Patent Grant
7191022
The present invention relates to a sound-amplification apparatus for outputting an amplified sound having an intended directionality using an active directionality control.
Conventionally, a horn loudspeaker system has been used for increasing the directionality of an amplified sound. Such a conventional sound-amplification apparatus will be described with reference to
A conventional horn loudspeaker system 20 illustrated in
In order to narrow the directionality angle, it is generally necessary to increase the diameter i of the horn acoustic radiation plane 23. Moreover, in order to reduce the disturbance in the sound pressure frequency characteristic of a sound to be radiated, it is necessary to reduce the frequency change in the acoustic impedance of the horn 22 along the axis thereof. Therefore, in the horn 22 of
With the above-described conventional sound-amplification apparatus 20, however, it is necessary to increase the horn acoustic radiation plane 23 in order to obtain a narrow directionality. Moreover, the directional radiation pattern of an amplified sound to be radiated is uniquely determined by the shape of the horn 22. Therefore, it is necessary to replace the horn 22 with another depending upon the required directional radiation pattern.
On the other hand, the reproduction of an acoustic signal should preferably be performed with a desirable S/N ratio even in environmental noise. Therefore, a directional loudspeaker apparatus using an ellipsoidal acoustic reflector has been proposed in the art. Such a conventional example will be described below with reference to figures.
The directional loudspeaker apparatus 30 includes a concave (parabolic) reflector 31, and a sound source 32 which is provided within the reflector 31 to face a central portion thereof. In this way, a sound output from the sound source 32 is reflected by the reflector 31 so that a sound having a strong directionality along the axis of the reflector 31 is output on the rear side of the sound source 32.
The directional loudspeaker apparatus 40 includes a concave (hemispherical) reflector 41, and a sound source 42 which is provided within the reflector 41 to face a central portion thereof. The sound source 42 and the reflector 41 are kept at a constant interval, and a rear cover 43 is attached on the rear side of the sound source 42. By covering the rear side of the sound source 42 with the rear cover 43, a rearward sound radiated directly from the sound source 42 is reduced. In this way, the divergent component is reduced, thereby further emphasizing the directional radiation pattern given by the reflected sound from the reflector 41.
In the conventional directional loudspeaker apparatus 30 illustrated in
An on-vehicle sound-amplification apparatus has been one application of such a sound-amplification apparatus. For such a conventional on-vehicle sound-amplification apparatus, a horn loudspeaker system is typically employed in order to efficiently diffuse a reproduced sound to the environment. A conventional on-vehicle sound-amplification apparatus 50 will be described below with reference to
In
In the conventional on-vehicle sound-amplification apparatus 50 having such a structure, a sound wave reproduced by the horn driver 34 is externally radiated through the horn acoustic radiation plane 36, with its directionality being controlled while it is guided through the reentrant horn 35 in the directions indicated by the arrows along the horn central axes k and k′.
In the above-described conventional on-vehicle sound-amplification apparatus 50, it is necessary to increase the horn acoustic radiation plane 36 in order to obtain a narrow directionality. In practice, however, it is difficult to increase the horn acoustic radiation plane 36 because it is provided on the outside of the vehicle body. Therefore, it is difficult to avoid the use of a small-diameter horn loudspeaker system, resulting in a wide directional radiation pattern. Therefore, the radiated sound is transferred to the passengers including the driver, thereby hindering them from having a conversation or listening to the radio.
A sound-amplification apparatus according to the present invention includes an acoustic signal source for outputting an acoustic signal: an amplified sound source for receiving the acoustic signal from the acoustic signal source and radiating an amplified sound; a control sound source provided in the vicinity of the amplified sound source for radiating a control sound; and signal processing means for producing a control sound signal by controlling at least one of an amplitude and a phase of the acoustic signal from the acoustic signal source so that an acoustic space having a desired directionality is formed by interference between the amplified sound and the control sound, and providing the control sound signal to the control sound source.
In one embodiment, the signal processing means includes an error detector provided in the vicinity of the control sound source for detecting a synthesized sound between the amplified sound and the control sound; directional radiation pattern selection means for selecting one of an output from the error detector and the acoustic signal from the acoustic signal source so as to obtain a predetermined directional radiation pattern; and calculation means for producing the control sound signal by using the signal selected by the directional radiation pattern selection means, and providing the control sound signal to the control sound source, wherein the calculation means is provided for: when ensuring a directionality such that the amplified sound directed toward the error detector is reduced, producing, as a first control sound signal, a signal obtained by controlling the amplitude and the phase of the acoustic signal from the acoustic signal source so that the output signal from the error detector is 0; when ensuring a dipole directional radiation pattern, producing, as a second control sound signal, a signal obtained by inverting the phase of the acoustic signal from the acoustic signal source; when ensuring a non-directional radiation pattern, producing, as a third control sound signal, a signal having the same phase as that of the acoustic signal from the acoustic signal source; and providing one of the first to third control sound signals to the control sound source as the control sound signal.
The control sound source may be provided along the same axis with the amplified sound source so that an acoustic radiation plane thereof is located symmetrically with an acoustic radiation plane of the amplified sound source.
The error detector may be provided along a straight line which passes through respective centers of the acoustic radiation planes of the amplified sound source and the control sound source.
In one embodiment, the calculation means includes: a filtered-X filter for, where a transfer function of a space extending from the control sound source to the error detector is denoted by C, multiplying the acoustic signal output from the acoustic signal source by the transfer function C: an adaptive filter for performing a convolution calculation on the acoustic signal from the acoustic signal source with a transfer function F, and providing the obtained calculation result to the control sound source as the first control sound signal; and a coefficient updator for receiving an output from the directional radiation pattern selection means as an error signal, receiving an output from the filtered-X filter as a reference signal, updating a coefficient of the adaptive filter so that the error signal is small, and optimizing the transfer function F.
The amplified sound source may include: a horn driver for converting the acoustic signal from the acoustic signal source to an aerial vibration; and a horn-shaped acoustic tube for continuously enlarging a wavefront of the aerial vibration output from the horn driver along a sound wave traveling direction.
The control sound source may include: a horn driver for converting the control sound signal output from the signal processing means to an aerial vibration; and a horn-shaped acoustic tube for continuously enlarging a wavefront of the aerial vibration output from the horn driver along a sound wave traveling direction.
The acoustic tube may include a horn which is folded back at least once. Preferably, the number of times the acoustic tube is folded back is an odd number.
An acoustic radiation plane of the amplification-sound apparatus and an acoustic radiation plane of the control sound source may be placed such that the difference between the phase of the amplified sound and the phase of the control sound in a desired frequency are substantially within the angle of 90° with respect to the main axis direction of acoustic radiation of the amplified sound.
According to another aspect of the present invention, the sound-amplification apparatus includes: a concave reflector; and a sound source provided within the reflector so as to be unidirectional toward a center of the reflector.
