Patent Application
20110311386
This invention relates to reduced-pulsation pumping systems. More particularly, this invention relates to pulsation-reducing pumping systems which provide superior pumping capability through the reduction of fluid pulsations and cavitation tendencies. In addition, this invention relates to gear pumps having increased operational safety and superior field configurability.
Fluid pulsation is a hallmark of conventional positive-displace gear pumps. Flow pulsation during the operation of such pumps is often associated with damage to piping, meters, valves, and instrumentation. In addition, flow pulsation in essential production processes often contributes to poor and/or inconsistent product quality, thus producing off-spec waste or inferior final results. Particularly problematic is the reduced accuracy of flow metering and measurement devices (especially in pulse-sensitive coriolis flow meter apparatus) that result from fluid pulsation. A means for directly reducing flow pulsation and similar “noise” within the output of positive displacement pumps would be of great benefit to many fields.
Gear pump cavitation is associated with reduced pumping performance and erosion of internal pumping surfaces. Cavitation generally results from the sudden formation and collapse of low-pressure bubbles in the fluid being pumped. Increasing gear pump performance by reducing the tendency of a given pump to experience cavitation at elevated pump speeds would be of great benefit in many fields, including asphalt pumping.
Asphalt is a cementitious material widely used in numerous industrial applications including paving and roofing. Many asphalt-installation procedures require the asphaltic materials to be heated into a workable molten state prior to use. It is common for such hot asphalt materials to be maintained at temperatures ranging between about 100 and 200 degrees Celsius. Specialized pumping apparatus is frequently used to transfer and meter such hot asphaltic materials.
Numerous safety hazards arise from the handling of asphalt in an elevated temperature. Asphalt has a large thermal capacity and therefore poses a high potential for serious injury should an uncontrolled release of the materials occur. An ideal pumping apparatus would prevent failures by controlling any overpressures occurring within an asphalt pumping system, for the full duration of the material transfer, including forward, reverse, and high-volume pumping operations.
Conventional asphalt-pump designs provide limited or marginal pressure safety during operation, and are not readily modifiable using straightforward engineering. Furthermore, conventional asphalt-pump designs have remained substantially unchanged over time and currently offer little in terms of adaptability/field configurability. Improvements in asphalt pumping systems to provide safe and efficiently adaptable designs would also be of great benefit to many.
A primary object and feature of the present invention is to provide a system overcoming the above-mentioned problems.
It is a further object and feature of the present invention to provide such a system that provides a direct means for reducing flow pulsation within positive displacement pumps. It is another object and feature of the present invention to provide increased gear pump performance by reducing the tendency of a given pump to experience cavitation at elevated pump speeds. It is another object and feature of the present invention to provide such a system having improved protection from unsafe overpressures, which can arise when portions of the asphaltic materials within the pumping system fail to reach or maintain the necessary molten-fluid state. It is another object and feature of the present invention to provide such a system using a set of interchangeable modular components to provide a highly adaptable asphalt pumping device. It is a further object and feature of the present invention to provide such a system that utilizes a symmetrical physical geometry to increase modularity within the mateable components of the system. A further primary object and feature of the present invention is to provide such a system that is efficient, inexpensive, and useful. Other objects and features of this invention will become apparent with reference to the following descriptions.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment hereof, this invention provides a system relating to pumping viscous molten fluids comprising: at least one modular-component pump structured and arranged to pump the viscous molten fluids; wherein such at least one modular-component pump comprises at least one central pump housing having at least one first open end, at least one second open end, and at least one internal chamber extending therebetween, at least one inlet to inlet the viscous molten fluids to within such at least one internal chamber and at least one outlet to outlet the viscous molten fluids therefrom, operating within such at least one internal chamber, at least one shaft-driven fluid displacer to displace the viscous molten fluid from such at least one inlet to such at least one outlet, a first single-geometry end unit structured and arranged to interchangeably engage a selected one of either of such at least one first open end or such at least one second open end, a second single-geometry end unit, having a geometric configuration common with such first single-geometry end unit, such second single-geometry end unit structured and arranged to interchangeably engage a remaining one of either of such at least one first open end or such at least one second open end, and at least one set of interchangeable end-unit modifiers each one structured and arranged to interchangeably modify the function of such first single-geometry end unit and such second single-geometry end unit; wherein such at least one shaft-driven fluid displacer comprises at least one driveshaft structured and arranged operably couple such at least one shaft-driven fluid displacer with at least one source of rotational power external of such central pump housing; wherein such at least one set of interchangeable end-unit modifiers comprises at least one shaft-type modifier structured and arrange to modify either of such first single-geometry end unit and such second single-geometry end unit to comprise at least one drive-shaft passage enabling rotatable passage of such at least one driveshaft therethrough, and at least one cover-type modifier structured and arrange to cover at least one external opening, of either of such first single-geometry end unit and such second single-geometry end unit, in fluid communication with at least one internal chamber.
Moreover, it provides such a system wherein: such at least one shaft-driven fluid displacer is structured and arranged to generate, within such at least one internal chamber, at least one suction-pressure region in fluid communication with such at least one inlet and at least one discharge-pressure region in fluid communication with such at least one outlet port; each one of such first single-geometry end unit and such second single-geometry end unit further comprise at least one first fluid return passage structured and arranged return the viscous molten fluids from such at least one discharge-pressure region to such at least one suction-pressure region; such at least one first fluid return passage comprises at least one first return inlet, at least one first return outlet, and at least one control valve structured and arranged to control passage of the viscous molten fluid between such at least one first return inlet and such at least one first return outlet; such at least one control valve comprises at least one normally closed position blocking flow of the viscous molten fluids through such at least one first fluid return passage and at least one open position enabling one-way flow of the viscous molten fluids between such at least one first return inlet and such at least one first return outlet; such at least one control valve is configured to transition from such at least one normally closed position to such at least one open position in response to at least one elevated fluid pressure in such at least one discharge-pressure region above at least one selected pressure threshold; and when such at least one control valve is in such at least one open position, return circulation of the viscous molten fluids through such at least one first fluid return passage is enabled between such at least one discharge-pressure region and such at least one suction-pressure region.
Additionally, it provides such a system wherein such at least one control valve comprises at least one pressure-threshold selector structured and arranged to enable user selection of the at least one selected pressure threshold. Also, it provides such a system wherein such at least one modular-component pump further comprises: at least one positive-displacement external gear pump; wherein such at least one shaft-driven fluid displacer comprises a first pumping gear disposed rotatably within such at least one internal chamber, and meshing with such first pumping gear, a second pumping gear disposed rotatably within such at least one internal chamber; wherein such first pumping gear comprises such at least one input shaft, and a first rotational axis oriented coaxially with such at least one drive shaft; wherein such second pumping gear comprises a second rotational axis spaced apart from and generally parallel to such first rotational axis; wherein each such single-geometry end unit comprises at least two gear-journal bores structured and arranged to rotatably journal therein such first pumping gear and such second pumping gear; wherein each one of such at least two gear-journal bores is structured and arranged to interchangeably journal therein either one of such first pumping gear and such second pumping gear; and wherein each one of such at least two gear-journal bores extends through single-geometry end unit to enable passage of such at least one driveshaft therethrough.
