Patent Application
20080132536
The present invention relates to pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine compounds, processes for their preparation, intermediates usable in these processes, and pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds. The invention also relates to the use of the pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine compounds in therapy, for example as inhibitors of phosphodiesterase type IV (PDE4) and/or for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of inflammatory and/or allergic diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, allergic rhinitis or atopic dermatitis.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,979,399, U.S. Pat. No. 3,840,546, and U.S. Pat. No. 3,966,746 (E.R. Squibb & Sons) disclose 4-amino derivatives of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carboxamides wherein the 4-amino group NR3R4 can be an acyclic amino group wherein R3 and R4 may each be hydrogen, lower alkyl (e.g. butyl), phenyl, etc.; NR3R4 can alternatively be a 3-6-membered heterocyclic group such as pyrrolidino, piperidino and piperazino. The compounds are disclosed as central nervous system depressants useful as ataractic, analgesic and hypotensive agents.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,925,388, U.S. Pat. No. 3,856,799, U.S. Pat. No. 3,833,594 and U.S. Pat. No. 3,755,340 (E.R. Squibb & Sons) disclose 4-amino derivatives of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carboxylic acids and esters. The 4-amino group NR3R4 can be an acyclic amino group wherein R3 and R4 may each be hydrogen, lower alkyl (e.g. butyl), phenyl, etc.; NR3R4 can alternatively be a 5-6-membered heterocyclic group in which an additional nitrogen is present such as pyrrolidino, piperidino, pyrazolyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl or piperazinyl. The compounds are mentioned as being central nervous system depressants useful as ataractic agents or tranquilisers, as having antiinflammatory and analgesic properties. The compounds are mentioned as increasing the intracellular concentration of adenosine-3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate and for alleviating the symptoms of asthma.
H. Hoehn et al., J. Heterocycl. Chem., 1972, 9(2), 235-253 discloses a series of 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carboxylic acid derivatives with 4-hydroxy, 4-chloro, 4-alkoxy, 4-hydrazino, and 4-amino substituents.
CA 1003419, CH 553 799 and T. Denzel, Archiv der Pharmazie, 1974, 307(3), 177-186 disclose 4,5-disubstituted 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines unsubstituted at the 1-position.
Japanese laid-open patent application JP-2002-20386-A (Ono Yakuhin Kogyo KK) published on 23 Jan. 2002 discloses pyrazolopyridine compounds of the following formula:
wherein R1 denotes 1) a group —OR6, 2) a group —SR7, 3) a C2-8 alkynyl group, 4) a nitro group, 5) a cyano group, 6) a C1-8 alkyl group substituted by a hydroxy group or a C1-8 alkoxy group, 7) a phenyl group, 8) a group —C(O)R5, 9) a group —SO2NR9R10, 10) a group —NR11SO2R12) a group —NR13C(O)R14 or 12) a group —CH═NR15. R6 and R7 denote i) a hydrogen atom, ii) a C1-8 alkyl group, iii) a C1-8 alkyl group substituted by a C1-8 alkoxy group, iv) a trihalomethyl group, v) a C3-7 cycloalkyl group, vi) a C1-8 alkyl group substituted by a phenyl group or vii) a 3-15 membered mono-, di- or tricyclic hetero ring containing 1-4 nitrogen atoms, 1-3 oxygen atoms and/or 1-3 sulphur atoms. R2 denotes 1) a hydrogen atom or 2) a C1-8 alkoxy group. R3 denotes 1) a hydrogen atom or 2) a C1-8 alkyl group. R4 denotes 1) a hydrogen atom, 2) a C1-8 alkyl group, 3) a C3-7 cycloalkyl group, 4) a C1-8 alkyl group substituted by a C3-7 cycloalkyl group, 5) a phenyl group which may be substituted by 1-3 halogen atoms or 6) a 3-15 membered mono-, di- or tricyclic hetero ring containing 1-4 nitrogen atoms, 1-3 oxygen atoms and/or 1-3 sulphur atoms. R5 denotes 1) a hydrogen atom, 2) a C1-8 alkyl group, 3) a C3-7 cycloalkyl group, 4) a C1-8 alkyl group substituted by a C3-7 cycloalkyl group or 5) a phenyl group which may be substituted by 1-3 substituents. In group R3, a hydrogen atom is preferred. In group R4, methyl, ethyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl or cyclopentyl are preferred. The compounds of JP-2002-20386-A are stated as having PDE4 inhibitory activity and as being useful in the prevention and/or treatment of inflammatory diseases and many other diseases.
1,3-Dimethyl-4-(arylamino)-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines with a 5-C(O)NH2 substituent similar or identical to those in JP-2002-20386-A were disclosed as orally active PDE4 inhibitors by authors from Ono Pharmaceutical Co. in: H. Ochiai et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 5 Jan. 2004 issue, vol. 14(1), pp. 29-32 (available on or before 4 Dec. 2003 from the Web version of the journal: “articles in press”). Full papers on these and similar compounds as orally active PDE4 inhibitors are: H. Ochiai et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2004, 12, 4089-4100 (available online 20 Jun. 2004), and H. Ochiai et al., Chem. Pharm. Bull., 2004, 52(9), 1098-1104 (available online 15 Jun. 2004).