In one embodiment, the sound source includes a control sound source for outputting a control sound and an amplified sound source for outputting an amplified sound, and further includes an acoustic signal source for outputting an acoustic signal; signal processing means for producing a control sound signal by controlling at least one of an amplitude and a phase of the acoustic signal from the acoustic signal source so that an acoustic space having a desired directionality is formed by interference between the amplified sound and the control sound, and providing the control sound signal to the control sound source.
In one embodiment, the signal processing means includes: an error detector provided in a radiation space of the control sound from the control sound source for detecting a synthesized sound between the amplified sound and the control sound; a filtered-X filter for, where a transfer function of an acoustic space extending from the control sound source to the error detector is denoted by C, multiplying the acoustic signal output from the acoustic signal source by the transfer function C; an adaptive filter for performing a convolution calculation on the acoustic signal from the acoustic signal source with a transfer function F, and providing the calculation result to the control sound source as the control sound signal; and a coefficient updator for receiving an output from the error detector as an error signal, receiving an output from the filtered-X filter as a reference signal, updating a coefficient of the adaptive filter so that the error signal is small, and optimizing the transfer function F.
The sound-amplification apparatus further may include signal correction means for performing at least one of a delay control, an amplitude control and a phase control on the acoustic signal output from the acoustic signal source, and providing a resultant signal to the amplified sound source. In such a case, the signal processing means may include: an error detector provided in a radiation space of the control sound from the control sound source for detecting a synthesized sound between the amplified sound and the control sound; a filtered-X filter for, where a transfer function of an acoustic space extending from the control sound source to the error detector is denoted by C, multiplying the acoustic signal output from the acoustic signal source by the transfer function C; an adaptive filter for performing a convolution calculation on the acoustic signal from the acoustic signal source with a transfer function F, and providing the calculation result to the control sound source as the control sound signal; and a coefficient updator for receiving an output from the error detector as an error signal, receiving an output from the filtered-X filter as a reference signal, updating a coefficient of the adaptive filter so that the error signal is small, and optimizing the transfer function F, wherein: where the delay control may be performed, the signal correction means performs the delay control with a delay time which corresponds to an amount of time required for the control sound radiated from the control sound source to reach the error detector. The transfer function F of the adaptive filter may be expressed as −G/C, where G denotes an acoustic transfer function from the amplified sound source to the error detector.
The control sound source may be provided along a same axis with the amplified sound source so that an acoustic radiation plane thereof is located symmetrically with an acoustic radiation plane of the amplified sound source.
The error detector may be provided along a straight line which passes through respective centers of the acoustic radiation planes of the amplified sound source and the control sound source.
An acoustic radiation plane of the amplification-sound source and an acoustic radiation plane of the control sound source may be placed such that the difference between the phase of the amplified sound and the phase of the control sound in a desired frequency are substantially within the angle of 90° with respect to the main axis direction of acoustic radiation of the amplified sound.
According to still another aspect of the present invention, an on-vehicle sound-amplification apparatus includes: a dipole sound source provided in the vicinity of a position of a passenger wherein at least one acoustic radiation axis thereof is directed outwardly from a vehicle interior; and signal processing means for amplifying an acoustic signal and then inputting an output thereof to the dipole sound source.
In one embodiment, the on-vehicle sound-amplification apparatus further includes: a non-directional sound source provided in the vicinity of a center of the dipole sound source wherein an acoustic radiation thereof is driven to have an inverted phase from that of the acoustic radiation of the dipole sound source which is directed into the vehicle interior, wherein the output from the signal processing means is also input to the non-directional sound source.
In one embodiment, the dipole sound source includes at least two loudspeakers wherein the at least two loudspeakers are arranged so that respective acoustic radiation planes thereof are directed opposite to each other; and the signal processing means variably controls the phase of an input to at least one of the loudspeakers included in the dipole sound source.
For example, each of the at least two loudspeakers included in the dipole sound source has an acoustic tube whose cross-sectional area along a direction perpendicular to a sound wave traveling direction varies continuously; the acoustic tubes of the respective loudspeakers are arranged so that respective acoustic radiation planes thereof are directed opposite to each other; and a radiated sound from the loudspeaker which is driven by an output from the signal processing means is radiated by being guided along the acoustic tube.
In one embodiment, the signal processing means includes: a radiation sound detector provided in the vicinity of a first one of the at least two loudspeakers included in the dipole sound source; an error detector provided in the vicinity of a second one of the loudspeakers included in the dipole sound source; an adder for adding together respective outputs from the radiated sound detector and the error detector; and calculation means for receiving the acoustic signal and the output from the adder, performing a calculation so that the output from the adder is small, and inputting the obtained result to the second loudspeaker located in the vicinity of the error detector, wherein the acoustic signal is input to the first loudspeaker located in the vicinity of the radiated sound detector.
In such a case, for example, the calculation means includes: an adaptive filter for receiving the acoustic signal; a filter for receiving the acoustic signal; and a coefficient updator for receiving the output from the adder and an output from the filter, wherein: an output from the adaptive filter is input to the second loudspeaker located in the vicinity of the error detector; the coefficient updator updates a coefficient of the adaptive filter by performing a calculation so that the output from the adder is small, and the filter has a characteristic equal to a transfer function from the error detector to the second loudspeaker located in the vicinity of the error detector.
In another embodiment, the signal processing means includes: a radiated sound detector arranged in the vicinity of a first one of the at least two loudspeakers included in the dipole sound source; a first error detector arranged in the vicinity of a second one of the loudspeakers included in the dipole sound source; a second error detector arranged in the vicinity of the non-directional sound source; signal correction means for receiving an output from the second error detector; a first adder for adding together an output from the radiation sound detector and an output from the first error detector; a second adder for adding together the output from the first error detector and an output from the signal correction means; first calculation means for receiving the acoustic signal and an output signal from the first adder, and performing a calculation so that the output signal from the first adder is small, wherein an output therefrom is input to the second loudspeaker located in the vicinity of the first error detector; and second calculation means for receiving the acoustic signal and an output signal from the second adder, and performing a calculation so that the output signal from the second adder is small, wherein an output therefrom is input to the non-directional sound source, wherein the acoustic signal is input to the first loudspeaker located in the vicinity of the radiation sound detector.
In such a case, for example, the first calculation means includes: a first adaptive filter for receiving the acoustic signal; a first filter for receiving the acoustic signal; and a first coefficient updator for receiving the output from the first adder and an output from the first filter, wherein: an output from the first adaptive filter is input to the second loudspeaker located in the vicinity of the first error detector; the first coefficient updator updates a coefficient of the first adaptive filter by performing a calculation so that the output from the first adder is small; and the first filter has a characteristic equal to a transfer function from the first error detector to the second loudspeaker located in the vicinity of the first error detector, the second calculation means includes: a second adaptive filter for receiving the acoustic signal; a second filter for receiving the acoustic signal; and a second coefficient updator for receiving the output from the second adder and an output from the second filter, wherein: an output from the second adaptive filter is input to the non-directional sound source; the second coefficient updator updates a coefficient of the second adaptive filter by performing a calculation so that the output from the second adder is small; and the second filter has a characteristic equal to a transfer function from the second error detector to the non-directional sound source.
