Patent Grant
8071565
This invention relates to organic compounds, their preparation and use as pharmaceuticals.
An aspect of the present invention provides compounds of formula (I)
or stereoisomers or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein
Terms used in the specification have the following meanings:
“Optionally substituted” or “substituted” means the group referred to can be substituted at one or more positions by any one or any combination of the radicals listed thereafter.
“Halo” or “Halogen”, as Used Herein, May be Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine or Iodine.
“C1-C8-Alkyl”, as used herein, denotes straight chain or branched alkyl having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
“C1-C8-Alkoxy”, as used herein, denotes straight chain or branched alkoxy having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
“C3-C8-Cycloalkyl”, as used herein, denotes cycloalkyl having 3 to 8 ring carbon atoms, e.g., a monocyclic group, such as a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl or cyclooctyl, any of which can be substituted by one or more, usually one or two, C1-C4-alkyl groups; or a bicyclic group, such as bicycloheptyl or bicyclooctyl.
“C1-C8-Alkylamino” and “di(C1-C8-alkyl)amino”, as used herein, denote amino substituted respectively by one or two C1-C8-alkyl groups as hereinbefore defined, which may be the same or different.
“C1-C8-Alkylcarbonyl” and “C1-C8-alkoxycarbonyl”, as used herein, denote C1-C8-alkyl or C1-C8-alkoxy, respectively, as hereinbefore defined attached by a carbon atom to a carbonyl group.
“C6-C10-Aryl”, as used herein, denotes a monovalent carbocyclic aromatic group that contains 6 to 10 carbon atoms and which may be, e.g., a monocyclic group, such as phenyl; or a bicyclic group, such as naphthyl.
“C7-C14-Aralkyl”, as used herein, denotes alkyl, e.g., C1-C4-alkyl, as hereinbefore defined, substituted by C6-C10-aryl as hereinbefore defined.
“C1-C8-Alkylaminocarbonyl” and “C3-C8-cycloalkylaminocarbonyl”, as used herein, denote C1-C8-alkylamino and C3-C8-cycloalkylamino respectively as hereinbefore defined attached by a carbon atom to a carbonyl group.
“C3-C15-Carbocyclic group”, as used herein, denotes a carbocyclic group having 3 to ring carbon atoms, e.g., a monocyclic group, either aromatic or non aromatic, such as a cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl or phenyl; or a bicyclic group, such as bicyclooctyl, bicyclononyl, bicyclodecyl, indanyl or indenyl, again any of which can be substituted by one or more, usually one or two, C1-C4-alkyl groups.
“3- to 12-Membered heterocyclic ring containing at least one ring heteroatom selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur”, as used herein, may be, e.g., furan, pyrrole, pyrrolidine, pyrazole, imidazole, triazole, isotriazole, tetrazole, thiadiazole, isothiazole, oxadiazole, pyridine, piperidine, pyrazine, oxazole, isoxazole, pyrazine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, piperazine, pyrrolidine, morpholino, triazine, oxazine or thiazole.
“5- or 6-Membered heterocyclic group containing at least one ring heteroatom selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur” as used herein may be, e.g., a saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic group, such as furanyl, pyrrolyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, isothiazolyl, tetrazolyl, thiadiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, pyridinyl, piperidinyl, pyrazinyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, piperazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl, triazinyl, oxazinyl or thiazolyl.
Throughout this specification and in the claims that follow, unless the context requires otherwise, the word “comprise”, or variations, such as “comprises” or “comprising”, will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or step or group of integers or steps but not the exclusion of any other integer or step or group of integers or steps.
Throughout this specification and in the claims that follow, unless the context requires otherwise, the word “comprise”, or variations, such as “comprises” or “comprising”, will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or step or group of integers or steps but not the exclusion of any other integer or step or group of integers or steps. As understood by one skilled in the art only combinations of substituents that are chemically possible are embodiments of the invention.
According to formula (I), R1 is suitably a 3- to 12-membered heterocyclic group containing at least one ring heteroatom selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Preferably R1 is a 5-membered heterocyclic group, such as pyazole, triazole, tetrazole, isoxazole and imidazole-2,4-dione. These heterocyclic groups are suitably substituted by a C1-C8-alkyl optionally substituted by OH.
The heterocyclic groups can be either N-bonded or C-bonded. For example, the heterocyclic groups pyrazole, triazole, tetrazole and imidazole-2,4-dione are suitably N-bonded when attached to a cyclopentane group (e.g., when W is CH2). These N-bonded heterocyclic groups can also be suitably substituted by groups such as methanol, methyl, ethyl, methoxy and methoxy-methyl. Preferably, the R1 groups attached to the cyclopentane group are
The heterocyclic groups isoxazole and tetrazole are C-bonded when attached to a furan group (e.g., when W is O). These C-bonded heterocyclic groups are suitably substituted by C1-C8-alkyl optionally substituted by OH such as hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, an ethyl group or a methyl group. Preferably, The R1 groups attached to the furan group are
According to formula (I), R2 is suitably selected from C1-C8-alkyl optionally substituted by OH, halogen or C8-C10-aryl optionally substituted by OH, halogen, such as Cl or O—C1-C8-alkyl, preferably C6-C10-aryl is phenyl. Also, preferably, the C1-C8-alkyl is substituted by two phenyl rings and the phenyl rings are unsubstituted or substituted by OH. Preferred R2 groups are
According to formula (I), R3 is suitably NR3fC(O)NR3gR3h. R3f and R3h are suitably H.
R3g is suitably C6-C10-aryl optionally substituted by OH, C1-C8-alkyl, O—C1-C8-alkyl, SO2R5, -halogen, CN, —C(═NH)NH2, or a 3- to 12-membered heterocyclic group containing at least one ring heteroatom selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, optionally substituted by 0-3R4. Preferably this 3- to 12-membered heterocyclic group is a 5-membered heterocyclic group, such as tetrazole.
According to formula (I), R1 is also suitably C7-C14-aralkyl optionally substituted by OH, O—C1-C8-alkyl, halogen, C6-C10-aryl, SO2R5, CN, —C(═NH)NH2, or O—C6-C10-aryl.
According to formula (I), R3g is also suitably 3- to 12-membered heterocyclic group, preferably a pyridine, containing at least one ring heteroatom selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, optionally substituted by 0-3R4.
According to formula (I), R3 is also suitably NHC(O)R3q, where R3q is a C6-C10-aryl optionally substituted by OH, C1-C8-alkyl, C1-C8-alkoxy, SO2R5 or -halogen.
R3q is also suitably a C7-C14-aralkyl optionally substituted by OH, C1-C8-alkyl, C1-C8-alkoxy, SO2R5 or -halogen.
Preferred R3 groups are
Another aspect of the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein the compound is of formula (Ia)
where
R1 is selected from
R2 is selected from
and
R3 is selected from
Another aspect of the invention provides compounds of formula (I) wherein the compound is of formula (Ib)
where
R1 is selected from
R2 is selected from
and
R3 is selected from
Especially preferred specific compounds of formula (I) are those described hereinafter in the Examples.
Stereoisomers are those compounds where there is an asymmetric carbon atom. The compounds exist in individual optically active isomeric forms or as mixtures thereof, e.g., as diastereomeric mixtures. The present invention embraces both individual optically active R and S isomers, as well as mixtures thereof. Individual isomers can be separated by methods well-known to those skilled in the art, e.g. chiral high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Tautomers are one of two or more structural isomers that exist in equilibrium and are readily converted from one isomeric form to another.
