PULLEY FOR HIGH-EFFICIENCY WINCH

Abstract

An improved pulley for a winch is described, in contact with at least one section of rope included between an inlet section connected to a working load and an outlet section connected to a resisting load, comprising a plurality of peripheral supports deformable depending on a length variation of such section of rope.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention deals with an improved pulley for high-efficiency winch, of the type used for transmitting mechanical energy by means of traction forces applied to ropes connected to a moving load.

A high-efficiency winch is used in several applications, for lifting or moving a load, dragging a rope and transmitting energy by means of a rope adapted to be wound.

BACKGROUND

Recently, the application of winches for transmitting energy has become important in the sector of managing wind energy, wherein the winches, connected to alternators and electronic power apparatuses, are used for extracting kinetic energy from “wind and for converting the produced mechanical energy into electric energy.

An important aspect in recovering mechanical energy from ropes connected to a moving load is given by the efficiency of the driving winch, for which: small percentages of energy imply a high heating of the driving pulleys and of the rope.

A process for extracting energy from wind implies the use of high-resistance ropes. The rope tension is generated by the lift of a kite flying with transverse wind. The pulley or the drum, on which the rope is wound, rotates due to the unwinding force induced by the rope itself. The mechanical power is generated by the combination of the mechanical tension in the rope and the speed with which the rope is stretched, being unwound from the pulley.

The pulley or the drum., on which the rope is wound, rotates due to the unwinding force induced by the rope itself. During this process, the wind kinetic energy is firstly converted into mechanical energy, due to the friction between rope and contact surface of the pulley or the arum; it is then converted into electric energy through alternators connected to the winch.

During the conversion, energy losses occur as heat which heats the contact surface of the pulley and increases the internal temperature of the rope compromising the mechanical properties due to overheating.

Conventional winches are not suitable for transmitting a great amount of energy due to their low efficiency. When there is a high-power winch equipped with high-resistance ropes, even a relatively small part of lost power could be critical. For example, a winch with a 97% efficiency, used for manipulating a power of 1.5 MW, generates a 45 kW thermal flow which must be suitably dissipated to prevent the rope from overheating. Together with the losses generated by the bearings of the rotary elements, the heat flow is mainly generated by the friction forces between rope and pulley.

Friction inside the rope is generated by relative displacements and distortions of different wires and braids, composing the rope and geometrically arranged in order to mutually scrape. On the other hand, friction between rope and pulley is the necessary ingredient to allow the winch to extract energy from the rope, while friction depending on any relative displacement between rope and pulley must be reduced to a minimum.

The architecture of a high-efficiency winch must comply with two concepts: the rope moving along the winch is subjected to a tension gradient associated with a distortion gradient depending on the nature of the material composing the rope; the rope wound on a pulley for more than one revolution, assuming that the pulley rotates with respect to its own longitudinal axis, must necessarily translate perpendicular to the direction of the main transmission force, for example along the longitudinal axis of the pulley, in order to prevent rope sections with different curvatures trom overlapping.

WO2011121272 discloses an application dealing with the first concept, aimed to make more uniform the distortion gradient, making the rope less stressed and subjected to degrade effects. This problem is solved with two co-penetrating pulleys, each one of which defines a discontinuous surface of the contact between rope and drum.

FR1105165 discloses a layout of a winch dealing with the second concept, comprising pulleys with cylindrical grooves whose diameter gradually decreases or increases being adapted to the different distortion status along the rope, so that the groove with bigger diameter is in contact with the rope section subjected to a high tension status and vice versa.

SUMMARY

Object of the present invention is solving the above prior art problems, by providing an improved pulley for high-efficiency winch, in favor of a higher energy productivity and a reduction of the power losses due to friction phenomena, and in favor of a reduced rope wear.

The above and other objects and advantages of the invention, as will result from the following description, are obtained with an improved pulley as claimed in claim 1 in contact with a section of rope included between two terminals, one of which is connected to a working load, the other being of minimum or null tension, characterized in that it comprises a kinematic chain formed of peripheral supports. Preferred embodiments and non-trivial variations of the present invention are the subject matter of the dependent claims.

