Patent Application
20150280845
Embodiments herein relate to mobile communication systems. Specifically, a method in a node in a radio access network, a node in a radio access network, a method in a mobile station, a mobile station and respective computer program products in a node and a mobile station. More specifically, the embodiments relate to sending and receiving Public Warning System, PWS, alerts in mobile communication systems, particularly to users with mobile stations in a connected mode. The connected mode refers to a mode where the mobile station cannot read broadcast messages. It includes the dedicated mode, the packet transfer mode, and the dual transfer mode.
Recently there has been an interest to ensure that the public has the capability to receive timely and accurate alerts, warnings and critical information regarding disasters and other emergencies irrespective of what communications technologies they use. As has been learned from disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes and wild fires; such a capability is essential to enable the public to take appropriate action to protect their families and themselves from serious injury, or loss of life or property.
This interest to enhance the reliability, resiliency, and security of Warning Notifications to the public by providing a mechanism to distribute Warning Notifications over cellular systems is the impetus for having a universal specification for Public Warning System.
Accordingly 3GPP (the 3rd Generation Partnership Project, which is a consortium of six telecommunication bodies) defined the general requirement for the so-called public warning system, PWS.
The following are the standardized public warning system as defined in 3GPP Technical Specification, TS, 22.268:
The ETWS requirements are defined by a Japanese regulator, but not normatively referenced from 3GPP specifications. 3GPP TS 22.268 captures the 3GPP system requirements for ETWS.
CMAS is defined under the Federal Communications Commission, FCC, United States Code of Federal Regulations, CFR, Title 47, Chapter 10. 3GPP TS 22.268 captures the 3GPP system requirements for CMAS.
CMAS Standards developed by the Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions, ATIS, and the Telecommunications Industry Association, TIA, (not directly included in 3GPP) include J-STD-100, J-STD-101, ATIS-0700006, ATIS-0700007, ATIS-0700008, ATIS-0700010.
In summary, all the standardized PWS should have global service and warning categories. Detection of the warning categories must be global for roaming users and applicable in 3GPP systems such as Global System for Mobile Communications, GSM, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Radio Access Network, UTRAN, and Long Term Evolution, LTE radio networks.
The architecture of ETWS and CMAS in a telecommunication system is depicted in
In the past there are many methods adopted/implemented in the 3GPP GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (where EDGE is short for Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution), GERAN, specifications in order to support these public warning systems.
For example, transmission of ETWS notification messages in a GERAN cellular radio system can be summarized as follows:
Warning notifications are classified into two types depending on the urgency. The first type of notification is called primary notification. This type of notification delivers the most important information of the threat that is approaching to users (e.g. the imminent occurrence of earthquake or tsunami). Due to the urgency of the primary notification, this type of notifications shall be delivered to the users instantly, see below.
The second type of notification is called secondary notification. This type of notification may deliver additional information, such as instructions on what to do/where to get help as long as the emergency lasts.
Depending on the warning notification provider's policy, the primary and the secondary notification may be sent independently of each other. For example, the primary notification may not always be generated, i.e. the warning may only consist of a secondary notification. As per 3GPP TS 44.018, the mobile station support of primary notification is optional.
The primary notification has a very strict delivery requirement of 4 seconds from reception of the warning message in the Cell Broadcast Centre, CBC, until the warning message is delivered to the mobile in the notification area where the warning notification is expected to be distributed even under a congestion situation. Due to the strict delivery requirements, 3GPP agreed to have the primary notification to be delivered directly to the mobile in the following states: Common Control Channel, CCCH, Idle, Packet Idle, Dedicated, Dual Transfer Mode or Packet transfer. The secondary notification which is normally bulkier than the primary notification is delivered via 3GPP defined Cell Broadcast Service, see 3GPP TS 23.041.