The compounds of the invention may exist in both unsolvated and solvated forms.
The term “solvate” is used herein to describe a molecular complex comprising the compound of the invention and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable solvent molecules, e.g., ethanol. The term “hydrate” is employed when said solvent is water.
Synthesis
Another embodiment of the present invention provides a process for the preparation of compounds of formula (I) in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, which comprises the steps of:
(i) reacting a compound of formula (Ic)
wherein
R1, W and R2 are as defined hereinbefore;
Z is H or a protecting group; and
X is a leaving group,
with a compound of formula (Id)
wherein
The compound of formula (Ic) may be prepared by reacting a compound of formula (Ie)
wherein
wherein
R1 and Z are defined hereinbefore; and
X and X2 are halogen.
Compound of formula (If) can be reacted with R2NH2 under conventional conditions to provide compound of formula (Ic).
The compounds of formula (I) can be prepared, e.g., using the reactions and techniques described below and in the Examples. The compounds of formula (I) can be prepared analogously to the preparations described in Applicant's patent applications PCT/EP2005/011344, GB 0500785.1, and GB 0505219.6. The reactions may be performed in a solvent appropriate to the reagents and materials employed and suitable for the transformations being effected. It will be understood by those skilled in the art of organic synthesis that the functionality present on the molecule should be consistent with the transformations proposed. This will sometimes require a judgment to modify the order of the synthetic steps or to select one particular process scheme over another in order to obtain a desired compound of the invention.
The various substituents on the synthetic intermediates and final products shown in the following reaction schemes can be present in their fully elaborated forms, with suitable protecting groups where required as understood by one skilled in the art, or in precursor forms which can later be elaborated into their final forms by methods familiar to one skilled in the art. The substituents can also be added at various stages throughout the synthetic sequence or after completion of the synthetic sequence. In many cases, commonly used functional group manipulations can be used to transform one intermediate into another intermediate, or one compound of formula (I) into another compound of formula (I). Examples of such manipulations are conversion of an ester or a ketone to an alcohol; conversion of an ester to a ketone; interconversions of esters, acids and amides; alkylation, acylation and sulfonylation of alcohols and amines; and many others. Substituents can also be added using common reactions, such as alkylation, acylation, halogenation or oxidation. Such manipulations are well-known in the art, and many reference works summarize procedures and methods for such manipulations. Some reference works which gives examples and references to the primary literature of organic synthesis for many functional group manipulations, as well as other transformations commonly used in the art of organic synthesis are March's Organic Chemistry, 5th Edition, Wiley and Chichester, Eds. (2001); Comprehensive Organic Transformations, Larock, Ed., VCH (1989); Comprehensive Organic Functional Group Transformations, Katritzky et al. (series editors), Pergamon (1995); and Comprehensive Organic Synthesis, Trost and Fleming (series editors), Pergamon (1991). It will also be recognized that another major consideration in the planning of any synthetic route in this field is the judicious choice of the protecting group used for protection of the reactive functional groups present in the compounds described in this invention. Multiple protecting groups within the same molecule can be chosen such that each of these protecting groups can either be removed without removal of other protecting groups in the same molecule, or several protecting groups can be removed using the same reaction step, depending upon the outcome desired. An authoritative account describing many alternatives to the trained practitioner is T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, Protective Groups In Organic Synthesis, Wiley and Sons (1999). It is understood by those skilled in the art that only combinations of substituents that are chemically possible are embodiments of the present invention.
Compounds of formula (I) in free form may be converted into salt form, and vice versa, in a conventional manner. The compounds in free or salt form can be obtained in the form of hydrates or solvates containing a solvent used for crystallization. Compounds of formula (I) can be recovered from reaction mixtures and purified in a conventional manner. Isomers, such as stereoisomers, may be obtained in a conventional manner, e.g., by fractional crystallization or asymmetric synthesis from correspondingly asymmetrically substituted, e.g., optically active, starting materials.
Compounds of formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts are useful as pharmaceuticals. In particular, they activate the adenosine A2A receptor, i.e., they act as A2A receptor agonists. Their properties as A2A agonists may be demonstrated using the method described by L. J. Murphree et al in Mol Pharmacol, Vol. 61, pp. 455-462 (2002).
Compounds of the Examples herein below have Ki values below 1.0 μM in the above assay. For example, the compounds of Examples C1 and C2 have Ki values of 0.089 μM and 0.033 μM respectively.
Having regard to their activation of the adenosine A2A receptor, compounds of formula (I), in free or pharmaceutically acceptable salt form, hereinafter alternately referred to as “agents of the invention”, are useful in the treatment of conditions which respond to the activation of the adenosine A2A receptor, particularly inflammatory or allergic conditions. Treatment in accordance with the invention may be symptomatic or prophylactic.
Accordingly, agents of the invention are useful in the treatment of inflammatory or obstructive airways diseases, resulting, e.g., in reduction of tissue damage, airways inflammation, bronchial hyperreactivity, remodelling or disease progression. Inflammatory or obstructive airways diseases and conditions to which the present invention is applicable include acute lung injury (ALI), adult/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), chronic obstructive pulmonary, airways or lung disease (COPD, COAD or COLD), including chronic bronchitis or dyspnea associated therewith, emphysema, as well as exacerbation of airways hyperreactivity consequent to other drug therapy, in particular, other inhaled drug therapy. The invention is also applicable to the treatment of bronchitis of whatever type or genesis including, e.g., acute, arachidic, catarrhal croupus, chronic or phthinoid bronchitis. Further inflammatory or obstructive airways diseases to which the present invention is applicable include pneumoconiosis (an inflammatory, commonly occupational, disease of the lungs, frequently accompanied by airways obstruction, whether chronic or acute, and occasioned by repeated inhalation of dusts) of whatever type or genesis including, e.g., aluminosis, anthracosis, asbestosis, chalicosis, ptilosis, siderosis, silicosis, tabacosis and byssinosis.
Other inflammatory or obstructive airways diseases to which the present invention is applicable include asthma of whatever type or genesis including both intrinsic (non-allergic) asthma and extrinsic (allergic) asthma, mild asthma, moderate asthma, severe asthma, bronchitic asthma, exercise-induced asthma, occupational asthma and asthma induced following bacterial infection. Treatment of asthma is also to be understood as embracing treatment of subjects, e.g., of less than 4 or 5 years of age, exhibiting wheezing symptoms and diagnosed or diagnosable as “wheezy infants”, an established patient category of major medical concern and now often identified as incipient or early-phase asthmatics. (For convenience this particular asthmatic condition is referred to as “wheezy-infant syndrome”.)
Prophylactic efficacy in the treatment of asthma will be evidenced by reduced frequency or severity of symptomatic attack, e.g., of acute asthmatic or bronchoconstrictor attack, improvement in lung function or improved airways hyperreactivity. It may further be evidenced by reduced requirement for other, symptomatic therapy, i.e., therapy for or intended to restrict or abort symptomatic attack when it occurs, e.g., anti-inflammatory (e.g., cortico-steroid) or bronchodilatory. Prophylactic benefit in asthma may, in particular, be apparent in subjects prone to “morning dipping”. “Morning dipping” is a recognized asthmatic syndrome, common to a substantial percentage of asthmatics and characterized by asthma attack, e.g., between the hours of about 4 to 6 am, i.e. at a time normally substantially distant from any previously administered symptomatic asthma therapy.