EP 0 076 035 A1 (ICI Americas) discloses pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine derivatives as central nervous system depressants useful as tranquilisers or ataractic agents for the relief of anxiety and tension states.
The compound cartazolate, ethyl 4-(n-butylamino)-1-ethyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]-pyridine-5-carboxylate, is known. J. W. Daly et al., Med. Chem. Res., 1994, 4, 293-306 and D. Shi et al., Drug Development Research, 1997, 42, 41-56 disclose a series of 4-(amino) substituted 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carboxylic acid derivatives, including ethyl 4-cyclopentylamino-1-methyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carboxylate, and their affinities and antagonist activities at A1- and A2A-adenosine receptors, and the latter paper discloses their affinities at various binding sites of the GABAA-receptor channel. S. Schenone et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2001, 11, 2529-2531, and F. Bondavalli et al., J. Med. Chem., 2002, vol. 45 (Issue 22, 24 Oct. 2002, allegedly published on Web Sep. 24, 2002), pp. 4875-4887 disclose a series of 4-amino-1-(2-chloro-2-phenylethyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carboxylic acid ethyl esters as A1-adenosine receptor ligands.
WO 02/060900 A2 appears to disclose, as MCP-1 antagonists for treatment of allergic, inflammatory or autoimmune disorders or diseases, a series of bicyclic heterocyclic compounds with a —C(O)—NR4—C(O)—NR5R6 substituent, including isoxazolo[5,4-b]pyridines and 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines (named as pyrazolo[5,4-b]pyridines) with the —C(O)—NR4—C(O)—NR5R6 group as the 5-substituent and optionally substituted at the 1-, 3-, 4-, and/or 6-positions. Bicyclic heterocyclic compounds with a —C(O)NH2 substituent instead of the —C(O)—NR4—C(O)—NR5R6 substituent are alleged to be disclosed in WO 02/060900 as intermediates in the synthesis of the —C(O)—NR4—C(O)—NR5R6 substituted compounds.
WO 00/15222 (Bristol-Myers Squibb) discloses inter alia pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines having inter alia a C(O)—X1 group at the 5-position and a group E1 at the 4-position of the ring system. Amongst other things, X1 can for example be —OR9, —N(R9)(R10) or —N(R5)(-A2-R2), and E1 can for example be —NH-A1-cycloalkyl, —NH-A1-substituted cycloalkyl, or —NH-A1-heterocyclo; wherein A1 is an alkylene or substituted alkylene bridge of 1 to 10 carbons and A2 can for example be a direct bond or an alkylene or substituted alkylene bridge of 1 to 10 carbons. The compounds are disclosed as being useful as inhibitors of cGMP phosphodiesterase, especially PDE type V, and in the treatment of various cGMP-associated conditions such as erectile dysfunction. Compounds with a cycloalkyl or heterocyclo group directly attached to —NH— at the 4-position of the pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine ring system and/or having PDE4 inhibitory activity do not appear to be disclosed in WO 00/15222.
H. de Mello, A. Echevarria, et al., J. Med. Chem., 2004, believed to be published online on or just before 21 Sep. 2004, discloses 3-methyl or 3-phenyl 4-anilino-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine 5-carboxylic esters as potential anti-Leishmania drugs.
Copending patent application PCT/EP2003/014867, filed on 19 Dec. 2003 in the name of Glaxo Group Limited, published on 8 Jul. 2004 as WO 2004/056823 A1, and incorporated herein by reference, discloses and claims pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine compounds or salts thereof with a 4-NR3R3a group (R3a is preferably H) and with a group Het at the 5-position of the pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine, wherein Het is usually a 5-membered optionally substituted heteroaryl group. PCT/EP2003/014867 also discloses the use of these compounds as PDE4 inhibitors and for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of inter alia COPD, asthma or allergic rhinitis. In “Process F”, on page 58 line 14 to page 59 line 18 of PCT/EP2003/014867 (this passage, plus all definitions elsewhere therein of all compounds, groups and/or substituents mentioned in this passage, being specifically incorporated herein by reference), a compound of 2 general Formula XXVIII:
is disclosed for use as an intermediate in the synthesis of a subset of the 5-Het pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine compounds claimed in PCT/EP2003/014867 wherein Het is optionally substituted 1,3-oxazol-2-yl. Intermediates 42, 43 and 46 within PCT/EP2003/014867 (WO 2004/056823 A1) also disclose embodiments of the compound of Formula XXVIII as intermediate compounds intended for use in the synthesis of the Examples within PCT/EP2003/014867.
Priority is claimed in the present patent application from PCT/EP2003/014867 filed on 19 Dec. 2003, in particular relying on the above-mentioned passages disclosing a compound of Formula XXVIII wherein R3a is preferably H.
Copending patent application PCT/EP03/11814, filed on 12 Sep. 2003 in the name of Glaxo Group Limited, published on 25 Mar. 2004 as WO 2004/024728 A2, and incorporated herein by reference, discloses pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine compounds or salts thereof with a 4-NHR3 group and a 5-C(O)—X group, according to this formula (I):
wherein:
R1 is C1-4alkyl, C1-3fluoroalkyl, —CH2CH2OH or —CH2CH2CO2C1-2alkyl;
R2 is a hydrogen atom (H), methyl or C1fluoroalkyl;
R3 is optionally substituted C3-8cycloalkyl or optionally substituted mono-unsaturated-C5-7cycloalkenyl or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group of sub-formula (aa), (bb) or (cc);
in which n1 and n2 independently are 1 or 2; and in which Y is O, S, SO2, or NR10;
or R3 is a bicyclic group (dd) or (ee):
and wherein X is NR4R5 or OR5a.
