The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for producing ultra high purity carbon monoxide (CO).
CO that has low levels of nitrogen may be produced from a carbon dioxide (CO2) stream by electrolysis process. However, these production methods produce CO that still has up to 5,000 ppm CO2 remaining in the product stream. Further, the CO product stream typically contains hydrogen (H2) as an undesirable impurity. This amount of CO2 and H2 is unacceptable for use as electronic grade CO. Electronic grade CO is required to be of Ultra High Purity (UHP) having a CO2 and H2 content of 0.1 ppm or less.
There remains a need in the art for improvements to the production of CO, particularly for use as an electronic grade gas.
The invention provides methods and apparatus for the production of UHP CO having a CO2 content of 0.1 ppm or less. This is achieved by treating the CO (which may be as much as 99.5% CO stream from the primary CO production process using a reversing heat exchanger to freeze the CO2 out of the source stream.
The CO product produced by the method and apparatus of the invention contains 0.1 ppm or less of CO2 and is therefore acceptable for use as an electronic grade CO product.
The invention will be described with reference to the drawing figures.
In
The CO to be purified is delivered to the system and enters CO2 removal unit that includes a reversing heat exchanger and a snow trap. The CO2 content of the CO source gas is frozen out in the reversing heat exchanger. Any CO2 that does not adhere to the walls of the heat exchanger and is transported by the process flow as crystals or snow is then captured in the snow trap. It is critical that the snow trap be operated as close to the process liquefaction temperature as possible without allowing liquefaction to occur. Liquefaction in the snow separator could cause the product purity to decrease if the CO2 particles become dissolved or suspended in the liquid product stream. Preferably the reversing heat exchanger, the snow trap and the CO liquefier and H2 removal vessel are placed in a vacuum insulated cold box.
Periodically the snow trap and the heat exchanger are regenerated using some combination of heat, vacuum and a suitable purge gas such as Helium or Argon that is not considered a contaminant in the process gas by virtue of its subsequent application. At the end of the regeneration cycle it may be advantageous to sweep the system with pure CO product gas before beginning the next cool down and freeze out cycle. A source of liquid nitrogen (LN) provides the cold needed for the freezing of the CO2. Once the CO2 has been removed from the CO source gas, the CO gas is delivered to a CO liquefier and H2 removal vessel. In this vessel, the CO is cooled to liquid temperatures and H2 is released and vented from the system. The liquid CO can then be compressed and delivered to CO product cylinders for distribution to customers. As shown in
In another embodiment, the CO liquefier and H2 removal vessel may contain internals improving the condensation and/or the separation of the different phases. In a further preferred embodiment, the position of the CO gas inlet can be positioned between the internals.
In a preferred method of operating the described invention, a gas flow of 0.1 Nm3/hr up to 50 Nm3/hr can be purified. More preferably, the gas flow is between 5 Nm3/hr and 10 Nm3/hr or between 6 to 8 Nm3/hr.
The cold needed for freezing of the CO2 as well as liquefying the CO is provided by a source of liquid nitrogen (LN). The nitrogen passes through the system and can be treated and recycled or released to the atmosphere. Any waste N2 or H2 released from the system will be low in CO2 or CO content.
To have an economically effective process the working pressures and working temperatures are preferably based on the available specifications of the liquid nitrogen. Inside of the vacuum insulated cold box the gas stream is cooled from around ambient temperature (300 K) to around 100 K (+/−5 degree).
CO is provided from fee gas cylinders, wherein two banks of cylinders with auto changeover are set up. The CO feed gas might have the following typical specifications:
Following treatment of the CO feed gas using the system of the invention, the product CO gas meets or exceeds the following specifications:
The invention as described above provides a number of advantages. In particular, the invention provides a cost-effective method for purification of CO to obtain UHP CO needed by the electronics industry. The production of UHP CO by the method of the invention will be less expensive both in capital and operation costs as compared to prior art methods that were based on distillation technology.
An additional advantage of the invention is, that in the reversing heat exchanger also other impurities are removed from the CO source gas. The amount of carbonyl compounds, is reduced to a level below common detection levels. This is a special advantage for Iron Pentacarbonyl (Fe(CO)4) or Nickel Tetracarbonyl (Ni(CO)5), which are formed if CO is getting in contact with stainless steel, By careful material selection downstream of the cryogenic purification process, a CO gas with very low levels of carbonyl compound can be produced.
It is anticipated that other embodiments and variations of the present invention will become readily apparent to the skilled artisan in the light of the foregoing description, and it is intended that such embodiments and variations likewise be included within the scope of the invention as set out in the appended claims.
This application claims priority fror U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/433,274 filed on Dec. 13, 2016.
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
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PCT/US2017/065327 | 12/8/2017 | WO | 00 |
Number | Date | Country | |
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62433274 | Dec 2016 | US |