In addition, it provides such a system wherein: when disposed within such at least one internal chamber, such first pumping gear and such second pumping gear are structured and arranged to divide such at least one internal chamber into at least one first chamber portion and at least one second chamber portion; such at least one first chamber portion is configured to comprise such at least one suction-pressure region when such at least one driveshaft is driven in a forward rotation; such at least one second chamber portion is configured to comprise such at least one discharge-pressure region when such at least one driveshaft is driven in the forward rotation; such at least one first chamber portion is configured to comprise such at least one discharge-pressure region when such at least one driveshaft is driven in a reversed rotation; such at least one second chamber portion is configured to comprise such at least one suction-pressure region when such at least one driveshaft is driven in the reversed rotation; and such at least one first fluid return passage is in fluid communication with both such at least one first chamber portion and such at least one second chamber portion.
Furthermore, it provides such a system wherein such at least one single-geometry end unit comprises: a first plane of symmetry dividing such single-geometry end unit into a first half portion and a second half portion; wherein such first half portion and such second half portion comprise symmetrically opposite functional geometries; wherein, such first plane of symmetry is located equidistant from both such first rotational axis and such second rotational axis; and wherein, when such at least one single-geometry end unit is mated to such central pump housing, such first plane of symmetry is oriented perpendicular to an axis-containing plane containing both such first rotational axis and such second rotational axis. Further, it provides such a system wherein such first half portion and such second half portion each comprise a gear-journal bore of such at least two gear-journal bores. Further, it provides such a system wherein each such gear-journal bore comprises at least one plain bearing.
Even further, it provides such a system wherein: such at least one first fluid return passage is disposed between each such gear-journal bore of such first half portion and such second half portion and in at least one position intersecting such first plane of symmetry; and such at least one single-geometry end unit structured and arranged to be symmetrically mountable to such at least one central housing to selectably locate such at least one first return inlet and such at least one first return outlet in fluid communication with either of such at least one first chamber portion and such at least one second chamber portion.
Moreover, it provides such a system wherein such at least one central housing further comprises: at least one mount structured and arranged to assist mounting of such at least one modular-component pump to at least one mountable support external of such at least one modular-component pump; wherein such at least one mount comprises at least one mounting contact surface, comprising at least one contact-surface plane, structured and arrange to contact the at least one mountable support; wherein such at least one central housing is further structured and arranged to orient such axis-containing plane, containing both such first rotational axis and such second rotational axis, in at least one non-parallel orientation relative to such at least one contact-surface plane; and wherein such at least one non-parallel orientation geometrically positions one of either of such first rotational axis or such second rotational axis further from such at least one mounting-surface plane than the other one of such first rotational axis or such second rotational axis when such first pumping gear and such second pumping gear are journaled rotatably within such first single-geometry end unit and such at least one second single-geometry end unit.
Additionally, it provides such a system wherein such at least one central housing is further structured and arranged to orient such axis-containing plane, containing both such first rotational axis and such second rotational axis, at about a 45-degree angle relative to such at least one contact-surface plane. Also, it provides such a system wherein such at least one shaft-type modifier comprises: detachably mountable to either of such first half portion and such second half portion, at least one apertured cap plate having at least one shaft-passing aperture structured and arranged to enable outward passage of such at least one driveshaft therethrough; wherein such at least one shaft-passing aperture of such at least one apertured cap plate is structured and arranged to coaxially align with a respective one of such at least two gear-journal bores when such at least one apertured cap plate is detachably mounted to either of such first half portion and such second half portion.
In addition, it provides such a system wherein such at least one cover-type modifier comprises: detachably mountable to either of such first half portion and such second half portion, at least one non-apertured cap plate structured and arranged to cover a respective one of such at least two gear-journal bores when such at least one apertured cap plate is detachably mounted to either of such first half portion and such second half portion. And, it provides such a system wherein such at least one single-geometry end unit comprises at least one first outer fluid jacket structured and arranged to assist circulation of at least one thermal-transfer fluid usable to control the temperature of the viscous molten fluids within such at least one single-geometry base unit.
Further, it provides such a system wherein such at least one central pump housing comprises at least one second outer fluid jacket structured and arranged to assist circulation of the at least one thermal-transfer fluid usable to control the temperature of the viscous molten fluids within such at least one central pump housing. Even further, it provides such a system wherein: such first single-geometry end unit is operably-mounted to such at least one central pump housing in at least one orientation locating such at least one first return inlet, of such at least one first configurable end cover, in fluid communication with such at least one second chamber portion; such second single-geometry end unit is operably-mounted to such at least one central pump housing in at least one orientation locating such at least one first return inlet, of such at least one second single-geometry end unit, in fluid communication with such at least one first chamber portion; return circulation of the viscous molten fluids is enabled between such at least one second chamber portion and such at least one first chamber portion through such at least one first fluid return passage of such at least one first single-geometry end unit when at least one fluid pressure above the at least one selected pressure threshold is developed within such at least one discharge-pressure region of such at least one second chamber portion by a forward rotation of such at least one input shaft; and return circulation of the viscous molten fluids is enabled between such at least one first chamber portion and such at least one second chamber portion through such at least one first fluid return passage of such at least one second single-geometry end unit when at least one fluid pressure above the at least one selected pressure threshold is developed within such at least one discharge-pressure region of such at least one first chamber portion by a reverse rotation of such at least one input shaft. Even further, it provides such a system wherein such at least one pressure-threshold selector of such at least one control valve of such first single-geometry end unit is adjustable independently of such at least one pressure-threshold selector of such at least one control valve of such at least one second single-geometry end unit.
Even further, it provides such a system wherein: such first single-geometry end unit is operably-mounted in at least one orientation locating such at least one first return inlet, of such at least one first configurable end cover, in fluid communication with such at least one second chamber portion; such second single-geometry end unit is operably-mounted in at least one orientation locating such at least one first return inlet, of such at least one second single-geometry end unit, in fluid communication with such at least one second chamber portion; and high-volume return circulation of the viscous molten fluids is enabled between such at least one second chamber portion and such at least one first chamber portion by a return flow through both such at least one fluid return passages of such first single-geometry end unit and such at least one second single-geometry end unit when at least one fluid pressure above the at least one selected pressure threshold is developed within such at least one discharge-pressure region of such at least one second chamber portion.