In PCT/EP03/11814 (WO 2004/024728 A2), R4 is a hydrogen atom (H); C1-6alkyl; C1-3-fluoroalkyl; or C2-6alkyl substituted by one substituent R1.
In PCT/EP03/11814 (WO 2004/024728 A2), R5 can be: a hydrogen atom (H); C1-8alkyl; C1-8 fluoroalkyl; C3-8cycloalkyl optionally substituted by a C1-2alkyl group; —(CH2)n4—C3-8cycloalkyl optionally substituted, in the —(CH2)n4— moiety or in the C3-8cycloalkyl moiety, by a C1-2alkyl group, wherein n4 is 1, 2 or 3; C2-6alkyl substituted by one or two independent substituents R11; —(CH2)n11—C(O)R16; —(CH2)n12—C(O)NR12R13; —CHR19—C(O)NR12R13; —(CH2)n12—C(O)OR16; —(CH2)n12—C(O)OH; —CHR19—C(O)OR16; —CHR19—C(O)OH; —(CH2)n12—SO2—NR12R13; —(CH2)n12—SO2R16; or —(CH2)n12—CN; —(CH2)n13-Het; or optionally substituted phenyl.
Alternatively, in PCT/EP03/11814 (WO 2004/024728 A2), R5 can have the sub-formula (x), (y), (y1) or (z):
wherein in sub-formula (x), n=0, 1 or 2; in sub-formula (y) and (y1), m=1 or 2; and in sub-formula (z), r=0, 1 or 2; and wherein in sub-formula (x) and (y) and (y1), none, one or two of A, B, D, E and F are independently nitrogen or nitrogen-oxide (N+—O−) provided that no more than one of A, B, D, E and F is nitrogen-oxide, and the remaining of A, B, D, E and F are independently CH or CR6; and provided that when n is 0 in sub-formula (x) then one or two of A, B, D, E and F are independently nitrogen or nitrogen-oxide (N+—O−) and no more than one of A, B, D, E and F is nitrogen-oxide;
In PCT/EP03/11814 (WO 2004/024728 A2), each R6, independently of any other R6 present, is: a halogen atom; C1-6alkyl; C1-4fluoroalkyl; C1-4alkoxy; C1-12fluoroalkoxy; C3-6cycloalkyloxy; —C(O)R16a; —C(O)OR30; —S(O)2—R16a; R16a; —S(O)2—NR15a—; R7R8N—S(O)2—; C1-2alkyl-C(O)—R15aN—S(O)2—; C1-4alkyl-S(O)—; Ph-S(O)—; R7R8N—CO—; —NR15—C(O)R16; R7R8N; OH; C1-4alkoxymethyl; C1-4alkoxyethyl; C1-2alkyl-S(O)2—CH2—; R7R8N—S(O)2—CH2—; C1-2alkyl-S(O)2—NR15a—CH2—; —CH2—OH; —CH2CH2—OH; —CH2—NR7R8; —CH2—CH2—NR7R8; —CH2—C(O)OR30; —CH2—C(O)—NR7R8; —CH2—NR15a—C(O)—C1-3alkyl; —(CH2)n14-Het1 where n14 is 0 or 1; cyano (CN); Ar5b; or phenyl, pyridinyl or pyrimidinyl wherein the phenyl, pyridinyl or pyrimidinyl independently are optionally substituted by one or two of fluoro, chloro, C1-2alkyl, C1fluoroalkyl, C1-2alkoxy or C1fluoroalkoxy;
or two adjacent R6 taken together can be —O—(CMe2)—O— or —O—(CH2)n14—O— where n14 is 1 or 2.
In PCT/EP03/11814 (WO 2004/024728 A2), in sub-formula (z), G is O or S or NR9 wherein R9 is a hydrogen atom (H), C1-4alkyl or C1-4fluoroalkyl; none, one, two or three of J, L, M and Q are nitrogen; and the remaining of J, L, M and Q are independently CH or CR6 where R6, independently of any other R6 present, is as defined therein. The pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine compounds of formula (I) and salts thereof disclosed in PCT/EP03/11814 (WO 2004/024728 A2) are disclosed as being inhibitors of phosphodiesterase type IV (PDE4), and as being useful for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of an inflammatory and/or allergic diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, or allergic rhinitis.
We have now found new pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine compounds, having a —C(O)—NH—C(R4)(R5)-aryl substituent at the 5-position of the pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine ring system wherein at least one of R4 and R5 is not a hydrogen atom (H), which compounds inhibit phosphodiesterase type IV (PDE4).
