Patent Application
20240065274
The present invention relates to a protective composition against damage to plants, which repairs and stimulates their tissues growth, and more particularly relates to a composition based on plant extracts enriched in phenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, which protects plants against damage caused by biotic and abiotic stress agents, and that also provides a growth-stimulating and repairing effect on plant tissues, increasing the productivity of the crops to which it is applied.
Monocultures are controlled environments that require constant intervention by farmers in order to maintain the good health of the cultivated plants, since being organisms with so little genetic variability, they are susceptible to easily being damaged by biotic and abiotic stress agents. In addition, most biotic and abiotic stress agents cause irreversible damage to the aerial structures of crops, which greatly restricts effective treatment options; so the affected plants must be discarded as viable production units, even when they survive.
In most cases, plants damaged by biotic or abiotic stress agents rarely can be used as producer organisms, so farmers prefer to discard them avoiding inversion of resources to their maintenance. However, late in the crop cycle, the loss of these damaged plants can greatly decrease production yields, since new healthy organisms cannot replace them.
Most of the available treatments on market, are only focused on the control of biotic stress agents such as phytopathogenic and are intended solely to reduce the number of infectious agents so that they cannot continue with the infection process in new organisms. However, these treatments are not designed to prevent or repair the damage caused to the affected plant tissue, so the plant that has already been subjected to infection hardly has sufficient energy reserves to be able to recover from damage caused by biotic stress agents.
Notwithstanding, there are currently some formulations to control damage caused by abiotic stress agents on plant tissues, which use compounds of plant origin as active ingredients. Among the available options are compositions with Aloe vera extracts, which are used as protective agents against physical damage. For example, the development described in Patent Application MX/a/2015/010277 uses an Aloe vera extract in a composition proportion of between 70 and 92%, together with other compounds such as disaccharides and free amino acids. The mentioned composition proved to increase the growth rate of plants in which it was applied; however, the increase in growth rate is hardly significant, since the percentage of survival of plants is very low, being less than 50%. Therefore, the use of the composition described in this document would not guarantee the total recovery of a crop subjected to stress caused by biotic or abiotic agents.
Patent application MX/a/2017/005207 describes an antifungal composition of Larrea tridentata with Aloe vera. This composition proved to be effective in controlling various phytopathogenic fungi, and it was shown that tomato plants to which the composition was applied presented a better appearance. However, the composition described has not been shown to repair damage caused by biotic or abiotic stress agents, nor to promote plant growth, so it is necessary to use other types of products to provide nutrients to the crops that guarantee their correct development.
None of the aforementioned developments allows the regeneration of damaged plant tissue caused by biotic or abiotic stress agents, to a sufficient degree to allow the long-term survival of the affected plants. In addition, even after biotic or abiotic stress agents have been controlled, there is a considerable decrease in crop yield. Therefore, none of the available products is capable of protecting against damage and at the same time promoting plant growth to promote regeneration of damaged tissues, so that plants, if they survive the infection, present extensive regions of altered tissues that limit its correct development, which in many cases leads to the impossibility of producing the cultivable structures of the plant.
In view of the above problems, there is a need to provide a protective and regenerative composition for plant tissues damaged by biotic or abiotic stress agents, which can be used on commercial crops in order to repair serious damage to aerial parts caused by said agents of biotic and abiotic stress. Likewise, there is a need to provide a protective composition, which also serves as a plant growth stimulant and promoter of regeneration of damaged plant tissues, so that the affected plants can recover from serious damage, without there a significant decrease in crop production.
To overcome the limitations of available protective and plant growth-stimulating compositions, the present invention aims to provide a protective composition against plant damage, and repair and stimulate their tissue growth, which has the ability to improve the yield of crops in which it is applied as well as to guarantee the life of the plant.
An additional objective of the present invention is to provide a protective composition against damage to plants, and repair and stimulate their tissue growth, which promotes the active regeneration of tissues damaged by biotic stress agents such as phytopathogenic agents, and other abiotic stresses such as drought, cold, salinity or change in soil pH.
Another objective of the present invention is to provide a protective composition against damage to plants, and repair and stimulate their tissue growth, which stimulates flowering, increases fruit filling, promotes the development of leaves, and increases the stem thickness of plants in crops where it is applied.
The aforementioned as well as other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description thereof.
The patent or application file contains at least one drawing executed in color. Copies of this patent or patent application publication with color drawing(s) will be provided by the Office upon request and payment of the necessary fee.
The present invention relates to a protective composition against damage caused in plants by biotic stress agents such as phytopathogenic agents selected from the group consisting of fungi, bacteria, viruses, and insect pests; and from abiotic stress agents such as salinity, drought, cold, and/or changes in soil pH. In addition, the composition of the present invention works as a plant growth stimulant, without causing morphological alterations in the plant tissues to which it is applied. Likewise, the composition of the present invention stimulates flowering, increases fruit filling, promotes the development of leaves, and increases stem thickness, thus increasing the yield of the crops in which it is applied, also improving the quality of the fruits produced causing an increase in their Brix degrees.
