1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to motors. More specifically, the present invention concerns a motor particularly suitable for wet rotor configurations.
2. Discussion of Prior Art
Those ordinarily skilled in the art will appreciate that motors are used in a variety of applications, including, but not limited to, driving liquid pumps. Safety standards and overall functionality of liquid pump motors require that motor components are protected from liquid exposure. Liquid pump motors also require regular maintenance on the bearings due to thrust load induced by the impeller. It is generally desirable to design a liquid pump motor that is sealed from direct contact with liquids and to reduce impeller induced thrust load.
According to one aspect of the invention, a pump assembly is provided. The pump assembly comprises a pump and a pump motor. The pump includes a rotatable impeller housed within a pump chamber. The pump motor includes a rotor assembly and a stator assembly. The rotor assembly includes a rotor shaft that extends along a rotational axis and is connected to the impeller for rotational movement therewith, with rotation of the impeller imparting a thrust load on the rotor shaft in a first axial direction. The rotor assembly includes a magnetic rotor component that is fixed to the rotor shaft for rotational movement therewith. The stator assembly includes a magnetic stator component. The magnetic components cooperatively define a magnetic zero condition, in which magnetic fields generated by the magnetic components exert substantially no axial force on the rotor shaft. The rotor and stator assemblies are configured so that the magnetic components are out of the magnetic zero condition during motor operation, with the magnetic fields thereby inducing a solenoid force on the rotor shaft in a second axial direction opposite the first axial direction.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a motor for powering a liquid pump, wherein the pump includes a rotatable impeller housed within a pump chamber, is provided. The motor comprises a rotor assembly and a stator assembly. The rotor assembly is rotatable about an axis and is connectable to the impeller. The stator assembly includes a magnetic stator component and an overmolded stator casing sealingly encapsulating the magnetic stator component.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a motor is provided. The motor is comprised of a stator assembly and a rotor assembly. The rotor assembly is rotatable about an axis relative to the stator assembly. The rotor assembly includes a rotor shaft extending along the axis, a magnetic rotor component, and an overmolded rotor casing fixedly interconnecting the rotor shaft and magnetic rotor component.
This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in simplified form. These concepts are further described below in the detailed description of the preferred embodiments. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.
Various aspects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawing figures.
Preferred embodiments of the invention are described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures, wherein:
a is an enlarged cross-sectional view of just the rotor assembly, as depicted in
a is an enlarged, fragmented view of
a is an enlarged, fragmented view of the motor as depicted in
The drawing figures do not limit the present invention to the specific embodiments disclosed and described herein. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the preferred embodiment.
The present invention is susceptible of embodiment in many different forms. While the drawings illustrate, and the specification describes, certain preferred embodiments of the invention, it is to be understood that such disclosure is by way of example only. There is no intent to limit the principles of the present invention to the particular disclosed embodiments.
With initial reference to
As noted, the pump assembly 20 has particular utility when the motor 22 is configured to provide driving power to an impeller 26 in a liquid pump chamber 24, such as a pool pump chamber, and is used as a pool pump motor. The structure and operation of the liquid pump chamber 24 may be generally conventional in nature and need not be described in further detail here.
The motor 22 is designed to allow liquid to flow between the pump chamber 24 and various motor components as further discussed below. This “wet” design is useful for facilitating cooling of the motor components (e.g., the stator and rotor), particularly for liquid pump applications. Referring to the drawings, first to
Turning now to
As is somewhat conventional and readily appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, the windings 54 are coupled to wiring 55 that serves as a lead for pulling current from a main power source (not shown). The wiring 55 extends through the casing 50 and presents a terminal 46 for connecting the power source. The casing 50 preferably provides a sealed wiring port 56, such that the terminal 46 or wiring can extend therethrough without concern of liquid entry. In a preferred embodiment, the wiring 55 is comprised of a conductive material, such as copper.