Having regard to their anti-inflammatory activity, in particular, in relation to inhibition of eosinophil activation, agents of the invention are also useful in the treatment of eosinophil related disorders, e.g., eosinophilia, in particular, eosinophil-related disorders of the airways (e.g., involving morbid eosinophilic infiltration of pulmonary tissues) including hypereosinophilia as it effects the airways and/or lungs, as well as, e.g., eosinophil-related disorders of the airways consequential or concomitant to Löffler's syndrome, eosinophilic pneumonia, parasitic (in particular metazoan) infestation (including tropical eosinophilia), bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, polyarteritis nodosa (including Churg-Strauss syndrome), eosinophilic granuloma and eosinophil-related disorders affecting the airways occasioned by drug-reaction.
Agents of the invention are also useful in the treatment of inflammatory or allergic conditions of the skin, e.g., psoriasis, contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, alopecia areata, erythema multiforma, dermatitis herpetiformis, scleroderma, vitiligo, hypersensitivity angiitis, urticaria, bullous pemphigoid, lupus erythematosus, pemphisus, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, and other inflammatory or allergic conditions of the skin.
Agents of the invention may also be used for the treatment of other diseases or conditions, in particular, diseases or conditions having an inflammatory component, e.g., treatment of diseases and conditions of the eye, such as conjunctivitis, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, and vernal conjunctivitis, diseases affecting the nose including allergic rhinitis, and inflammatory disease in which autoimmune reactions are implicated or having an autoimmune component or aetiology, including autoimmune haematological disorders (e.g., haemolytic anaemia, aplastic anaemia, pure red cell anaemia and idiopathic thrombocytopenia), systemic lupus erythematosus, polychondritis, sclerodoma, Wegener granulamatosis, dermatomyositis, chronic active hepatitis, myasthenia gravis, Steven-Johnson syndrome, idiopathic sprue, autoimmune inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease), endocrine opthalmopathy, Grave's disease, sarcoidosis, alveolitis, chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis, multiple sclerosis, primary billiary cirrhosis, uveitis (anterior and posterior), keratoconjunct-ivitis sicca and vernal keratoconjunctivitis, interstitial lung fibrosis, psoriatic arthritis and glomerulonephritis (with and without nephrotic syndrome, e.g., including idiopathic nephrotic syndrome or minal change nephropathy).
Further, agents of the invention may also be used for the treatment of cystic fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary fibrosis, inflammatory bowel syndrome, wound healing, diabetic nephropathy as described in WO 05/107463, reduction of inflammation in transplanted tissue as described in US 2005/182018, inflammatory diseases caused by pathogenic organisms as described in WO 03/086408, and cardiovascular conditions as described in WO 03/029264.
Also, the agents of the invention may be used to assess the severity of coronary artery stenosis as described in WO 00/078774 and useful in conjunction with radioactive imaging agents to image coronary activity and useful in adjunctive therapy with angioplasty as described in WO 00/78779.
Agents of the invention are also useful in combination with a protease inhibitor for prevention of organ ischemia and reperfusion injury as described in WO 05/003150, and in combination with an integrin antagonist for treating platelet aggregation as described in WO 03/090733.
Agents of the invention are also useful in promoting wound healing in bronchial epithelial cells as described in AJP-Lung, Vol. 290, pp. 849-855.
Other diseases or conditions which may be treated with agents of the invention include diabetes, e.g., diabetes mellitus type I (juvenile diabetes) and diabetes mellitus type II, diarrheal diseases, ischemia/reperfusion injuries, retinopathy, such as diabetic retinopathy or hyperbaric oxygen-induced retinopathy, conditions characterised by elevated intraocular pressure or secretion of ocular aqueous humor, such as glaucoma, ischemic tissue/organ damage from reperfusion and bedsores.
The effectiveness of an agent of the invention in inhibiting inflammatory conditions, for example in inflammatory airways diseases, may be demonstrated in an animal model, e.g., a mouse or rat model, of airways inflammation or other inflammatory conditions, e.g., as described by Szarka et al, J Immunol Methods, Vol. 202, pp. 49-57 (1997); Renzi et al, Am Rev Respir Dis, Vol. 148, pp. 932-939 (1993); Tsuyuki et al., J Clin Invest, Vol. 96, pp. 2924-2931 (1995) Cernadas et al., Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, Vol. 20, pp. 1-8 (1999); and Fozard et al Eur J Pharmacol, Vol. 438, pp. 183-188 (2002).
The agents of the invention are also useful as co-therapeutic agents for use in combination with other drug substances such as anti-inflammatory, bronchodilatory, antihistamine or anti-tussive drug substances, particularly in the treatment of obstructive or inflammatory airways diseases such as those mentioned hereinbefore, for example as potentiators of therapeutic activity of such drugs or as a means of reducing required dosaging or potential side effects of such drugs. An agent of the invention may be mixed with the other drug substance in a fixed pharmaceutical composition or it may be administered separately, before, simultaneoudy with or after the other drug substance.
Accordingly the invention includes a combination of an agent of the invention as hereinbefore described with an anti-inflammatory, bronchodilatory, antihistamine or anti-tussive drug substance, said agent of the invention and said drug substance being in the same or different pharmaceutical composition.
Suitable anti-inflammatory drugs include steroids, in particular, glucocorticosteroids such as budesonide, beclamethasone dipropionate, fluticasone propionate, cidesonide or mometasone furoate, or steroids described in WO 02/88167, WO 02/12266, WO 02/100879, WO 02/00679 (especially those of Examples 3, 11, 14, 17, 19, 26, 34, 37, 39, 51, 60, 67, 72, 73, 90, 99 and 101), WO 03/35668, WO 03/48181, WO 03/62259, WO 03/64445, WO 03/72592, WO 04/39827 and WO 04/66920; non-steroidal glucocorticoid receptor agonsts, such as those described in DE 10261874, WO 00/00531, WO 02/10143, WO 03/82280, WO 03/82787, WO 03/86294, WO 03/104195, WO 03/101932, WO 04/05229, WO 04/18429, WO 04/19935 and WO 04/26248; LTB4 antagonists, such as BIIL 284, CP-195543, DPC11870, LTB4 ethanolamide, LY 293111, LY 255283, CGS025019C, CP-195543, ONO-4057, SB 209247, SC-63228 and those described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,451,700; LTD4 antagonists include montelukast, pranlukast, zafirlukast, accolate, SR2640, Wy-48,252, ICI-198615, MK-571, LY-171883, Ro 24-5913 and L-648051; PDE4 inhibitors such as cilomilast (Ariflo® GlaxoSmithKline), Roflumilast (Byk Gulden), V-11294A (Napp), BAY19-8004 (Bayer), SCH-351591 (Schering-Plough), Arofylline (Almirall Prodesfarma), PD189659/PD168787 (Parke-Davis), AWD-12.281 (Asta Medica), CDC-801 (Celgene), SelCID™ CC-10004 (Celgene), VM554/UM565 (Vernalis), T-440 (Tanabe), KW-4490 (Kyowa Hakko Kogyo) and those disclosed in WO 92/19594, WO 93/19749, WO 93/19750, WO 93/19751, WO 98/18796, WO 99/16766, WO 01/13953, WO 03/104204, WO 03/104205, WO 03/39544, WO 04/000814, WO 04/000839, WO 04/005258, WO 04/018450, WO 04/018451, WO 04/018457, WO 04/018465, WO 04/018431, WO 04/018449. WO 04/018450. WO 04/018451, WO 04/018457, WO 04/018465, WO 04/019944, WO 04/019945, WO 04/045607 and WO 04/037805; adenosine A2B receptor antagonists, such as those described in WO 02/42298; and beta-2 adrenoceptor agonists, such as albuterol (salbutamol), metaproterenol, terbutaline, salmeterol fenoterol, procaterol, and especially, formoterol, carmoterol and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and compounds (in free or salt or solvate form) of formula (I) of WO 0075114, which document is incorporated herein by reference, preferably compounds of the Examples thereof, especially a compound of formula
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, as well as compounds (in free or salt or solvate form) of formula (I) of WO 04/16601, and also compounds of EP 1440966, JP 05025045, WO 93/18007, WO 99/64035, US 2002/0055651, US 2005/0133417, US 2005/5159448, WO 01/42193, WO 01/83462, WO 02/66422, WO 02/70490, WO 02/76933, WO 03/24439, WO 03/42160, WO 03/42164, WO 03/72539, WO 03/91204. WO 03/99764, WO 04/16578, WO 04/22547, WO 04/32921, WO 04/33412, WO 04/37768, WO 04/37773, WO 04/37807, WO 04/39762, WO 04/39766, WO 04/45618 WO 04/46083, WO 04/80964, EP1460064, WO 04/087142, WO 04/089892, EP 01477167, US 2004/0242622, US 2004/0229904, WO 04/108675, WO 04/108676, WO 05/033121, WO 05/040103, WO 05/044787, WO 05/058867, WO 05/065650, WO 05/066140 and WO 05/07908.
