Patent Application
20210135425
The present invention relates to optical communication networks and, more particularly, to utilizing pump signal modulation to transmit supervisory and control signals between nodes in the network.
Optical communication networks typically employ optical amplifiers as in-line amplifiers to boost signal power as the light travels along long lengths of optical fiber (or other types of optical media) from one point in the network to another. In particular, amplifier nodes may be disposed along a link between network termination points, with each node configured to provide bi-directional communication between termination points and thus include a pair of optical amplifiers to boost the signals propagating in both directions. Most amplifier nodes utilize a pair of fiber-based optical amplifiers, either rare-earth-doped fiber amplifiers that are “pumped” with a co-located diode laser, or Raman amplifiers in which high power pumping generates gain through stimulated Raman scattering in an optical fiber.
For proper operation of a link, amplifiers require provisioning information related to loss in the optical link, administration of parameters and control software, as well as monitoring of its parameters, collectively known as “Operation, Administration, and Provisioning (OAM&P). The performance of these fiber-based optical amplifiers can be affected by factors such as aging of components, temperature-induced variations, and the like. Various monitoring techniques are often used to detect and report anomalies so that corrective action can be taken. A separate supervisory optical channel (e.g., telemetry channel) is typically used for monitoring purposes and requires a separate communication link (also referred to at times as the “Control Plane”) to be created between amplifier nodes. Other conventional uses of this supervisory channel include network monitoring functions, messaging, maintenance, and so on.
The need to dedicate a specific channel (wavelength) at each node for these supervisory functions adds to the size, cost, and complexity of the communication network.
The present invention relates to optical communication networks and, more particularly, to utilizing pump signal modulation to transmit supervisory messages between amplifier nodes in the network.
That is, we have discovered an alternative, cost-effective solution for both amplifying optical signals and communicating status in an optical communication network. More specifically, an optical transmission system according to the principles of the invention includes one or more optical amplifier nodes that provide both amplification of customer signals and bi-directional transmission of supervisory signals without the need for a separate supervisory channel. Instead, the included pump source used to provide amplification is modulated by the supervisory message data in a manner that does not impact the through-passing customer signals. The supervisory messaging data is superimposed on the envelope of the amplified customer signals and is propagated in this fashion to the next amplifier located downstream. This downstream node includes a paired demodulator that functions to recover the supervisory message data from the envelope of the customer signals.
In accordance with the principles of the present invention, supervisory message data previously transmitted over a separate supervisory channel is instead used to modulate the drive current used to energize the amplifier's pump source. The modulation is superimposed on the enveloped of the amplified customer signals propagating from one node to another, and is scaled so that the integrity of the customer signals is not affected. At the receiving amplifier node, a paired demodulator is used to recover the supervisory message data and use this information in the same manner as in the prior art. Advantageously, both modulating and demodulating functions are preferably implemented in signal processing software elements to minimize the impact on the size of the amplifier node itself.
An amplifier node is particularly configured to include both a pump modulator (to impress supervisory message data on out-going amplified customer signals) and a demodulator (to recover incoming supervisory message data present on a received amplified signal), thus providing bi-directional transmission of network control signals between amplifier nodes.
Advantageously, the use of pump modulation to transmit these signals allows for the amplifier nodes to perform self-provisioning upon installation, based upon the signals transmitted between a pair of nodes (i.e., providing the proper gain/power levels) when first energized.
In an exemplary embodiment, binary FSK modulation is used, with a software-based modulator employing two sinusoidal waves operating at different frequencies that are impressed on the pump as a function of the supervisory message (digital) data values to be transmitted. The related demodulator utilizes envelope detection to recover the transmitted digital supervisory message data.
In further accordance with the principles of the present invention, a scaling element may be included in the FSK modulator at the input to the pump driver to ensure that the modulation depth (power envelope) of the amplified customer data stays below a threshold that would otherwise introduce errors in the transmitted customer data. A scaling element is preferably also included in the FSK demodulator at the downstream node, since amplification in a rare-earth doped amplifier is frequency dependent and the output envelopes used by the included decision circuit may exhibit very different peak values. Thus, the scaling element is used at the demodulator to equalize the peak amplitudes of the two envelope detected signals and reduce the possibility of errors at the output of the detection circuit.
