. The electrical power distribution bus 106 is electrically coupled to each of the plurality of propulsion engines 102 and the power source 104, such that the electrical power distribution bus 106 may provide electrical power from the power source 104 to each of the plurality of propulsion engines 102.
It should be appreciated, however, that in other embodiments the electric propulsion system 100 may be configured in any other suitable manner. For example, in other embodiments, the propulsion system 100 may have any other suitable number and/or arrangement of propulsion engines 102. For example, in other exemplary embodiments, the one or more propulsion engines 102 may include fixed propulsion engines (such as is shown), rotating propulsion engines (such as in vertical takeoff and landing aircraft), under-wing mounted propulsion engines (such as is shown), propulsion engines housed within the fuselage 12 or wings 20, etc. Further, the propulsion system 100 may have any other suitable power source 104. For example, in other embodiments, the propulsion system 100 may utilize, e.g., one or more underwing-mounted gas turbine engines to generate thrust for the aircraft 10, as well as to drive one or more electric machines to generate electrical power for the electric propulsion engines 102. Further, although for the embodiment shown the propulsion system 100 is depicted with an aircraft 10 configured as an airplane, in other embodiments, any other suitable aeronautical vehicle may be used. For example, in other embodiments, the propulsion system 100 may instead be operable with a helicopter or other vertical takeoff and landing vehicle, an unmanned aeronautical vehicle, etc.
Referring now to
The propulsion engine 102 defines an axial direction A, a central axis 108 extending along the axial direction A, a radial direction R, and a circumferential direction C. Further, the propulsion engine 102 generally includes an electric machine 110 (which for the embodiment depicted is generally operable as an electric motor), a fan 112, and a cowling 114.
The electric machine 110 includes a rotor 116 and a stator 118, with the rotor 116 rotatable about the axis 108 in the circumferential direction C relative to the stator 118. Further, the rotor 116 and the stator 118 are enclosed within an electric machine casing 120 for the embodiment shown, and the electric machine casing 120 is enclosed within the cowling 114. The electric machine 110 may be configured to receive electrical power from, e.g., a power source of a propulsion system including the exemplary propulsion engine 102 (not shown; see, e.g., power source 104 of propulsion system 100 of
Referring still to
As will be explained in more detail below, the fan blade 122 defines an inner end 128 and an outer end 130 along the radial direction R. As used herein, the term “inner end” refers to an inner twenty-five percent (25%) of the fan blade 122 (based on a total span of the fan blade 122), and the term outer “outer end” refers to an outer twenty-five percent (25%) of the fan blade 122 (again based on the total span of the fan blade 122).
As will be appreciated, during operation of the propulsion engine 102, the electric machine 110 may generate an amount of heat which needs to be at least in part actively rejected to prevent, or minimize a likelihood of, any damage to the propulsion engine 102. Accordingly, the propulsion engine 102 defines a cooling air flowpath 132 in thermal communication with the electric machine 110. Further, the fan blade 122 of the fan 112 defines an inlet 134, an outlet 136, and a cooling air passage 138 extending between the inlet 134 and the outlet 136 and in airflow communication with the cooling air flowpath 132 of the propulsion engine 102. The inlet 134 of the fan blade 122 is positioned inward from the outlet 136 of the fan blades 122 along the radial direction R to provide a cooling airflow 146 (see
Referring now also to
As is also depicted, the cooling air flowpath 132 of the propulsion engine 102 extends between a first end 148 (i.e., an inlet for the embodiment shown) and a second end 150 (i.e., an outlet for the embodiment shown). The first end 148 of the cooling air flowpath 132 is in airflow communication with the opening 140 of the cowling 114, and the second end 150 of the cooling air flowpath 132 is in airflow communication with the inlet 134 of the fan blade 122. Moreover, as noted above, the cooling air flowpath 132 is in thermal communication with the electric machine 110. More specifically, for the embodiment shown, the cooling air flowpath 132 of the propulsion engine 102 is defined at least in part by the electric machine 110 and is in thermal communication with the stator 118 of the electric machine 110. More specifically, still, for the embodiment shown the cooling air flowpath 132 extends through the electric machine casing 120 and over the stator 118 of the electric machine 110.
Although a single opening 140 in the cowling 114 and single cooling air flowpath 132 are depicted, in certain embodiments, the cowling 114 may define a plurality of openings 140 spaced along the circumferential direction C, and the cooling air flowpath 132 may include a plurality of cooling air flowpaths 132 similarly spaced along the circumferential direction C. Further, it will be appreciated that the propulsion engine 102 includes a stationary to rotating airflow member 152 at the second end 150 of the cooling air flowpath 132 for rotating the cooling airflow 146 in the circumferential direction C (to match the rotation of the fan blade 122) and for providing such cooling airflow 146 to the inlet 134 of the fan blade 122. For example, the stationary to rotating airflow member 152 may be an inducer, may include a plurality of stator vanes, and/or may have any other suitable structure.
Referring back generally to
During operation of the exemplary propulsion engine 102 depicted in
As noted above, it will be appreciated that although the outlet 136 of each fan blade 122 is defined at the radially outer end 130 and the inlet 134 of each fan blade 122 is defined at the radially inner end 128, in other embodiments, the outlet 136 and/or the inlet 134 may be positioned at any other suitable location so long as the inlet 134 is positioned inward of the outlet 136 along the radial direction R. Varying a separation distance of the inlet 134 and outlet 136 may vary an amount of cooling airflow 146 through the cooling air flowpath 132 of the propulsion engine 102 during operation by varying an amount of delta pressure through the cooling air passages 138. Such may thus vary the amount of cooling of the electric machine 110. In one or more these embodiments, the propulsion engine 102 may be configured to provide at least about 0.5 pounds per second of cooling airflow 146 through the cooling air passage 138 of each fan blade 122 and up to about five (5) pounds per second of cooling airflow 146 through the cooling air passage 138 of each fan blade 122. However, in other embodiments, any other suitable amount of airflow may be provided.