In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, this invention provides a pumping system relating to pumping viscous molten fluids comprising: a modular-component pump structured and arranged to pump the viscous molten fluids; wherein such modular-component pump comprises a pump housing having a right-hand open end, a left-hand open end, and an internal chamber extending therebetween, an inlet to inlet the viscous molten fluids to within such internal chamber and at least one outlet to outlet the viscous molten fluids therefrom, operating within such internal chamber, a shaft-driven fluid displacer to displace the viscous molten fluid from such inlet to such outlet, and interchangably mountable to either of such right-hand open end and such left-hand open end, a modifiable single-geometry end unit structured and arranged to modifiably cover such internal chamber; wherein such shaft-driven fluid displacer comprises an driveshaft structured and arranged operably couple such shaft-driven fluid displacer with at least one source of rotational power external of such pump housing; wherein such at least one modular-component pump is configurable in at least four configurations using two such modifiable single-geometry end units; wherein such modifiable single-geometry end units are selectably mountable to such pump housing in such at least four configurations; wherein at least two left-hand driveshaft configurations, enabling left-hand outward passage of such driveshaft from such pump housing, are field configurable; and wherein at least two right-hand driveshaft configurations, enabling right-hand outward passage of such driveshaft from such pump housing, are field configurable.
Even further, it provides such a pumping system wherein: each such modifiable single-geometry end unit comprises at least one pressure-relief valve structured and arranged to return circulation of the viscous molten fluids between at least one discharge-pressure region and at least one suction-pressure region of such internal chamber in response to at least one elevated fluid pressure in such at least one discharge-pressure region above at least one selected pressure threshold; and such at least one modular-component pump is field configurable in at least three pressure-relieving configurations using two such modifiable single-geometry end units, each one comprising such at least one pressure-relief valve.
Furthermore, it provides such a pumping system wherein at least one of such at least three pressure-relieving configurations comprises a cotemporaneous pressure-reliving operation by such at least one pressure-relief valves. Even further, it provides such a pumping system wherein: at least one of such at least three pressure-relieving configurations comprises forward pressure-relief by a first of such at least one pressure-relief valves during forward pumping operation; and reverse pressure-relief by a second of such at least one pressure-relief valves during reverse pumping operation.
In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, this invention provides a pumping system relating to pumping viscous molten fluids comprising: a modular-component pump structured and arranged to pump the viscous molten fluids; wherein such modular-component pump comprises at least one pump housing having at least one first open end, at least one second open end, and at least one internal chamber extending therebetween, at least one inlet to inlet the viscous molten fluids to within such at least one internal chamber and at least one outlet to outlet the viscous molten fluids therefrom, operating within such at least one internal chamber, at least one shaft-driven fluid displacer to displace the viscous molten fluid from such at least one inlet to such at least one outlet, and a modular housing plate mountable to either of such at least one first open end and such at least one second open end; wherein such at least one shaft-driven fluid displacer comprises at least one driveshaft structured and arranged operably couple such at least one shaft-driven fluid displacer with at least one source of rotational power external of such central pump housing; and wherein each such modular housing plate is configurable as either a pump end plate, to cap a selected one of either such at least one first open end or such at least one second open end, or a pump shaft plate structured and arranged to accommodate passage of such at least one driveshaft through such modular housing plate from a selected one of either of such at least one first open end or such at least one second open end.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment hereof, this invention provides a pump system, relating to the reduction of pressure pulsations during pumping of fluids, comprising: at least one gear pump comprising at least one internal pumping chamber; disposed within such at least one internal pumping chamber, a set of intermeshing helical gears; wherein each helical gear of such set of intermeshing helical gears comprises a set of gear teeth defining an outer addendum circle and an inner root circle; and an opposing pair of terminating gear faces defining a gear-face width; wherein each terminating gear face of such opposing pair of terminating gear faces is oriented transversely to a respective rotation axis of such set of intermeshing helical gears; wherein such set of gear teeth comprise a helix angle, relative to such respective rotation axis, providing exactly a one-half tooth pitch rotation from one terminating gear face to the opposing terminating gear face; and wherein fluid pressure pulses are reduced essentially by pulse-pressure cancellation.
Moreover, it provides such a system wherein: when disposed within such at least one internal chamber, such a set of intermeshing helical gears are structured and arranged to divide such at least one internal chamber into at least one discharge-pressure region and at least one suction-pressure region; such at least one gear pump comprises at least one fluid return passage structured and arranged return the viscous molten fluids from such at least one discharge-pressure region to such at least one suction-pressure region; wherein such at least one fluid return passage comprises in fluid communication with such at least one discharge-pressure region, at least one second return inlet, in fluid communication with such at least one suction-pressure region, at least one second return outlet, and in fluid communication with such at least one second return inlet and such at least one second return outlet, at least one fluid pathway extending therebetween; wherein such at least one fluid return passage comprises at least one flow modulator structured and arranged to modulate the flow volume of the viscous molten fluids through such at least one second fluid pathway; and wherein fluid pressure pulses are further reduced essentially by pulse-pressure cancellation.
Additionally, it provides such a system further comprising: at least one active controller structured and arranged to actively control the operation of such at least one flow modulator; wherein such at least one active controller comprises at least one coordinator structured and arranged to coordinate the operational timing of such at least one flow modulator with cyclic pressure fluctuations exhibited by such at least one gear pump during operation; wherein such at least one coordinator is configured to enable a maximum flow volume, through such at least one fluid pathway, coinciding with both maximum elevated positive pressure levels and maximum reduced positive pressure levels within such at least one discharge-pressure region; wherein such at least one coordinator is configured to enable a minimum flow volume, through such at least one second fluid pathway, coinciding with pressure transitions, within such at least one discharge-pressure region, between such maximum elevated positive pressure levels and such maximum reduced positive pressure levels; wherein such controlled modulation of the flow of the viscous molten fluids through such at least one fluid pathway assists in reducing peak amplitudes of such cyclic pressure fluctuations exhibited by such at least one gear pump during operation.
Also, it provides such a system further comprising at least one metering device structured and arranged to meter outputs of the viscous molten fluids. In addition, it provides such a system wherein such at least one metering device comprises at least one coriolis-type flow meter. And, it provides such a system wherein such at least one metering device comprises at least one outer fluid jacket structured and arranged to assist circulation of at least one thermal-transfer fluid usable to control the temperature of the viscous molten fluids within such at least one metering device.
