Patent Grant
11588913
Social media applications, such as chat applications, executing on mobile electronic devices often provide for push notifications indicating occurrence of new social media events relevant to the application. For example, in a chat application, push notifications may be generated with respect to chat events in a group chat. These push notifications often take the form of a user interface element displayed on a screen of the electronic device, such as a banner alert displayed on a lock screen of a mobile phone.
Many such applications provide for production of alerts generated by the user device associated with new push notifications. Such push notification alerts often take the form of an audible indication (such as a ping), a tactile indication (such as a phone vibration or buzz), and/or a visual indication separate from the push notification itself (such as an LED flash).
Some aspects of the disclosure are illustrated in the appended drawings. Note that the appended drawings illustrate example embodiments of the present disclosure and cannot be considered as limiting the scope of the disclosure.
The headings provided herein are merely for convenience and do not necessarily affect the scope or meaning of the terms used.
One aspect of the disclosure provides for automated management of push notification alerts on a mobile electronic device. In some embodiments, push notification alerts for a chat application executing on the mobile electronic device are managed such that push notification alerts are suppressed for at least some chat events.
With suppression of a push notification alert is meant that a push notification is generated without generating a corresponding push notification alert, wherein non-generation of the push notification alert is based on predefined criteria using dynamically changing conditions or variables, so that a push notification alert can in different circumstances be generated for a push notification triggered by an identical event. Although the description that follows, including the example embodiments, describe the suppression of push notification alerts without dynamically limiting or suppressing the generation of push notifications, other embodiments may provide instead or in addition for dynamic limiting of push notifications themselves (e.g., to the display of banner alerts on a mobile phone lock screen), in which case the disclosed alert limiting/suppression techniques are to be understood as applying mutatis mutandis to the limiting/suppression of push notifications.
The disclosure thus in some embodiments provide for a method of or a system configured to:
provide a push notification service on a user device hosting a social media application, the push notification mechanism being configured to automatically generate respective push notification alerts in response to receiving, while the user device is in an inactive mode, notification of social media events pertaining to the social media application, each push notification alert comprising an audible, a tactile, and/or light flash indication generated by the user device; and an alert limiting mechanism configured to dynamically limit push notification alerts based on predefined alert suppression criteria, such that respective push notification alerts are suppressed for at least some of the social media events.
With an inactive mode of the user device is meant a mode of the device in which there is no active engagement between a user and an application or native functionality of the user device. In some embodiments, a display screen of the user device in the inactive mode displays either a lock screen or is switched off. In some embodiments, triggering of a push notification when the screen is off causes display of the push notification on the lock screen.
In some embodiments, the social media application is a chat application enabling communication of chat messages with different users and/or chat groups, the social media events being chat events. The term chat application includes not only applications that provide exclusively chat functionality, but also includes applications that provide chat functionality in addition to one or more other functionalities, e.g., allowing users to post status updates and messages to a social media platform for consumption by a friend network. In this context, chat notification alerts typically comprise an audible or vibrational indication that a new chat event has occurred. Such chat events may include one or more of the following:
In one embodiment, a time-based limitation is imposed on push notification alerts. In such instances, an initial chat event (also referred to herein as a suppression trigger event) triggers a push notification alert and initiates an alert suppression timer that causes suppression of further push notification alerts for at least some subsequent chat events within a predetermined suppression period. In one example embodiment, a suppression period of 20 minutes is automatically triggered by the suppression trigger event.
In some embodiments, a single suppression period is applicable at any particular time, and suppresses alerts for subsequent push notifications in a manner agnostic to the particular persons, chat groups, or new content types to which the subsequent push notifications pertain, so that no more than a single push notification alert is executed by the mobile electronic device within, e.g., the 20 minute suppression period. It will be appreciated that different embodiments may employ different suppression periods or intervals
In other embodiments, a particular suppression period may be person-, group-, or content type-specific. In some such embodiments, a plurality of different suppression periods may be maintained simultaneously. A number of different example embodiments for limiting push notification alerts will be described later herein with reference to
Another aspect of the disclosure provides for a method, system, and mobile electronic device that implements push notification batching. Current chat applications typically generate a separate push notification for each chat event in chat applications executing on mobile electronic devices. Such push notifications typically comprise a push notification banner displayed on a screen of a mobile electronic device, for example being displayed on a lock screen when the mobile device is in an inactive mode. This aspect of the disclosure serves to avoid cluttering of a mobile device lock screen or notification center with multiple separate push notifications for separate chat events forming part of a common chat group.
To this end, some example embodiments provides for coalescing multiple push notifications into a common user interface element, e.g., a common banner notification.
In some embodiments, push notification batching as described herein may be performed in combination with rate limiting of push notifications and/or push notification alerts. Other embodiments provide for push notification batching in combination with conventional production of push notification alerts. Yet further embodiments provide for limiting of push notifications and/or push notification alerts, as described herein, without implementing push notification batching.
It will thus be seen that a benefit of the discussed example embodiments is to reduce the volume or rate of push notification alerts for chat applications on a mobile electronic device, thus reducing the invasiveness of such alerts and improving functioning of the device. In existing chat applications that employ push notification alerts (including, for example, banner alerts on a lock screen and associated buzzes, things, or LED flashes indicating the occurrence of a chat event), each such event typically triggers a corresponding push notification alert and/or banner notification on the mobile electronic device lock screen. A proliferation of such push notification, particularly in an active chat sessions, can be disruptive and invasive. The disclosed techniques for limiting push notification alerts in chat sessions thus serve to make such chat applications less invasive and reduce user irritation and disturbance.