The present invention therefore provides a compound of formula (I) or a salt thereof (in particular, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof):
wherein Ar has the sub-formula (x) or (z):
and wherein:
R1 is C1-3alkyl, C1-3fluoroalkyl, or —CH2CH2OH;
R2 is a hydrogen atom (H), methyl or C1fluoroalkyl;
R3 is optionally substituted C3-8cycloalkyl or optionally substituted mono-unsaturated-C5-7cycloalkenyl or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group of sub-formula (aa), (bb) or (cc);
in which n1 and n2 independently are 1 or 2; and in which Y is O, S, SO2, or NR10; where R10 is a hydrogen atom (H), C1-2alkyl, C1-2fluoroalkyl, C(O)NH2, C(O)—C1-2alkyl, C(O)—C1fluoroalkyl or —C(O)—CH2O—C1 alkyl;
and wherein in R3 the C3-8cycloalkyl or the heterocyclic group of sub-formula (aa), (bb) or (cc) is optionally substituted on a ring carbon with one or two substituents independently being oxo (═O); OH; C1-2alkoxy; C1-2fluoroalkoxy; NHR21 wherein R21 is a hydrogen atom (H) or C1-4 straight-chain alkyl; C1-2alkyl; C1-2fluoroalkyl; —CH2OH; —CH2CH2OH; —CH2NHR22 wherein R22 is H or C1alkyl; —C(O)OR23 wherein R23 is H; —C(O)NHR24 wherein R24 is H or C1alkyl; —C(O)R25 wherein R25 is C1-2alkyl; fluoro; hydroxyimino (═N—OH); or (C1-4alkoxy)imino (═N—OR26 where R26 is C1-4alkyl); and wherein any OH, alkoxy, fluoroalkoxy or NHR21 substituent is not substituted at the R3 ring carbon attached (bonded) to the —NH— group of formula (I) and is not substituted at either R3 ring carbon bonded to the Y group of the heterocyclic group (aa), (bb) or (cc);
and wherein, when R3 is optionally substituted mono-unsaturated-C5-7cycloalkenyl, then the cycloalkenyl is optionally substituted with one substituent being fluoro or C1-2alkyl or two substituents independently being fluoro or methyl, and the R3 ring carbon bonded to the —NH— group of formula (I) does not partake in the cycloalkenyl double bond;
or R3 is a bicyclic group of sub-formula (ee):
wherein Y1, Y2 and Y3 independently are CH2 or oxygen (O) provided that no more than one of Y1, Y2 and Y3 is oxygen (O);
and wherein:
R4 is a hydrogen atom (H), methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, C1-2fluoroalkyl, cyclopropyl, —CH2OR4a, —CH(Me)OR4a, or —CH2CH2OR4a; wherein R4a is a hydrogen atom (H), methyl (Me), or C1fluoroalkyl such as CF3 or CHF2; and
R5 is a hydrogen atom (H); C1-8alkyl (e.g. C1-6alkyl or C1-4alkyl); C1-3fluoroalkyl;
C3-8cycloalkyl optionally substituted by a C1-2alkyl group; or —(CH2)n4—C3-8cycloalkyl optionally substituted, in the —(CH2)n4— moiety or in the C3-8cycloalkyl moiety, by a C1-2alkyl group, wherein n4 is 1 or 2;
or R5 is C1-4alkyl substituted by one substituent R11; wherein R11 is: hydroxy (OH); C1-6alkoxy; C1-2fluoroalkoxy; phenyloxy; (monofluoro- or difluoro-phenyl)oxy; (monomethyl- or dimethyl-phenyl)oxy; benzyloxy; —NR12R13; —NR15—C(O)R16; —NR15—C(O)—NH—R15; or —NR15—S(O)2R16;
or R5 is C2-4alkyl substituted on different carbon atoms by two hydroxy (OH) substituents;
or R5 is —(CH2)n11—C(O)R16; —(CH2)n11—C(O)NR12R13; —CHR19—C(O)NR12R13; —(CH2)n11—C(O)OR16; —(CH2)n11—C(O)OH; —CHR19—C(O)OR16; —CHR19—C(O)OH; —(CH2)n11—S(O)2—NR12R13; —(CH2)n11—S(O)2R16; or —(CH2)n11—CN; wherein n11 is 0, 1, 2 or 3 (wherein for each R5 group n11 is independent of the value of n11 in other R5 groups); and wherein R19 is C1-2alkyl;
or R5 is —(CH2)n13-Het, wherein n13 is 0, 1 or 2 and Het is a 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic ring, other than —NR12R13, containing one or two ring-hetero-atoms independently selected from O, S, and N; wherein any ring-hetero-atoms present are not bound to the —(CH2)n13— moiety when n13 is 0; wherein any ring-nitrogens which are present and which are not unsaturated (i.e. which do not partake in a double bond) and which are not connecting nitrogens (i.e. which are not nitrogens bound to the —(CH2)n13— moiety or to the carbon atom to which R5 is attached) are present as NR17; and wherein one or two of the carbon ring-atoms are independently optionally substituted by C1-2alkyl;