In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, this invention provides a system, relating to metering in pumping viscous molten fluids, comprising: at least one gear pump structured and arranged to pump the viscous molten fluids; and operably coupled with such at least one gear pump, at least one metering device structured and arranged to meter outputs of the viscous molten fluids; wherein such at least one modular-component pump comprises at least one first set of outer fluid jackets structured and arranged to assist circulation of at least one thermal-transfer fluid usable to control the temperature of the viscous molten fluids within such at least one modular-component pump; wherein such at least one metering device comprises at least one second set of outer fluid jackets structured and arranged to assist circulation of the at least one thermal-transfer fluid usable to control the temperature of the viscous molten fluids within such at least one metering device; wherein such at least one second set of outer fluid jackets comprise at least one fluid coupler structured and arranged to fluid couple such at least one second set of outer fluid jackets and such at least one first set of outer fluid jackets; and wherein such at least one fluid coupler enables circulation of the at least one thermal-transfer fluid between such at least one third outer fluid jacket and such at least one second outer fluid jacket. Further, it provides such a system wherein such at least one metering device comprises at least one coriolis-type flow meter.
In accordance with another preferred embodiment hereof, this invention provides a pump system, relating to pump bearing lubrication, comprising: at least one gear pump structured and arranged to pump liquids wherein such at least one pump comprises at least one fluid displacer structured and arranged to displace viscous molten fluids from at least one inlet to such at least one outlet of such at least one gear pump, and at least one bearing surface structured and arranged to rotatably journal at least one shaft portion of such at least one fluid displacer; at least one lubrication pathway structured and arranged to assist lubrication of such at least one bearing surface using the viscous molten fluids; wherein such at least one pump is structured and arranged to move the viscous molten fluids through such at least one lubrication pathway by at least one differential pressure generated during operation of such at least one pump; and wherein such at least one pump is structured and arranged to provide one-way movement of the viscous molten fluids through such at least one lubrication pathway. In addition, the system provides each and every novel feature, element, combination, step and/or method disclosed or suggested by this patent application.
Modular-component pump 102 is designed to enhance safety and reduce costs associated with the design and implementation of pumping system for viscous molten fluids, such as, hot asphalt and similar bituminous materials. Preferred embodiments of asphalt pumping system 100, preferably including modular-component pump 102, are assembled from groupings of selectable modular components 104 of the system.
Modular-component pump 102 is preferably organized around a central pump housing 106 having a first open end 108, a second open end 110, and an internal chamber 112 extending therebetween. Preferably, pump housing 106 is roughly bisymmetrical about midline 121, shown using a dashed-line depiction, and may preferably comprise one of several preferred lengths X to accommodate differing pump output capacities.
Pump housing 106 is further preferably configured in such manner as to provide a suction inlet 114 and a discharge outlet 116 for the viscous molten fluids. Inlet 114 is preferably configured to inlet the viscous molten fluids to within internal chamber 112 and outlet 116 preferably functions to outlet the viscous molten fluids therefrom. Within the depicted pump embodiment, inlet 114 and outlet 116 are arbitrarily assigned to facilitate the teachings herein. It is noted that modular-component pump 102 is preferably configured to operate equally in forward pumping and reverse pumping operation. The rotational direction of driveshaft 126 determines which of the two ports function as inlet 114 and as outlet 116.
The viscous molten fluid is preferably displaced between inlet 114 and outlet 116 by at least one shaft-driven fluid displacer 118 disposed operably within internal chamber 112, as shown.
Shaft-driven fluid displacer 118 is preferably coupled to a power-input shaft identified herein as driveshaft 126. Driveshaft 126 is preferably structured and arranged to operably couple shaft-driven fluid displacer 118 with at least one source of rotational power external of pump housing 106 (such as an electrically-powered motor or similar prime mover). In a highly preferred embodiment of the system, modular-component pump 102 is of a positive-displacement external gear pump design 120, as shown. As such, shaft-driven fluid displacer 118 preferably comprises a first pumping gear 122 combined with a second pumping gear 124 meshing with first pumping gear 122, as shown. Preferably, both first pumping gear 122 and second pumping gear 124 are disposed rotatably within internal chamber 112 of pump housing 106, as shown. First pumping gear 122 preferably comprises driveshaft 126 that is coaxially aligned along a first rotational axis 128 of first pumping gear 122, as shown. Second pumping gear 124 (functioning as an idler gear) preferably comprises a second rotational axis 130 spaced apart from and generally parallel to first rotational axis 128, as shown.
An innovative feature of the system is the preferred use of the same end component (identified herein as single-geometry end unit 132) to terminate each open end of pump housing 106.
Modular-component pump 102 is preferably assembled by mounting a first single-geometry end unit 132A to first open end 108 of pump housing 106 and a second single-geometry end unit 132B (having a geometric configuration common with first single-geometry end unit 132A) to second open end 110 of pump housing 106, as shown. The preferred symmetrical mounting geometries of pump housing 106 and single-geometry end unit 132 allows first single-geometry end unit 132A and second single-geometry end unit 132B to be fully interchangeable and each may be selectably engaged in at least two functional orientations on either one of first open end 108 or second open end 110. The preferred use of a single-geometry end unit 132 reduces the number of unique components required to form an operational pump, thereby reducing manufacturing, initial acquisition, and in-service operational costs.
Referring to
As illustrated in
First plane of symmetry 150 is preferably located about an equal distance A from both first rotational axis 128 and second rotational axis 130, as shown. In addition, first plane of symmetry 150 is oriented about perpendicular (90 degrees) to axis-containing plane 156 containing both first rotational axis 128 and second rotational axis 130 (as shown in
Asphalt pumping system 100 preferably comprises a set of interchangeable end-unit modifiers 134, each one structured and arranged to interchangeably define the operating function single-geometry end unit 132 when mounted. In more specific terms, single-geometry end unit 132 is preferably modifiable by the application of combinations of interchangeable end-unit modifiers 134 to produce units functioning as either a pump “shaft plate” or a pump “end plate”. In the present disclosure, the term “shaft plate” or “drive plate” shall be generally defined as an end- terminating structure of a pump housing adapted to accommodate the rotational passage of a drive shaft. The term “end plate” shall be generally defined herein as an end-terminating structure used to close the open end of a pump housing, with no accommodation for the rotational passage of a drive shaft.
Shaft-type modifier assembly 136 preferably comprises a radial shaft-seal design (lip seal) preferably comprising an arrangement of annular shaft-seal components 148 including a main shaft plate 146 detachably mountable to either first half portion 152 or second half portion 154 of single-geometry end unit 132. Upon reading this specification, those with ordinary skill in the art will now appreciate that, under appropriate circumstances, considering such issues as cost, intended use, etc., other sealing arrangements such as, for example, packing assemblies, alternate sealing assemblies, alternate bearing arrangements, etc., may suffice.