The acoustic tube of each of the at least two loudspeakers included in the dipole sound source may be formed of a sound path having a desired bent shape.
Preferably, the at least two loudspeakers included in the dipole sound source are arranged so that an interval between the respective acoustic radiation planes included in the acoustic tubes of the loudspeakers is less than or equal to approximately ½ of the wavelength of the reproduced sound.
The dipole sound source may include an amplified sound source for radiating an amplified sound and a control sound source for radiating a control sound, wherein an acoustic radiation plane of the amplified sound source and an acoustic radiation plane of the control sound source may be placed such that the difference between the phase of the amplified sound and the phase of the control sound in a desired frequency are substantially within the angle of 90° with respect to the main axis direction of acoustic radiation of the amplified sound.
Therefore, the present invention has objectives of: (1) providing a sound-amplification realizing a plurality of directionalities from a narrow directional radiation pattern to a wide directional radiation pattern by signal processing without having to extensively change the structure of the loudspeaker system; (2) providing a directional loudspeaker apparatus as an amplification-sound apparatus implementing a sharp directional radiation pattern with a reflector by reducing a radiated sound from the back of the sound source; and (3) providing an on-vehicle amplification-sound apparatus in which a narrow directional radiation pattern is realized using any of amplification-sound apparatuses described above without making the size greater and a radiated sound transmitted to a driver and passengers is reduced.
These and other advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading and understanding the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying figures.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings by way of examples illustrated therein.
A sound-amplification apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described with reference to the figures.
The amplified sound source 1 converts an acoustic signal from the acoustic signal source 3 to an amplified sound and radiates the amplified, sound. On the other hand, the control sound source 2 converts a control sound signal from the signal processing means 4 to a control sound and radiates the control sound. The amplified sound source 1 and the control sound source 2 are provided in the opposite directions with respect to each other. The sound sources 1 and 2 do not have to be arranged along the same axis as illustrated in the figure. The signal processing means 4 produces a control sound signal by performing a signal processing operation on the acoustic signal from the acoustic signal source 3 with respect to the amplitude or the phase thereof.
With the sound-amplification apparatus 100 having such a structure, interference occurs between the amplified sound from the amplified sound source 1 and the control sound from the control sound source 2. Therefore, it is possible to change the directional radiation pattern of the amplified sound source 1 by the control sound from the control sound source 2. Thus, it is possible to realize various directional radiation patterns based on the characteristic setting of the signal processing means 4 without requiring a change in the structure of the loudspeaker system which is the amplified sound source 1.
Next, a sound-amplification apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention will be described with reference to the figures.
As illustrated in
The directional radiation pattern selection means 7 selects a signal to be provided to the calculation means 6 according to the desired directional radiation pattern. Specifically, the directional radiation pattern selection means 7 selects one of an output from the acoustic signal source 3 (an exemplary waveform thereof is shown in
(1) a control sound signal S3 (see
(2) a control sound signal S4 (see
(3) a control sound signal S5 (see
Where the calculation means 6 outputs the control sound signal S3, the amplified sound at the position of the error detector 5 is canceled by a control sound output from the control sound source 2. Therefore, the amplified sound has a unidirectional radiation pattern with the least sound pressure being radiated toward the error detector 5.
Where the calculation means 6 outputs the control sound signal S4, the control sound radiated from the control sound source 2 and the amplified sound radiated from the amplified sound source 1 have substantially the same amplitude and inverted phases from each other. Therefore, the amplified sound in this case is bidirectional where the acoustic radiation has its main axes directed forwardly from the amplified sound source 1 and the control sound source 2, respectively, with the least sound pressure occurring in a direction perpendicular to the main axes of the acoustic radiation. Thus, a dipole directional radiation pattern is realized.
Where the calculation means 6 outputs the control sound signal S5, the control sound radiated from the control sound source 2 and the amplified sound radiated from the amplified sound source 1 have substantially the same amplitude and same phase as each other. The acoustic radiation in this case is such that the amplified sound is omni-directionally and uniformly radiated about the center of gravity between the amplified sound source 1 and the control sound source 2 which are considered as a pair of sound sources. Thus, a non-directional radiation pattern is realized.
As described above, the control sound signal which is output from the calculation means 6 to the control sound source 2 is changed based on the output from the directional radiation pattern selection means 7, thereby changing the directional radiation pattern of the amplified sound. The selection among the directional radiation patterns is performed by the directional radiation pattern selection means 7. Thus, it is possible to realize various directional radiation patterns without requiring a change in the structure of the loudspeaker system.
In the present embodiment, the calculation means 6 is illustrated to function: to produce the control sound signal S3 having an amplitude and phase characteristic for controlling the output signal S2 from the error detector 5 to be 0; to produce the control sound signal S4 having substantially the same amplitude and inverted phase characteristic from those of the output S1 from the acoustic signal source 3; or to produce the control sound signal S5 having substantially the same amplitude and same phase characteristic as those of the output S1 from the acoustic signal source 3. However, the calculation means 6 may alternatively produce a control sound signal which provides any amplitude and/or phase other than those described above based on the output from the directional radiation pattern selection means 7, thereby realizing any other directional radiation pattern.
Next, a sound-amplification apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention will be described with reference to the figures.
In the sound-amplification apparatus of the present embodiment, the amplified sound source 1 and the control sound source 2 are provided along the same axis in the opposite directions with respect to each other so that an acoustic radiation plane 1a of the amplified sound source 1 and an acoustic radiation plane 2a of the control sound source 2 are symmetrically arranged. With such an arrangement, the acoustic space will be axially symmetric with respect to a straight line L which passes through the center of the acoustic radiation plane 1a and the center of the acoustic radiation plane 2a. Therefore, the directional radiation pattern which results from the interference between the amplified sound from the amplified sound source 1 and the control sound from the control sound source 2 will also be axially symmetric with respect to the straight line L. This facilitates the positioning of the sound-amplification apparatus.
A sound-amplification apparatus according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention will be described with reference to the figures.
As illustrated in
A directional radiation pattern which is obtained when the output from the error detector 5 is controlled to be 0 has been described above in the present embodiment. However, it is possible to obtain through a similar signal processing operation any other directional radiation pattern by controlling the output from the error detector 5 to be any value other than 0. It is understood that the acoustic space resulting in such a case will also be axially symmetric with respect to the straight line L which passes through the center of the acoustic radiation plane 1a and the center of the acoustic radiation plane 2a.