It is contemplated that pump modulation may be used to transmit various types of data between amplifier nodes, not only supervisory information but changes in protocols; for example, information transmitted at the data link level.
Moreover, in the absence of customer signal traffic (such as in the initial installation of an amplifier node in the network), the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) created by the amplifying component itself may be used as the “signal” upon which the supervisory message data is transmitted. In this case of initial provisioning of an amplifier node, the supervisory messages may be particularly associated with determining optimum pump parameters for the given node location.
One particular embodiment of the present invention takes the form of apparatus included within an optical amplifier node for providing bi-directional communication of network information between optical amplifier nodes within an optical communication network. Each amplifier within the optical amplifier node is formed as a fiber-based optical amplifier that utilizes a pump source for imparting gain onto a customer signal. In particular, the inventive apparatus includes a modulator responsive to supervisory message data for generating a modulation output signal that is applied as an input to a pump driver of a first fiber-based optical amplifier within the optical amplifier node, forming a modulated pump output for amplifying the customer signal (where the modulation appears as an envelope on the amplified customer signal), and a demodulator coupled to an output from a second fiber-based optical amplifier within the optical amplifier node, the demodulator receiving as an input an electrical version of the received optical signal and recovering therefrom the supervisory message data superimposed on the received customer signal.
Another embodiment of the present invention is defined as a method of communicating supervisory message data from a first fiber-based optical amplifier node to a second fiber-based optical amplifier node. The inventive method includes the steps of: (1) receiving supervisory message data in digital form; (2) modulating a pump driver circuit with the received supervisory message data to create a modulated output; (3) applying the modulated output to a pump source, generating a pump output with a modulated optical power; (4) combining the modulated optical power with a customer signal provided as an input to the first fiber-based optical amplifier; (5) creating a modulated, amplified optical output from the first fiber-based optical amplifier node; and (6) transmitting the modulated, amplified optical output to the second fiber-based optical amplifier node.
Other and further embodiments and aspects of the present invention will become apparent during the course of the following discussion and by reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring now to the drawings,
Node A includes a first optical amplifier 4 for receiving information-bearing optical signals I1 (hereinafter referred to as “customer signals”), amplifying the customer signals, and coupling these amplified signals into optical fiber 2 for the west-to-east propagation to node B. Node A also includes a second optical amplifier 5 for receiving and amplifying customer signals arriving from Node B in the east-to-west direction along optical fiber 3 and supplying these amplified signals as output signals O1. As mentioned above, node A also includes a supervisory unit 6 for providing the necessary supervisory and telemetry functions associated with optical amplifiers. The operation of supervisory unit 6 is well known to those skilled in the art and is used to facilitate messaging across a supervisory data link established between optical components such as optical amplifiers and the like. As previously indicated, this prior art supervisory data link takes the form of a separate channel from the information-bearing customer signals, and as a result requires components (and component space), at an additional cost, within each amplifier node.
Similarly, Node B includes optical amplifiers 7 and 8 for receiving, amplifying, and supplying optical signals in the respective directions along optical fiber paths 2 and 3, respectively. More specifically, node B receives information-bearing optical signals I2 (i.e., customer signals), amplifies these customer signals within optical amplifier 8, and supplies the amplified signals along optical fiber path 3 in the east-to-west direction to node A. Optical amplifier 7 receives and amplifies optical signals arriving from node A on optical fiber 2 and supplies the amplified signals as output signals O2. Node B also includes a supervisory unit 9 for carrying out similar functions as those described for the corresponding element in node A.
As previously indicated, the supervisory signal is typically used for messaging, alarm reporting, and so on between nodes A and B. For example, optical amplifier 4 in node A may receive a counter-propagating supervisory signal, filter it out of the information-bearing customer signals, and provide it to supervisory unit 5 to facilitate control of node A (in conjunction with a controller, not shown). The same principles of operation apply for communication in optical fiber path 3 involving the respective components of nodes A and B.