Transmission of CMAS Messages can be summarized as follows:
CMAS is a partnership between the Federal Emergency Management Agency, FEMA, the FCC, and wireless carriers, to enhance public safety. As mentioned above, the rules for CMAS are published by the FCC at 47 CFR 10. CMAS allows public safety authorities to use FEMA's Integrated Public Alert and Warning System, IPAWS, Open Platform for Emergency Networks (IPAWS-OPEN) to send geographically targeted, text-like Wireless Emergency Alerts, WEA, to the public. WEAs will relay Presidential, America's Missing: Broadcast Emergency Response, AMBER, and Imminent Threat alerts to mobile phones using cell broadcast technology that will not get backlogged during times of emergency when wireless voice and data services are highly congested.
To summarize, it is agreed by 3GPP to send the important alert messages (ETWS secondary notification, all CMAS messages, EU-Alert and KPAS messages) using cell broadcast technology. The cell broadcast are messages that are normally broadcast via a Cell Broadcast Channel, CBCH, in specific areas and hence could be delivered to users having mobile terminals (also known as mobile stations, MS) that are in idle mode (not in voice or data call) irrespective of the network congestion.
However, some drawbacks can be identified. For example, a user who has a mobile terminal that is in an active voice or data call or in establishment of a voice or data call would not be able to get the PWS alerts broadcast on the CBCH (for example CMAS or ETWS secondary notifications). Moreover there might be mobile terminals that do not support ETWS primary notifications and for them the only hope to get the alerts would be via cell broadcast. With voice calls becoming cheaper day by day, the average time a person is in a call is increased and now it is quite normal for a person to be in a call for extended periods of time. In addition, the usage of data services on a mobile terminal has increased over the years (both foreground and background data transfer). Taking all this into consideration, it is highly probable that a person's terminal is not in idle mode for quite some time and hence might miss the critical public warning alerts broadcast on the CBCH. Even if they are repeated for a period of time, the user might not be able to listen since he is still or again in a voice or data call. Moreover the PWS requirements mandate the mobile service provider not to terminate calls ongoing or pre-empt the process of getting connected, i.e. getting an allocated radio resource.
In order to mitigate at least some of the drawbacks as discussed above, there is provided in a first aspect of embodiments herein a method in a node in a mobile telecommunication system. The method is for sending a public warning system, PWS, indication to a terminal being located in a cell in the mobile telecommunication system. The method comprises the steps of:
In a second aspect of embodiments herein there is provided a method in a terminal located in a cell in a mobile telecommunication system. The method comprises:
In a third aspect of embodiments herein there is provided a node in a mobile telecommunication system. The node is for sending a public warning system indication to a terminal located in a cell in the mobile telecommunication network. The node is configured to receive a message from a message providing entity. The node is further configured to determine whether the received message is a public warning system, PWS, message intended for transmission in the cell. The node is further configured to, if the received message is a PWS message, send to the terminal a PWS indication on a control channel in parallel with sending other data to the terminal on one or more data and/or traffic channels, the PWS indication indicating that the PWS message can be acquired by the terminal in the cell.
In a fourth aspect of embodiments herein there is provided a terminal in a mobile telecommunication system, the terminal being configured to be located in a cell in the mobile telecommunication system. The terminal is configured to receive a public warning system, PWS, indication on a control channel in parallel with receiving other data on one or more data and/or traffic channels, the PWS indication indicating that a PWS message can be acquired by the terminal in the cell.
In fifth and sixth aspects of embodiments herein there are provided respective computer program products comprising software instructions that are configured, when executed in a processing unit, to perform the method of the first and second aspect, respectively.
In short, the embodiments herein provide liberty to users. This means that a user will be alerted about the warning message even in a case where the user has a mobile terminal that is in an active voice or data call or during establishment of a voice or data call.
The user can then take a decision about whether to disconnect the voice or data call and go to idle mode for receiving the actual warning message via a broadcast channel, such as CBCH in case of a GSM system, or skip the warning message.
In
The processing unit 402 makes use of software instructions 405 stored in the memory 404 in order to control all functions of the node 500, including the functions to be described in detail below with regard to sending public warning system, PWS, indications. In other words, at least the communication circuitry 406, the processing unit 402 and the memory 404 form parts of control and communication circuitry that is configured to control transmission as summarized above and described in detail below. Further details regarding how these units operate in order to perform normal functions within a mobile communication system, such as the system 300 of
Turning now to
The method commences with a reception step 602 in which a message is received from a message providing entity.