In the present embodiment, a non-directional microphone is used as the error detector 5. However, it is understood that substantially the same effects can be obtained even with any other detector, e.g., a directional microphone or a vibrometer, capable of detecting the amplified sound at the position where the error detector 5 is provided.
A sound-amplification apparatus according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention will be described with reference to the figures.
As illustrated in
When an output from the error detector 5 is input to the directional radiation pattern selection means 7, the directional radiation pattern selection means 7 outputs to the coefficient updator 10 an output signal (an error signal) whose amplitude and phase characteristics have been adjusted based on a signal from the error detector 5 and an acoustic signal from the acoustic signal source 3. On the other hand, the output from the acoustic signal source 3 is input to the adaptive filter 8 and the FX filter 9. The output from the FX filter 9 is input to the coefficient updator 10 as a reference signal. The coefficient updator 10 uses an LMS (Least Mean Square) algorithm, the like, to update the coefficient of the adaptive filter 8 by performing a coefficient update calculation such that the error signal is always small. The output signal from the adaptive filter 8 is provided to the control sound source 2.
Assuming that the transfer function from the amplified sound source 1 to the error detector 5 is G and the transfer function from the control sound source 2 to the error detector 5 is C, then, the characteristic of the FX filter 9 is set to C. When the coefficient updator 10 is operated to cause the adaptive filter 8 to converge while setting the output signal from the directional radiation pattern selection means 7 to be equal to the output signal from the error detector 5, the output signal from the directional radiation pattern selection means 7 approaches 0, and the adaptive filter 8 converges to a characteristic of −G/C. Thus, for an acoustic signal s, a radiated sound from the amplified sound source 1 as it is received at the error detector 5 (an amplified sound) is represented as:
s·G.
On the other hand, the control sound from the control sound source 2 as it is received at the error detector 5 is represented as:
s·(−G/C)·C=−s·G.
The amplified sound and the control sound interfere with each other at the position of the error detector 5. Thus,
s·G+(−s·G)=0.
Therefore, at the position of the error detector 5, the amplified sound is canceled out by the control sound so that the amplified sound has a directional radiation pattern with the least acoustic radiation occurring at the position of the error detector 5.
When the coefficient updator 10 is operated to cause the adaptive filter 8 to converge while setting the output signal from the directional radiation pattern selection means 7 to s·C, the adaptive filter 8 converges to a characteristic of −1. Thus, for an acoustic signal s, a radiated control sound from the control sound source 2 is represented as:
−1·s=−s.
Therefore, the amplified sound and the control sound will have the same amplitude and inverted phases from each other. In such a case, due to the interference therebetween, a dipole directional radiation pattern is obtained.
When the coefficient updator 10 is operated to cause the adaptive filter 8 to converge while setting the output signal from the directional radiation pattern selection means 7 to −s·C, the adaptive filter 8 converges to a characteristic of 1. Thus, for an acoustic signal s, a radiated sound from the control sound source 2 is represented as:
1·s=s.
Therefore, the amplified, sound and the control sound will have the same amplitude and same phase as each other. In such a case, due to the interference therebetween, a non-directional radiation pattern is obtained.
The present embodiment illustrates three different cases, where the directional radiation pattern selection means 7 respectively outputs: a signal having substantially the same amplitude and same phase characteristic as those of the error detector 5; a signal having a characteristic which is obtained by convoluting a signal having substantially the same amplitude and same phase characteristic as those of the output from the acoustic signal source 3 with a transfer function from the control sound source 2 to the error detector 5; and a signal having a characteristic which is obtained by convoluting a signal having substantially the same amplitude and inverted phase characteristic from those of the output from the acoustic signal source 3 with a transfer function from the control sound source 2 to the error detector 5. Other than these cases, the directional radiation pattern selection means 7 can alternatively switch among different directional radiation patterns so as to control the amplitude and/or the phase of the output signal to an intended value.
On the other hand, the control signal output from the adaptive filter 8 to the control sound source 2 is changed according to the output from the directional radiation pattern selection means 7. Thus, the present sound-amplification apparatus can form any directional radiation pattern other than those described above.
Next, a sound-amplification apparatus according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention will be described with reference to the figures.
In the sound-amplification apparatus of the present embodiment, a horn loudspeaker system as illustrated in
Referring to
Next, a sound-amplification apparatus according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention will be described with reference to the figures.
In the sound-amplification apparatus of the present embodiment, the horn loudspeaker system employed for one or both of the amplified sound source 1 and the control sound source 2 has a reentrant horn as illustrated in
The horn loudspeaker system includes a horn driver 11 and a reentrant horn 13. Herein, d is the central axis of the reentrant horn 13, and e is the horn length of the reentrant horn 13. A sound is radiated from the horn driver 11 to the outside, with its directional radiation pattern being controlled while it is guided through the reentrant horn 13 in the direction indicated by the arrow along the horn central axis d.
With such a structure, it is possible to smoothly vary the cross-sectional area along a direction perpendicular to the sound wave traveling direction through the reentrant horn 13 without having to increase the horn length e. Therefore, the frequency change in the acoustic impedance of the reentrant horn 13 is reduced, whereby the acoustic radiation from the reentrant horn 13 has a reduced disturbance in its sound pressure frequency characteristic. Thus, a desirable directional radiation pattern and a desirable acoustic characteristic can be obtained even with a reduced size. Moreover, by folding back the horn, it is possible to prevent wind and rain from entering the horn driver 11.
For example, the horn loudspeaker system shown in
With such a structure, it is possible to smoothly vary the cross-sectional area along a direction perpendicular to the sound wave traveling direction through the reentrant horn 14 without having to increase the horn length e. Therefore, the reentrant horn 14 also has a reduced frequency change in the acoustic impedance, whereby the acoustic radiation from the reentrant horn 14 has a reduced disturbance in its sound pressure frequency characteristic. Thus, a desirable directional radiation pattern and a desirable acoustic characteristic can be obtained even with a reduced size.
Furthermore, as illustrated in
As described above, with the amplified sound apparatuses according to Embodiments 1 through 7 of the present invention, a control sound source is provided in the vicinity of an amplified sound source, whereby a predetermined directional radiation pattern can be realized. Moreover, when each of an amplified sound source and a control sound source is a horn loudspeaker including a horn driver and an acoustic tube, better directional and acoustic characteristics are achieved for an externally radiated sound. When a reentrant horn is used as an acoustic tube, a sound-amplification apparatus with a reduced size is realized.
A directional loudspeaker apparatus 210 as a sound-amplification apparatus according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention will be described with reference to the figures.
A portion of the sound source 202A which is not covered with the reflector 201 has reduced acoustic radiation, thereby reducing the amount of amplified sound which is directly scattered without being reflected by the reflector 201. Thus, portions of the amplified sound which reach the sound receiving point c will be in phase with one another, and a sound pressure is added to the amplified sound, whereby a sharp directional radiation pattern is achieved.