Moreover, push notification alerts typically consume considerable power, when produced in volume. By limiting the frequency of push notification alert production, without adversely affecting the effectiveness of push notification alerts (to the contrary, improving the effectiveness of push notification alerts), the functioning of a mobile device implementing the disclosed techniques is improved by extended battery life.
The description that follows includes devices, systems, methods, techniques, instruction sequences, and computing machine program products that embody illustrative embodiments of the disclosure. In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide an understanding of various embodiments of the disclosed subject matter. It will be evident, however, to those skilled in the art, that embodiments of the disclosed subject matter may be practiced without these specific details. In general, well-known instruction instances, protocols, structures, and techniques are not necessarily shown in detail.
First, a network architecture and environment within which certain aspects of the disclosure may be implemented will be described with reference to
System Architecture and Operating Environment
The social media platform system 100 includes multiple client devices 102 (also referred to herein as user devices), each of which hosts a number of applications including a chat application 104. In some embodiments, the chat application 104 is provided by or forms part of a client-side social media application that provides at least some social media functionalities additional to the chat functionalities described herein. Each chat application 104 is communicatively coupled to other instances of the chat application 104 and a social media application server system 108 via a network 106 (e.g., the Internet).
Accordingly, each chat application 104 is able to communicate and exchange data with another chat application 104 and with the social media application server system 108 via the network 106. The data exchanged between social media client applications 104, and between a chat application 104 and the social media application server system 108, includes functions (e.g., commands to invoke functions) as well as payload data (e.g., text, audio, video, or other multimedia data).
The social media application server system 108 provides server-side functionality via the network 106 to a particular chat application 104. While certain functions of the social media platform system 100 are described herein as being performed by either a chat application 104 or by the social media application server system 108, it will be appreciated that the location of a certain functionality either within the chat application 104 or the social media application server system 108 is a design choice. For example, it may be technically preferable to initially deploy certain technology and functionality within the social media application server system 108, but to later migrate this technology and functionality to the chat application 104 where a client device 102 has a sufficient processing capacity.
The social media application server system 108 supports various services and operations that are provided to the chat application 104. Such operations include transmitting data to, receiving data from, and processing data generated by the chat application 104. This data may include message content, client device information, geolocation information, media annotation and overlays, message content persistence conditions, social network information, and live event information, as examples. Data exchanges within the social media platform system 100 are invoked and controlled through functions available via user interfaces (UIs) of the chat application 104. In particular example embodiments, the social media application server system 108 communicates to the respective chat applications 104 indications on notifications of the occurrence of chat events that may trigger push notifications, as described elsewhere herein. In some embodiments, the throttling or limiting of push notifications and/or push notification alerts is performed server-side, by the social media application server system 108. In other embodiments, the throttling or limiting of push notifications and/or push notification alerts is performed client-side, by the chat application 104. In yet further embodiments, such throttling or limiting is performed cooperatively by the chat applications 104 and a server-side Application 116 executing on the social media application server system 108.
Turning now specifically to the social media application server system 108, an Application Program Interface (API) server 110 is coupled to, and provides a programmatic interface to an application server 112. The application server 112 is communicatively coupled to a database server 118, which facilitates access to a database 120 in which is stored data associated with messages processed by the application server 112.
Dealing specifically with the API server 110, this server receives and transmits message data (e.g., commands and message payloads) between the client device 102 and the application server 112. Specifically, the API server 110 provides a set of interfaces (e.g., routines and protocols) that can be called or queried by the chat application 104 in order to invoke functionality of the application server 112. The API server 110 exposes various functions supported by the application server 112, including account registration; login functionality; the sending of messages, via the application server 112, from a particular chat application 104 to another chat application 104; the sending of media files (e.g., images or video) from a chat application 104 to the social media server application 114, and for possible access by another chat application 104; the setting of a collection of media data (e.g., a story or gallery); the retrieval of a list of friends of a user of a client device 102; the retrieval of such collections; the retrieval of messages and content; the adding and deletion of friends to a social graph; the location of friends within a social graph; the coming location or notification of the occurrence of chat events for the triggering of push notifications; and opening an application event (e.g., relating to the chat application 104).
The application server 112 hosts a number of applications and subsystems, including a social media server application 114, a server-side chat application 116 (in this example embodiment forming part of the social media server application 114), and a social network system 122. The social media server application 114 implements a number of message processing technologies and functions particularly related to the aggregation and other processing of content (e.g., textual and multimedia content) included in messages received from multiple instances of the chat application 104. Other processor and memory intensive processing of data may also be performed server-side by the social media server application 114, in view of the hardware requirements for such processing.
The social network system 122 supports various social networking functions and services and makes these functions and services available to the social media server application 114. To this end, the social network system 122 maintains and accesses an entity graph within the database 120. Examples of functions and services supported by the social network system 122 include the identification of other users of the social media platform system 100 with whom a particular user has relationships or is “following.” In particular example embodiments, the social network system 122 may additionally store information regarding the identity of users in multiple different chat groups, for example including a list of chat groups of which each user is a member. It will be appreciated that a chat group is a set of three or more users able to access and contribute to a common chat board or thread for the respective chat group. In some embodiments, messages contributed by respective users to the chat platform are ephemeral messages, each ephemeral message having a predefined limited availability period after which the message is made unavailable for viewing via the chat applications 104 of other users.
