A well can be drilled into a subterranean structure for the purpose of recovering fluids from a reservoir in the subterranean structure. Examples of fluids include hydrocarbons, fresh water, or other fluids. Alternatively, a well can be used for injecting fluids into the subterranean structure.
Once a well is drilled, completion equipment can be installed in the well. Examples of completion equipment include a casing or liner to line a wellbore. Also, flow conduits, flow control devices, and other equipment can also be installed to perform production or injection operations.
In general, according to some implementations, a system or method includes providing coupler portions along a structure. The coupler portions are communicatively engageable with equipment in the structure.
Other or alternative features will become apparent from the following description, from the drawings, and from the claims.
Some embodiments are described with respect to the following figures:
As used here, the terms “above” and “below”; “up” and “down”; “upper” and “lower”; “upwardly” and “downwardly”; and other like terms indicating relative positions above or below a given point or element are used in this description to more clearly describe some embodiments of the invention. However, when applied to equipment and methods for use in wells that are deviated or horizontal, such terms may refer to a left to right, right to left, or diagonal relationship as appropriate.
Various types of components for use in well operations can employ any one or more of the following types of communications: electrical communications, hydraulic communications, and/or optical communications. Examples of components can include components of drilling equipment for drilling a well into a subterranean structure, or components of completion equipment for completing a well to allow for fluid production and/or injection operations. Examples of completion equipment components that can perform the various types of communications noted above include sensors, flow control devices, pumps, and so forth.
The various components can be provided at different points in the well. Due to configurations of equipment used for well operations, it can be challenging to deploy mechanisms for establishing electrical communication, hydraulic communication, and/or optical communication with some components.
In accordance with some embodiments, coupler portions can be provided along a well to provide discrete coupling points that can be selectively engaged to equipment for performing electrical communication, hydraulic communication, and/or optical communication. Such coupling points can be considered docking points (or docking stations) for docking or other engagement of a tool that has component(s) that is to communicate (electrically, hydraulically, and/or optically) with other equipment using respective coupler portion(s). In some implementations, the coupler portions can be inductive coupler portions. In further implementations, the coupler portions can include hydraulic coupler portions and/or optical coupler portions.
Electrical communication refers to electrical coupling between components to allow for communication of power and/or data between the components. As noted above, one type of electrical coupling is inductive coupling that is accomplished using an inductive coupler. An inductive coupler performs communication using induction. Induction involves transfer of a time-changing electromagnetic signal or power that does not rely upon a closed electrical circuit, but instead performs the transfer wirelessly. For example, if a time-changing current is passed through a coil, then a consequence of the time variation is that an electromagnetic field will be generated in the medium surrounding the coil. If a second coil is placed into that electromagnetic field, then a voltage will be generated on that second coil, which is referred to as the induced voltage. The efficiency of this inductive coupling generally increases as the coils of the inductive coupler are placed closer together.
Hydraulic communication between components refers to coupling hydraulic pressure between the components to allow for communication of hydraulic pressure for performing a hydraulic control operation. In some examples, hydraulic coupling can be accomplished by use of hydraulic communication ports in the coupler portions that can be sealingly engaged to allow for transfer of hydraulic fluid between the communication ports to respective hydraulic fluid paths.
Optical communication refers to communicating an optical signal between components. To perform optical communication, coupler portions can be provided with lenses and optical signal paths (e.g. optical fibers, optical waveguides, etc.) to communicate optical signals.
As further depicted in
The casing 102 and liner 112 of
In accordance with some embodiments, coupler portions 118, 120, and 122 are provided on the liner 112. A coupler portion is provided “on” the liner 112 if the coupler portion is attached to or mounted to the liner 112.
In some implementations, the coupler portions 118, 120, and 122 are inductive coupler portions, and more specifically, female inductive coupler portions. Each female inductive coupler portion is to communicatively engage with a corresponding male inductive coupler portion—engagement of the female inductive coupler portion with a male inductive coupler portion forms an inductive coupler to allow for electrical coupling of power and/or data.
Instead of or in addition to inductive coupler portions, the coupler portions 114, 116, and 118 can include hydraulic coupler portions and/or optical coupler portions. A hydraulic coupler portion allows for mating hydraulic engagement with another hydraulic coupler portion, such that hydraulic pressure can be communicated through the engaged hydraulic coupler portions. An optical coupler portion allows for communication of optical signals with a corresponding optical coupler portion.