Main shaft plate 146 preferably comprises a central shaft-passing aperture 149 to enable outward passage of driveshaft through the plate (at least embodying herein at least at least one apertured cap plate having at least one shaft-passing aperture structured and arranged to enable outward passage of such at least one driveshaft therethrough). Shaft-passing aperture 149 (and sealed drive-shaft passage 140) is preferably positioned within the assembly so as to coaxially align with a respective one of the two gear-journal bores 142 when main shaft plate 146 is mounted to either of first half portion 152 or second half portion 154.
In the preferred embodiment of modular-component pump 102, shaft-type modifier assembly 136 preferably includes a single cover-type modifier 138 used to cover the gear-journal bore 142 adjacent main shaft plate 146. Cover-type modifier 138 (at least embodying herein at least one non-apertured cap plate structured and arranged to cover a respective one of such at least two gear-journal bores when such at least one apertured cap plate is detachably mounted to either of such first half portion and such second half portion) preferably omits the shaft-passing aperture of main shaft plate 146. The preferred structures and arrangements of cover-type modifier 138 are described greater detail in
Single-geometry end unit 132 is preferably configured to enable the mechanical fastening of cover-type modifiers 138 and main shaft plate 146 to either first half portion 152 and second half portion 154, as shown. First half portion 152 and second half portion 154 preferably comprise a symmetrical arrangement of threaded bores 158 adapted to threadably receive a set of threaded anchors 160 passing through a corresponding set of bores within cover-type modifiers 138 and main shaft plate 146, as shown. This preference allows the unit to be readily serviced or reconfigured, should such requirements arise.
Mount 162 is preferably configured to enable firm mechanical mounting of modular-component pump 102 to a mountable support 164 external of modular-component pump 102. Mount 162 preferably comprises a lower contact surface 166, comprising a contact-surface plane 168, which rests adjacent mountable support 164 when modular-component pump 102 is installed. Mount 162 is preferably configured to enable a bolted connection between mount 162 and mountable support 164.
As shown in
The low-shaft position 171 of
The shaft-driven fluid displacer 118 formed by first pumping gear 122 and second pumping gear 124 is preferably designed to generate, within internal chamber 112, a suction-pressure region in fluid communication with inlet 114 and a discharge-pressure region in fluid communication with outlet 116. When located within internal chamber 112, first pumping gear 122 and second pumping gear 124 divide internal chamber 112 into first chamber portion 182 and second chamber portion 184, as shown.
In a forward pumping operation (wherein driveshaft 126 is driven in a forward rotation 222), first chamber portion 182 is preferably configured to comprise the suction-pressure region and second chamber portion 184 is preferably configured to comprise the discharge-pressure region. In a reverse pumping operation (wherein driveshaft 126 is driven in reversed rotation 224), first chamber portion 182 is preferably configured to comprise the discharge-pressure region and second chamber portion 184 is preferably configured to comprise the suction-pressure region. It is noted that modular-component pump 102 is preferably configured to operate equally in forward pumping and reverse pumping operation. Thus, the rotational direction of driveshaft 126 preferably determines which of the two chamber portions service inlet 114 and outlet 116.
Each single-geometry end unit 132 preferably comprises an integral pressure-relief assembly 186 designed to prevent the pump from developing potentially dangerous fluid-pressure levels during operation, which can arise when portions of the asphaltic materials within the pumping system fail to reach or maintain the necessary molten-fluid state. Each single-geometry end unit 132 preferably comprises a fluid return passage 188 adapted to return a portion of the viscous molten fluids from a respective discharge-pressure region to a respective suction-pressure region. The preferred location and configuration of return passage 188 is best illustrated in the sectional view of
Fluid return passage 188 is preferably configured to be in fluid communication with both first chamber portion 182 and second chamber portion 184, as shown. Fluid return passage 188 is preferably disposed between each gear-journal bore 142, as shown, and in a position intersecting first plane of symmetry 150.
Fluid return passage 188 preferably comprises return inlet 190, return outlet 192, and a control valve 194 to control passage of the viscous molten fluid between return inlet 190 and return outlet 192, as shown. Single-geometry end unit 132 is preferably configured to be symmetrically mountable to pump housing 106 to selectably locate return inlet 190 and return outlet 192 in fluid communication with either of first chamber portion 182 and second chamber portion 184.
Control valve 194 preferably comprises an adjustable, direct-acting relief valve having a poppet plate 200 held against a valve seat 202 by an adjustable spring 204, as shown. Control valve 194 preferably comprises at least one normally closed position with poppet plate 200 seated against valve seat 202, as shown. In the normally closed position, flow of the viscous molten fluids through fluid return passage 188 is blocked. Control valve 194 is designed to block flow through fluid return passage 188 until the fluid pressure in the discharge-pressure region, acting on poppet plate 200, overcomes the adjustable spring force of spring 204. When the fluid pressure on poppet plate 200 overcomes the adjustable spring force of spring 204, control valve 194 transitions to an open position, thereby enabling one-way flow of the viscous molten fluids between return inlet 190 and return outlet 192. When control valve 194 is in the open position, return circulation of the viscous molten fluids through fluid return passage 188 is enabled between the discharge-pressure region and the suction-pressure region. When fluid pressure in the discharge-pressure region drops below the selected threshold, poppet plate 200 again reseats on valve seat 202 to block the flow of the viscous molten fluids through fluid return passage 188.
Control valve 194 is preferably configured to transition from the normally closed position to the open position in response to an elevated fluid pressure in the discharge-pressure region above at least one selected pressure threshold. Such a selected pressure threshold is preferably adjustable, preferably by adjustment of an externally accessible pressure-threshold selector 206.
Pressure-threshold selector 206 preferably comprises an externally-accessible spring adjuster 208 in operable engagement with spring 204. Spring adjuster 208 preferably comprises a threaded member 211 engaged within valve assembly cover plate 210, which is removably engaged on single-geometry end unit 132, as shown. The threaded member 211 preferably comprises a hexagonal head adapted to receive a wrench or similar tool used to set the position of spring adjuster 208 by threading spring adjuster 208 in and out of valve assembly cover plate 210. Manipulation of spring adjuster 208 preferably adjusts the spring pressure by compressing or relieving the active coils of spring 204, thereby enabling user selection of the selected pressure threshold. Pressure-threshold selector 206 is preferably adjustable to provide cracking pressures ranging between about 10 pounds per square inch (PSI) and about 100-PSI. Upon reading this specification, those with ordinary skill in the art will now appreciate that, under appropriate circumstances, considering such issues as cost, user preference, etc., other relief arrangements such as, for example, non-adjustable valves, mechanically actuated or remotely controlled valves, etc., may suffice.