or R5 is phenyl (Ph), —CH2-Ph, —CHMe-Ph, —CHEt-Ph, CMe2Ph, or —CH2CH2-Ph, wherein the phenyl ring Ph is optionally substituted with one or two substituents independently being: a halogen atom; C1-4alkyl (e.g. C1-2alkyl); C1-2fluoroalkyl (e.g. trifluoromethyl); C1-4alkoxy (e.g. C1-2alkoxy); C1-2fluoroalkoxy (e.g. trifluoromethoxy or difluoromethoxy); cyclopropyl; cyclopropyloxy; —C(O)—C1-4alkyl; —C(O)OH; —C(O)—OC1-4alkyl; C1-4alkyl-S(O)2—; C1-4alkyl-S(O)2—NR8a—; R7aR8aN—S(O)2—; R7aR8aN—C(O)—; —NR8a—C(O)—C1-4alkyl; R7aR8aN; OH; nitro (—NO2); or cyano (—CN);
—CH═CH—S—; or —N═CH—S—; wherein R15b is H or C1-2alkyl;
provided that:
two or more of A, B, D, E and F are independently C—H (carbon-hydrogen), C—F (carbon-fluorine), nitrogen (N), or nitrogen-oxide (N+—O−);
and no more than two of A, B, D, E and F are independently nitrogen or nitrogen-oxide (N+—O−),
and no more than one of A, B, D, E and F is nitrogen-oxide (N+—O−);
and wherein, in sub-formula (z):
G is O or S or NR9 wherein R9 is a hydrogen atom (H), C1-4alkyl, or C1-2fluoroalkyl;
J is C—R6J, C-[connection point to formula (I)], or nitrogen (N),
L is C—R6L, C-[connection point to formula (I)], or nitrogen (N),
M is C—R6M, C-[connection point to formula (I)], or nitrogen (N),
Q is C—R6Q, C-[connection point to formula (I)], or nitrogen (N),
wherein, R6J, R6L, R6M and R6Q independently are: a hydrogen atom (H), a halogen atom; C1-4alkyl (e.g. C1-2alkyl); C1-3-fluoroalkyl (e.g. C1-2fluoroalkyl);
C3-6cycloalkyl; C1-4alkoxy (e.g. C1-2alkoxy); C1-2fluoroalkoxy; C3-6cycloalkyloxy; OH (including any tautomer thereof); or phenyl optionally substituted by one or two substituents independently being fluoro, chloro, C1-2alkyl, C1fluoroalkyl, C1-2alkoxy or C1fluoroalkoxy;
provided that:
two or more of J, L, M and Q are independently C—H, C—F, C—C1-2alkyl (e.g. C-Me), C—[connection point to formula (I)], or nitrogen (N);
and no more than three of J, L, M and Q are nitrogen (N);
and wherein:
R7 and R8 are independently a hydrogen atom (H); C1-4alkyl (e.g. C1-2alkyl such as methyl); C3-6cycloalkyl; or phenyl optionally substituted by one or two substituents independently being: fluoro, chloro, C1-2alkyl, C1fluoroalkyl, C1-2alkoxy or C1fluoroalkoxy;
or R7 and R8 together are —(CH2)n6— or —C(O)—(CH2)n7— or —C(O)—(CH2)n10—C(O)— or —(CH2)n8—X7—(CH2)n9— or —C(O)—X7—(CH2)n10— in which: n6 is 3, 4, 5 or 6, n7 is 2, 3, 4, or 5, n8 and n9 and n10 independently are 2 or 3, and X7 is O or NR14;
R7a is a hydrogen atom (H) or C1-4alkyl;
R8a is a hydrogen atom (H) or methyl;
R12 and R13 independently are H; C1-4alkyl (e.g. C1-2alkyl); C3-6cycloalkyl; or phenyl optionally substituted by one or two substituents independently being: fluoro, chloro, C1-2alkyl, C1fluoroalkyl, C1-2alkoxy or C1fluoroalkoxy;
or R12 and R13 together are —(CH2)n6a— or —C(O)—(CH2)n7a— or —C(O)—(CH2)n10a—C(O) or —(CH2)n8a—X12—(CH2)n9a— or —C(O)—X12—(CH2)n10a— in which: n6a is 3, 4, 5 or 6, n7a is 2, 3, 4, or 5, n8a and n9a and n10a independently are 2 or 3 and X12 is O or NR14a;
R14, R14a, R17 and R17a independently are: a hydrogen atom (H); C1-4alkyl (e.g. C1-2alkyl); C1-2fluoroalkyl (e.g. CF3); cyclopropyl; —C(O)—C1-4alkyl (e.g. —C(O)Me); —C(O)NR7aR8a (e.g. —C(O)NH2); or —S(O)2—C1-4alkyl (e.g. —S(O)2Me);
R15, independent of other R15, is a hydrogen atom (H); C1-4alkyl (e.g. tBu or C1-2alkyl e.g. methyl); C3-6cycloalkyl; or phenyl optionally substituted by one or two of: a halogen atom, C1-2alkyl, C1fluoroalkyl, C1-2alkoxy or C1fluoroalkoxy;
R15a, independent of other R15a, is a hydrogen atom (H) or C1-4alkyl;
R16 is: C1-4alkyl (e.g. C1-2alkyl); C3-6cycloalkyl (e.g. C5-6cycloalkyl); C3-6cycloalkyl-CH2— (e.g. C5-6cycloalkyl-CH2—); or phenyl or benzyl, wherein the phenyl and benzyl are independently optionally substituted on their ring by one or two substituents independently being fluoro, chloro, methyl, C1fluoroalkyl, methoxy or C1fluoroalkoxy;
C1-6alkyl (e.g. C1-4alkyl or C1-2alkyl);
C3-6cycloalkyl (e.g. C5-6cycloalkyl) optionally substituted by one oxo (═O), OH or C1-2alkyl substituent (e.g. optionally substituted at the 3- or 4-position of a C5-6cycloalkyl ring; and/or preferably unsubstituted C3-6cycloalkyl);
C3-6cycloalkyl-CH2— (e.g. C5-6cycloalkyl-CH2—);
pyridinyl (e.g. pyridin-2-yl) optionally substituted on a ring carbon atom by one of: a halogen atom, C1-2alkyl, C1fluoroalkyl, C1-2alkoxy or C1fluoroalkoxy;
