Patent Application
20060037287
The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a protected vial and to a protected vial which can be manufactured according to this method.
Vials are frequently used in medical practice. Usually, vials consist of a container filled with a medicinal fluid and sealed with a seal which can be pierced with a hypodermic needle. The vial is often also provided with a protective cap which needs to be removed before use. In the process of producing these vials, there is a considerable chance of medicinal fluid ending up on the outside of the vial. Therefore, after filling and sealing, the vials are rinsed in order to remove this fluid. However, it is known from practice that the outside of a vial is not always clean, i.e. free from contamination with an active substance. In that case, rinsing has not led to complete removal, and still traces of the active substance have remained.
Often, the fact that traces of an active substance remain does not constitute a problem, but in certain cases, such as for example in the case of cytostatics and antibiotics, this is different. For instance, it is known that cytostatics can absorb on glass. This may then cause hospital and pharmacy employees, in dealing with such vials, to undesirably get in contact with these possibly highly toxic substances. In the case of antibiotics, contamination on the outside is undesirable, because this may lead to faster resistance of micro-organisms against the antibiotics concerned when these micro-organisms get in contact with the vial, or when the antibiotics concerned get in contact with micro-organisms carried by hospital and pharmacy employees.
An important objective of the present invention is to cancel the above-mentioned disadvantages and thereby preventing its negative consequences. To that end, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a protected vial, wherein a tight-fitting envelope is applied around a vial after its filling and sealing.
Because of this, a possible contamination which remains on the outside of the vial after rinsing the vial is encapsulated between the vial and the tight-fitting envelope. Hereby, a user is no longer exposed to toxic substances, because the user will not touch the vial itself, but will touch the envelope. Because the envelope fits tightly around the vial, one keeps the normal physical “feeling” with the vial during use, so that its further processing remains the same. With regard to developing resistance, micro-organisms now do not get a chance to get in contact with traces of antibiotics on the outside of the vial. An additional advantage is that if a vial breaks, the envelope will still take care of holding the pieces of glass together, and possibly the fluid is prevented from leaking away.
The application of a protective envelope takes place after successively filling and sealing the vial; however, it is also possible that the vial is first provided with a sealing member, then filled and subsequently provided with the protective envelope.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a glass vial is provided with a tight-fitting synthetic envelope over its entire outside, with the exception of the protective cap. This envelope has been slid over the vial with little space and has shrunk under application of heat, and is thereby fitted tightly around the vial. The envelope may exist as one piece. However, it may also be composed of two parts, wherein the bottom of the vial is covered by a sticker and the side wall is covered by a sleeve, partly overlapping the sticker along a circumferential edge of the bottom.
These and other aspects, features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained by the following description with reference to the attached drawing, in which:
FIGS. 2A-E schematically illustrate the successive steps of manufacturing of the protected vial of
In
In
The protected vial 1 is manufactured in steps which are described in the following and which are illustrated in the FIGS. 2A-E, in a simplified way. At first an empty vial 2, known per se, is provided (
Alternatively, filling the vial 2 may also take place after attaching the sealing member 4.
In a manufacturing process suitable for manufacturing a protected vial 100 with a bottom sticker, a bottom sticker 602 is attached to the bottom 202 of the vial 2 before the synthetic sleeve 601 is slid over the vial 2.
In order to investigate the effect of providing vials 2 with a sleeve 601 and a bottom sticker 602 on an outside contamination of the vials, tests have been performed (Report for Pharmachemie BV, Haarlem, The Netherlands, by Exposure Control BV, Wijchen, The Netherlands and University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands), during which the outside contamination of protected vials 100 and unprotected vials 2 containing cisplatin was measured. Extracts from the outside of the vials were destructed into platinum and analyzed with stripping voltametry (Metrohm Application Bulletin No. 220/1. Determine of ultratrace levels of platinum by stripping voltametry). Details of the tests are presented in the following table.
The tested vials were put in a single container. The containers were filled with 0.5 M HCl until the vials were completely immersed. The containers were closed, and after ultrasonification for 30 minutes, the vials were removed from the containers. During ultrasonification, cisplatin contamination on the outside of the vials was assumed to be dissolved in the HCl solvent.
Sample pre-treatment and analysis with stripping voltametry was performed according to standard procedures. One ml of the cisplatin extract was destructed into a platinum-complex using hydrogen peroxide, formaldehyde and UV-light, resulting in the formation of platinum (Pt). It is a known fact that cisplatin contains about 65% platinum. Analysis of platinum was performed in triplicate with a relative standard deviation of 2-3%. The limit of detection was 10 ng/l of extract. Samples were diluted and reanalyzed in case high concentrations were encountered. Ten blank samples (empty vials) were extracted, analyzed and compared to the cisplatin vials to correct for background values of platinum (50 ng/l extract).
Values of absolute amounts of contamination found on the vials (Pt-abs) were compared between the protected vials 100 and the unprotected vials 2 with a Wilcoxon test. This test was also applied on the values of contamination per area surface (Pt-area), the values of contamination related to the contents of the vial (Pt-ratio out/in) and to all values corrected for blanks. P-values of 0.05 or less were considered significant. Data were characterized by median, range and quartiles.
Results of the tests are presented in the following table.
*BV = Background Values
It is clear from the above table, in particular from the median data, that all parameters are significantly lower for the protected vials 100 compared to the unprotected vials 2. This proves that providing the vial 2 with an envelope 6 leads to a significant reduction of the outside contamination of the vial 2.
In order to investigate the effect of providing vials 2 with a sleeve 601 and a bottom sticker 602 on risks associated with accidental dropping of the thus obtained protected vials 100, drop tests have been performed (Report for Pharmachemie BV, Haarlem, The Netherlands, by Topa Instituut, Voorhout, the Netherlands; report number T04-1068). The applied test procedure consists of the following parts:
1) Drop Test from Drop Height of 120 cm
This test has been performed to simulate the accidental dropping of protected vials 100 from a table on a hospital floor. The drop height is 120 cm on random positions of the vials 100 (top, bottom or side). The surface on which the drops have taken place is a “Linoleum” plate, which simulates a hospital floor. Five drops have been performed with three different types of vials, namely 10 ml vials, 50 ml vials and 100 ml vials.
2) Drop Test from Drop Height of 185 cm
This test has been performed to see what happens if the protected vial 100 falls from a shelf on a hospital floor. The drop height is 185 cm on random positions of the vials 100 (top, bottom or side). The surface on which the drops take place is the above-mentioned “Linoleum” plate.
The results of the drop test from the drop height of 120 cm are presented in the following table. For sake of completeness, it is noted that, in the table, the protected vials 100 are indicated as vials with cover, whereas unprotected vials 2, i.e. vials 2 without an envelope 6, are indicated as vials without cover.
The results of the drop test from the drop height of 185 cm are presented in the following table.
From the results of the drop tests, it is concluded that providing a vial 2 with a sleeve 601 and a bottom sticker 602 does not lead to an improved protection of the vials 2 against breakage, However, it has appeared that if such a vial 2 sustains damage, the vial 2 often gets cracked rather than broken. Furthermore, it has appeared that if such a vial 2 breaks or cracks, in 50% of these cases, the vial 2 still contains its contents. In all cases of breakage of an unprotected vial 2, the contents are spilled over the floor. Therefore, the conclusion is justified that the application of the sleeve 601 and the bottom sticker 602 leads to a safer handling of the vials.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrations of possibilities of the present invention. Several modifications and adjustments are possible within the scope of protection of the invention as defined by the attached claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1026870 | Aug 2004 | NL | national |
| 1027179 | Oct 2004 | NL | national |