It is intended that all enclosed claims are an integral part of the present description.

It will be immediately obvious that numerous variations and modifications (for example related to shape, sizes, arrangements and parts with equivalent functionality) could be made to what is described, without departing from the scope of the invention as appears from the enclosed claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention will be better described by some preferred embodiments thereof, provided as a non-limiting example, with reference to the enclosed drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a pulley according to the present invention connected to a rope;

FIGS. 2 and 3 show perspective views of components belonging to each peripheral support connected to the pulley of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 shows a front view of the pulley of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 shows a sectional view, along a plane passing for line V-V in FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 shows an enlarged part VI belonging to FIG. 4;

FIG. 7 shows an enlarged part VII belonging to FIG. 5;

FIG. 8 shows different configurations a, b, c, along a plane X-Z of FIG. 5, of a connection between element belonging to each peripheral support connected to the pulley of FIG. 1;

FIG. 9 shows a diagram of configurations a, b, c of FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 shows a combined system of several pulleys of the type shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 11 shows a perspective view of a peripheral support belonging to a second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12 shows a front view of the peripheral support of the previous Figure;

FIG. 13 shows a sectional view along line XIII-XIII of FIG. 12;

FIG. 14 shows a side view of an operating diagram of the peripheral support of FIG. 11;

FIG. 15 shows a perspective view of a prismatic insert belonging to the peripheral support of FIG. 11;

FIG. 16 shows a side view of the insert of FIG. 15;

FIG. 17 shows a perspective view of a peripheral support belonging to a third embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 18 shows a perspective view of a part of the previous Figure;

FIG. 19 shows a front view of the peripheral support of FIG. 17;

FIG. 20 shows a sectional view along line XX-XX of FIG. 19;

FIG. 21 shows a perspective view of a variation of the peripheral support of FIG. 17; and

FIG. 22 shows a perspective view of a part of FIG. 21.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention overcomes the limitations of the prior art by providing a

All dimensions specified in this disclosure are by way of example only and are not intended to be limiting. Further, the proportions shown in these Figures are not necessarily to scale. As will be understood by those with skill in the art with reference to this disclosure, the actual dimensions and proportions of any system, any device or part of a system or device disclosed in this disclosure will be determined by its intended use.

Methods and devices that implement the embodiments of the various features of the invention will now be described with reference to the drawings. The drawings and the associated descriptions are provided to illustrate embodiments of the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention. Reference in the specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” is intended to indicate that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least an embodiment of the invention. The appearances of the phrase “in one embodiment” or “an embodiment” in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.

Throughout the drawings, reference numbers are re-used to indicate correspondence between referenced elements. In addition, the first digit of each reference number indicates the figure where the element first appears.

As used in this disclosure, except where the context requires otherwise, the term “comprise” and variations of the term, such as “comprising”, “comprises” and “comprised” are not intended to exclude other additives, components, integers or steps.

In the following description, specific details are given to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments. However, it will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments may be practiced without these specific details.

With reference to FIG. 1, at least one section of a rope 1, included between an inlet section 11 and an outlet section 12, is wound by three revolutions on a pulley 2.

The pulley 2 is composed of at least one disk 21 equipped with a central hole 22 used for centering and joining with a shaft (not shown) connected to a high-efficiency winch (not shown).

The inlet 11 and outlet 12 sections of the rope 1 are respectively connected to a working load (not shown) and to a storage device (not shown) according to a tension gradient which established a maximum tension value at the inlet section 11 and a minimum or null tension value at the outlet section 12.

The disk 21 supports the coils of the rope 1 by means of a kinematic chain formed of peripheral supports 3 uniformly connected and distributed along a circumference.

With reference to FIGS. 3 to 7, each peripheral support 3 is composed of:

at least one frame 31, obtained from an extruded material with U-shaped cross section, in which at least two pair of bushed holes 311 and 312 are housed;

at least one crank 32, formed of a collar-type eccentric 321, whose internal axis is occupied by a pin 322 at whose ends forks 323 and 324 are placed;

at least one rocker-type rod 33, wherein two bushed hoes 331 and 332 are housed; and

at least one connecting rod 34, obtained from an extruded material with a T-shaped cross section, equipped with at least two bushed holes 341 and 342.