Modular-component pump 102 is preferably capable of being configured in at least three pressure-relieving configurations using two single-geometry end units 132, each containing one pressure-relief assembly 186. It is helpful to recall that each single-geometry end unit 132 can be mounted to either of first open end 108 or second open end 110 in one of two symmetrical orientations. For a given single-geometry end unit 132, the two possible mounting orientations place return inlet 190 of fluid return passage 188 in fluid communication with either first chamber portion 182, as suggested by the configurations of
In operation, this “staggered” arrangement of relief valves relieves pressures in both forward and reverse pumping operations, without the need to reconfigure the pump. More specifically, return circulation of the viscous molten fluids is enabled between second chamber portion 184 and first chamber portion 182, through fluid return passage 188 of first single-geometry end unit 132A when a fluid pressure above the selected pressure threshold occurs within a discharge-pressure region developed within second chamber portion 184 by a forward rotation 222 of driveshaft 126. On the opposing end of the pump, return circulation of the viscous molten fluids is enabled between first chamber portion 182 and second chamber portion 184, through fluid return passage 188 of second single-geometry end unit 132B, when a fluid pressure above the selected pressure threshold occurs within a discharge-pressure region developed within first chamber portion 182 by reverse rotation 224 of driveshaft 126 (at least embodying herein wherein at least one of such at least three pressure-relieving configurations comprises forward pressure-relief by a first of such at least one pressure-relief valves during forward pumping operation; and reverse pressure-relief by a second of such at least one pressure-relief valves during reverse pumping operation).
It noted that the pressure-threshold selector 206 of first single-geometry end unit 132A is adjustable independently of the pressure-threshold selector 206 of second single-geometry end unit 132B. For example, a particular application may require the selected pressure threshold of second single-geometry end unit 132B to be adjusted to crack at 80 PSI while the selected pressure threshold of first single-geometry end unit 132A is set to crack at a lower 30 PSI. Upon reading this specification, those with ordinary skill in the art will now appreciate that, under appropriate circumstances, considering such issues as cost, intended use, pump design, etc., other relief valve arrangements such as, for example, omitting or disabling a relief valve at one end of a pump, etc., may suffice.
The third preferred relief-valve configuration of the present system is a variant of alternate aligned arrangement 230 preferably comprising a 180-degree rotation of the orientations of first single-geometry end unit 132A and second single-geometry end unit 132B on pump hosing 106. This third preferred configuration, enabled by the symmetrical geometry of modular-component pump 102, preferably provides high-volume relief return circulation when a discharge-pressure region is generated within first chamber portion 182 and the fluid pressure within first chamber portion 182 rises to above the selected pressure threshold.
Alternate aligned arrangement 230 is particularly useful in configuring modular-component pump 102 to function as an unloading pump, where high-volume flow rates are utilized during operation. Such unloading operations often utilize flow rates in the range of 300 gallons per minute, exceeding the bypass capacity of a single relief valve.
It is also noted that modular-component pump 102 is preferably adaptable to function as a flow meter to measure the volume of material flow during a handling operation. In this alternate preferred embodiment configuration, it is necessary to disable all relief valve functions, preferably by “bottoming out” the spring adjusters 208 of the pressure-threshold selectors 206.
Each single-geometry end unit 132 preferably comprises at least one fluid-conducting jacket 250 structured and arranged to assist circulation of at least one thermal-transfer fluid, typically heated oil, use to maintain the temperature of the viscous molten fluids within the pump assembly. As best illustrated in the sectional view of
Pump housing 106 is similarly configured to comprise at least one outer fluid jacket 262, as best illustrated in
At start-up, the entire pump, including the pressure-relief assembly 186, is filled with cold asphalt. In the preferred embodiments of the present invention, pressure-relief assembly 186 is preferably located adjacent a fluid-conducting jacket 250, as shown, and is preferably configured to be heated by the thermal-transfer fluid circulating therein. If pressure-relief assembly 186 was not heated, the assembly would have to scavenge heat from remote components of the pump possibly resulting in initial operation of the pump with the pressure-relief assembly immobilized by solidified asphalt. If the system were to be plugged downstream, fluid pressure could build to dangerous levels. What commonly happens in this circumstance is the electrical circuit breaker of the drive motor overloads to stop the pump; however, before the breaker trips, the pressure may build well beyond the intended relief pressure setting. This is a dangerous condition and over time contributes to wear and tear on the pump, motor, and all valves and flange joints between the pump and the offending stoppage.
The preferred heat-jacketed single-geometry end unit 132 (shown in
The inherent flexibility of configuration provided within asphalt pumping system 100 allows the system to produce multiple embodiments ranging from small tack-truck pumps, larger truck pumps, plant pumps, up to and including high-volume off-loading pumps. Preferred embodiment of the system may also be configured as metering pumps by adapting a metering device to driveshaft 126.
Concurrent with the development of the above-described preferred embodiments of the present system, Applicant conceived a particularly beneficial gear geometry that was found to produce unexpected reductions in the amplitudes of flow pulsations. More specifically, Applicant's preferred “phase-balanced” gear geometry was found to significantly reduce or functionally eliminate cyclic non-uniformity in output pressure and volume during operation. Empirical testing showed significantly lower pressure amplitudes for any given pump speed, without significant measurable losses in pump performance. Thus, preferred embodiments of asphalt pumping system 100 include features directed to the reduction of pulsation pressures within the output flow of the pump along with a reduced tendency of specific pump configurations to exhibit cavitation at higher operation speeds.
Pulsations in the output flow of conventional positive displacement pumps are an inherent feature of their operation. The pulsation behavior of such pumps is directly related the number of gear teeth supplied within the pumping gears of the fluid displacer. For example, a conventional external gear pump having twelve teeth (that is, two gears each with six teeth) will create twelve pulses in each 360-degree revolution. Thus, a conventional pump rotating at 400 revolutions per minute (RPM) will generate 4800 pulses per minute in the output flow.
A conventional gear pump creates displacement when the solid tooth of one gear enters the adjacent root of the other gear and displaces the liquid. The pulse is created when the total liquid displaced throughout the engagement is not linear. More specifically, a six-tooth gear will displace six root chambers per 360-degree revolution; each chamber being preferably located at equal 60-degree intervals. During the discharge of one 60-degree root, less than half of the total discharge is completed during the first and last halves of the rotation, while more than half is completed in the mid portion. As a result, the material flows out of the pump in a pulsing flow that amounts to the 12 pulses per revolution noted above.
Preferred pulse-reduction embodiments of asphalt pumping system 100 utilize two principal means for reducing pulsations within the output flow; the first is related to gear geometry, as described in
In regard to manipulation of gear geometries, Applicant determined that a specific combination of gear length and helix angle have a direct affect on the amplitude of each pulse. The longer the gear, the more it was found to dilute (or lower) the pulse amplitude. Consequently, longer gears resulted in lower pulse amplitude, a stabilized flow, and higher production rates. Further improvements were achieved preferably by establishing a specific relationship between the gear length angle of the helical gear teeth 305.