The application server 112 is communicatively coupled to a database server 118, which facilitates access to a database 120 in which is stored data associated with messages processed by the social media server application 114.
Example Mobile Device Architecture
In this example embodiment, such push notifications 307 are displayed outside of the chat application 104 (with which is meant that the push notifications 307 are displayed when a user interface of the chat application 104 is not displayed on the touchscreen 303) both when a different application is a currently displayed on the touchscreen 303 and when the device 102 is in an inactive mode (in which the touchscreen 303 is either off or displays a lock screen). In other example embodiments, push notifications 307 with respect to the chat application 104 may be surfaced on the touchscreen 303 also when a user interface for the chat application 104 is displayed on the touchscreen 303 (i.e., being the currently active application on the device 102), but in the example embodiments described below, the push notification mechanism 202 does not provide for in-app notifications.
The mobile user device further includes a speaker system 409 usable by the push notification mechanism 202 to generate an audible push notification alert by playing a particular alert tone synchronous with the display of push notifications 307 on the touchscreen 303. The device 102 further includes a vibration mechanism 413 usable by the push notification mechanism 202 to produce a tactile push notification alert in the form of a vibration or series of vibrations induced in a body of the mobile user device 102. The device 102 yet further includes a flash mechanism 417 usable by the push notification mechanism 202 to generate a visible alert signal that serves as a push notification alert produced synchronously with the display of push notifications 307 on the touchscreen 303. In this example embodiment, the flash mechanism 417 includes an LED device that additionally serves as a flashlight for a camera forming part of the user device 102. The visible push notification alert in this embodiment thus comprises a series of flashes produced by the LED device. In other embodiments, the flash mechanism 417 can employ the touchscreen 303 to produce a visible flash alert in addition to displaying a corresponding push notification 307.
In this example embodiment, the push notification mechanism 202 is configured to cause the production of a push notification alert in combination with display of a push notification 307 only when the device 102 is in the inactive mode (e.g., when a user is not currently interacting with in-app on the device 102, or when the device 102 is locked). Thus, a certain chat event may trigger display of a push notification 307 together with the generation of a push notification alert (e.g., a ping, flash, and/or buzz) if notification of the chat event is received from the application server 112 while the device 102 is in the inactive mode, while the same chat event (disregarding for the moment the operation of the alert limiting mechanism 204) may trigger only display of a push notification 307, without a corresponding alert, if notification of the chat event is received from the application server 112 while the device 102 is active but in an application different from the chat application 104. In other embodiments, the push notification mechanism 202 can be configured to produce push notification alerts not only when the device 102 is in the inactive mode or locked, but also when the device 102 is in an active mode but in an application other than the chat application 104.
Alert limiting functionality is in this example embodiment implemented by the alert limiting mechanism 204, which manages push notification alerts such that alerts are suppressed for at least some chat events. Note that the described embodiments pertain to push notification alerts for chat events in the chat application 104, but that other embodiments may provide for push notification alerts for other social media events in a social media application.
In some embodiments the alert limiting mechanism 204 is configured to limit the number of times the mobile device 102 generates a push notification alert for chat events within a predefined time period, referred to herein as the suppression period. The suppression period is triggered by a suppression trigger event, being a chat event that satisfies predefined conditions or criteria.
In one example embodiment, a single suppression period is maintained at any particular time, suppressing alerts for all subsequent chat events for which notification is received within the suppression period.
In the example embodiment of
In the timeline diagram 500 of
After expiry of the suppression period 501, a subsequent suppression trigger event (in this instance a new content event indicating submission of a new non-text chat message by user B, at 504) causes production of the first push notification alert subsequent to the initial suppression trigger event at 503, and triggers a new suppression period 502. In this manner, it will be seen that in the embodiment illustrated with reference to diagram 500, the user device 102 produces a push notification alert no more than once every 20 minutes. In some embodiments, a suppression period is automatically terminated by opening of the chat application 104 on the user device 102.
Again, note that some embodiments provide for rate limiting not only of push notification alerts, but for display of push notifications 307 themselves.
In some embodiments, separate suppression periods or timers can be triggered for different types of chat event types, for different respective chat groups, and/or for different respective users. Thus, for example more than one push notification alert may be produced within a given suppression period, with the different push notification is being produced for the different users, chat groups, and/or chat event types. In one example embodiment, for example, each one of a plurality of persons or chat groups has a corresponding 20 minute window within which a push notification 307 will produce a buzz are being no more than once.
Timeline diagram 510 of
Turning now to the diagram 510 of
Chat events originating from a different user, here user B, within the suppression period 516 for user A can, however, trigger push notification alerts. At 511, a typing event is received for user B, indicating that user B and started typing a text message. The typing event 511 triggers a corresponding push notification 307 and associated push notification alert. In this example embodiment, however, typing events do not satisfy the predefined conditions for suppression trigger events, and no suppression period is therefore triggered by the typing event 511. When user B thereafter, however, submits the text message, at 512, that new content event triggers a personal suppression period 517 for user B. Subsequent chat events originating from user B within the suppression period 517 are alert suppressed, as is the case, for example, with new content event 513.