As shown in
As with the conventional operation of an amplifier node as discussed above, customer signals I1 entering first node 12 are passed through an optical amplifier 20 to boost the power in these signals before being coupled into optical fiber 16 and transmitted along to second node 14. Optical amplifier 20 is shown in this embodiment to take the form of a doped-fiber amplifier, including a section of rare-earth doped gain fiber 22. Also shown in this view is a pump source 24 (e.g., a laser diode operating at a known pump wavelength, such as 980 nm for Er-doped fiber) and a pump driver 26 used to provide the input drive signal to pump source 24 and energize the laser diode. A wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) 28 is included in optical amplifier 20 to combine this pump light with the incoming customer optical signals, providing their combination as the input to gain fiber 22, where the presence of the pump light results in amplifying (increasing the power level) of the customer signals.
In accordance with the principles of the present invention, a modulator 30 is included within first optical amplifier node 12 and is used to modulate the drive current provided by pump driver 26. The modulation is based on the supervisory message data (shown as “DATA IN”) that is to be transmitted from first node 12 to second optical amplifier node 14 (i.e., the data that was previously transmitted over a separate, out-of-band supervisory channel). In particular, modulator 30 receives the supervisory information data as an input and utilizes this data to modulate the pump drive signal. As a result, the amplification experienced by the customer signals is varied as a function of this modulation, which may take the form of an envelope superimposed on the amplified customer signals, as will be described in detail herein below.
The modulated, amplified customer signals thereafter propagates along optical fiber 16 and is received by second optical amplifier node 14, as in the conventional node-to-node transmission process. In accordance with the principles of the present invention, however, a portion of the received signal is tapped out and converted into an electrical equivalent E by an included photodiode 32. Electrical signal E is subsequently applied as an input to a demodulator 34 (configured to match the functioning of modulator 30) to recover the actual supervisory message data transmitted from first node 12 to second node 14.
The majority of the received customer signals is passed through a first optical amplifier 36 included within second node 14 to boost the power of the customer signals prior to exiting node 14 as output signal O2.
In order to provide a complete, bi-directional communication path, second node 14 includes a modulator 38 that is responsive to its own “local” supervisory message data that is to be transmitted back to first node 12. As with the configuration discussed above, modulator 38 uses this supervisory message as “DATA IN” to modulate a pump driver 40 that is used to energize an included pump source 42. Here, both an incoming set of customer signals I2 and the modulated pump light are applied as inputs to a fiber-based amplifier 44. In particular, the customer signals I2 and pump light are combined within a WDM 46 and introduced into a gain fiber 48. Thus, the data values of the supervisory message is used to modulate the amplification of the customer signals, exhibited as superimposed on a power envelope of the customer signals, which is thereafter coupled into optical fiber 18 for transmission to first optical amplifier node 12.
A photodetector 48 and associated demodulator 50 are included in first optical amplifier node 12 to respond to an out-coupled portion of this incoming signal on optical fiber 18 and recover the particular supervisory message information being transmitted from second optical amplifier node 14 to first optical amplifier node 12. As shown in
In particular, modulator 30F takes the form of a binary FSK modulator that utilizes a pair of sinusoidal-based waveforms W1 and W2, stored in an on-chip memory element 54. Memory element 54 is particularly shown as providing as separate outputs the first sinusoidal waveform W1 (operating at a fixed frequency f1) and the second sinusoidal waveform W2 (operating at a different fixed frequency f2). The incoming supervisory message data (hereinafter defined as “SMD”) is digital in form and is used to switch between the transmission of waveform W1 and waveform W2 as a function of the logic value to be transmitted.