The stator casing 50 is generally comprised of an injection-molded thermoplastic blend of polyphenylene oxide (PPO) and polystyrene (PS) resin. The winding overmold 57 is generally comprised of a thermoplastic polyester resin. However, any material suitable for meeting insulation and/or pump requirements may be considered for use for the overmolds within the scope of this invention. The preferred stator casing material is substantially rigid to define a structural case for the motor. More specifically, the stator casing 50 defines inner and outer surfaces 59,60 of the motor 22, with the magnetic stator component 48 being embedded within the casing 50. In this manner, the magnetic stator component 48 is sealed from exposure to liquid from both within and outside the motor 22.
More particularly, the stator casing 50 defines a rotor chamber 58 that generally receives at least a portion of a rotor assembly 36 therein. In the preferred embodiment, the rotor chamber 58 is fluidly connectable to the pump chamber 24 such that liquid can fill the rotor chamber 58 around the rotor assembly 36. At the open end 30 of the motor, the stator casing 50 defines an open end 61 of the rotor chamber. The stator casing 50 presents a motor seal plate 40 adjacent the open end 61 of the rotor chamber.
The motor seal plate 40 is configured to connect the motor 22 to the pump chamber 24. The motor seal plate 40 presents a plurality of mounting holes 62 for receiving fasteners (not shown) secured to the pump chamber 24, although various connecting structures may be alternatively used without departing from the teachings of the present invention.
In some embodiments, the stator casing may include a freeze plug (not shown). The freeze plug generally functions as a corking mechanism that plugs a channel (not shown) between the rotor chamber 58 and the environment external to stator case 50. In the event of liquid expansion within the rotor chamber (e.g., due to liquid freezing), the freeze plug releases pressure acting on the stator casing 50 to prevent expansion-related damage, such as casing cracking.
Turning now to
For some aspects, a magnetic stator component 48 need not be encased. In fact, the motor 22 could have an open design such that the encasing or “waterproofing” of the magnetic stator component 48 is not required. For example, the magnetic stator component 48 may be at least partially exposed (e.g., vented or substantially open) to the environment when operating in a “dry” environment. Therefore, in dry applications, exposure of liquids to the magnetic stator component 48 may not be of particular concern.
As shown in
In the illustrated embodiment, the rotor core 78 and rotor shaft 72 cooperatively define an annular gap 82. The rotor casing 76 fills the annular gap 82. As shown in
As is somewhat conventional and readily appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, liquid pump motors generally require the use of multiple sealing components including, but not limited to, a rotating wear seal, a motor slinger, and a motor seal. The use of overmolding eliminates the need for multiple sealing components. Elimination of the rotating seal further allows for increased motor tolerances for pump impeller axial location, because rotating wear seal pressure no longer needs to be critically controlled. More specifically, the use of overmolding foregoes the need for a motor shaft seal, a motor shaft water slinger, and a pump ceramic seal, which is a wear and maintenance part. The overmolded design integrates all of the parts in a liquid pump motor from the seal plate to the motor, thereby reducing material, assembly time and complexity, cost, and the need for seals. Overmolding further improves moisture resistance and protects motor windings from the environment.
The rotor shaft presents opposing axial ends. The first axial end 90 is rotatably supported by the bearing assembly 68 adjacent the closed end of the rotor chamber 64. The endshield 38 is fixed relative to the seal plate 40 and presents a bearing housing 94 adjacent to and coaxially aligned with the endshield opening 42. A bearing assembly 96 is fixed within the bearing housing 94 and rotatably supports a second axial end of the rotor shaft 92. The bearing assembly 96 preferably comprises a ball bearing having at least one flat 98 defined on its outer circumferential face. In the preferred embodiment, the flat 98 is defined within a circumferential groove of the bearing assembly 96, with a rib 99 of the endshield bearing housing 94 extending into the groove to prevent relative rotation and axial movement between the bearing assembly 96 and endshield 38. In the illustrated embodiment the bearing housing has two axially-aligned grooves, although just one or more than two grooves of varying alignment may be permitted. The second axial end 92 projects axially outward from the open end of the rotor chamber 61, through the bearing assembly 96, and into the pump chamber 24. The second axial end of the rotor shaft 92 supports the impeller 26 for rotational movement therewith. As will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, the impeller 26 can use various methods of attaching to the rotor shaft 92 that are within the scope of the invention.