Suitable bronchodilatory drugs include anticholinergic or antimuscarinic agents, in particular, ipratropium bromide, oxitropium bromide, tiotropium salts and CHF 4226 (Chiesi), and glycopyrrolate, but also those described in EP 424021, U.S. Pat. No. 3,714,357, U.S. Pat. No. 5,171,744, US 2005/171147. US 2005/182091, WO 01/04118, WO 02/00652, WO 02/51841, WO 02/53564, WO 03/00840, WO 03/33495, WO 03/53966, WO 03/87094, WO 04/018422, WO 04/05285 and WO 05/077361.
Suitable dual anti-inflammatory and bronchodilatory drugs include dual beta-2 adrenoceptor agonist/muscarinic antagonists such as those disclosed in US 2004/0167167, US 2004/0242622, US 2005/182092, WO 04/74246 and WO 04/74812.
Suitable antihistamine drug substances include cetirizine hydrochloride, acetaminophen, clemastine fumarate, promethazine, loratidine, desloratidine, diphenhydramine and fexofenadine hydrochloride, activastine, astemizole, azelastine, ebastine, epinastine, mizolastine and tefenadine, as well as those disclosed in JP 2004107299, WO 03/099807 and WO 04/026841.
Other useful combinations of agents of the invention with anti-inflammatory drugs are those with antagonists of chemokine receptors, e.g., CCR-1, CCR-2, CCR-3, CCR-4, CCR-5, CCR-6, CCR-7, CCR-8, CCR-9 and CCR10, CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3, CXCR4, CXCR5, particularly CCR-5 antagonists, such as Schering-Plough antagonists SC-351125, SCH-55700 and SCH-D, Takeda antagonists, such as N-[[4-[[[6,7-dihydro-2-(4-methylphenyl)-5H-benzo-cyclohepten-8-yl]carbonyl]amino]phenyl]-methyl]tetrahydro-N,N-dimethyl-2H-pyran-4-amin-ium chloride (TAK-770), and CCR-5 antagonists described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,166,037 (particularly claims 18 and 19), WO 00/66558 (particularly claim 8), WO 00/66559 (particularly claim 9), WO 04/018425 and WO 04/026873.
In accordance with the foregoing, the invention also provides a method for the treatment of a condition responsive to activation of the adenosine A2A receptor, e.g., an inflammatory or allergic condition, particularly an inflammatory or obstructive airways disease, which comprises administering to a subject, particularly a human subject, in need thereof a compound of formula (I) in free form or in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. In another aspect the invention provides a compound of formula (I), in free form or in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, for use in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a condition responsive to activation of the adenosine A2A receptor, particularly an inflammatory or obstructive airways disease.
The agents of the invention may be administered by any appropriate route, e.g., orally, e.g., in the form of a tablet or capsule; parenterally, e.g., intravenously; by inhalation, e.g., in the treatment of inflammatory or obstructive airways disease; intranasally, e.g., in the treatment of allergic rhinitis; topically to the skin, e.g., in the treatment of atopic dermatitis; or rectally, e.g., in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
In a further aspect, the invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compounds of formula (I) in free form or in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, optionally together with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier therefor. The composition may contain a co-therapeutic agent, such as an anti-inflammatory, broncho-dilatory, antihistamine or anti-tussive drug as hereinbefore described. Such compositions may be prepared using conventional diluents or excipients and techniques known in the galenic art. Thus oral dosage forms may include tablets and capsules. Formulations for topical administration may take the form of creams, ointments, gels or transdermal delivery systems, e.g., patches. Compositions for inhalation may comprise aerosol or other atomizable formulations or dry powder formulations.
When the composition comprises an aerosol formulation, it preferably contains, e.g., a hydro-fluoro-alkane (HFA) propellant such as HFA134a or HFA227 or a mixture of these, and may contain one or more co-solvents known in the art, such as ethanol (up to 20% by weight), and/or one or more surfactants, such as oleic acid or sorbitan trioleate, and/or one or more bulking agents, such as lactose. When the composition comprises a dry powder formulation, it preferably contains, e.g., the compounds of formula (I) having a particle diameter up to 10 microns, optionally together with a diluent or carrier, such as lactose, of the desired particle size distribution and a compound that helps to protect against product performance deterioration due to moisture, e.g., magnesium stearate. When the composition comprises a nebulised formulation, it preferably contains, e.g., the compound of formula (I) either dissolved, or suspended, in a vehicle containing water, a co-solvent, such as ethanol or propylene glycol and a stabilizer, which may be a surfactant.
The invention includes:
Dosages of compounds of formula (I) employed in practicing the present invention will of course vary depending, e.g., on the particular condition to be treated, the effect desired and the mode of administration. In general, suitable daily dosages for administration by inhalation are of the order of 0.005-10 mg, while for oral administration suitable daily doses are of the order of 0.05-100 mg.
The invention is illustrated by the following Examples.
Compounds of formula I
are shown in the following table. Methods for preparing such compounds are described hereinafter.
This compound is prepared by the procedure of R. M. Schelkun et al., Bioorg Med Chem Lett, Vol. 9, p p. 2447-2452 (1999).
3-Hydroxybenzylamine (200 mg, 1.62 mmol) and sodium hydrogen carbonate (273 mg, 3.25 mmol) suspended in water/DCM (4 mL, 1:1) is treated with phenyl chloroformate (0.204 mL, 1.62 mmol). After stirring at RT overnight, the reaction mixture is diluted with more DCM/water and the organic phase is separated. The organic portion is concentrated in vacuo to afford the titled compound. (MH+244)
Phenyl chloroformate (0.733 mL, 5.84 mmol) is suspended in pyridine/DCM (3 mL, 2:1). The solution is stirred at 0° C., and 3-aminopyridine (500 mg, 5.31 mmol) dissolved in DCM (1 mL) is added dropwise. The reaction mixture is at 0° C. for 1 hour. The solvent is removed in vacuo and the residue is dissolved in ethyl acetate. This organic portion is washed with 0.1 M HCl and then concentrated in vacuo to afford the titled compound. (MH+215)
Intermediates BC and BD
These compounds namely,
The following intermediates of formula (C)
are shown below in Table 1a, the methods of preparation being described hereinafter.