After expiry of any one of the personalized suppression periods (e.g., 516, 517) a subsequent chat event that satisfies suppression trigger conditions and start a new timer or suppression period, as is, for example, the case with suppression period 518 triggered by the new content push at 514.
In some embodiments, a relevant suppression period is automatically reset when the chat application 104 is opened. The first subsequent chat event will thus be accompanied by a push notification alert, and will again initiate the push notification suppression period so that subsequent chat events of the particular group, user, and/or type are suppressed for the predefined suppression period. In instances where different suppression periods are maintained for different persons, groups, or event types, such opening of the chat application 104 can serve to reset only a particular one or some of the suppression periods. Considering, for example, timeline 510 of
Instead of, or in addition to, providing separate suppression periods for different persons or chat groups, different suppression periods may be implemented for different types of push notifications or chat events. In one example embodiment, push notification alerts for text messages are suppressed more aggressively than push notification alerts for chat events comprising media content, such as photos, videos, or ephemeral messages. In one example embodiment, text messages are suppressed at intervals of 20 minutes, while non-text messages (e.g., messages with media content) are suppressed at periods of five minutes. In some example embodiments, no suppression time limit applies for chat events that comprise media content such as photos, videos, or ephemeral content. Such ephemeral content may include Snaps or Stories such as those provided Snapchat.
In
In a particular example embodiment, type-specific alert limiting is applied per person, except for typing events, which are applied universally. In such case, a typing push alert can be received no more frequently than once every 20 minutes (in a case where the default suppression period for typing alert limitation is 20 minutes). In a further embodiment, typing alerts are subject to special rules according to which a universal typing suppression period can be triggered by a typing event, a new content event, or a status message event from any person. In other words, the mobile device 102 can in such embodiments generate a typing push alert (or, in embodiments where push notifications are suppressed, a typing push notification) only if the device 102 has not received a typing event, a new content event, or a status message event from anyone in the chat in the last 20 minutes.
As mentioned before, rate limiting may in some instances be provided with respect not only to push notification alerts, but to push notifications per se. A number of examples of such an implementation are briefly listed below, being implemented when the chat application 104 is closed or not currently active on the mobile device 102:
At operation 606, notification of occurrence of a chat event is pushed to the mobile device 102. At operation 612, it is determined whether or not the newly received chat event is subject to an active suppression period. In other words, the alert limiting mechanism 204 determines whether or not the chat event satisfies the suppression criteria of a currently active suppression period.
It will be appreciated with reference to the example embodiments of
Returning now to
If, however, is determined at operation 612, that the new chat event is not subject to an active suppression period, then a push notification 307 is displayed together with the generation of an associated push notification alert. As discussed earlier, the push notification alert may be one or more of an audible alert tone, a visible alert flash, or a tactile vibration burst or sequence. In some embodiments, generation of the push notification alert is additionally conditional on the current mode of the mobile device 102. Thus, in some embodiments, push notification alerts are generated only if the device is in an inactive mode in which the user is not currently interacting with any application via the touchscreen 303. In other example embodiments, push notification alerts are also generated for push notifications 307 are displayed while the user is interacting via the touchscreen 303 with an application other than the chat application 104.
At operation 624, the alert limiting mechanism 204 determines whether or not the new chat event satisfies predefined suppression trigger criteria. If so, a new suppression period is initiated by starting a corresponding suppression timer, at operation 630. If not, no corresponding suppression period is initiated. Again, the particulars of the suppression trigger criteria can differ from one embodiment to another. For example, in the embodiment of
Note also that, as discussed previously, different default suppression timer values can apply for different event types, for different persons, and/or for different chat groups. In some embodiments, the disclosure provides for presentation of a customization user interface allowing a user to customize the default suppression timer values that applies to different event types, to different persons, and/or to different chat groups.
If, at operation 642, the relevant suppression timer expires, the suppression period is terminated, at operation 648. In some embodiments, however, a suppression period can be ended by an intervening user action occurring before expiry of the corresponding suppression timer. In one embodiment, opening of the chat application 104 by the user, at operation 636, prior to expiry of the suppression timer automatically causes the relevant suppression period to end. In some embodiments, any opening of the chat application 104 and all active suppression periods. In other embodiments, only some active suppression periods may be terminated by opening a particular chat or message. In one example embodiment, opening of a particular chat group or a particular chat message causes termination only of suppression time as pertaining to that chat group or to the sender of the opened chat message. Instead, or in addition, the particular suppression periods that are terminated are determined by the particular push notification 307 selected by the user to open the chat application 104.
In some embodiments, a customization user interface may be provided to permit the user associated with the mobile device 102 to selectively change rate limiting behavior for different persons, different chat event types, different chat groups, or the like. Thus, for example, a user can selectively whitelist certain persons or groups so that no push notification and/or alert suppression occurs for those entities. Instead, or in addition, the rate limiting period can be selectively changed for each such entity.
In some embodiments, differentiating rate limiting behavior for different persons or groups may be implemented automatically. For example, alert limiting mechanism 204 can in some embodiments be configured automatically to identify a user's closest or best friends based on historical behavior in the chat application 104, and automatically to reduce the suppression period for such friends. In some embodiments, persons identified as “best friends” may be exempt from push notification alert suppression.