Each of
Next, a directional loudspeaker apparatus 220 as a sound-amplification apparatus according to Embodiment 9 of the present invention will be described with reference to the figures.
The directional loudspeaker apparatus 220 includes a reflector 201, a sound source 202B, an acoustic signal source 205, and signal processing means 206. As shown in
With such a structure, interference occurs between the amplified sound radiated from the amplified sound source 203 and the control sound radiated from the control sound source 204, and thus the sound pressure in the acoustic space directly formed in the rearward space behind the sound source 202B (in front of the control sound source 204) can be further reduced by controlling the phase and/or amplitude of the control sound source. Therefore, it is possible to obtain the strong directional radiation pattern as indicated by a curved line a.
Since the reflector 201 functions as in Embodiment 8 in connection with the sound source 202B having such a strong directionality, an amplified sound which is radiated from the sound source 202B and reflected by the reflector 201 is more localized at the sound receiving point. Because a direct sound which has not been reflected by the reflector 201 does not reach the sound receiving point, the sound wave at the sound receiving point has a reduced phase-mismatch, thereby improving the sound pressure at the sound receiving point.
Next, a directional loudspeaker apparatus 230 as a sound-amplification apparatus according to Embodiment 10 of the present invention will be described with reference to the figures.
The directional loudspeaker apparatus 230 includes a reflector 201, a sound source 202C, an acoustic signal source 205, and signal processing means 206. As in the case of
The signal processing means 206 includes an error detector 207, an adaptive filter 208, a filtered X-filter (an FX filter) 209, and a coefficient updator 210. The error detector 207 is a microphone which is provided in the vicinity of the control sound source 204. The FX filter 209 is a filter which is set to a characteristic equal to a transfer function C from the control sound source 204 to the error detector 207. The adaptive filter 208 is a filter which performs a convolution calculation on the acoustic signal input from the acoustic signal source 205 with a transfer function F, and provides the obtained calculation result to the control sound source 204 as a control sound signal.
The coefficient updator 210 uses an LMS (Least Mean Square) algorithm, or the like, with the output from the FX filter 209 being a reference signal and the output from the error detector 207 being an error signal, to update the coefficient of the adaptive filter 208 by performing a coefficient update calculation such that the error signal is minimized.
It is assumed that the transfer function from the amplified sound source 203 to the error detector 207 is G and the transfer function from the control sound source 204 to the error detector 207 is C. When the coefficient updator 210 is operated to cause the adaptive filter 208 to converge, the output signal from the error detector 207 approaches 0. In this case, the transfer function F of the adaptive filter 208 converges to a characteristic of −G/C.
For an acoustic signal s, a radiated sound from the amplified sound source 203 as it is received at the error detector 207 is represented as:
s·G.
On the other hand, the control sound from the control sound source 204 as it is received at the error detector 207 is represented as:
s·(−G/C)·C=−s·G.
Therefore, the amplified sound and the control sound interfere with each other at the position of the error detector 207. Thus,
s·G+(−s·G)=0.
In this manner, at the position of the error detector 207, the amplified sound is canceled out by the control sound, thereby realizing a directional radiation pattern with the least acoustic radiation toward the position of the error detector 207. As a result, a direct sound which has not been reflected by the reflector 201 does not reach the sound receiving point. Therefore, an amplified sound with a high sound pressure is localized at the sound receiving point, whereby the directional radiation pattern becomes sharper.
Next, a directional loudspeaker apparatus 240 as a sound-amplification apparatus according to Embodiment 11 of the present invention will be described with reference to the figures.
The directional loudspeaker apparatus 240 includes a reflector 201, a sound source 202D, an acoustic signal source 205, and signal processing means 206. The sound source 202D includes the amplified sound source 203 and the control sound source 204 provided coaxially with, and opposite to each other as in the case of
In the directional loudspeaker apparatus 240, a signal correction means 211 is provided between the acoustic signal source 205 and the amplified sound source 203. Assuming that the time required by the signal processing means 206 for a signal processing operation is τ1, and the time required for the control sound radiated from the control sound source 204 to reach the error detector 207 is τ2, the signal correction means 211 sets a delay time which is approximately equal to τ1+τ2 for the acoustic signal s, and desirably controls the amplitude and the phase of the acoustic signal s. The signal correction means 211 outputs the obtained signal as a result of such a process to the amplified sound source 203.
With such an arrangement, it is possible to adjust the delay time of the signal which is input to the amplified sound source 203 with the signal correction means 211. Thus, a desirable directional radiation pattern can be realized even when the distance from the amplified sound source 203 to the error detector 207 is shorter than that from the control sound source 204 to the error detector 207, and when an amount of time is required for signal processing by the FX filter 209, the coefficient updator 210, and the adaptive filter 208. For example, when the amount of time required for processing by the signal processing means 206 is longer than the propagation time of the amplified sound, the causality between the above-mentioned transfer functions is not satisfied. However, the directional loudspeaker apparatus 240 avoids such a problem. Moreover, the signal correction means 211 can desirably correct the acoustic characteristic such as the amplitude and the phase of the amplified sound radiated from the amplified sound source 203, whereby a listener can receive a sound with a desirable sound quality.
Next, a directional loudspeaker apparatus as a sound-amplification apparatus according to Embodiment 12 of the present invention will be described with reference to the figures.
With such an arrangement, a directional radiation pattern obtained by interference between the amplified sound from the amplified sound source 203 and the control sound from the control sound source-204 can be axially symmetrical, the sound pressure directional radiation pattern can also be unidirectional, thereby facilitating the positioning of the sound source 202E.
Next, a directional loudspeaker apparatus 260 as a sound-amplification apparatus according to Embodiment 13 of the present invention will be described with reference to the figures.
With such an arrangement, when the amplified sound from the amplified sound source 203 interferes with, and is canceled out by, the control sound from the control sound source 204 at the position of the error detector 207, the resulting directional radiation pattern a will be axially symmetric with respect to the straight line L, thereby facilitating the positioning of the sound source 202F.
As described above, according to the directional loudspeaker apparatuses of Embodiments 8 through 13 of the present invention, an amplified sound radiated from the back of the sound source is reduced, and a sharp directional radiation pattern can be realized with a reflector.
In Embodiments 14 through 23 of the present invention to be described below, several embodiments of an on-vehicle sound-amplification apparatus using a sound-amplification apparatus having an intended directionality according to the present invention as an on-vehicle sound-amplification apparatus will be described, as a specific application of the present invention.