A mixture comprising acetic acid (2R,3R,4R,5S)-4-acetoxy-2-(2,6-dichloro-purin-9-yl)-5-(3-ethyl-isoxazol-5-yl)-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl ester (WO 99/38877) (1 g, 2.13 mmol), (S)-2-amino-3-phenyl-propan-1-ol (0.321 g, 2.13 mmol) and DIPEA (0.275 g, 2.13 mmol) in DCE (5 mL) is stirred under an inert atmosphere of argon overnight. After cooling to room temperature (RT), 1 M HCl is added, the organic portion is separated and concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound which is used in the next step without further purification. (MH+585.1)
A solution of acetic acid (2R,3R,4R,5S)-4-acetoxy-2-[6-((S)-1-benzyl-2-hydroxy-ethyl amino)-2-chloro-purin-9-yl]-5-(3-ethyl-isoxazol-5-yl)tetrahydro-furan-3-yl ester hydrochloride (Step AC1) (1.194 g, 2.02 mmol) in MeOH/chloroform (4 at, 3:1 MeOH/chloroform) is treated with saturated potassium carbonate solution (10 mL). After stirring at RT overnight, the reaction mixture is diluted with DCM/water and the organic portion is separated. The organic portion is concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound. (MH+501)
These intermediates namely,
The title compound is prepared analogously to acetic acid (2R,3R,4R,5S)-4-acetoxy-2-[6-((S)-1-benzyl-2-hydroxy-ethyl amino)-2-chloro-purin-9-yl]5-(3-ethyl-isoxazol-5-yl)-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl ester hydrochloride (Step CA1) by replacing acetic acid (2R,3R,4R,5S)-4-acetoxy-2-(2,6-dichloro-purin-9-yl)-5-(3-ethyl-isoxazol-5-yl)-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl ester (WO 99/38877) with acetic acid (2R,3R,4R,5R)-4-acetoxy-2-(2,6-dichloro-purin-9-yl)-5-(2-ethyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl ester (WO 98/28319).
The title compound is prepared from acetic acid (2R,3R,4R,5R)-4-acetoxy-2-[6-((S)-1-benzyl-2-hydroxy-ethylamino)-2-chloro-purin-9-yl]-5-(2-ethyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl ester (Step CD1) analogously to (2R,3R,4S,5S)-2-[6-((S)-1-benzyl-2-hydroxy-ethylamino-2-chloro-purin-9-yl]-5-(3-ethyl-isoxazol-5-yl)-tetrahydro-furan-3,4-diol (Step CA 2).
These intermediates namely,
A mixture containing acetic acid (2R,3R,4R,5S)-4-acetoxy-5-(3-acetoxymethyl-isoxazol-5-yl)-2-(2,6-dichloro-purin-9-yl)-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl ester (WO 99/38877), 2,2-diphenylethylamine and DIPEA in DCE is stirred under an inert atmosphere of argon at 50° C. overnight. After cooling to RT, 0.1 M HCl is added, the organic portion separated and concentrated in vacuo to afford the titled compound which is used in the next step without further purification.
A solution of acetic acid (2R,3R,4S,5S)-4-acetoxy-5-(3-acetoxymethyl-isoxazol-5-yl)-2-[2-chloro-6-(2,2-diphenyl-ethylamino)-purin-9-yl]-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl ester (Step CG1) in MeOH/chloroform (3:1 MeOH/chloroform) is treated with saturated potassium carbonate solution. After stirring at RT overnight, the reaction is diluted with DCM/water and the organic portion is separated. The organic portion is concentrated in vacuo to afford the titled compound.
The title compound is prepared from acetic acid (2R,3R,4R,5S)-4-acetoxy-5-(3-acetoxymethyl-isoxazol-5-yl)-2-(2,6-dichloro-purin-9-yl)-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl ester (WO 99/38877) analogously to (2R,3R,4S,5S)-2-[2-chloro-6-(2,2-diphenyl-ethylamino)-purin-9-yl]-5-(3-hydroxymethyl-isoxazol-5-yl)-tetrahydro-furan-3,4-diol (Intermediate CG) by replacing 2,2-diphenylethylamine with 4,4′-(2-aminoethylidene)bisphenol (Intermediate A).
The title compound is prepared from acetic acid (2R,3R,4R,5S)-4-acetoxy-5-(3-acetoxymethyl-isoxazol-5-yl)-2-(2,6-dichloro-purin-9-yl)-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl ester (WO 99/38877) analogously to (2R,3R,4S,5S)-2-[2-chloro-6-(2,2-diphenyl-ethylamino)-purin-9-yl]-5-(3-hydroxymethyl-isoxazol-5-yl)-tetrahydro-furan-3,4-diol (Intermediate CG) by replacing 2,2-diphenylethylamine with (S)-2-amino-3-phenyl-propan-1-ol.
The title compound is prepared in an analogous fashion to (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2-(2-benzyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-5-[2-chloro-6-(2,2-diphenylethylamino)-purin-9-yl]-tetrahydro-furan-3,4-diol (WO 99/38877) by replacing 2,2-diphenylethylamine with (S)-2-amino-3-phenyl-propan-1-ol
The title compound is prepared in an analogous fashion to (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2-(2-benzyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-5-[2-chloro-6-(2,2-diphenyl-ethylamino)-purin-9-yl]-tetrahydro-furan-3,4-diol (WO 99/38877) by replacing 2,2-diphenylethylamine with 4,4′-(2-aminoethylidene)bis-phenol (Intermediate A).
(2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-[2-Chloro-6-(2,2-diphenyl-ethylamino)-purin-9-yl]-5-(2-ethyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-tetrahydro-furan-3,4-diol (Intermediate CF) (1 g, 1.82 mmol), (3R)-3-(BOC-amino)pyrrolidine (1.02 g, 5.47 mmol) and sodium iodide (273 mg, 1.82 mmol) are dissolved in acetonitrile (10 mL) and NMP (0.5 mL). The reaction mixture is heated using microwave radiation at 160° C. for 30 minutes in the Personal Chemistry Emrys™ Optimizer microwave reactor. The reaction mixture is concentrated in vacuo and purified by C-18 reverse phase column chromatography eluting with acetonitrile:water (0.1% TFA) (gradient 0-100% acetonitrile) to afford the titled compound.
(2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-[6-(2,2-Diphenyl-ethylamino-2-((F-3-BOC-amino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-purin-9-yl]-5-(2-ethyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-tetrahydro-furan-3,4-diol (Step AA1) is dissolved in DCM and TFA and stirred at RT overnight. The reaction mixture is concentrated in vacuo to afford the titled compound.
(2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-[2-((R)-3-Amino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-(2,2-diphenyl-ethylamino)-purin-9-yl]-5-(2-ethyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl-tetrahydro-furan-3,4-diol trifluoroacetate and (3-hydroxy-benzyl)-carbamic acid phenyl ester (Intermediate BA) are dissolved in methanol and TEA. The reaction mixture is heated using microwave radiation at 100° C. for 30 minutes in the Personal Chemistry Emrys™ Optimizer microwave reactor. The reaction mixture is concentrated in vacuo and purified by C-18 reverse phase column chromatography eluting with acetonitrile:water (0.1% TFA) (gradient 0-100% acetonitrile) to afford the titled compound.