More generally, communicative engagement of coupler portions can refer to aligning the coupler portions such that they are in position to communicate with each other, such as electrical communication, hydraulic communication, and/or optical communication.
If the coupler portions 118, 120, and 122 include hydraulic coupler portions, then the control line 124 can include a hydraulic control line that contains hydraulic fluids for delivering hydraulic pressure. If the coupler portions 118, 120, and 122 include optical coupler portions, then the control line 124 can include a fiber optic cable. In some implementations, the control line 124 can include multiple ones of an electrical cable, hydraulic control line, and fiber optic cable.
In examples according to
Pre-equipping the equipment shown in
In some implementations, the coupler portion 204 on the tubing string 202 includes a male inductive coupler portion for inductive engagement with the female inductive coupler portion 118 once the tubing string 202 is installed in the well. In further implementations, the tubing string coupler portion 204 can include a hydraulic coupler portion and/or an optical coupler portion for communicative engagement with the liner coupler portion 118.
The tubing string 202 further includes a control line 206 that extends from the tubing string coupler portion 204 to earth surface equipment at the earth surface 104. As shown in
Note that the control line 206 “extends” to the earth surface 104 if the control line 206 provides communication to the earth surface equipment without having to perform transformation or other type of coupling at any point in the well. For example, an electrical cable extends from a downhole location to the earth surface 104 if the electrical cable provides direct electrical communication from the downhole location (e.g. tubing string coupler portion 204) to surface equipment without passing through any intermediate inductive coupler portion or other intermediate device. Similarly, a hydraulic control line or fiber optic cable extends to the earth surface if the hydraulic control line or fiber optic cable is not passed through intermediate devices that perform some type of conversion on the hydraulic pressure or fiber optic signal.
Although the male coupler portion 204 is shown as being deployed by the tubing string 202 in
The equipment shown in
In examples according to
Sensors of the tool 210 can be used to sense various characteristics, such as temperature, pressure, fluid flow rate, and so forth. Actuators of the tool 210 can be commanded (by sending commands to the actuators from the surface control unit 208) to actuate designated devices, such as flow control devices, sealing devices, pumps, and so forth.
Although the sensors/actuators 212 are shown placed relatively close to the liner coupler portion 122 in
Installation of the tool 210 at the downhole location corresponding to the liner coupler portion 122 can be accomplished using any of various techniques, such as by use of coil tubing, a tractor, and so forth. Although not depicted in
As with the implementations depicted in
In examples according to
As with the example arrangement shown in
Communication between the tool 402 and the surface control unit 208 is accomplished using the control line 312 and coupler portions 404 and 306. Other tools similar to tool 402 can also be deployed for communicative engagement with the other female coupler portions 302 and 304. For example, as further shown in
Additionally, an upper portion of a liner 508 is mounted in the casing 502 using a liner hanger 511. The upper portion of the liner 508 also has a coupler portion 510 (e.g. a male coupler portion) for communicatively engaging with the casing coupler portion 506. In addition, the liner 508 has further coupler portions 512 and 514 provided at discrete positions below the upper coupler portion 510.
A control line 520 extends from the casing coupler portion 506 to earth surface equipment. Another control line 522 is connected to the coupler portions 510, 512, and 514.
During operation, a tool can be lowered through the casing 502 and into the liner 508, where the tool can include one or more coupler portions for communicatively engaging with respective one or more coupler portions 512 and 514 of the liner 508. Communication between earth surface equipment and such a tool can be performed using the control line 520, coupler portions 506 and 510, the control line 522, and a corresponding one of the liner coupler portions 512 and 514 to which the tool is engaged.
In accordance with further embodiments,
A liner 612 is mounted using a liner hanger 610, which is engaged to an inner wall of the casing 608. The liner 612 has coupler portions 614, 616, and 618. A control line 619 is connected to the coupler portions 614, 616, and 618. The liner 612 also has a window 620 through which a lateral tool 622 is able to extend. The window 620 in the liner 612 can be milled using drilling equipment for drilling into the lateral branch 604. The lateral tool 622 extends through the window 620 and into the lateral branch 604.