A determination step 604 is performed in which it is determined whether the received message is a public warning system, PWS, message intended for transmission in the cell.
A decision step 606 is then performed such that, if the message received in the reception step 602 is a PWS message, a PWS indication is sent in a sending step 608 on a control channel. The sending 608 is done in parallel with other sending on a data channel or traffic channel and the PWS indication is configured to indicate that the PWS message can be acquired by the MS in the cell.
The method comprises a reception step 702 in which a public warning system, PWS, indication is received on a control channel in parallel with other reception on a data channel or traffic channel. The PWS indication is configured to indicate that a PWS message can be acquired by the MS in the cell.
In an optional provision step 704, the received PWS indication is provided to a user of the MS in any suitable manner, such as a notification on a display, an audio alarm signal etc., and thereby enabling the user to decide whether or not to obtain a full PWS message.
Below follows a more detailed description that specifies further details of embodiments of such methods in a node and in a MS. These details are to be understood as further optional specifications of the methods and arrangements described in connection with
In GSM, during dedicated mode, e.g. when the mobile station is engaged in a circuit switched connection, there is a Slow Associated Control Channel, SACCH, and a Fast Associated Control Channel, FACCH, and for packet transfer mode there would be an associated logical Packet Associated control Channel, PACCH. These are associated channels used to assist the data/traffic channels.
When a Base Station Controller, BSC (e.g. node 304 in
Now, in parallel to the broadcasting of the warning message on CBCH, the BSC can include a “warning-indicator” (also denoted “warning-indication” or “indication” herein) in legacy messages sent on a control channel, such as an associated channel like SACCH or FACCH and PACCH, to mobiles not reached by cell broadcast, typically in dedicated and packet transfer mode and dual transfer mode served by the same cell(s) as the warning message is currently broadcast in. The “warning-indicator” can, after reception in the mobile station, be forwarded by the access stratum layer in the mobile station to the currently running application in the mobile station (User). The warning indicator would not have any public warning data but just an indication to the running application which could trigger, e.g., a pop up to the user during the voice or data call. The user can then take a decision on whether he needs to continue in the voice or data call or wants to abort so that he can then listen to the CBCH and then acquire the warning message. Another alternative is to send a more comprehensive or full alert message in these associated channels while in dedicated/packet transfer/dual transfer mode. The user can then look in for more information in other media.
The concept can be extended to 3G/UTRAN (For Frequency Division Duplex, FDD and Time Division Duplex, TDD) and to LTE/E-UTRAN (for FDD and TDD) wherein the PWS message or PWS indicator can be sent on a control channel that is configured to be received in parallel with data/traffic channels, e.g. during or in preparation for an active voice or data call.
Further embodiments of the present invention will now be described below with reference to sending PWS alerts to mobile stations in a GSM or multi-RAT (Radio Access Technology) system. The connected mode mentioned herein refers to a mode where the mobile station cannot read broadcast messages, typically on the CBCH, e.g. during or in preparation for an active voice or data call. It includes the Dedicated mode, the Packet transfer mode, and the Dual transfer mode, where the mobile station is simultaneously in dedicated mode and in packet transfer mode. All these modes have at least one allocated radio resource connection/channel and during these modes the mobile station cannot read the broadcast PWS message on CBCH.
There are various ways by which the Warning indicator or a more comprehensive or even complete warning message may be sent to the mobile station while the mobile station is in a dedicated Circuit Switched, CS, connection (dedicated mode):
Approach 1: Including PWS indicator in SI 6 (System Information type 6) message sent on SACCH (This is explained in more detail below). But it is also possible to indicate it via other messages sent via SACCH.