Referring to
Preferably, each terminating gear face 311 is oriented transversely to rotation axis 314 of phase-balanced gear 301, as shown. Within each gear, the set of helical gear teeth 305 are preferably arranged to comprise a helix angle Q1, relative to such rotation axis 314, as shown. Helix angle Q1 is preferably selected to provide exactly a one-half tooth pitch rotation from gear face 308 to the opposing gear face 312. This preferred arrangement was found to measurably reduce the fluid pressure pulses essentially by pulse-pressure cancellation. More specifically, Applicant has measured significant reductions in pump pulsation when the helical angle Q1 of the gear produces an exact half-tooth rotation along length X, as shown.
Each phase-balanced gear 301 preferably comprises a generally cylindrical-shaped pump gear having helical teeth 305 disposed at angle Q1 of about three degrees relative to axis 314 and a tooth length X of about ten inches (25.4 cm). In the six-tooth gear of
It is Applicant's belief that the preferred half-helix geometry of the gears creates a phase discharge balance during operation; that is, when one end of the gear is at maximum discharge, the opposing end is at minimum discharge. This preferably establishes a “back-and-forth” reciprocal action that repeats continuously as the pump rotates. The net downstream result is a “cancellation” of the pulse resulting in a steady stabilized flow. Such balanced flow has many benefits, one being an output flow that can be more accurately metered by a mass-flow metering device. Such pulse-pressure cancellation within the pump preferably removes contradictory sensor readings in the metering device by eliminating pulsation forces acting on the sensors of the meter.
In a further preferred refinement to pulse-cancelling positive-pressure gear pump 300, Applicant developed an effective secondary fluid-pressure control mechanism that, when utilized in conjunction with gear geometry 302, was demonstrated to further reduce pulsation pressure amplitudes within both the outlet pressure and the inlet vacuum profiles. Identified herein as pulse-canceling circuit 330, the refinement preferably functions to actively attenuate primary pump pulsations by the timed opening of a fluid passage between the discharge-pressure region 316 and the suction-pressure region 318 of internal chamber 112.
The following teachings will describe Applicant's actively-controlled shunting of fluid pressures between the discharge and suction regions of the pump using pulse-canceling circuit 330. In that regard,
Pulse-canceling circuit 330 is preferably configured to return the viscous molten fluids from discharge-pressure region 316 to suction-pressure region 318. In one preferred embodiment of the system, each pulse-cancelling positive-pressure gear pump 300 comprises four separate pulse-canceling circuits 330 preferably integrated within the outer alternate end plates 404. In this preferred arrangement, two of the four pulse-canceling circuits 330 are integrated within each opposing alternate end plate 404 of pulse-cancelling positive-pressure gear pump 300, as shown in
Referring to
In preferred embodiments of the system, at least one portion of fluid pathway 328 passes through gear-journal bore 142. In pulse-cancelling positive-pressure gear pump 300, the entire fluid pathway 328 passes through gear-journal bore 142. Thus, each pulse-canceling circuit 330 is preferably associated with one gear-journal bore 142 and one bearing surface of alternate end plates 404. More specifically, fluid pathway 328 preferably extends between a respective shaft journal 332 of phase-balanced gear 301 (see
In the depicted pulse-cancelling positive-pressure gear pump 300, passage of viscous molten fluids through fluid pathway 328 preferably provides friction-reducing lubrication of the bushings 144 located along the return-flow path. Thus, each fluid pathway 328 of each pulse-canceling circuit 330 preferably establishes a lubrication pathway 408 within the pump to divert a portion of the viscous molten fluid to assist hydrodynamic lubrication of the bearing surfaces.
In the depicted pulse-cancelling positive-pressure gear pump 300, shaft journal 332 comprises a preferred diameter of about 1.607 inches (2.71 cm) and bushing 144 comprises a bore diameter of about 1.618 inches (4.109 cm). Additional flow clearance may preferably be provided by lubrication grooves recessed within the bore of bushing 144. It is also noted that the preferred helical design of phase-balanced gears 301 produces a transverse thrust that relocates shaft slightly off a centerline position to one side of the bore, thus altering the shaft-to-bore clearance available for fluid passage. In practice, it is surmised that the reduced cross-sectional area of the bearing passage has the effect of suppressing the effective rate of flow through the active pulse-canceling circuits 330.
Pulse-canceling circuit 330 is preferably structured and arranged to move the viscous molten fluids through fluid pathway 328/lubrication pathway 408 by the pressure differential generated during pump operation. Pulse-cancelling positive-pressure gear pump 300 is preferably designed to enable substantially one-way movement of the viscous molten fluids through lubrication pathway 408. In preferred operation, essentially all viscous molten fluids used to lubricate the bearing surface move through lubrication pathway 408 from the high-pressure region to the low-pressure region of the pump.
In specific reference to
Preferably, return inlet 324 comprises at least one inlet channel 414 preferably comprising a shallow L-shaped recess formed within inner chamber face 406, as shown. In pulse-cancelling positive-pressure gear pump 300, inlet channel 414 of return inlet 324 comprises a preferred width M of 0.3 inch (0.762 cm) and a semi-circular cross-sectional area of about 0.035 square inches (0.0889 cm). As best illustrated in the elevational view of
Return outlet 326 is preferably located within inner chamber face 406 of a respective alternate end plate 404, as shown. Preferably, the viscous molten fluids are discharged from fluid pathway 328 to suction-pressure region 318 through return outlet 326. It is noted that return outlet 326 is also preferably supplied with a recessed channel 418 located symmetrically opposite inlet channel 414. Recessed channel 418 is preferably configured to direct the viscous molten fluids toward the bearing surfaces when the pump is reversed or orientation of the endplate is rotated. It is noted that in a modular endplate design, a corresponding return outlet 326 is preferably provided at inlet channel 414. This return outlet is preferably plugged, except in circumstances where the orientation of the end plate is rotated or the predominate direction of pump operation is to be reversed.
In specific reference to alternate end plate 404 of
Recessed channel 418 is preferably located symmetrically opposite inlet channel 414, relative to transverse line of symmetry 438, and is symmetrically identical to inlet channel 414 except as noted herein. Preferably, recessed channel 418 includes return outlet 326, preferably returning the viscous molten fluids from outer hollow cavity 416 to discharge from fluid pathway 328 to suction-pressure region 318. Return outlet 326 preferably comprises a radius R3 of about 0.15 inch (0.381 cm). Upon reading this specification, those with ordinary skill in the art will now appreciate that, under appropriate circumstances, considering such issues as cost, intended use, etc., other pulse-canceling circuit arrangements such as, for example, alternate inlet and/or outlet angular positions, alternate numbers of ports, alternate port-size arrangements, etc., may suffice.