It will further be appreciated that in other embodiments of the present disclosure, the propulsion engine 102 may have any other suitable configuration. For example, although for the embodiment of
Further, in still other exemplary embodiments, referring now to
For example, the exemplary propulsion engine 102 of
Further, the fan blade 122 of the fan 112 is attached to the rotor 116 of the electric machine 110 and extends generally between an inner end 128 and an outer end 130 along the radial direction R. The inner end 128 of the fan blade 122 of the fan 112 is at least partially enclosed within the cowling 114. However, for the embodiment shown, the fan blade 122 is not coupled to the rotor 116 of the electric machine 110 at the inner end 128, and instead the outer end 130 of the fan blade 122 is coupled to the rotor 116 of the electric machine 110. In such a manner, it will be appreciated that the electric machine 110 is generally configured as a rim motor. More specifically, for the embodiment shown, the propulsion engine 102 further includes an outer nacelle 154. The stator 118 of the electric machine 110 is coupled to, or otherwise positioned within, the outer nacelle 154. The rotor 116 of the electric machine 110 is coupled to the outer end 130 of the fan blade 122, or rather, the outer ends 130 of the plurality of fan blades 122 of the fan 112. In such a manner, the electric machine 110 may drive the fan 112 by rotating the outer ends 130 of the plurality of fan blades 122.
Notably, with such a configuration, the outlet 136 of the fan blade 122 is again defined at the outer end 130 of the fan blade 122 and the fan 112 is configured to provide a cooling airflow 146 through the cooling air passage 138 to the cooling air flowpath 132 of the electric machine 110. Notably, the cooling air flowpath 132 extends generally between a first end 148 in airflow communication with a first opening 156 in the outer nacelle 154, aft of the fan blade 122 and aft of the stator 118, to a second end 150 in airflow communication with a second opening 158 in the outer nacelle 154, forward of the fan blade 122 and forward of the stator 118. The first and second openings 156, 158 in the outer nacelle 154 are defined on an inside surface 160 of the outer nacelle 154. However, as is depicted in phantom, in other embodiments, the second opening 158 may instead be defined on an outer surface 162 of the outer nacelle 154 (or elsewhere). Further, in other embodiments, the cooling air flowpath 132 may extend in any other suitable manner.
It will further be appreciated that in still other exemplary embodiments, the propulsion engine 102 may be any other suitable propulsion engine 102. For example, referring now to
As shown in
Briefly, the exemplary turbomachine 204 depicted generally includes a substantially tubular outer casing 206 that defines an annular inlet 208. The outer casing 206 encases, in serial flow relationship, a compressor section including a booster or low pressure (LP) compressor 210 and a high pressure (HP) compressor 212; a combustion section 214; a turbine section including a high pressure (HP) turbine 216 and a low pressure (LP) turbine 218; and a jet exhaust nozzle section 220. A high pressure (HP) shaft or spool 222 drivingly connects the HP turbine 216 to the HP compressor 212. A low pressure (LP) shaft or spool 224 drivingly connects the LP turbine 218 to the LP compressor 210.
For the embodiment depicted, the fan section 202 includes a fan 226 having a plurality of fan blades 228 coupled to a disk 230 in a spaced apart manner. The disk 230 is covered by rotatable front hub 236. As is depicted, the fan blades 228 extend outwardly from disk 230 generally along the radial direction R. Additionally, the exemplary fan section 202 includes an annular fan casing or outer nacelle 238 that circumferentially surrounds the fan 226 and/or at least a portion of the turbomachine 204. The nacelle 238 is supported relative to the turbomachine 204 by a plurality of circumferentially-spaced outlet guide vanes 240.
Notably, the turbofan 200 of
Notably, the electric machine 110 may drive the fan 226 during operation of the turbofan 200. In such a manner, the fan 226 may be driven at a different rotational speed than the turbomachine 204, such as the LP shaft 224 of the turbomachine 204. Although not depicted, in certain embodiments, the turbomachine 204, such as the LP shaft 224 of the turbomachine 204, may further drive a separate electric machine (operable as an electric generator) for extracting power from the turbomachine 204 and driving the fan 226.
It should be appreciated, however, that the exemplary turbofan engine 200 depicted in
Moreover, although throughout the present application the cooling air passage 138 is described as being used to induce a cooling airflow over an electric machine 110, in other embodiments, the cooling air passage 138 may additionally or alternatively be used to generate a cooling airflow over any other suitable components of a gas turbine engine, an electric propulsion engine, or a combination thereof. For example, the cooling air passage 138 may be used to generate a cooling airflow over/through a gearbox, a lubricating oil system, or any other component or system of the gas turbine engine, electric propulsion engine, hybrid electric engine, etc.
Further, although the cooling air passage 138 is described as providing a cooling airflow 146 through a cooling air flowpath 132 during operation, in other embodiments, the configurations described herein may not necessarily be used for cooling (e.g., the cooling air passage 138 may simply be an air passage for providing an airflow through an air flowpath). In such an exemplary embodiment, the air passage may be configured for providing air for purposes other than, or in addition to, cooling, such as for anti-icing, for an aircraft system (such as an aircraft cabin system), etc.
This written description uses examples to disclose the invention, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they include structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal languages of the claims.