Each of
The dipole sound source 302 is provided in the vicinity of the driver 304, the acoustic signal s is amplified by the signal processing means 303 and then input to the dipole sound source 302 to be acoustically radiated therefrom as a reproduced sound. The main axes of the acoustic radiation a and a′ form the directional radiation patterns b and b′ which are directed to a direction away from the vehicle body 301. On the other hand, in a vicinity of the line between the dipole sound source 302 and the driver 304, the radiated sounds interfere with, and are canceled by, one another. Thus, the radiated sound decreases, whereby substantially no direct sound from the dipole sound source 302 reaches to a location in the vicinity of the driver 304. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a desirable sound environment in which a sufficient volume of sound is ensured along the main axes of the acoustic radiation a and a′, while reducing the volume of sound in the vicinity of the driver 304.
Although the dipole sound source 302 is provided in the vicinity of the driver 304 in
In
Next, an amplification-sound apparatus 320 according to Embodiment 15 of the present invention will be described with reference to
In
A dipole sound source 302 is provided in the vicinity of the driver 304, the non-directional sound source 305 is provided in the central portion of the dipole sound source 302. An acoustic signal s is amplified and phase-adjusted by the signal processing means 303, and the acoustic signal s is then input to the dipole sound source 302 and the non-directional sound source 305 to be acoustically radiated therefrom as a reproduced sound.
An acoustic radiation main axis a′ of the dipole sound source 302 is directed toward the driver 304 and forms a directional radiation pattern b′. On the other hand, an acoustic signal s is amplified and phase-adjusted by the signal processing means 303 so as to have a phase substantially opposite to that of the acoustic radiation forming the directional radiation pattern b′, and the signal is input to the non-directional sound source 305. The non-directional sound source 305 acoustically radiates signal as a reproduced sound simultaneously with the dipole sound source 302.
With such an arrangement, a sound radiated from the dipole sound source 302 and a sound radiated from the non-directional sound source 305 are interfered with, and canceled out by, each other in the vicinity of the driver 304. Thus, the radiated sound decreases, and the directional radiation pattern d becomes a unidirectional radiation pattern directed exclusively along the acoustic radiation main axis a. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a desirable sound environment in which a sufficient volume of sound is ensured along the acoustic radiation main axis a, while the volume of sound is reduced in the vicinity of the driver 304.
In the present embodiment, when the dipole sound source 302 is provided in the vicinity of any other passenger (e.g., in the vicinity of the passenger seat), substantially the same effects can be obtained in the vicinity of the respective passenger. With any other type of vehicles such as a sedan, a van, or a wagon type, or with any other transportation means such as a ship, substantially the same effects can also be obtained.
In
In the present embodiment, the phase difference between the radiated sounds respectively from the loudspeakers 306 and 307 can be varied since the phase of an acoustic signal input to at least one of the loudspeakers can be varied by the signal processing means 303. Thus, the positions in which the reproduced sounds from the loudspeakers 366 and 307 are interfered with, and canceled out by each other, can be changed to directional radiation patterns e1 to e4. Thus, even when the loudspeaker is not provided in the vicinity of the driver 304, substantially the same effects can be obtained as those obtained when the loudspeaker is provided in the vicinity of the driver 304.
In
In the present embodiment, acoustic tubes are used for the loudspeakers 306 and 307, but it is understood that when using horn drivers for the loudspeakers 306 and 307 instead of the tubes, substantially the same effects can be obtained. This also applies to each of the subsequent embodiments.
Next, a sound-amplification apparatus 350 according to Embodiment 18 of the present invention will be described with reference to
In
The radiated sound detector 310 and the error detector 311 are provided in the vicinity of the loudspeakers 306 and 307, respectively. With this arrangement, assuming that the transfer function from the loudspeaker 306 to the radiated sound detector 310 is G and the transfer function from the loudspeaker 307 to the error detector 311 is C, the calculation means 313 has a characteristic of −G/C when the calculation means 313 is operated and the output from the adder 312 approaches 0. Thus, for an acoustic signal s, a radiated sound from the loudspeaker 306 as it is received at the radiated sound detector 310 is represented as:
s·G.
On the other hand, the control sound from the loudspeaker 307 as it is received at the error detector 311 is represented as:
s·(−G/C)·C=−s·G.
The output from the radiated sound detector 310 and the output from the error detector 311 as they are added at the adder 312 is represented as:
s·G+(−s·G)=0.
Therefore, by arranging the positions of the radiated sound detector 310 and the error detector 311 so that the transfer function from the loudspeaker 306 to the radiated sound detector 310 and the transfer function from the loudspeaker 307 to the error detector 311 are equal to each other, the radiated sound from the loudspeaker 306 and that from the loudspeaker 307 have the same sound pressure and phases that are different from each other by 180°, thus the variation in the characteristics of the loudspeakers in use is corrected and a desirable dipole characteristic can be obtained. Since the above-described effects are suitably provided while the signal processing means 303 is in operation, it is possible to address a non-linear change such as aging of the apparatus.
In
The output from an adder 312 is input to an error input terminal of the coefficient updator 316, an acoustic signal s is input to the adaptive filter 314 and the FX filter 315, and the output signal from the FX filter 315 is input to a reference input terminal of the coefficient updator 316. The coefficient updator 316 uses an LMS (Least Mean Square) algorithm, or the like, to perform a coefficient updating calculation such that the error input is always small, thereby updating the coefficient of the adaptive filter 314. The output signal from the adaptive filter 314 is input to the loudspeaker 307.
Assuming that the transfer function from the loudspeaker 306 to the radiated sound detector 310 is G and the transfer function from the loudspeaker 307 to the error detector 311 is C, then, the characteristic of the FX filter 315 is C. When the coefficient updator 316 is operated to cause the adaptive filter 314 to converge, and thus the output signal from the adder 312 approaches 0, the adaptive filter 314 converges to the characteristic of −G/C. Therefore, for an acoustic signal s, a radiated sound from the loudspeaker 306 as it is received at the radiated sound detector 310 is represented as:
s·G.
On the other hand, the control sound from the loudspeaker 307 as it is received at the error detector 311 is represented as:
—s·(−G/C)·C=−s·G.
Therefore, by arranging the positions of the radiated sound detector 310 and the error detector 311 so that the transfer function from the loudspeaker 306 to the radiated sound detector 310 and the transfer function from the loudspeaker 307 to the error detector 311 are equal to each other, the radiated sound from the loudspeaker 306 and that from the loudspeaker 307 have the same sound pressure and phases that are different from each other by 180°, thus the variation in the characteristics of the loudspeakers in use is corrected and a desirable dipole characteristic can be obtained.
Next, a sound-amplification apparatus 370 according to Embodiment 20 of the present invention will be described with reference to
In
The radiated sound from a loudspeaker 306, to which the acoustic signal s is directly input, is detected at the radiated sound detector 310, and the obtained result is input to the first adder 319. The control sound from a loudspeaker 307 is detected at the first error detector 317, and the obtained result is input to the first adder 319 and the second adder 320. A control sound by a non-directional sound source 305 is detected at the second error detector 318 and the obtained result is input to the signal correction means 323. Furthermore, the output from the signal correction means 323 is input to the second adder 320. The signals input to the first adder 319 and the second adder 320 is added, and output the obtained values to the first calculation means 321 and the second calculation means 322, respectively.