The protective composition against damage to plants, and repairing and stimulating the growth of their tissues of the present invention, comprises between 80% and 94% of an Aloe vera extract with a concentration of phenols between 10 and 20 mg/l and; between 6% and 20% of a vegetable dye, with an anthocyanin concentration of between 100 and 400 mg/L.
The composition of the present invention may additionally comprise between 5 to 7% free corn amino acids; and/or between 0.2 and 0.4% xanthan gum; and/or between 10 and 20% of a vegetable extract of purslane; and/or between 0.005 and 0.01% molasses.
The addition of free corn amino acids and/or xanthan gum enhances the composition's tissue growth-stimulating effect, while the addition of purslane extract provides the composition with a cryoprotective effect, and the addition of molasses enhances the protective effect against damage caused by drought.
The composition of the present invention is obtained by the following procedure:
The method described above may further comprise a step of:
Preferably, the free corn amino acids used in the composition of the present invention are obtained from the following procedure:
The composition of the present invention is formulated in such a way that it can be applied directly on the aerial parts of the crops, on the root ball of the seedlings or directly on the soil, diluted at a proportion of 1-2 L in 100-300 L water, using conventional spray equipment. Furthermore, the composition of the present invention has been shown to have good stability and can be stored at a temperature between 25 and 45° C. for a period of up to 2 years, which is corroborated by effectiveness tests carried out at different storage times.
To evidence the protective and repairing capacities, as well as the stimulation of plant tissue growth of the composition of the present invention, the following tests were carried out:
1) Stimulation of Vegetative Shoots after Defoliation; and Stimulation of Flower Bud, Flower Set and Fruit Set in Blackberry Cultivation (Rubus Ulmifolius)
Tests of the composition of the present invention added with corn amino acids and xanthan gum were carried out in a blackberry crop (Rubus ulmifolius), in the community of Taretan, Michoacán. In these tests, the total surface of the crop was divided into two sections (A and B). The experimental unit consisted of 1 hectare in both sections. In section (A) vegetative development was stimulated and accelerated, and in section (B) flower bud, flower set, and fruit set were stimulated. For this, on Sep. 8, 2020, 1 L of the composition of the present invention added with free corn amino acids and xanthan gum was applied in 200 L of water by foliar route in section (A) of the plants, and in section (B) 1L of the composition of the present invention and 1 kg of Mix Zn—B in 200 L of water were applied by foliar route, leaving 5 furrows as a witness in the section (A) and 5 grooves in section (B). Two evaluations were carried out at 10-day intervals, starting on Sep. 8, 2020, and ending on Sep. 18, 2020. The results of the tests are shown in Table 1.
2) Effectiveness of the Composition of the Present Invention to Increase Stem Thickness and Foliar Stimulation in Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis).
The test was carried out in San Luis de la Paz, Guanajuato, on an asparagus-producing ranch that belongs to Agrizar, from Mar. 19, 2020, to Apr. 3, 2020. First, the selection of the plants to be evaluated was made for both the control and the treatment. Subsequently, on Mar. 25, 2020, the application was carried out in a section of 1 Ha, using a dose of 2 L of the composition of the present invention with water consumption of 400 L per hectare. The application was carried out by foliar route using an M4025 tractor sprayer with 17 fan-type nozzles. On Apr. 1, 2020, the second application of the composition was carried out, at the same dose mentioned above. Finally, the selected plants were analyzed on Apr. 3, 2020. The results are shown in Tables 2 and 3.
Treatments with the composition of the present invention, showed an average growth (height) of 24.5 cm, while the control of 17.5 cm (7 cm less than the treated plants). The average thickness of the stem of the treated plants was 1.91 mm, while those that were not treated were 1.05 mm (0.86 mm less than those treated).
3) Effectiveness of the Composition of the Present Invention Added with Corn Amino Acids, as a Growth Inducer after Transplantation in Cultivation of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea).
The test was carried out in San Luis de La Paz, Guanajuato, on a ranch belonging to the El Sagrado Agricultural Company, from Apr. 21, 2020 to Apr. 30, 2020. The experimental unit consisted of 2 Ha. The first Application was to the soil on Apr. 21, 2020, and was carried out in a 2 Ha section at a dose of 1 L of the composition added with free corn amino acids per hectare, with water consumption of 500 L. The second application was carried out on Apr. 30, 2020, 9 days after the first application, with a water consumption per hectare of 600 L. Two plants with treatment and two control plants without treatment were selected at random, trying to ensure that they were under the same conditions at the beginning. The test results are shown in Tables 4 to 7.