In some example embodiments, the alert limiting mechanism 204 is configured automatically to identify relative geographical locations of respective user devices 102 associated with different persons partaking in a chat session, and automatically to modify push notification alert suppression behavior based on the determined relative location. Thus, for example, the method and/or system may be configured automatically to identify that respective user devices associated with particular users partaking in a chat session are geographically within a predefined range, and to modify or eliminate notification alerts for such geographically proximate users.
Push Notification Batching
Another aspect of the disclosure provides push notification batching in this example embodiment being implemented by the push notification batching mechanism 206. It will be appreciated that existing chat applications often generate a separate push notification 307 for each chat event. As is the case in the example push notification 307 of
In contrast, the push notification batching mechanism 206 is configured to coalesce or batch multiple push notifications into a common user interface element, for example in a common batch notification banner. One example of such a batch notification banner is indicated by a reference 707 in screenshot 754 of
In some embodiments, all chat events occurring within the chat application may be coalesced into a single batch notification banner. Instead, a plurality of different batch notification banners may be provided for chat events of different types, of different chat groups, of different persons, or the like. For instance, in the example screenshot 761 of
Thus, in some example embodiments, separate batch banners are provided for text messages, for media content messages, for name changes, for screenshot alerts, and/or for the addition of friends to the group. It will be appreciated that the mentioned criteria for batching together different push notifications are non-exhaustive, and that other criteria may be employed in other embodiments. Furthermore, notification batching can in some embodiments be performed on a combination of two or more different attributes. In one example embodiment, push notifications are batched in different notification banners based on a combination of chat group and chat event type. Thus, for example, multiple chat events consisting of screenshots and new chat messages for two different respective chat groups really in such an embodiment being coalesced into four different batch notification banners, namely a new content banner and screenshot banner for each of the two groups.
In some embodiments, the batch push notification may comprise a user interface element that includes a timestamp indicating the time of receiving a latest chat event forming part of the batched banner. Example of such a timestamp is indicated in
In some embodiments, each batch notification banner may include indicia indicating relevant chat events included within the banner. An example embodiment of such indicia is indicated by reference number 735 in
In some embodiments, the batch notification banner includes a context indicator that provides context for the associated push notifications, additional to the information provided by the event text 735. An example embodiment of
Note that the push notification batching implemented according to the example embodiments of
First, screenshot 751 in
In screenshot 753 (
When, in screenshot 754 of in
The provision of multimedia content in the form of snaps in
In this embodiment, however, the push notification batching mechanism 206 is configured to provide separate batch notifications for screenshots. Responsive to receiving, at screenshot 757 of
In the screenshots 759, 760 of
Screenshot 761 of
At operation 808, notification of the occurrence of new chat event is received. At operation 816, the relevant event type is identified. Thus, for example, the new chat event is identified as being a new content event, a screenshot event, a status update event, or the like.
At operation 824, a particular batch banner type for the identified chat event type is identified. Thus, for example, it is determined in which one of a predefined plurality of different batch notifications the new chat event is to be included. At operation 832, it is determined whether or not the identified banner or notification type is currently displayed or is active.
If a batch notification banner of the identified type is already displayed, then the new chat event is included in the existing push notification banner. In this example embodiment such inclusion comprises updating the event text 735 or incrementing an event count that may be included in the batch notification. The timestamp 731 is also updated, and the newly updated batch notification banner is positioned in a topmost location, at operation 856.
If, however, at operation 832, it is determined that the identified banner type is not currently displayed, a new batch notification banner is launched, at operation 848, with event text 735 indicating the new chat event. The newly launched banner is thereafter positioned topmost in the list of batch notification banners.
Different conditions may apply in different embodiments for clearing the displayed batch notification banner(s). In this example embodiment, batch push notification banners pertaining to a particular chat group is cleared, at operation 872, when the user opens the chat application 104 and views the relevant chat group, at operation 864. Where there are different banners for different chat groups, only the batch banners for the opened chat group is cleared in this example embodiment. In other embodiments, all batch notification banners for the chat application 104 may automatically be cleared when the chat application 104 is opened. In yet further embodiments, only a batch notification selected by the user to launch the chat application 104 is cleared.
It will be seen that it is a benefit of push notification batching, as described above, that it reduces clutter in a notification center of the mobile device 102, and that it reduces the proliferation of push notifications that can often occur in chat applications. In this manner, more effective use is made of available screen area of the device 102, and less computational resources are consumed by the generation and display of push notifications 307, thus improving functioning of the device 102 compared with existing device 102 that provide for push notifications in chat applications 104.
These systems, system components, methods, applications and so forth described in conjunction with
Software architectures are used in conjunction with hardware architectures to create devices and machines configured for particular purposes. For example, a particular hardware architecture coupled with a particular software architecture will create a mobile device, such as a mobile phone, tablet device, or so forth. A slightly different hardware and software architecture may yield a smart device for use in the “Internet of Things,” while yet another combination produces a server computer for use within a cloud computing architecture. The software and hardware architectures presented here are example architectures for implementing the disclosure, are is not exhaustive as to possible architectures that can be employed for implementing the disclosure.