A particular configuration of a suitable switching arrangement is shown in
Thus, in accordance with the principles of binary FSK modulation, an incoming SMD signal have a logic value “1” will be modulated by first frequency f1, and data of a logic “0” value will be modulated by second frequency f2. The two modulated streams are then combined within an adder 62 to provide the carrier modulation output of modulator 30F that is applied as an input to pump driver 26 to control the power of the pump light entering amplifier 20. Said another way, the “raw” SMD incoming digital stream is used to switch between the two frequencies f1 and f2 applied as the input to the pump driver 26. An exemplary form of an output from modulator 30F applied as an input to pump driver 26 is also shown in
In preferred embodiments of the present invention, FSK modulator 30 also includes a scaling element, shown as scaling element 64 in
An exemplary demodulator 34 particularly configured for use with FSK modulator 30F is shown in
Turning to the particulars of FSK demodulator 34F, the FSK-modulated electrical signal E uses conventional bandpass filtering typical in FSK modulation to determine the proper frequency (i.e., f1 or f2) used for the specific received data bit. That is, input E is applied along parallel paths shown here as paths 70 and 72. Path 70 includes a first bandpass filter 74, centered at frequency f1, and path 72 includes a second bandpass filter 76, centered at frequency f2. The passband (i.e., bandwidth) of filters 74, 76 is typically relatively narrow and may be set empirically (i.e., a higher filter Q will provide a sharper passband, at the expense of a longer lag in tracking the signal, which a lower filter Q will increase the responsivity of the demodulator, at the expense of perhaps introducing errors in the recovered supervisory message data). The outputs from bandpass filters 74, 76 will discern if there is a tone (if that frequency is associated with the current signal value), or remain at a zero output level. A separate envelope detector is disposed at the output of each bandpass filter, shown as a first envelope detector 78 disposed at the output of first bandpass filter 74 and a second enveloped detector 80 disposed at the output of second bandpass filter 76. The responses from detectors 78, 80 are thereafter applied as separate inputs to a decision circuit 82, which thereafter provides a reconstructed version of the original digital supervisory information. In preferred embodiments, a scaling element 84 is disposed along one of the signal paths (here, shown as along path 72) and is used to equalize the peak values produced by the pair of envelope detectors 78, 80.
As mentioned above, one significant advantage of pump modulation message signaling is the ability to use this type of messaging to enable self-provisioning for a new amplifier node installation. That is, using messaging between a pair of nodes and the local measurements, the amplifiers can be configured to perform set-up in terms of pump power levels. Since no customer traffic is yet passing through these nodes, the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) generated by activation of the pump laser diodes and the response of the optical amplifier components is used as the “signal” upon which the provisioning message data is superimposed. Considered as “noise”, the ASE is still a signal in a form where the supervisory messaging data can be used to modulate to the pump driver so as to superimpose the data on the envelope of the ASE itself. No additional hardware is required beyond what is already available at a typical amplifier node. Thus, the pump modulation scheme of the present invention may be used to transmit supervisory messages between amplifier nodes, perform dynamic link set-up, and perhaps also transmit higher-level message protocols, allowing this information to be sent from one amplifier node to another in one direction from a given network access point to another access point.
In various applications of the present invention, it is anticipated that certain messages transmitted between a pair of amplifier nodes do not need to continue to propagate along a signal path to other downstream amplifier nodes (or other network elements), the self-provisioning discussed above being one example of this type of “local” messaging. In these situations, it may be preferable to utilize active filtering of a modulated, amplified (received) customer signal to remove the SMD modulating envelope prior to re-introducing the propagating customer signal into the network signal path. Without some means for removing the superimposed SMD, it would otherwise remain as an artifact on the customer signal as it propagates through the network. Indeed, this remaining modulation may subsequently be impacted by a “new” supervisory message that a particular amplifier node desires to transmit downstream to the next node in the sequence. Clearly, without any type of filtering, these supervisory messages would continue to build up along a signal path within the optical communication network.
In accordance with this embodiment of the present invention, the information related to the recovered SMD is used in an active filtering mode to eliminate the presence of this modulating envelope on the actual customer signal that is passing through node 92. In the embodiment shown in
The modulating pump output is then combined with the received customer signal Ia in a WDM 104 within a fiber-based optical amplifying component 106, with the combination of signal and modulated pump thereafter passed through a section of rare earth-doped gain fiber 108 to provide a “clean” output customer signal Ob (“clean” in this case meaning that the residual SMD has essentially been removed).
In arrangements where it is desired to inject a “new” supervisory message for transmission to a following node, the “DATA IN” is applied to modulator 98, which then processes both this new data and the need to remove the old data in a manner such that modulating envelope superimposed on output customer signal Ob represents only the new information.
In particular,
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will be able to devise numerous arrangements, which although not explicitly shown or described herein, nevertheless embody the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such modifications are therefore contemplated by the teachings herein as not limiting the scope of the present invention as defined by the claims appended hereto.