With reference to FIGS. 8 to 11, each peripheral support 3 is integral with the periphery of the disk 21 through the frame 31. The crank 32 is connected to the frame 31 through the pin 322, this one being keyed-in in the pair of coaxial holes 311. The rocker-type rod 33 is connected to the frame 31 through a pin 35, this latter one being keyed-in respectively in the pair of coaxial holes 312 and in the hole 331. The connecting rod 34 is respectively connected to the crank 32 and to the rocker-type rod 33 through the eccentric 321 keyed-in in the hole 341, and through a pin 36 keyed-in in the hole 342 and in the hole 332.

The forks 323 and 324, belonging to the crank 32, are geometrically configured with a certain offset T (as can be noted, for example, in FIG. 5) with respect to a plane perpendicular to the pin 322 axis.

The rope 1 is wound by three revolutions on the pulley 2 through the contact with the back surface of each connecting rod 34.

Each peripheral support 3 is kinematically connected to the two adjacent supports through the union of forks 323 and 324 integral with a crank 32, respectively with a first fork 324a integral with a first adjacent crank 32a, and with a second fork 323b integral with a second adjacent crank 32b (as can be noted, for example, in FIG. 10).

Each peripheral support 3 is an articulated mechanism, kinematically equivalent to an articulated quadrilateral, comprising a collar-type eccentric 321, a rocker-type rod 33 and a connecting rod 34, this latter one being in contact with the sections of the rope 1.

The kinematic chain composed of the peripheral supports 3, connected through the forks 323 and 324 integral with each eccentric 321, makes a discontinuous contact between the rope 1 and the pulley 2 able to make the tension gradient discrete along the section of rope 1 included between the ends 11 and 12.

The kinematic chain composed of the peripheral supports 3, connected through the forks 323 and 324, in addition to make a discontinuous contact between rope 1 and pulley 2, allows making a mobile contact actuated through suitable actuators (not shown) according to an reciprocal motion law.

The reciprocal motion of each peripheral support 3 is offset with respect to the reciprocal motion of the adjacent peripheral supports 3.

The offset between the forks 323 and 324 of each peripheral support 3 has an arbitrary value included between 0 degrees and 360 degrees.

The pulley 2, coupled with the kinematic chain formed of the peripheral supports 3, reaches the object of the invention having made discrete the tension gradient of the rope 1 wound on the periphery of the pulley 2 by several revolutions.

In particular, the adopted solution allows:

nullifying the tension gradient along each section of rope lacking contact with the peripheral support 3;

making an helical winding of the rope 1 along a generatrix formed by the contact surface of each connecting rod 34; and

obtaining a reciprocal and offset motion of each peripheral support 3 by means of a mechanism kinematically equivalent to an articulated quadrilateral, as preferred embodiment obtained with an eccentric rotor and a connecting rod (FIGS. 2a, 2b and 2c).

Further arrangements which are deemed variations of the solution of the present invention are described below.

Said reciprocal and offset motion of each peripheral support 3 is made by means of a mechanism kinematically equivalent to an articulated pentalateral device, wherein an additional rod (not shown) allows performing an approximately square-shaped trajectory, by overlapping a further armonic motion.

The mechanism kinematically equivalent to an articulated pentalateral device is of the type in which two of the five rods (not shown) are mechanically made through eccentrical rotors equipped with bearings, said eccentrical rotors having independent rotation speeds and predetermined phases, one of said independent rotation speeds being preferably three times the other.

The radial profile of each peripheral support 3, measured in a plane X-Z (FIG. 9), is subjected to an exponential function to be adapted to the tension gradient variable along the rope 1.

The back surface of each connecting rod 34, in contact with a section of rope 1, has a profile, measured in a plane X-Y (FIG. 8), with a circumferentially rounded shape (not shown).