These are prepared analogously to Example 1 by combining the appropriate starting compound from Table 1a (Intermediates CA-CI) with the appropriate phenyl esters (Intermediates BA-BD).
This compound is prepared from (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2-(2-benzyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-5-[2-chloro-6-(2,2-diphenyl-ethylamino)-purin-9-yl]-tetrahydro-furan-3,4-diol (WO 99/38877) and pyridin-3-yl-carbamic acid phenyl ester (Intermediate BB) analogously to Example 1.
A solution of 1-{(R)-1-[9-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-5-(2-Benzyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-3,4-dihydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl]-6-(2,2-diphenyl-ethylamino)-9H-purin-2-yl]-pyrrolidin-3-yl}-3-pyridin-3-yl-urea in EtOH under an inert atmosphere of argon is treated with 10% palladium on carbon followed by ammonium formate. The reaction mixture is heated to 50° C. for 4 hours and then filtered through Celite®. The filtrate is concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound.
A solution of 1-{(R)-1-[9-[(2R,3R,4S R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl]-6-(2,2-diphenyl-ethylamino)-9H-purin-2-yl]-pyrrolidin-3-yl}-3-pyridin-3-yl-urea in DMF is treated with potassium carbonate followed by 3-bromoethanol and stirred at RT for 18 hours. The mixture is then filtered and the filtrate is concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the crude product by C-18 reverse phase column chromatography eluting with acetonitrile:water (0.1% TFA) (gradient 0-100% acetonitrile) to affords the titled compound.
These compounds are prepared analogously to Example 37 by replacing pyridin-3-yl-carbamic acid phenyl ester (Intermediate BB) with Intermediates BA, BD and BC, respectively.
These examples are prepared analogously to Examples 37-40 by replacing (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2-(2-benzyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-5-[2-chloro-6-(2,2-diphenyl-ethylamino)-purin-9-yl]-tetrahydro-furan-3,4-diol (WO 99/38877) with (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-[6-((S)-1-Benzyl-2-hydroxy-ethylamino)-2-chloro-purin-9-yl]-5-(2-benzyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-tetrahydro-furan-3,4-diol (Intermediate CJ).
These examples are prepared analogously to Examples 37-40 by replacing (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2-(2-benzyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-5-[2-chloro-6-(2,2-diphenylethylamino)-purin-9-yl]-tetrahydro-furan-3,4-diol (WO 99/38877) with (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2-(2-Benzyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-5-{6-[2,2-bis-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)ethylamino]-2-chloro-purin-9-yl}-tetrahydro-furan-3,4-diol (Intermediate CK)
Compounds of formula (I)
are shown in the following table. Methods for preparing such compounds are described hereinafter. The table also shows mass spectrometry, MH+ {ESMS), data. The Examples are trifluoroacetate salts.
Step a: (1S,4R)-4-(2,6-Dichloro-purin-9-yl)-cyclopent-2 enol
2,6-Dichloropurine (10 g, 52.90 mmol), (1S,4R)-cis-4-acetoxy-2-cyclopenten-1-ol (10 g, 70.40 mmol), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (3.20 g, 3.50 mmol) and polymer supported triphenylphosphine (3 mmol/g, 11.60 g, 35.00 mmol) are placed in an oven-dried flask under an atmosphere of argon. Dry deoxygenated THF (80 mL) is added and the reaction mixture is stirred gently for 5 minutes. Triethylamine (20 mL) is added and the reaction mixture is stirred at 50° C. The reaction is shown to be complete by LCMS after 1 hour. The reaction mixture is allowed to cool, filtered and the solvent is removed in vacuo. The title compound is obtained after purification by flash column chromatography (silica, dichloromethane/methanol 25:1).
1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz); 8.30 (s, 1H), 6.40 (m, 1H), 5.90 (m, 1H), 5.50 (m, 1H), 4.95 (m, 1H), 3.05 (m, 1H), 2.10 (m, 1H). (MH+) [MH+271]
(1S,4R)-4-(2,6-Dichloro-purin-9-yl)-cyclopent-2-enol [step 1](9.5 g, 35.05 mmol) is placed in an oven-dried flask under an atmosphere of argon. Dry THF (200 mL) is added followed by dry pyridine (5.54 g, 70.1 mmol). Ethyl chloroformate (15.21 g, 140.2 mmol) is added slowly so that the temperature does not rise above 40° C. and the reaction mixture is stirred at RT. The reaction is shown to be complete by LCMS after 2 hours. The solvent is removed in vacuo and the residue is partitioned between dichloromethane (200 mL) and water (200 mL). The organic layer is washed with water (150 mL) and brine (150 mL), dried over MgSO4, filtered and the solvent is removed in vacuo. The title compound is obtained after crystallization from methanol.
1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz); 8.20 (s, 1H), 6.45 (m, 1H), 6.25 (m, 1H), 5.75 (m, 1H), 5.70 (m, 1H), 4.25 (q, 2H), 3.20 (m, 1H), 2.05 (m, 1H), 1.35 (t, 3H). [MH+343]
A cooled (0° C.) solution of benzyl carbamate (4.0 g, 27 mmol) in THF (100 mL) under an inert atmosphere of argon is treated with potassium iodide (3.2 g of a 35% w/w dispersion in oil, 28 mmol) portionwise over 10 minutes. The reaction mixture is allowed to warm to RT over 30 minutes after which time benzyl chloroformate (5.0 g, 29 mmol) is added. After stirring at RT for 2 hours, the reaction is quenched with water (20 mL). The THF is removed in vacuo and the resulting mixture is partitioned between EtOAc and 2 M HCl. The organic portion is separated and washed with brine, dried (MgSO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting oil is purified by chromatography on silica eluting with 1:3 EtOAc/iso-hexane to yield a product which is recrystallized from DCM/iso-hexane to afford the title product.
A solution comprising carbonic acid (1S,4R)-4-(2,6-dichloro-purin-9-yl)-cyclopent-2-enyl ester ethyl ester (Intermediate 1) (2.0 g, 5.83 mmol), Intermediate 2a (2.2 g, 7.58 mmol) and triphenyl phosphine (229 mg, 0.9 mmol) in THF (20 mL) is stirred at RT for 30 minutes. Tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (0) (238 mg, 0.3 mmol) is added and the resulting mixture is stirred at RT for 1.5 hours. The solvent is removed in vacuo and the crude product is purified by chromatography on silica eluting with MeOH/DCM (gradient of 0-1% MeOH) to yield the title compound.