Software Architecture
In the example architecture of
The operating system 902 may manage hardware resources and provide common services. The operating system 902 may include, for example, a kernel 922, services 924, and drivers 926. The kernel 922 may act as an abstraction layer between the hardware and the other software layers. For example, the kernel 922 may be responsible for memory management, processor management (e.g., scheduling), component management, networking, security settings, and so on. The services 924 may provide other common services for the other software layers. The drivers 926 are responsible for controlling or interfacing with the underlying hardware. For instance, the drivers 926 include display drivers, camera drivers, Bluetooth® drivers, flash memory drivers, serial communication drivers (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB) drivers), Wi-Fi® drivers, audio drivers, power management drivers, and so forth depending on the hardware configuration.
The libraries 920 provide a common infrastructure that is used by the applications 916 and/or other components and/or layers. The libraries 920 provide functionality that allows other software components to perform tasks in an easier fashion than to interface directly with the underlying operating system 902 functionality (e.g., kernel 922, services 924 and/or drivers 926). The libraries 920 may include system libraries 944 (e.g., C standard library) that may provide functions such as memory allocation functions, string manipulation functions, mathematical functions, and the like. In addition, the libraries 920 may include API libraries 946 such as media libraries (e.g., libraries to support presentation and manipulation of various media format such as MPREG4. H.264, MP3, AAC. AMR, JPG. PNG), graphics libraries (e.g., an OpenGL framework that may be used to render 2D and 3D in a graphic content on a display), database libraries (e.g., SQLite that may provide various relational database functions), web libraries (e.g., WebKit that may provide web browsing functionality), and the like. The libraries 920 may also include a wide variety of other libraries 948 to provide many other APIs to the applications 916 and other software components/modules.
The frameworks/middleware 918 (also sometimes referred to as middleware) provide a higher-level common infrastructure that may be used by the applications 916 and/or other software components/modules. For example, the frameworks/middleware 918 may provide various graphic user interface (GUI) functions, high-level resource management, high-level location services, and so forth. The frameworks/middleware 918 may provide a broad spectrum of other APIs that may be utilized by the applications 916 and/or other software components/modules, some of which may be specific to a particular operating system 902 or platform.
The applications 916 include built-in applications 938 and/or third-party applications 940. Examples of representative built-in applications 938 may include, but are not limited to, a contacts application, a browser application, a book reader application, a location application, a media application, a messaging application, and/or a game application. Third-party applications 940 may include an application developed using the ANDROID™ or IOS™ software development kit (SDK) by an entity other than the vendor of the particular platform, and may be mobile software running on a mobile operating system such as IOS™, ANDROID™, WINDOWS® Phone, or other mobile operating systems. The third-party applications 940 may invoke the API calls 908 provided by the mobile operating system (such as operating system 902) to facilitate functionality described herein.
The applications 916 may use built in operating system functions (e.g., kernel 922, services 924, and/or drivers 926), libraries 920, and frameworks/middleware 918 to create user interfaces to interact with users of the system. Alternatively, or additionally, in some systems interactions with a user may occur through a presentation layer, such as presentation layer 914. In these systems, the application/component “logic” can be separated from the aspects of the application/component that interact with a user.
Hardware Architecture
The machine 1000 may include processors 1004 (e.g., an array of processors 908-912, memory memory/storage 1006, and I/O components 1018, which may be configured to communicate with each other such as via a bus 1002. The memory/storage 1006 may include a memory 1014, such as a main memory, or other memory storage, and a storage unit 1016, both accessible to the processors 1004 such as via the bus 1002. The storage unit 1016 and memory 1014 store the instructions 1010 embodying any one or more of the methodologies or functions described herein. The instructions 1010 may also reside, completely or partially, within the memory 1014, within the storage unit 1016, within at least one of the processors 1004 (e.g., within the processor's cache memory), or any suitable combination thereof, during execution thereof by the machine 1000. Accordingly, the memory 1014, the storage unit 1016, and the memory of processors 1004 are examples of machine-readable media.
The I/O components 1018 may include a wide variety of components to receive input, provide output, produce output, transmit information, exchange information, capture measurements, and so on. The specific I/O components 1018 that are included in a particular machine 1000 will depend on the type of machine. For example, portable machines such as mobile phones will likely include a touch input device or other such input mechanisms, while a headless server machine will likely not include such a touch input device. It will be appreciated that the I/O components 1018 may include many other components that are not shown in
In further example embodiments, the I/O components 1018 may include biometric components 1030, motion components 1034, environmental environment components 1036, or position components 1038 among a wide array of other components. For example, the biometric components 1030 may include components to detect expressions (e.g., hand expressions, facial expressions, vocal expressions, body gestures, or eye tracking), measure biosignals (e.g., blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, perspiration, or brain waves), identify a person (e.g., voice identification, retinal identification, facial identification, fingerprint identification, or electroencephalogram based identification), and the like. The motion components 1034 may include acceleration sensor components (e.g., accelerometer), gravitation sensor components, rotation sensor components (e.g., gyroscope), and so forth. The environment components 1036 may include, for example, illumination sensor components (e.g., photometer), temperature sensor components (e.g., one or more thermometer that detect ambient temperature), humidity sensor components, pressure sensor components (e.g., barometer), acoustic sensor components (e.g., one or more microphones that detect background noise), proximity sensor components (e.g., infrared sensors that detect nearby objects), gas sensors (e.g., gas detection sensors to detection concentrations of hazardous gases for safety or to measure pollutants in the atmosphere), or other components that may provide indications, measurements, or signals corresponding to a surrounding physical environment. The position components 1038 may include location sensor components (e.g., a GPS receiver component), altitude sensor components (e.g., altimeters or barometers that detect air pressure from which altitude may be derived), orientation sensor components (e.g., magnetometers), and the like.