The kinematic chain formed of the peripheral supports 3 is connected by means of cardan joints or equivalent.

Said reciprocal motion can be actuated by cams or mechanical actuators.

Said reciprocal motion can also be actuated by electric motors or electromagnetic actuators.

Said reciprocal motion is exploited in a winch comprising a device (not shown) capable of storing and quickly releasing, during its tensioning, a certain amount of the rope 1 from the part 11 with high tension, or the part 12 with low tension.

Said reciprocal motion is exploited in a winch comprising a device (not shown) capable of adjusting and limiting the tension of the rope 1 from the part 11 with high tension, or the part 12 with low tension.

A winch, composed of at least one pulley 2 equipped with peripheral supports 3, supports and guide a rope 1 wound by one revolution, preferably by three revolutions, said rope 1 being stored in a low tension state 12.

A winch is composed of n pulleys 2 equipped with peripheral supports 3, at least two of which pulleys are motored.

A winch is composed of four motored pulleys 2, equipped with peripheral supports 3, said pulleys 2 being arranged on the vertexes of an ideal rectangle.

A winch is composed of four motored pulleys 2, equipped with peripheral supports 3, said pulleys 2 being arranged along non-mutually parallel rotation axes.

Although the present invention has been described with a degree of particularity, it is understood that the present disclosure has been made by way of example and that other versions are possible. As various changes could be made in the above description without departing from the scope of the invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be illustrative and not used in a limiting sense. The spirit and scope of the appended claims should not be limited to the description of the preferred versions contained in this disclosure.

All features disclosed in the specification, including the claims, abstracts, and drawings, and all the steps in any method or process disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations where at least some of such features and/or steps are mutually exclusive. Each feature disclosed in the specification, including the claims, abstract, and drawings, can be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. Thus, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature disclosed is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.

Any element in a claim that does not explicitly state “means” for performing a specified function or “step” for performing a specified function should not be interpreted as a “means” or “step” clause as specified in 35 U.S.C. § 112.

Claims

1. A Pulley for winch, in contact with at least one section of rope included between an inlet section, connected to a working load, and a outlet section, with minimum or null tension, said improved pulley comprising a kinematic chain formed of peripheral supports, each of said peripheral supports being an articulated quadrilateral composed of at least one frame integral with at least one disk, at least one crank, at least one rocker-type rod and at least one connecting rod in contact with said section of said rope, characterized in that each one of said peripheral supports is connected to two of said adjacent peripheral supports through a union of forks integral with said crank, respectively with a first fork integral with a first adjacent crank, and with a second fork integral with a second adjacent crank.

2. The pulley according to claim 1, characterized in that each one of said peripheral supports is actuated through a motor according to a reciprocal motion law.

3. The pulley according to claim 1, characterized in that said crank is composed of a collar-type eccentric, whose internal axis is occupied by a pin at whose ends said forks are placed, and in that said forks are geometrically configured with an offset (T) with respect to a plane perpendicular to said axis of said pin.

4. The pulley according to claim 3, characterized in that said reciprocal and offset motion of each one of said peripheral supports is made by means of a mechanism kinematically equivalent to an articulated pentalateral device.

5. The pulley according to claim 4, characterized in that two of five rods composing said articulated pentalateral device are mechanically made through eccentrical rotors having independent rotation speeds and predetermined phases, one of said independent rotation speeds being three times the other.

6. The pulley according to claim 1, characterized in that a radial profile of each one of said peripheral supports, measured in a plane X-Z parallel to a rotation axis of said pulley, is subjected to an exponential function to be adapted to a tension gradient variable along said rope (1).

7. The pulley according to claim 1, characterized in that a back surface of each one of said connecting rods, in contact with a section of said rope, has a profile, measured in a plane X-Y perpendicular to said rotation axis, with a circumferentially rounded shape.

8. The pulley according to claim 1, characterized in that said kinematic chain formed of said peripheral supports is connected by means of cardan joints or equivalent and/or said reciprocal motion is actuated by cams or mechanical actuators, electric or electromagnetic actuators.