A solution comprising Intermediate 2b (0.68 g, 1.26 mmol), 1-amino-2,2-diphenylethane (0.37 g, 1.90 mmol) and TEA (190 mg, 1.90 mmol) in THF (10 mL) is stirred at 50° C. for 2 hours. The solvent is removed in vacuo the resulting oil/solid is partitioned between EtOAc and 0.2 M HCl. The organic portion is separated and washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, water, brine, dried (MgSO4) and concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound. [MH+699.37]
A solution comprising Intermediate 2c (2.0 g, 2.86 mmol) and NMO (0.67 g, 5.7 mmol) in THF (20 mL) is treated with osmium tetroxide (2 mL of a 4% solution in water) and stirred at RT overnight. The solvent is removed in vacuo and the crude residue is partitioned between DCM and water. The organic portion is separated, washed with water, brine, dried (MgSO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting solid is titurated with MeCN to afford the title product [MH+733.40]
A suspension of Intermediate 2d (1.03 g, 1.4 mmol) and (3R)-(+)-3-(Boc-amino)pyrrolidine (1.03 g, 5.5 mmol) in acetonitrile (2 mL) is treated with sodium iodide (ca. 2 mg) and then heated using microwave radiation at 160° C. After 1 hour, the solvent is removed in vacuo and the crude residue is partitioned between DCM and 0.2 M HCl. The organic layer is separated and the aqueous portion is extracted with DCM. The combined organic extracts are washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, water, brine, dried (MgSO4) and concentrated in vacuo to afford the title compound as a brown oil. [MH+745]
A solution of {(R)-1-[9-((1R,2S,3R,4S)-4-benzyloxycarbonylamino-2,3-dihydroxy-cyclopentyl-6-(2,2-diphenyl-ethylamino)-9H-purin-2-yl]-pyrrolidin-3-yl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (1.24 g, 1.7 mmol) in MeOH (3 mL) is treated with 4 M HCl in dioxane (5 mL) and stirred at RT for 2 hours. The solvent is removed in vacuo and purification is carried out by reverse phase column chromatography (Isolute™ C18, 0-100% acetonitrile in water-0.1% HCl). The fractions are collected and the MeCN is removed in vacuo. The remaining aqueous portion is basified with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and extracted with DCM. The combined organic extracted are dried (MgSO4) and concentrated in vacuo to afford the title product. [MH+=649]
A mixture comprising carbonic acid (1S,4R)-4-(2,6-dichloro-purin-9-yl)-cyclopent-2-enyl ester ethyl ester (Intermediate 1) (1.00 g, 2.92 mmol), (1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-methanol (preparation shown below) (0.34 g, 3.50 mmol) and triphenyl phosphine (0.115 g, 0.44 mmol) in deoxygenated THF (10 mL) under an inert atmosphere of argon is treated with tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (0) (0.13 g, 0.15 mmol) and stirred at 50° C. for 1 hour. The solvent is removed in vacuo and the crude product is purified by chromatography on silica eluting with MeOH/DCM (1:25) to yield the title compound.
4-Ethylpyrazole carboxylate (10 g, 71.40 mmol) is placed in an oven-dried flask under an atmosphere of argon. Dry THF (100 mL) is added followed by the dropwise addition of lithium aluminium hydride (1 M in THF, 100 mL, 100 mmol). Once the addition is complete the reaction mixture is stirred at 50° C. The reaction is shown to be complete by NMR after 4 hours. The reaction mixture is cooled on an ice-bath and the reaction mixture is quenched with water (3.8 mL) then 15% sodium hydroxide (3.8 mL) and finally water again (11.4 mL). The solvent is removed in vacuo and the solid is placed in a Soxhlet apparatus. THF is refluxed through the system for 24 hours. The solvent is removed in vacuo to give the title compound.
1H NMR (MeOD, 400 MHz); 7.60 (s, 2H), 4.55 (s, 2H).
A mixture comprising {1-[(1S,4R)-4-(2,6-dichloro purin-9-yl)-cyclopent-2-enyl]-1H-pyrazol-4-yl}-methanol (0.675 g, 1.92 mmol), diphenylethylamine (0.398 g, 2.02 mmol) and DIPEA (0.298 g, 2.31 mmol) in dry THF (20 mL) is stirred at 35 C for 3 days. The solvent is removed in vacuo and the resulting crude residue is partitioned between DCM and 0.1 M HCl. The organic portion is separated, washed with water, brine, dried (MgSO4) and concentrated in vacuo to afford the title product.
(1-{(1S,4R)-4-[2-Chloro-6-(2,2-diphenyl-ethylamino)-purin-9-yl]cyclopent-2-enyl}-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-methanol (0.84 g, 1.64 mmol) and NMO (0.39 g, 3.28 mmol) in THF (20 mL) is treated with osmium tetroxide (2 mL of a 4% solution in water) and stirred at RT overnight. The solvent is removed in vacuo and the resulting crude residue is partitioned between DCM and 0.1 M HCl (a small amount of MeOH added to improve solubility). The organic portion is dried (MgSO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product is dissolved in hot DCM to form the title product as a precipitate on cooling.
The intermediates shown in the Table 1 are prepared analogously to Intermediate 3 by using the appropriate 5-membered heterocylic alcohol in Step 3a and by using the appropriate amine in Step 3c.
To a vigorously stirred solution of 3-aminobenzenesulphonamide (1 g, 5.8 mmol) in dry 1,4-dioxane (25 mL) is added trichloromethyl chloroformate (1.72 g, 8.7 mmol) and the reaction mixture is heated to reflux for 3 hours. The solvent is removed in vacuo to yield the title compound which is used without further purification.
This compound is prepared from 4-aminobenzenesulphonamide using a procedure analogous to that of 3-isocyanato-benzenesulfonamide (Intermediate 5) by replacing 3-aminobenzenesulphonamide with 4-aminobenzenesulphonamide.
These compounds namely,
A solution comprising {(1S,2R,3S,4R)-4-[2-((R)-3-amino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-(2,2-diphenyl-ethylamino)-purin-9-yl]-2,3-dihydroxy-cyclopentyl}-carbamic acid benzyl ester (Intermediate 2) (0.1 g, 0.15 mmol), pyridine-3-isocyanate (0.02 g, 0.17 mmol) and TEA (0.017 g, 0.17 mmol) in THF (2 mL) is stirred at RT overnight. The solvent is removed in vacuo and purification is carried out by reverse phase column chromatography (Isolute™ C18, 0-100% acetonitrile in water-0.1% TFA). The fractions are collected and the MeCN is removed in vacuo. The remaining aqueous portion is basified with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and extracted with DCM. The combined organic extracted are dried (MgSO4) and concentrated in vacuo to afford the title product. [MH+769]
To a solution of ((1S,2R,3S,4R)-4-{6-(2,2-diphenyl-ethylamino)-2-[(R)-3-(3-pyridin-3-yl-ureido}pyrrolidin-1-yl]-purin-9-yl-2,3-dihydroxy-cyclopentyl)-carbamic acid benzyl ester trifluoroacetate (35 mg, 46 μmol) in ethanol (1 mL) under an inert atmosphere of argon is added 10% palladium on carbon (10 mg). The reaction mixture is purged with argon and placed under a positive atmosphere of hydrogen overnight after which time, the mixture is filtered through celite and the catalyst washed with ethanol. The organic portions are combined and concentrated in vacuo to yield the title compound. [MH+635]
To a solution of 1-{(R)-1-[9-((1R,2S,3R,4S)-4-amino-2,3-dihydroxy-cyclopentyl)-6-(2,2-diphenyl-ethylamino)-9H-purin-2-yl]-pyrrolidin-3-yl}-3-pyridin-3-yl-urea (17 mg, 26 μmol) in THF (1 mL) is added Z-L-alanine hydroxysuccinimidyl ester (9 mg, 29 μmol) and the reaction mixture is stirred at RT overnight. The solvent is removed in vacuo and the crude residue is dissolved in EtOH (1 mL) and purged with argon. Palladium on carbon (approximately 5 mg) is added and the reaction mixture is placed under a constant pressure of hydrogen (0.35 bar) and stirred at room temperature overnight. The resulting mixture is filtered through celite and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the crude residue by reverse phase column chromatography (Isolute™ C18, 0-100% acetonitrile in water-0.1% HCl) affords the title compound. [MH+732.72].