phenyl optionally substituted by one or two substituents independently being: a halogen atom, C1-2alkyl, C1fluoroalkyl, C1-2alkoxy or C1fluoroalkoxy; benzyl optionally substituted on its ring by one or two substituents independently being: a halogen atom, C1-12alkyl, C1fluoroalkyl, C1-2alkoxy or C1fluoroalkoxy; or
a 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered saturated heterocyclic ring connected at a ring-carbon and containing one or two ring-hetero-atoms independently selected from O, S, and N;
wherein any ring-nitrogens which are present are present as NR27 where R27 is H, C1-2alkyl or —C(O)Me; and wherein the ring is optionally substituted at carbon by one C1-2-alkyl or oxo (═O) substituent, provided that any oxo (═O) substituent is substituted at a ring-carbon atom bonded to a ring-nitrogen;
R30, independent of other R30, is a hydrogen atom (H), C1-4alkyl or C3-6cycloalkyl;
Ar5b and Ar5c independently is/are a 5-membered aromatic heterocyclic ring containing one O, S or NR15a in the 5-membered ring, wherein the 5-membered ring can optionally additionally contain one or two N atoms, and wherein the heterocyclic ring is optionally substituted on a ring carbon atom by one of: a halogen atom, C1-2alkyl, C1fluoroalkyl, —CH2OH, —CH2—OC1-2alkyl, OH (including the keto tautomer thereof) or —CH2—NR28R29 wherein R28 and R29 independently are H or methyl; and
Het1, is a 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered saturated heterocyclic ring connected at a ring-carbon and containing one or two ring-hetero-atoms independently selected from O, S, and N; wherein any ring-nitrogens which are present are present as NR31 where R31 is H, C1-2alkyl or —C(O)Me; and wherein the ring is optionally substituted at carbon by one C1-2alkyl or oxo (═O) substituent, provided that any oxo (═O) substituent is substituted at a ring-carbon atom bonded to a ring-nitrogen;
provided that:
when R3 is the heterocyclic group of sub-formula (bb), n1 is 1, and Y is NR10, then R10 is not C1-2alkyl or C1-2-fluoroalkyl; and
when R3 is the heterocyclic group of sub-formula (aa) and Y is NR10, then R10 is not C(O)—C1-2alkyl, C(O)—C1fluoroalkyl or —C(O)—CH2O—C1alkyl; and
when R3 is the heterocyclic group of sub-formula (cc), then Y is O, S, SO2 or NR10 wherein R10 is H;
and provided that:
when R3 is optionally substituted C3-8cycloalkyl or optionally substituted C5-7cycloalkenyl, then any —C(O)OR23, —C(O)NHR24, —C(O)R25, —CH2OH or fluoro substituent is: at the 3-position of a R3 cyclobutyl ring; or at the 3- or 4-position of a R3C5cycloalkyl (cyclopentyl) or cyclopentenyl ring; or at the 4-position of a R3C6cycloalkyl (cyclohexyl) or cyclohexenyl ring; or at the 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-position of a R3 cycloheptyl or cycloheptenyl ring, or at the 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-position of a R3 cyclooctyl ring (wherein, in this connection, the 1-position of the R3 cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl ring is deemed to be the connection point to the —NH— in formula (I), that is the ring atom connecting to the —NH— in formula (I));
and provided that:
when R3 is optionally substituted C3-8cycloalkyl, then any OH, alkoxy, fluoroalkoxy, —CH2CH2OH or —CH2NHR22 substituent is: at the 3-position of a R3 cyclobutyl ring; or at the 3- or 4-position of a R3C5cycloalkyl (cyclopentyl) ring; or at the 3-, 4- or 5-position of a R3C6cycloalkyl (cyclohexyl) ring; or at the 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-position of a R3 cycloheptyl ring, or at the 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-position of a R3 cyclooctyl ring; and
when R3 is the heterocyclic group of sub-formula (aa), (bb) or (cc), then any OH substituent is: at the 5-position of a six-membered R3 heterocyclic group of sub-formula (cc) wherein n2 is 1; or at the 5- or 6-position of a seven-membered R3 heterocyclic group of sub-formula (cc) wherein n2 is 2; or at the 6-position of a seven-membered R3 heterocyclic group of sub-formula (bb) wherein n1 is 2 (wherein, in this connection, the 1-position of the R3 heterocyclic ring is deemed to be the connection point to the —NH— in formula (I), that is the ring atom connecting to the —NH— in formula (I), and the remaining positions of the ring are then numbered so that the ring heteroatom takes the lowest possible number).