Communication may be implemented using a wide variety of technologies. The I/O components 1018 may include communication components 1040 operable to couple the machine 1000 to a network 1032 or devices 1020 via coupling 1022 and coupling 1024, respectively. For example, the communication components 1040 may include a network interface component or other suitable device to interface with the network 1032. In further examples, communication components 1040 may include wired communication components, wireless communication components, cellular communication components. Near Field Communication (NFC) components. Bluetooth® components (e.g., Bluetooth® Low Energy). Wi-Fi® components, and other communication components to provide communication via other modalities. The devices 1020 may be another machine or any of a wide variety of peripheral devices (e.g., a peripheral device coupled via a USB).
Moreover, the communication components 1040 may detect identifiers or include components operable to detect identifiers. For example, the communication components 1040 may include Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag reader components, NFC smart tag detection components, optical reader components (e.g., an optical sensor to detect one-dimensional bar codes such as Universal Product Code (UPC) bar code, multi-dimensional bar codes such as Quick Response (QR) code, Aztec code, Data Matrix, Dataglyph, MaxiCode, PDF417, Ultra Code, UCC RSS-2D bar code, and other optical codes), or acoustic detection components (e.g., microphones to identify tagged audio signals). In addition, a variety of information may be derived via the communication components 1040, such as, location via Internet Protocol (IP) geo-location, location via Wi-Fi® signal triangulation, location via detecting a NFC beacon signal that may indicate a particular location, and so forth.
“CARRIER SIGNAL” in this context refers to any intangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by the machine, and includes digital or analog communications signals or other intangible media to facilitate communication of such instructions. Instructions may be transmitted or received over the network using a transmission medium via a network interface device and using any one of a number of well-known transfer protocols.
“CLIENT DEVICE” in this context refers to any machine that interfaces to a communications network to obtain resources from one or more server systems or other client devices. A client device may be, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, desktop computer, laptop, portable digital assistant (PDA), smart phone, tablet, ultra book, netbook, laptop, multi-processor system, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, game console, set-top box, or any other communication device that a user may use to access a network.
“COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK” in this context refers to one or more portions of a network that may be an ad hoc network, an intranet, an extranet, a virtual private network (VPN), a local area network (LAN), a wireless LAN (WLAN), a wide area network (WAN), a wireless WAN (WWAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), the Internet, a portion of the Internet, a portion of the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), a plain old telephone service (POTS) network, a cellular telephone network, a wireless network, a Wi-Fi® network, another type of network, or a combination of two or more such networks. For example, a network or a portion of a network may include a wireless or cellular network and the coupling may be a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) connection, a Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) connection, or other type of cellular or wireless coupling. In this example, the coupling may implement any of a variety of types of data transfer technology, such as Single Carrier Radio Transmission Technology (1×RTT), Evolution-Data Optimized (EVDO) technology. General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) technology, Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) technology, third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) including 3G, fourth generation wireless (4G) networks, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), High Speed Packet Access (HSPA). Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard, others defined by various standard setting organizations, other long range protocols, or other data transfer technology.
“EMPHEMERAL MESSAGE” in this context refers to a message that is accessible for a time-limited duration. An ephemeral message may be a text, an image, a video, and the like. The access time for the ephemeral message may be set by the message sender. Alternatively, the access time may be a default setting or a setting specified by the recipient. Regardless of the setting technique, the message is transitory. “Snaps” as referenced in the description are ephemeral messages.
“MACHINE-READABLE MEDIUM” in this context refers to a component, device, or other tangible media able to store instructions and data temporarily or permanently and may include, but is not be limited to, random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), buffer memory, flash memory, optical media, magnetic media, cache memory, other types of storage (e.g., Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM)) and/or any suitable combination thereof. The term “machine-readable medium” should be taken to include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, or associated caches and servers) able to store instructions. The term “machine-readable medium” shall also be taken to include any medium, or combination of multiple media, that is capable of storing instructions (e.g., code) for execution by a machine, such that the instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the machine, cause the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies described herein. Accordingly, a “machine-readable medium” refers to a single storage apparatus or device, as well as “cloud-based” storage systems or storage networks that include multiple storage apparatus or devices. The term “machine-readable medium” excludes signals per se.