Approach 2: Send the PWS indicator as a new Application Protocol Data Units Identity, APDU ID, in an Application Information message, sent on FACCH. Then, the warning indication will come as part of the Application Information message. Currently only 2 APDU ID's (for Radio Resource LCS Protocol, RRLP, that is used for assisted GPS services and ETWS Primary Notification) are being used and hence we can use the other values and leave APDU Information in APDU data IE empty. This approach results in an overhead of a complete message stealing channel bursts on TCH (20 ms of speech) to give one bit indication to the user. Table 1 (3GPP TS 44.018 Table 10.5.2.48.1) shows the existing APDU ID Information Element, illustrating that there are bits available for use as exemplified herein.
Approach 3: Send a more comprehensive warning indication or the complete warning message as part of APDU data in an Application Information message, sent on FACCH. This would be similar to what is currently being done for ETWS primary notification. But considering that the CBCH alert messages are bulkier than the ETWS primary notification, it might affect the voice quality.
Approach 4: Send a more comprehensive warning indication or the complete warning message as part of APDU data in an Application Information message, sent on SACCH. This is similar to approach 3 above and would involve an overhead due to the complete message being sent, but the effect on speech would not be there as we use a SACCH channel. The other side effect is the change in specification so as to allow the APDU to be sent via SACCH.
Approach 1 is explained in little more detail below (only SI6 is mentioned here for illustration purposes but it can also be sent via other SACCH messages). All approaches achieve the final goal to send the PWS indicator, a more comprehensive indication or the complete warning message in dedicated mode.
The system Information type 6 is regularly broadcast by a node in a Base Station Subsystem, BSS, in the SACCH to mobiles in dedicated mode.
Table 2 (3GPP TS44.018 Table 9.1.40.1) presents SI6 message Contents according to embodiments presented herein. (It is to be noted that the Information Element Identifier, IEI, column is empty because in SI6 there is no IEI.)
Below is the Concrete Syntax Notation One, CSN.1, definition of the System Information type 6 rest octets (as per 10.5.2.35a of 3GPP TS 44.018) with the addition of a PWS indicator according to embodiments herein included.
SI 6 Rest Octets information element details
PWS_Indicator (1 bit field)
This field indicates whether a PWS message is currently broadcasted on CBCH in the serving cell. It is coded as follows:
The PWS indicator above would give an indication to the user that a warning message is currently being broadcast on the CBCH in the serving cell. The user might take a decision to end the CS session if he would want to in order to acquire the warning message.
Similarly, there could be various ways by which the Warning indicator or a more comprehensive or the complete warning message is sent to the mobile station while the mobile station is in Packet transfer mode/Dual transfer mode.
Approach 1: Include PWS indicator in Packet Uplink Acknowledge/Negative-acknowledge, PUAN, or if Downlink Temporary Block Flow, DLTBF, is active it could be sent as part of downlink data. (This is explained in detail below). This could also be sent via other PACCH messages sent in the downlink direction.
Approach 2: Send the PWS indicator in PACCH as a new application type in a packet Application Information, AI, message without including the warning message in the Application Data field. Currently only one application type is used for ETWS primary notification and the rest of the 15 values are free to be used to indicate the PWS indication, as illustrated in table 3 (3GPP TS 44.060 Table 11.2.47.2). A complete message is used for transmitting just 1 bit of data though it is cleaner than using existing message/header.
Approach 3: Send a more comprehensive or the complete warning message in PACCH in an Application data field in a Packet AI message. Though this does not directly affect the data transfer, it might affect the data throughput as the alert message might span more than one Radio Link Control, RLC, control message.
Approach 1 is explained in some more detail below. It is to be noted that the use of PUAN and Packed downlink data is mentioned for illustrative purposes but any PACCH message can also be used to convey the PWS indicator. All approaches achieve the final goal to send the PWS indicator in Packet transfer mode.
If a user is in a data session, we can use an existing PACCH message like PUAN and in case DLTBF is being used, it could be sent in a DL RLC header. So there could be a special Length Indicator, LI, value of 62 which could be used to indicate the presence of PWS indicator in GPRS and a special value of 122 which could be used to indicate the presence of PWS indicator for Enhanced GPRS, EGPRS, TBF.