In compounds, for example in the compounds of formula (I) (or formula (IA) or formula (IB), see later), an “alkyl” group or moiety may be straight-chain or branched. Alkyl groups, for example C1-8alkyl or C1-6alkyl or C1-4alkyl or C1-3alkyl or C1-2alkyl, which may be employed include C1-6alkyl or C1-4alkyl or C1-3alkyl or C1-2alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, or n-hexyl or any branched isomers thereof such as isopropyl, t-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, 3-methylbutan-2-yl, 2-ethylbutan-1-yl, or the like.
A corresponding meaning is intended for “alkoxy”, “alkylene”, and like terms derived from alkyl. For example, “alkoxy” such as C1-6alkoxy or C1-4alkoxy or C1-2alkoxy includes methoxy, ethoxy, propyloxy, and oxy derivatives of the alkyls listed above. “Alkylsulfonyl” such as C1-4alkylsulfonyl includes methylsulfonyl (methanesulfonyl), ethylsulfonyl, and others derived from the alkyls listed above. “Alkylsulfonyloxy” such as C1-4alkylsulfonyloxy includes methanesulfonyloxy (methylsulfonyloxy), ethanesulfonyloxy, et al.
“Cycloalkyl”, for example C3-8cycloalkyl, includes cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, and the like. Suitably, a C3-8cycloalkyl group can be C3-6cycloalkyl or C5-6cycloalkyl or C4-7cycloalkyl or C6-7cycloalkyl, that is contains a 3-6 membered or 5-6 membered or 4-7 membered or 6-7 membered carbocyclic ring.
“Fluoroalkyl” includes alkyl groups with one, two, three, four, five or more fluorine substituents, for example C1-4-fluoroalkyl or C1-3-fluoroalkyl or C1-2-fluoroalkyl such as monofluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl (CF3CH2—), 2,2-difluoroethyl (CHF2CH2—), 2-fluoroethyl (CH2FCH2—), etc. “Fluoroalkoxy” includes C1-4fluoroalkoxy or C1-2fluoroalkoxy such as trifluoromethoxy, pentafluoroethoxy, monofluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, etc. “Fluoroalkylsulfonyl” such as C1-4fluoroalkylsulfonyl includes trifluoromethanesulfonyl, pentafluoroethylsulfonyl, etc.
A halogen atom (“halo”) present in compounds, for example in the compounds of formula (I), means a fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine atom (“fluoro”, “chloro”, “bromo” or “iodo”), for example fluoro, chloro or bromo.
When the specification states that atom or moiety A is “bonded” or “attached” to atom or moiety B, it means that atom/moiety A is directly bonded to atom/moiety B usually by means of a covalent bond or a double covalent bond, and excludes A being indirectly attached to B via one or more intermediate atoms/moieties (e.g. excludes A-C-B); unless it is clear from the context that another meaning is intended.
When R1 is C1-3alkyl or C1-3-fluoroalkyl, it can be straight-chained or branched. Where R1 is C1-3alkyl then it can be methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, or isopropyl. When R1 is C1-3fluoroalkyl, then R1 can for example be C1fluoroalkyl such as monofluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl; or R1 can be C2fluoroalkyl such as pentafluoroethyl or more preferably C1fluoroalkyl-CH2— such as 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl (CF3CH2—), 2,2-difluoroethyl (CHF2CH2—), or 2-fluoroethyl (CH2FCH2—).
R1 is C1-3alkyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl or n-propyl), C1-3-fluoroalkyl or —CH2CH2OH. R1 is suitably C1-3alkyl, C1-2fluoroalkyl, or —CH2CH2OH. Preferably, R1 is C2-3alkyl (e.g. ethyl or n-propyl), C2fluoroalkyl (e.g. C1fluoroalkyl-CH2— such as CF3—CH2—) or —CH2CH2OH; in particular ethyl, n-propyl or —CH2CH2OH. More preferably, R1 is C2alkyl (ethyl) or C2fluoroalkyl. R1 is most preferably ethyl.
Preferably, R2 is a hydrogen atom (H) or methyl, for example a hydrogen atom (H).
Preferably, in R3 there is one substituent or no substituent.
In one suitable embodiment, R3 is the optionally substituted C3-8-cycloalkyl or the optionally substituted heterocyclic group of sub-formula (aa), (bb) or (cc).
In one optional embodiment, when R3 is optionally substituted C3-8cycloalkyl, it is not unsubstituted C5cycloalkyl, i.e. not unsubstituted cyclopentyl. In this case, suitably, R3 is optionally substituted C6-8cycloalkyl or optionally substituted cyclobutyl.