The acoustic signal s and the output from the first adder 319 are input to the first calculation means 321, while the acoustic signal s and the output from the second adder 320 are input to the second calculation means 322. By using an LMS (Least Mean Square) algorithm, or the like, the first calculation means 321 performs a calculation such that the output from the first adder 319 is always small, while the second calculation means 322 performs a calculation such that the output from the second adder 320 is always small, and then outputs the obtained signals to the loudspeaker 307 and the non-directional sound source 305 as control signals, respectively. The radiated sound detector 310 and the error detector 317 are provided in the vicinity of the loudspeakers 306 and 307, respectively, while the second error detector 318 is provided in the vicinity of the non-directional sound source 305.
With this arrangement, assuming that the transfer function from the loudspeaker 306 to the radiated sound detector 310 is G and the transfer function from the loudspeaker 307 to the first error detector 317 is C, the first calculation means 321 converges to a characteristic of −G/C when the first calculation means 321 is operated and the output from the first adder 319 approaches 0. Thus, for an acoustic signal s, a radiated sound from the loudspeaker 306 as it is received at the radiated sound detector 310 is represented as:
s·G.
On the other hand, the control sound from the loudspeaker 307 as it is received at the first error detector 317 is represented as:
s·(−G/C)·C=−s·G.
Thus, the output from the radiated sound detector 310 and the output from the first error detector 317 as they are added at the first adder 319 is represented as:
s·G+(−s·G)=0.
As described above, by arranging the positions of the radiated sound detector 310 and the first error detector 317 so that the transfer function from the loudspeaker 306 to the radiated sound detector 310 and the transfer function from the loudspeaker 307 to the first error detector 317 are equal to each other, the radiated sound from the loudspeaker 306 and that from the loudspeaker 307 have the same sound pressure and phases that are different from each other by 180°, thus the variation in the characteristics of the loudspeakers in use is corrected and a desirable dipole characteristic can be obtained.
Further, assuming that the transfer function from the non-directional sound source 305 to the second error detector 318 is D and the transfer function characteristic of the signal correction means 323 is H, when the second calculation means 322 is operated and the output from the second adder 320 approaches 0, the second calculation means 322 converges to a characteristic of G/(D·H). On the other hand, for an acoustic signal s, a radiated sound from the loudspeaker 307 as it is received at the first error detector 317 is represented as:
−s·G,
and the control sound by the non-directional sound source 305 as it is received at the second error detector 318 is represented as:
s·(G/(D·H))·D=s·G/H,
and the output signal from the signal correction means 323 is represented as:
s·G/H·H=s·G.
The output from the first error detector 317 and the output from the signal correction means 323 as they are added at the second adder 320 is represented as:
−s·G+s·G=0.
Therefore, by changing the transfer function characteristic H of the signal correction means 323, it becomes possible to readily correct the acoustic radiation conditions of the non-directional sound source 305. For example, when arranging the transfer function from the loudspeaker 307 to the first error detector 317 and the transfer function from the non-directional sound source 305 to the second error detector 318 to be equal, the phase of the radiated sound of the non-directional sound source 305 is varied by 180° with respect to the radiated sound of the loudspeaker 307 while the amplitudes thereof are substantially the same, a unidirectional radiation pattern can be obtained. In this case, if the acoustic radiation main axis of the unidirectional radiation pattern is directed opposite to the position of a passenger (e.g., the driver 304), the direct sound from the sound source scarcely reaches the passenger, thereby attaining a desirable sound environment.
In
The output from a first adder 319 is input to an error input terminal of the first coefficient updator 326, an acoustic signal s is input to the first adaptive filter 324 and the first FX filter 325, and the output signal from the first FX filter 325 is input to a reference input terminal of the first coefficient updator 326. The first coefficient updator 326 uses an LMS (Least Mean Square) algorithm, or the like, performing a coefficient updating calculation such that the error input is always small, and updates the coefficient of the first adaptive filter 324. The output signal from the first adaptive filter 324 is output to the loudspeaker 307. Assuming that the transfer function from the loudspeaker 306 to the radiated sound detector 310 is G and the transfer function from the loudspeaker 307 to the first error detector 317 is C, and then the characteristic of the first FX filter 325 is C.
When the first coefficient updator 326 is operated to cause the first adaptive filter 324 to converge, and thus the output signal from the adder 319 approaches 0, the characteristic of the first adaptive filter 324 converges to the characteristic of −G/C. Therefore, for an acoustic signal s, a radiated sound from the loudspeaker 306 as it is received at the radiated sound detector 310 is represented as:
s·G.
On the other hand, the control sound from the loudspeaker 307 as it is received at the first error detector 317 is represented as:
−s·(−G/C)·C=−s·G.
Therefore, by arranging the positions of the radiation sound detector 310 and: the first error detector 317 so that the transfer function from the loudspeaker 306 to the radiated sound detector 310 and the transfer function from the loudspeaker 307 to the first error detector 317 are equal to each other, the radiated sound from the loudspeaker 306 and that from the loudspeaker 307 have the same sound pressure and phases that are different from each other by 180°, thus the variation in the characteristics of the loudspeakers in use is corrected and a desirable dipole characteristic can be obtained.
On the other hand, the output from a second adder 320 is input to an error input terminal of the second coefficient updator 329, an acoustic signal s is input to the second adaptive filter 327 and the second FX filter 328, and the output signal from the second FX filter 328 is input to a reference input terminal of the second coefficient updator 329. The second coefficient updator 329 uses an LMS (Least Mean Square) algorithm, or the like, performing a coefficient updating calculation such that the error input is always small, and updates the coefficient of the second adaptive filter 327. The output signal from the second adaptive filter 327 is output to the non-directional sound source 305.
Assuming that the transfer function from the non-directional sound source 305 to the second error detector 318 is D and the transfer function characteristic of the signal correction means 323 is H, the characteristic of the second FX filter 328 is D·H. When the second coefficient updator 329 is operated to cause the second adaptive filter 327 to converge, and thus the output from the second adder 320 approaches 0, the characteristic of the second adaptive filter 327 converges to a characteristic of G/(D·H).
For an acoustic signal s, a radiated sound from the loudspeaker 307 as it is received at the first error detector 317 is represented as:
−s·G.
On the other hand, the control sound by the non-directional sound source 305 as it is received at the second error detector 318 is represented as:
s·(G/(D·H))·D=s·G/H,
and the output signal from the signal correction means 323 is represented as:
s·G/H·H=s·G.