When operably mounted within internal chamber 112 of the pump, both return inlet 324 and return outlet 326 are preferably located adjacent to a terminating gear face 311. More specifically, a portion of both return inlet 324 and return outlet 326 are preferably located within a region of inner chamber face 406 located within about the outer addendum circle 306 of the adjacent terminating gear face 311, as diagrammatically shown. In the depicted pulse-cancelling positive-pressure gear pump 300, the clearance between terminating gear face 311 and inner chamber face 406 is about 0.015 inch (0.381 cm).
During gear rotation, both return inlet 324 and return outlet 326 are alternately covered and uncovered by the sequential passage of solid helical teeth 305 and open root regions 377 of the teeth passing adjacent the inlet and outlet openings (i.e., by rotation of the gear teeth about a respective rotation axis 314 of a respective phase-balanced gear 301). The above-described arrangements of pulse-canceling circuit 330 are thus preferably arranged to form a flow modulator 410, which is preferably configured to modulate the flow volume of the viscous molten fluids through pulse-canceling circuit 330.
Flow modulator 410 is preferably actively controlled by the rotation of phase-balanced gear 301. More specifically, the operational timing and coordination of flow modulator 410 is preferably controlled by the physical geometry of helical teeth 305. Observation of pulse-cancelling positive-pressure gear pump 300 during operation suggests that the primary modulation of flow through pulse-canceling circuit 330 is controlled by the covering and uncovering return inlets 324. Thus, the active control of flow modulator 410 is coordinated with the operational timing of the pump preferably due to the direct action of helical teeth 305 in blocking and unblocking return inlet 324 located at the pressure side of the pump (at least embodying herein at least one active controller structured and arranged to actively control the operation of such at least one flow modulator and wherein such at least one active controller comprises at least one coordinator structured and arranged to coordinate the operational timing of such at least one flow modulator with cyclic pressure fluctuations exhibited by such at least one modular-component pump during operation). Applicant believes this action momentarily reduces local vacuum levels, within the inlet side of the pump, by introducing fluid at increase pressure coinciding with the development of peak partial vacuums created as the gear teeth unmesh along the helical profile. This preferred arrangement allows the pump to operate at speeds that would normally induce cavitation.
In pulse-cancelling positive-pressure gear pump 300, the solid helical teeth 305 of phase-balanced gear 301 comprise a preferred thickness T of about 0.8 inch (2.032 cm) and preferably comprise an open width W of about 0.7 inch (1.778 cm) at root region 377. Both thickness T and width W are associated with the regions of helical teeth 305 that interact with return inlets 324 to establish the preferred timing of flow modulator 410.
The plot lines A and B of
Such preferred modulation of the flow of the viscous molten fluids through pulse-canceling circuit(s) 330 preferably assist in reducing peak amplitudes of cyclic fluctuations in output pressure exhibited by pulse-cancelling positive-pressure gear pump 300. The system was further demonstrated to attenuate the counteracting vacuum pulse on the inlet side (which offsets the pressure pulse at the discharge side of the pump). This appears to significantly reduce the tendency of the pump to exhibit cavitation at higher operational speeds.
A pump that is close to its critical point may begin to cavitate even when pulse-induced fluctuations in suction-side vacuum levels are relatively small. Stabilization of the flow was found to have a two-fold benefit of eliminating the pulse and its affect on both the outlet pressure and the inlet vacuum. This stabilized flow measurably raises the cavitation point (and maximum flow) of the pump.
Pulse-cancelling positive-pressure gear pump 300 allows metering devices 398 to operate with a greater degree of metering accuracy. In a preferred arrangement of the present system, metering devices 398 comprises a mass flow meter 440, as shown. Mass flow meters, also known as inertial flow meters or coriolis flow meters, are devices that measure mass flow rate of a fluid traveling through a tube. The operating principal of the device is the Coriolis effect or conservation of angular momentum due to the Coriolis acceleration of a fluid flow. Flow through mass flow meter 440 is preferably divided into two streams by a splitter near the meter's inlet and is recombined at the exit. A vibratory force is applied to the tubes, which is preferably monitored by a set of sensors. When there is no flow of the viscous molten fluids in the tubes, the inducted vibration results in identical displacements at the sensing points. When flow is present, Coriolis forces act to produce a secondary twisting vibration, resulting in a small phase difference in the relative motions. This is preferably detected at sensing points within the assembly. Pulsations produced by conventional positive displacement pumps typically reduce metering accuracy by introducing “noise” that must be filtered from the sensor output. Metering accuracy is particularly problematic when the pump pulsating frequency is near or at a rate that coincides with the meter functioning frequencies.
A conventional solution to this problem is to slow the operation of the pump, which is a highly negative option for most pump operators. Slowing the pump generally results in a slowing of the entire production process. Mounting the meter far downstream of the pump may also provide a small degree of flow stabilization, but typically does not reduce the pulsation below levels required for acceptable metering accuracy at optimal pump speeds. As a result, production output would again be greatly reduced if such arrangements were utilized with conventional pump designs.
The use of Applicant's preferred pulse-cancelling positive-pressure gear pump 300 allows the use of mass flow meter 440 with a high degree of metering accuracy.
Although applicant has described applicant's preferred embodiments of this invention using metric standardized units, such measurements have been provided only for the convenience of the reader and should not be read as controlling or limiting. Instead, the reader should interpret any measurements provided in English standardized units as controlling. Any measurements provided in metric standardized units were merely derived through strict mechanical coding, with all converted values rounded to two decimal places.
Further, although applicant has described applicant's preferred embodiments of this invention, it will be understood that the broadest scope of this invention includes modifications such as diverse shapes, sizes, and materials. Such scope is limited only by the below claims as read in connection with the above specification. Further, many other advantages of applicant's invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the above descriptions and the below claims.
The present application is related to and claims priority from prior Provisional application Ser. No. 61/355,515, filed Jun. 16, 2010, entitled “MODULAR SYMMETRICAL ASPHALT PUMPING SYSTEMS”; and, this application is related to and claims priority from prior Provisional application Ser. No. 61/361,887, filed Jul. 6, 2010, entitled “PUMPING SYSTEMS”; and, this application is related to and claims priority from prior Provisional application Ser. No. 61/429,412, filed Jan. 3, 2011, entitled “PUMPING SYSTEMS”, the contents of all of which are incorporated herein by this reference and are not admitted to be prior art with respect to the present invention by the mention in this cross-reference section.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61355515 | Jun 2010 | US | |
| 61361887 | Jul 2010 | US | |
| 61429412 | Jan 2011 | US |