“COMPONENT” in this context refers to a device, physical entity, or logic having boundaries defined by function or subroutine calls, branch points, application program interfaces (APIs), or other technologies that provide for the partitioning or modularization of particular processing or control functions. Components may be combined via their interfaces with other components to carry out a machine process. A component may be a packaged functional hardware unit designed for use with other components and a part of a program that usually performs a particular function of related functions. Components may constitute either software components (e.g., code embodied on a machine-readable medium) or hardware components. A “hardware component” is a tangible unit capable of performing certain operations and may be configured or arranged in a certain physical manner. In various example embodiments, one or more computer systems (e.g., a standalone computer system, a client computer system, or a server computer system) or one or more hardware components of a computer system (e.g., a processor or a group of processors) may be configured by software (e.g., an application or application portion) as a hardware component that operates to perform certain operations as described herein. A hardware component may also be implemented mechanically, electronically, or any suitable combination thereof. For example, a hardware component may include dedicated circuitry or logic that is permanently configured to perform certain operations. A hardware component may be a special-purpose processor, such as a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). A hardware component may also include programmable logic or circuitry that is temporarily configured by software to perform certain operations. For example, a hardware component may include software executed by a general-purpose processor or other programmable processor. Once configured by such software, hardware components become specific machines (or specific components of a machine) uniquely tailored to perform the configured functions and are no longer general-purpose processors. It will be appreciated that the decision to implement a hardware component mechanically, in dedicated and permanently configured circuitry, or in temporarily configured circuitry (e.g., configured by software) may be driven by cost and time considerations. Accordingly, the phrase “hardware component” (or “hardware-implemented component”) should be understood to encompass a tangible entity, be that an entity that is physically constructed, permanently configured (e.g., hardwired), or temporarily configured (e.g., programmed) to operate in a certain manner or to perform certain operations described herein. Considering embodiments in which hardware components are temporarily configured (e.g., programmed), each of the hardware components need not be configured or instantiated at any one instance in time. For example, where a hardware component comprises a general-purpose processor configured by software to become a special-purpose processor, the general-purpose processor may be configured as respectively different special-purpose processors (e.g., comprising different hardware components) at different times. Software accordingly configures a particular processor or processors, for example, to constitute a particular hardware component at one instance of time and to constitute a different hardware component at a different instance of time. Hardware components can provide information to, and receive information from, other hardware components. Accordingly, the described hardware components may be regarded as being communicatively coupled. Where multiple hardware components exist contemporaneously, communications may be achieved through signal transmission (e.g., over appropriate circuits and buses) between or among two or more of the hardware components. In embodiments in which multiple hardware components are configured or instantiated at different times, communications between such hardware components may be achieved, for example, through the storage and retrieval of information in memory structures to which the multiple hardware components have access. For example, one hardware component may perform an operation and store the output of that operation in a memory device to which it is communicatively coupled. A further hardware component may then, at a later time, access the memory device to retrieve and process the stored output. Hardware components may also initiate communications with input or output devices, and can operate on a resource (e.g., a collection of information). The various operations of example methods described herein may be performed, at least partially, by one or more processors that are temporarily configured (e.g., by software) or permanently configured to perform the relevant operations. Whether temporarily or permanently configured, such processors may constitute processor-implemented components that operate to perform one or more operations or functions described herein. As used herein. “processor-implemented component” refers to a hardware component implemented using one or more processors. Similarly, the methods described herein may be at least partially processor-implemented, with a particular processor or processors being an example of hardware. For example, at least some of the operations of a method may be performed by one or more processors or processor-implemented components. Moreover, the one or more processors may also operate to support performance of the relevant operations in a “cloud computing” environment or as a “software as a service” (SaaS). For example, at least some of the operations may be performed by a group of computers (as examples of machines including processors), with these operations being accessible via a network (e.g., the Internet) and via one or more appropriate interfaces (e.g., an Application Program Interface (API)). The performance of certain of the operations may be distributed among the processors, not only residing within a single machine, but deployed across a number of machines. In some example embodiments, the processors or processor-implemented components may be located in a single geographic location (e.g., within a home environment, an office environment, or a server farm). In other example embodiments, the processors or processor-implemented components may be distributed across a number of geographic locations.
“PROCESSOR” in this context refers to any circuit or virtual circuit (a physical circuit emulated by logic executing on an actual processor) that manipulates data values according to control signals (e.g., “commands,” “op codes.” “machine code,” etc.) and which produces corresponding output signals that are applied to operate a machine. A processor may, for example, be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) processor, a Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC) processor, a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuit (RFIC) or any combination thereof. A processor may further be a multi-core processor having two or more independent processors (sometimes referred to as “cores”) that may execute instructions contemporaneously.
“TIMESTAMP” in this context refers to a sequence of characters or encoded information identifying when a certain event occurred, for example giving date and time of day, sometimes accurate to a small fraction of a second.
Throughout this specification, plural instances may implement components, operations, or structures described as a single instance. Although individual operations of one or more methods are illustrated and described as separate operations, one or more of the individual operations may be performed concurrently, and nothing requires that the operations be performed in the order illustrated, unless that the context and/or logic clearly indicates otherwise. Structures and functionality presented as separate components in example configurations may be implemented as a combined structure or component. Similarly, structures and functionality presented as a single component may be implemented as separate components. These and other variations, modifications, additions, and improvements fall within the scope of the subject matter herein.
Although an overview of the disclosed subject matter has been described with reference to specific example embodiments, various modifications and changes may be made to these embodiments without departing from the broader scope of embodiments of the present disclosure.
The embodiments illustrated herein are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the teachings disclosed. Other embodiments may be used and derived therefrom, such that structural and logical substitutions and changes may be made without departing from the scope of this disclosure. The Detailed Description, therefore, is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of various embodiments is defined only by the appended claims, along with the full range of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.
As used herein, the term “or” may be construed in either an inclusive or exclusive sense. Moreover, plural instances may be provided for resources, operations, or structures described herein as a single instance. Additionally, boundaries between various resources, operations, modules, engines, and data stores are somewhat arbitrary, and particular operations are illustrated in a context of specific illustrative configurations. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.
This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/432,679, filed on Dec. 11, 2016, the benefit of priority of each of which is claimed hereby, and each of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
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