This compound is prepared analogously to Example 1 by replacing Z-L-alanine hydroxysuccinimidyl ester (Step 3) with Z-glycine-N-succinimidyl ester. Purification is carried out by reverse phase column chromatography (Isolute™ C18, 0-100% acetonitrile in water-0.1% TFA). [MH+718.68].
These examples can be prepared analogously to Example 1 by using the appropriate starting compound (either Intermediate 2, 7 or 8) and isocyanate in Step 1 and by using the appropriate succinimidyl ester in Step 3.
Those examples containing 3-hydroxybenzyl groups are prepared as follows: (3-hydroxy-benzyl)-carbamic acid phenyl ester (Intermediate BA) and (Intermediate 2, 7 or 8) are dissolved in MeOH and TEA. The reaction mixture is heated using microwave radiation at 100° C. for 30 minutes and then the solvent is removed in vacuo. Purification of the crude product by reverse phase column chromatography (Isolute™ C18, 0-100% acetonitrile in water-0.1% TFA) affords the product which is taken through Steps 2 and 3 (using the appropriate succinimidyl ester) to afford the final compound.
These compounds are prepared analogously to Example 1 by combining the appropriate starting compound (Intermediates 3 or 4a-4-h) with the appropriate phenyl esters (Intermediates BA-BD).
(2-Chloro-9H-purin-6-yl)-(2,2-diphenyl-ethyl)-amine (2.5 g) is added to Boc(R)-3-aminopyrrolidine (2.677 g). This is suspended in acetonitrile (10 mL) and put to microwave at 160° C. Analysis by LCMS shows reaction to be complete after 30 minutes. The reaction mixture is then suspended in acetonitrile and filtered. The resulting precipitate is then dried to give the title compound. MS (ES+) m/e 498 (MH+)
{(R)-1-[6-(2,2-Diphenyl-ethylamino)-9H-purin-2-yl]-pyrrolidin-3-yl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (2.5 g) is suspended in THF (15 mL) under an inert atmosphere and oven dried glassware. Sodium hydride (130 mg) is added to the stirring suspension. This is stirred until dissolution has occurred. (1S,4R)-cis-4-Acetoxy-2-cyclopentan-1-ol (865 mg) and triphenylphosphine (236 mg) are placed in an oven-dried flask under an inert atmosphere, this is dissolved in THF (15 mL). This solution is added to the solution of {(R)-1-[6-(2,2-diphenyl-ethylamino)-9H-purin-2-yl]-pyrrolidin-3-yl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester and sodium hydride via syringe, tris-Dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (275 mg) is then added and the reaction is stirred at 50° C. The reaction is shown to be complete after 1 hour by LCMS. The reaction is allowed to cool and the solvent is removed in vacuo. The residue is purified by flash column chromatography (silica, dichloromethane/methanol 25:1), giving the title compound. MS (ES+) m/e 582.62 (MH+)
{(R)-1-[6-(2,2-Diphenyl-ethylamino)-9-((1R,4S)-4-hydroxy-cyclopent-2-enyl)-9H-purin-2-yl]-pyrrolidin-3-yl}carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (500 mg) is dissolved in dry deoxygenated THF (10 mL). Pyridine (416 μL) is added to the solution. Ethyl chloroformate (492 μL) is pre-dissolved in THF (2.5 mL) and added dropwise to the solution at 0° C. The reaction is stirred at RT. Analysis by LCMS shows reaction completion after 2 hours. The solvent is removed in vacuo. The residue is dissolved in dichloromethane (10 mL) and portioned against 0.1 M HCl (10 mL). The organic layer is then washed with water (20 mL) and brine (10 mL), dried over MgSO4, filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo. The title compound is obtained after purification by flash column chromatography (silica, dichloromethane/methanol 40:1).
MS (ES+) m/e 655.46 (MH+).
Carbonic acid (1S,4R)-4-[2-((R)-3-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-(2,2-diphenyl-ethylamino)-purin-9-yl]-cyclopent-2-enyl ester ethyl ester (760 mg) is added to ethyl tetrazole (125 mg) and triphenylphosphine (46 mg) in an oven-dried flask under argon. This is dissolved in anhydrous THF (10 mL). tris-(Dibenzylideneacetone)-dipalladium (53 mg) is added to the stirring solution. The reaction is stirred at 50° C. Analysis by LCMS shows reaction completion after 1 hour. The solvent is removed in vacuo. The title compound is obtained by flash column chromatography (silica, dichloromethane/methanol 50:1). MS (ES+) m/e 662.4 (MH+).
((R)-1-{6-(2,2-Diphenyl-ethylamino)-9-[(1R,4S)-4-(5-ethyl-tetrazol-2-yl)-cyclopent-2-enyl]-9H-purin-2-yl}-pyrrolidin-3-yl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (500 mg) along with N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (178 mg) is dissolved in THF (5 mL). Osmium tetroxide 4% in water (500 μL) is added to the stirring solution. The reaction is stirred at RT. Analysis by LCMS showed reaction completion after 72 hours. The solvent is removed in vacuo and the residue is portioned between dichloromethane and 0.1 M HCl. The organic layer is washed with water and brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered and the solvent is removed in vacuo. The title compound is obtained by Flash column chromatography (silica, dichloromethane/methanol 100:1-50:1-25:1). MS (ES+) m/e 696.43 (MH+)
((R)-1-{6-(2,2-Diphenylethylamino)-9-[(1R,4S)-4-(5-ethyl-tetrazol-2-yl)-2,3-dihydroxy-cyclopentyl]-9H-purin-2-yl}-pyrrolidin-3-yl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester is deprotected in methanolic HCl to give the corresponding amine hydrochloride salt. The free amine is obtained by neutralization with aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate followed by elution from a C18 column with water/methanol gradient. The title compound is then prepared in an analogous manner to Example C1, Step 1 by replacing {(1S,2R,3S,4R)-4-[2-((R)-3-amino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6-(2,2-diphenyl-ethylamino)-purin-9-yl]-2,3-dihydroxy-cyclopentyl}-carbamic acid benzyl ester with the above free amine and replacing pyridine-3-isocyanate with Intermediate 5.
Examples of the structure XYZ are prepared in a multiparallel sequence of reactions as described below.
Overall Scheme:
Parallel Step 1
Reaction of Intermediate 1, in an analogous manner to that used in the preparation of Intermediate 3, Step a by replacing 4-hydroxymethylpyrazole with the appropriate heterocycle, individually, with the heterocycles X—H gives the Intermediates X.
Heterocycles X—H
Heterocycles X—H are prepared as follows:
Reaction of Intermediates X, individually, with either the dihydroxylating agent osmium tetroxide or ruthenium tetroxide gives the Intermediates XA.
Parallel Step 3
Reaction of Intermediates XA, in an analogous manner to that used in the preparation of Intermediate 3 Step b by replacing 2,2-diphenyethylamine with the appropriate amine, individually with the amines Y—H gives the Intermediates XY.
Amines Y—H
Parallel Step 4
Intermediates XY are reacted in ethanol at reflux, or in DMSO at 90-110° C., for 18-24 hours, individually, with a 3-fold excess of the appropriate Intermediate Z. The Examples XYZ are isolated following purification by mass directed reversed phase chromatography.
Where Z=
For the Examples XYZ, where X═X2 a further hydrogenolysis of the aryl chlorides, individually, by transfer hydrogenation using ammonium formate with a palladium on carbon catalyst in ethanol gives a further series of Examples W.
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