Below follows an example, using the CSN.1 syntax, of the Packet Uplink Acknowledge/Negative-acknowledge (as defined in 3GPP TS 44.060 section 11.2.28) with the addition of a PWS indicator according to embodiments presented herein.
With these changes a BSS can inform mobile stations that are in dedicated, Dual Transfer and Packet transfer mode on whether there is an on-going high alert message (For example CMAS) broadcast on CBCH in the serving cell.
Currently BSS is transparent to the broadcast message sent from a Cell Broadcast Centre, but with this proposal the BSS need to “peek into” the Broadcast message from the Cell broadcast entity to find out if there is an high alert message being transmitted (i.e. if the broadcast request from the CBC contains (1) a Cell Broadcast Service, CBS, message and (2) whether this CBS message is in fact a warning message). The broadcast request message received from the CBC W-R (WRITE-REPLACE message, ref 3GPP TS 48.049, section 7.2) already today contains an indicator (Channel Indicator IE) indicating whether the WRITE-REPLACE message contains a CBS message or not. However, to be able to determine if the CBS message is actually a warning message (and not for example a “Traffic Report” message), the BSC need to read the Message Identifier parameter as part of the CBS message. The Message Identifier consists of two octets and it identifies the source and type of the CBS message, ref. 3GPP TS 23.041, section 9.4. The definition in 3GPP TS 23.041 gives at hand that warning messages shall have Message Identifiers in the range 4352-6399.
For example CMAS messages always have message ID's between 4370 and 6399 and these message ID's are always at a fixed position in the alert messages (Octet 3-4).
When the high alert message is no more broadcast on CBCH (i.e. when the imminent threat has ceased), the BSC shall restore the warning indicator sent to the mobiles in above mentioned messages.
Embodiments of the invention are implemented in network nodes and user terminals in a mobile telecommunication system. The implementation is suitably made by adapting existing hardware and software to carry out the operations described in the various approaches and embodiments set forth herein.
In summary, advantages of these exemplifying embodiments include:
Further embodiments can be summarized by the following items:
Item 1: A method of sending a Public Warning System (PWS) indication to terminals in a mobile telecommunication system including the steps of:
in cell(s) to be reached by a warning alert, sending the PWS indication on a control channel that is configured to be received in parallel with data/traffic channels, e.g. during or in preparation for an active voice or data call.
Item 2: A method of sending a PWS indication as in item 1, wherein the PWS indication is sent in parallel to the broadcasting of a more comprehensive warning message, in the same cell(s).
Item 3: A method of sending a PWS indication as in item 1 or 2, wherein the control channel is an associated channel like SACCH or FACCH and PACCH, to mobiles in dedicated, dual transfer mode and packet transfer mode.
Item 4: A method of sending a PWS indication as in item 3, wherein, if the terminal is in a dedicated CS connection (dedicated mode), the PWS indication is included in a SI 6 or other message sent on SACCH.
Item 5: A method of sending a PWS indication as in item 3, wherein, if the terminal is in a dedicated CS connection (dedicated mode), the PWS indication is sent as a more comprehensive warning message as part of APDU data in an Application Information message, sent on FACCH or SACCH.
Item 6: A method of sending a PWS indication as in item 3, wherein, if the terminal is in a Packet transfer mode/Dual transfer mode, the PWS indication is included in a Packet Uplink Ack/Nack or, if DLTBF is active, it is sent as part of Downlink Data or other PACCH messages sent in downlink direction.
Item 7: A method of sending a PWS indication as in item 3, wherein, if the terminal is in a Packet transfer mode/Dual transfer mode, a more comprehensive warning message is sent in an Application data field in a Packet AI message, sent on PACCH.
Item 8: A method of receiving a PWS indication in a user terminal similarly to any of the above items.
Item 9: A method of sending a PWS indication as in item 1, wherein the Base Station Controller identifies whether the broadcast request from the Cell Broadcast Centre (W-R message) contains (1) a Cell Broadcast Service message and (2) a warning message.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3425/DEL/2012 | Nov 2012 | IN | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2013/073122 | 11/6/2013 | WO | 00 |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61761987 | Feb 2013 | US |