Therefore, the output from the first error detector 317 and the output from the signal correction means 323 as they are added at the second adder 320 is represented as:
−s·G+s·G=0.
Thus, a unidirectional radiation pattern can be obtained by controlling the transfer function from the loudspeaker 307 to the first error detector 317 to be equal to the transfer function from the non-directional sound source 305 to the second error detector 318, and by changing the phase of the radiated sound of the non-directional sound source 305 by 180° with respect to that of the radiated sound of the loudspeaker 307 with the amplitudes thereof being substantially the same as each other. In this case, if the acoustic radiation main axis of the unidirectional radiation pattern is directed away from the position of a passenger (e.g., the driver 304), substantially no sound from the sound source reaches directly to the passenger, thereby obtaining a desirable sound environment. Furthermore, with the above-described structure, it is possible to obtain a unidirectional radiation pattern sound source which is not influenced by a change in the operational characteristics due to aging.
Next, Embodiment 22 of the present invention will be described with reference to
Each of the acoustic tubes 308 and 309 is formed of a curved sound path extending from the diaphragm 330 or 331 to the acoustic radiation plane 332 or 333, respectively. Because the acoustic tubes 308 and 309 are curved, the total length of their central axes f and f′ can be long enough even if the total length g of the acoustic tubes is short. Therefore, it is possible to smoothly vary the cross-sectional area along a direction perpendicular to the sound wave traveling direction through the acoustic tubes 308 and 309 from the diaphragms 330 and 331 through the acoustic radiation planes 332 and 333, respectively. Thus, the frequency change in the acoustic impedance is reduced, thereby attaining a desirable sound pressure frequency characteristic.
Furthermore, when the acoustic tubes 308 and 309 are curved in the vertical and lateral directions, it is possible to provide the acoustic tubes 323 and 333 in a back-to-back arrangement with most of the acoustic tubes 308 and 309 overlapping each other, thereby reducing the size of the apparatus.
Embodiment 23 of the present invention will be described with reference to
Particularly,
With the on-vehicle acoustic reproducing apparatuses according to Embodiments 14 through 23 of the present invention, a desirable sound environment can be achieved in which a sufficient volume of the reproducing sound is ensured along the acoustic radiation main axis of the sound source, while the amount of sound transferred directly from the sound source is reduced in the position of a passenger such as a driver. Moreover, it is possible to obtain a desirable directional radiation pattern by improving the variation in the characteristics of the loudspeakers of the dipole sound source and the variation in the characteristics of the non-directional sound source.
Furthermore, it is understood that the effects of the above-described on-vehicle amplification-sound apparatus of the present invention can be obtained similarly with an amplification-sound apparatus having the structure as described in, for example, Embodiments 1 through 13 of the present invention.
As Embodiment 24 of the present invention, a method for controlling an amplitude of an amplification-sound apparatus will now be described with reference to
Each of
In
When the amplified sound source 401 and the control sound source 403 can be considered as point sound sources, respectively, the lines b1 and a1 are represented as shown as circles having the sound sources for their central points, respectively. The control sound is controlled so as to be interfere with, and canceled out by, the amplified sound at the control point a, and then radiated from the control sound source 403. Thus, when the waveform of the amplified sound is in its peak at the control point a, the waveform of the control sound is in its dip at the control point a. Therefore, as shown in
As schematically illustrated in
When the amplified sound source 401 and the control sound source 403 can be considered as point sound sources, by setting the interval d between the sound sources to approximately ¼ (d=λ/4) of the wavelength of the control wavelength λ, it is possible to amplify the amplified sound b2 as shown by the waveform f in
Therefore, with the arrangement described above in which the interval d between the amplified sound source 401 and the control sound source 403 to approximately ¼ (d=λ/4) of the wavelength of the control wavelength λ, the amplified sound b2 can be canceled out at the control point a, while it is amplified along the main axis direction of the acoustic radiation e by interference between the amplified sound b2 and the control sound c2.
In the above description, the control point a is located along the straight line between the amplified sound source 401 and the control sound source 403. However, even when the control point a is not along such a line, if the sound source interval d is controlled in the same manner, it is also possible to cancel out the amplified sound b2 at the control point a while amplifying the amplified sound b2 along the main axis direction of the acoustic radiation e by interference between the amplified sound b2 and the control sound c2.
Even when the amplified sound source 401 and the control sound source 403 are not point sound sources, substantially, the same effects as described above can be obtained by setting the path difference of the radiation sound, from each of the sound source 401 and 403 to the control point a to approximately ¼ of the wavelength of the control frequency λ.
Further, it is possible to combine the above-described method as Embodiment 24 of the present invention with any other appropriate structure previously described in Embodiments 1 to 23.
The amplification-sound apparatus of the present invention described above is applicable to various applications in which an output of an amplified sound having a predetermined directionality is desired. Although an on-vehicle amplification-sound apparatus has been described as one particular example of an application of the present invention, the application of the present invention is of course not limited to these examples.
As described above, according to the amplification-sound apparatus of the present invention, a predetermined directional radiation pattern can be realized by providing a control sound source in the vicinity of the amplified sound source. When the amplified sound source and the control sound source are provided as a horn loudspeaker which includes a horn driver and an acoustic tube, an even more desirable directional radiation pattern and acoustic characteristic can be realized with respect to an externally radiated sound. If the acoustic tube is provided as a reentrant horn, a small-size amplification-sound apparatus is realized.
According to the amplification-sound apparatus of the present invention which is described as a directional loudspeaker, a sharp directional radiation pattern based on a reflector can be realized by reducing an amplified sound radiated from the back of the sound source.
Furthermore, according to the on-vehicle acoustic reproducing apparatus of the present invention which is implemented by applying an amplification-sound apparatus of the present invention to an on-vehicle use, a sufficient volume of sound is ensured in the axis direction of the acoustic radiation of the sound source, while reducing the amount of sound transferred directly from the sound source in the position of a passenger such as a driver, thereby obtaining a desirable sound environment. An excellent directional radiation pattern can be also achieved by improving the variation in the characteristics of loudspeakers of a dipole sound source and/or a non-directional sound source.
According to the present invention, the phase difference between the radiated sound from an amplified sound source (amplified-sound) and the radiated sound from a control sound source (control sound) are appropriately controlled in view of a wavelength of a control frequency, whereby an amplitude of the amplified sound can be controlled. Specifically, when the interval between the amplified sound source and the control sound source is set to approximately ¼ of the wavelength of the control wavelength, the amplified sound can be canceled out at the control point, while the amplified sound is amplified along the main axis direction of the acoustic radiation by interference between the amplified sound and the control sound.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 9-291265 | Oct 1997 | JP | national |
| 9-291266 | Oct 1997 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP98/04471 | 10/2/1998 | WO | 00 | 6/8/2000 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO99/22549 | 5/6/1999 | WO | A |
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