The lateral tool 636 also has sensors and/or actuators 638, which can be connected by a control line 623 (e.g. electrical cable, hydraulic control line, and/or fiber optic cable) to a coupler portion 640 at an upper portion of the lateral tool 622. The coupler portion 640 of the lateral tool 622 is communicatively engageable with the coupler portion 616 of the liner 612 once the lateral tool 622 is positioned through the window 620 into the lateral branch 604.
As further shown in
In operation, communication between the surface control unit 208 and the lateral tool 624 can be accomplished using the control line 634, coupler portions 632 and 614, control line 619, and coupler portions 626 and 618. Similarly, communication between the surface control unit 208 and the lateral tool 636 can be accomplished using the control line 634, coupler portions 632 and 614, control line 619, and coupler portions 640 and 616.
The tie-back liner 702 may be installed for various reasons. For example, the tie-back liner 702 may provide enhanced pressure capacity (ability to handle elevated internal pressure) as compared to the casing 704. Also, in some cases, the casing 704 may have questionable integrity, in which case the tie-back liner 702 can be installed to enhance integrity inside the well 706.
The lower portion of the tie-back liner 702 has a coupler portion 712. This coupler portion 712 can communicatively engage with a corresponding coupler portion 714 provided at the upper portion of equipment 716. The equipment 716 can include various devices, such as sensors, actuators, and so forth. In some cases, the equipment 716 can be referred to as “intelligent equipment.”
A control line 718 extends from the coupler portion 712 of the tie-back liner 704 to earth surface equipment. Additionally, another control line 720 extends from the coupler portion 714 of the equipment 716 to various devices of the intelligent completion equipment 716.
Although
A coupler portion on a liner structure (such as a liner or casing as depicted in the various figures discussed above) may no longer be able to communicate, due to component faults or damage caused by the passage of time or due to downhole well operations that may have caused damage.
To allow the faulty coupler portion 808 to communicate further uphole, the jumper 804 can be deployed into the bore of the liner 812. The two ends of the jumper 804 can be provided with male coupler portions 816 and 818 that are to communicatively engage with respective liner coupler portions 814 and 808. The male coupler portions 816 and 818 can be connected to each other (such as by an electrical cable, hydraulic control line, or optical fiber 811). In this way, the faulty coupler portion 808 can communicate through the jumper 804 with the neighboring uphole liner coupler portion 814, which in turn is connected by the control line 834 to the liner coupler portion 806.
As noted above, the liner coupler portion 806 can also be faulty, in which case the jumper 802 is deployed into the inner bore of the liner 812 to allow the faulty liner coupler portion 806 to communicate with a casing coupler portion 820 that is on a casing 822. The jumper 802 has male coupler portions 832 and 826 at its two ends to allow the jumper 802 to communicatively engage with respective liner coupler portion 806 and liner coupler portion 830. The male coupler portions 824 and 826 are connected to each other by a control line 810, so that the liner coupler portion 806 can communicate through the jumper 802 to the liner coupler portion 830. The liner coupler portion 830 is connected to another liner coupler portion 824 by a control line 831. The liner coupler portion 824 is positioned adjacent a casing coupler portion 820 to allow for inductive coupling between the coupler portions 824 and 820. The casing coupler portion 820 is electrically connected to a control line 828 to allow the casing coupler portion 820 to communicate with earth surface equipment.
In the example of
In other examples, a jumper can bypass at least one intermediate coupler portion. For example, in either
As further shown in
Although the foregoing example arrangements include equipment for deployment with a liner structure or for deployment in a well, mechanisms or techniques according to some embodiments can also be deployed with other structures or outside a well environment. For example, as shown in
The female coupler portions 1104, 1106, and 1108 on the tubular structure 1102 can be connected to a control line 1110 (e.g. electrical cable, hydraulic control line, and/or fiber optic cable). As shown in
During operation, communication (of power and/or data) can be performed using the control line 1110 and through one or more of the coupler portions 1104, 1106, and 1108 with the coupler portion 1114 of the tool 1112.
However, if liner coupler portion 1204 becomes defective for some reason, then the lower completion equipment 1220 can be removed, and re-installed with a jumper to allow communication with a further uphole coupler portion 1202.
In the foregoing description, numerous details are set forth to provide an understanding of the subject disclosed herein. However, implementations may be practiced without some or all of these details. Other implementations may include modifications and variations from the details discussed above. It is intended that the appended claims cover such modifications and variations.
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Number | Date | Country | |
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20130192851 A1 | Aug 2013 | US |