The endshield opening 42 is preferably defined by an annular spoked opening. The rotor chamber 58 is thereby fluidly coupled to the pump chamber 24. Therefore, the rotor casing 76 overlying the magnetic rotor component 74, part of the shaft 72, and the bearing assemblies 68,96 are exposed to the liquid. The “wet” configuration of the motor 22 and the use of the overmolded stator and rotor casings 50,76 eliminates liquid induced corrosion, and further eliminates the need for multiple sealing components. Elimination of the rotating seal further allows for increased motor tolerances for pump impeller axial location, because rotating wear seal pressure no longer needs to be critically controlled. More specifically, the “wet” configuration and the use of overmolded casings forgoes the need for a motor shaft seal, a motor shaft water slinger, and a pump ceramic seal, which is a wear and maintenance part.
As will be readily appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, operation of a motor, particularly under load, can lead to premature breakdown of the bearings. Load forces lead to decreased motor efficiency and increased load on the rotor bearings. As can be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, motors are generally designed so that the rotor and stator are aligned at a “magnetic zero condition.” In other words, the magnetic element of the stator and the magnetic component of the rotor are aligned such that axial and radial reluctance between the magnetic component and magnetic element are in a minimum reluctance configuration. Maximum motor efficiency is generally achieved when the rotor and stator are in such a configuration. The magnetic zero condition for the illustrated motor 22 is referenced by the line 100 (see
Rotation of the impeller 26 imparts a thrust load on the rotor shaft 72 in a first axial direction D1. The rotor and stator assemblies 36,34 are configured so that the magnetic components 48,74 are out of the magnetic zero condition 100 during motor operation, with the magnetic fields thereby inducing a solenoid force on the rotor shaft 72 in a second axial direction D2 opposite the first axial direction D1. Thrust load forces can be substantially offset by configuring the rotor and stator assemblies 36,34 such that the solenoid forces acting between the assemblies are substantially equal to the thrust load, as preferred.
In the illustrated embodiment, each of the magnetic components 48,74 present an axial length and a center located midway along the length. The magnetic components 48,74 are generally symmetric about the center. The magnetic components are axially offset 102 so that the centers thereof are axially spaced from one another. With the preferred embodiment, this offset (as represented by line 102 in
As can be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, a substantially vertically oriented motor will have additional gravitational forces acting axially on the rotor assembly 36, as opposed to a substantially horizontally oriented motor having zero to minimal gravitational forces acting on the rotor assembly 36. In a substantially vertical orientation, a gravitational force acts axially downwardly on the rotor assembly 36. Thus, to offset the impeller 26 induced thrust load, the rotor and stator assemblies 36,34 are configured such that the solenoid force is substantially equal to a negative vector sum of the thrust load and the gravitational force acting on the rotor shaft 72. In a vertically upright motor as illustrated in
One of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate that the calculations for determining the solenoid forces for offsetting the thrust load, with or without gravitational forces, would be elementary in single-speed motor configurations. However, when dealing with variable speed motor configurations, the rotor and stator assemblies need to be configured so that the solenoid forces would maximize efficiency throughout the entire range of motor speeds. In a preferred embodiment, a maximum speed and a minimum speed would create a maximum thrust load and minimum thrust load, respectively. Therefore, in a preferred embodiment for variable speed motors, the solenoid force would be substantially equal to one-half of the negative vector sum of the maximum thrust load and the minimum thrust load.
The preferred forms of the invention described above are to be used as illustration only, and should not be utilized in a limiting sense in interpreting the scope of the present invention. Obvious modifications to the exemplary embodiments, as hereinabove set forth, could be readily made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
The inventors hereby state their intent to rely on the Doctrine of Equivalents to determine and assess the reasonably fair scope of the present invention as pertains to any apparatus not materially departing from but outside the literal scope of the invention as set forth in the following claims.
This application claims priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/789,741, filed Mar. 15, 2013, which is hereby incorporated in its entirety by reference herein.
Number | Date | Country | |
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61789741 | Mar 2013 | US |