As can be seen, with the treatment the plants have a stem thickness and a height greater than that of the controls. Additionally, the length and width of the leaves were compared, making a comparative assessment on May 5, 2020. It was found that the control leaves had a length of 9 cm and a width of 7 cm, while averages were obtained with the treatment. long and wide 11 cm and 12 cm respectively. The foregoing demonstrates that with the application of the composition of the present invention it is possible to induce the growth of broccoli seedlings after transplantation.
4) Effectiveness of the Composition Added with Free Corn Amino Acids and Xanthan Gum, for Cell Regeneration in Broccoli Poisoned by Insecticide Application, in Dolores Hidalgo, Guanajuato.
The test was carried out from Mar. 28, 2020 to Apr. 7, 2020, in Dolores Hidalgo, Guanajuato, on a ranch that belongs to Mar Bran Co. for the production of broccoli. The experimental unit consisted of 3 Ha. An application of the composition added with free corn amino acids and xanthan gum was made at a dose of 1 L per 600 L of water per hectare. The level of crop recovery after intoxication by a high-dose application of an insecticide was evaluated.
At the beginning of the test, the damage caused by a high dose of insecticide was 100% of the total number of plants, presenting burns on the leaves, causing death of the tissue (
5) Effectiveness of the Composition to Accelerate Vegetative Development in Pickle Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) var. tasty.
The test was carried out in Acambaro, Guanajuato, in one hectare. The application of the composition was carried out via foliar on Apr. 6, 2020, at a dose of 1 L per 200 L of water per hectare. The application ended on Apr. 13, 2020. 1 Ha of control and 1 Ha of treatment were taken to have a point of comparison. As can be seen in
6) Embryogenesis in Tobacco Plants.
To evaluate the effectiveness of the composition of the present invention in the generation of somatic embryos in tobacco plants, explants (plant tissues grown in vitro) were inoculated with their apical part in contact with the surface of Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. The medium (MS) contained 0.2 mg/L indoleacetic acid and 2.5 mg/L benzyl adenine for direct somatic embryogenesis induction. In order to assess the extent of the activity of the composition in embryogenesis, tests were performed in which only 10% of the inducers were added to the culture medium and compared to the Murashige and Skoog medium at 10% of inductors plus 1% of the composition of the present invention. Embryo development was better in the medium added with 1% of the composition of the present invention compared to that in which the medium contained only 10% of the inductors. Therefore, it can be concluded that the composition has cell regeneration capacity in explants of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum).
7) Tomato Plants Grown in MS Medium and Supplemented with the Composition Added with Molasses in Stress Situations.
Tomato plants were placed in closed containers with Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, and the following treatments were added to simulate stress conditions:
As a way to measure stress, catalase and peroxidase activity were measured in leaves and roots. These enzymes increase when there are free radicals. As can be seen in the graphs in
8) Tests with Tomato Plants Under Greenhouse Conditions.
Tomato plants were planted in pots in which the substrate was salinized with potassium chloride, the induction of physical damage was carried out with salicylic acid and water stress was induced by not watering the plants for two weeks. The plants were divided into two groups, one of which was added with the composition of the present invention added with molasses, diluted to 1%.
The tests carried out showed that, with the addition of the composition of the present invention added with molasses, greater growth of the plants is observed, with more abundant roots, firmer stems, and a greater number of leaves (
9) Application of the Composition Added with Purslane Extract in Bean Root Ball.
The composition of the present invention, added with purslane extract, was applied to the bean root ball at a concentration of 1% for 30 seconds, in bean seedlings that presented damage by mosquitoes and cold. As can be seen in Table 8, there is an increase in the total number of pods, their fresh weight, and the total number of leaves of the treated plants with respect to the control, which is indicative of the protective and regenerative effect on tissue damaged by biological and physical agents.
10) Application in Cucumber Root Ball.
The composition of the present invention added with molasses was applied to the root ball of cucumber seedlings at a concentration of 1% for a time of 30 seconds and they were sown in a greenhouse under controlled lighting and irrigation conditions. Plants without treatment were planted as controls. The plants were subjected to conditions without irrigation to generate drought stress. As can be seen in Table 9, the plants treated with the composition of the present invention added with molasses have a greater mass both in fresh weight and in dry weight with respect to the control without treatment, which is indicative of better growth under stress conditions.
Additionally, the number of fruits produced was counted, separating them by the size obtained, as shown in Table 10.
As seen in Table 10, there is a greater production of fruits in the treated plants, which indicates a better development of the plants and a better storage of energy reserves.
As can be evidenced from the tests shown above, the present invention allows to effectively control the damage caused by biotic and abiotic stress agents. In addition, it promotes the growth of crops, improving the vigor of the plants in which it is used.
The present invention has been described according to a preferred embodiment; however, it will be apparent to a person skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope.