When R3 is optionally substituted C3-8cycloalkyl, it is more suitably optionally substituted C6-7cycloalkyl or optionally substituted cyclobutyl, preferably optionally substituted C6cycloalkyl (i.e. optionally substituted cyclohexyl). Suitably, when R3 is optionally substituted C3-8cycloalkyl, then R3 is C3-8cycloalkyl (e.g. C6-7cycloalkyl or cyclobutyl) optionally substituted with one or two substituents independently being oxo (═O); OH; C1alkoxy; C1fluoroalkoxy (e.g. trifluoromethoxy or difluoromethoxy); NHR21 wherein R21 is a hydrogen atom (H) or C1-2alkyl (more preferably R21 is H); C1-2alkyl such as methyl; C1fluoroalkyl such as —CH2F or —CHF2; —CH2OH; —CH2NHR22 wherein R22 is H; —C(O)OR23 wherein R23 is H; —C(O)NHR24 wherein R24 is H or methyl; —C(O)R25 wherein R25 is methyl; fluoro; hydroxyimino (═N—OH); or (C1-4alkoxy)imino such as (C1-2alkoxy)imino (═N—OR26 where R26 is C1-4alkyl such as C1-2alkyl); and wherein any OH, alkoxy, fluoroalkoxy or NHR21 substituent is not substituted at the R3 ring carbon attached (bonded) to the —NH— group of formula (I) and is not substituted at either R3 ring carbon bonded to the Y group of the heterocyclic group (aa), (bb) or (cc).
Preferably, when R3 is optionally substituted C3-8cycloalkyl, then R3 is C3-8cycloalkyl (e.g. C6-7cycloalkyl or cyclobutyl) optionally substituted with one or two substituents independently being oxo (═O); OH; NHR21 wherein R21 is a hydrogen atom (H); C1-2alkyl such as methyl; C1fluoroalkyl such as —CH2F or —CHF2; —C(O)OR23 wherein R23 is H; —C(O)NHR24 wherein R24 is H or methyl (preferably H); —C(O)R25 wherein R25 is methyl; fluoro; hydroxyimino (═N—OH); or (C1-2alkoxy)imino (═N—OR26 where R26 is C1-2alkyl).
More preferably, when R3 is optionally substituted C3-8cycloalkyl, then R3 is C3-8cycloalkyl (e.g. C6-7cycloalkyl or cyclobutyl) optionally substituted with one or two substituents independently being (e.g. one substituent being) oxo (═O); OH; NHR21 wherein R21 is a hydrogen atom (H); methyl; —CH2F; —CHF2; —C(O)OR23 wherein R23 is H; —C(O)NHR24 wherein R24 is H or methyl (preferably H); fluoro; hydroxyimino (═N—OH); or methoxyimino (═N—OR26 where R26 is methyl).
Still more preferably, when R3 is optionally substituted C3-8cycloalkyl, then R3 is C3-8cycloalkyl (e.g. C6-7cycloalkyl or cyclobutyl) optionally substituted with one or two substituents independently being (e.g. one substituent being) oxo (═O); OH; methyl; —C(O)NHR24 wherein R24 is H; fluoro; hydroxyimino (═N—OH); or methoxyimino (═N—OR26 where R26 is methyl).
Yet more preferably, when R3 is optionally substituted C3-8cycloalkyl, then R3 is C3-8cycloalkyl (e.g. C6-7cycloalkyl or cyclobutyl) optionally substituted with one or two substituents independently being (e.g. one substituent being) OH; —C(O)NHR24 wherein R24 is H; oxo (═O) or hydroxyimino (═N—OH).
In one optional embodiment, in R3, the C3-8cycloalkyl can be unsubstituted.
When R3 is optionally substituted C3-8cycloalkyl or optionally substituted C5-7cycloalkenyl, e.g. optionally substituted C5-8cycloalkyl or C5-7cycloalkyl, such as optionally substituted C6cycloalkyl (optionally substituted cyclohexyl) or optionally substituted cyclohexenyl, the one or two optional substituents if present suitably can comprise a substituent (for example is or are substituent(s)) at the 3-, 4- and/or 5-position(s), e.g. at the 3- and/or 4-position(s), of the R3 cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl ring.
(In this connection and generally herein, the 1-position of the R3 ring, e.g. of the R3 cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl ring, is deemed to be the connection point to the —NH— in formula (I)=the ring atom connecting to the —NH— in formula (I)).
Suitably, for R3, and in particular when R3 is optionally substituted C3-8cycloalkyl or optionally substituted C5-7cycloalkenyl, R3 is not substituted (other than optionally by alkyl or fluoroalkyl) at the ring atom connecting to the —NH— in formula (I), and R3 is not substituted (other than optionally by alkyl, fluoroalkyl or NHR21) at the two ring atoms either side of (bonded to) the connecting atom. For example, suitably, for R3, and in particular when R3 is optionally substituted C3-8cycloalkyl or optionally substituted C5-7cycloalkenyl, R3 is not substituted at the ring atom connecting to the —NH— in formula (I), and R3 is not substituted at the two ring atoms either side of (bonded to) the connecting atom.
Suitably, for R3, and in particular when R3 is optionally substituted C3-8cycloalkyl or optionally substituted C5-7cycloalkenyl, the one or two optional R3 substituents if present can comprise a substituent (for example is or are substituent(s)):
(a) at the 3-position of a R3 cyclobutyl ring, or
(b) at the 3- and/or 4-position(s) of a R3 cyclopentyl or cyclopentenyl ring, or
(c) at the 3-, 4- and/or 5-position(s) of a R3 cyclohexyl or cyclohexenyl ring, or
(d) at the 3-, 4-, 5- and/or 6-position(s) of a R3 cycloheptyl or cycloheptenyl ring, or
(e) at the 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- and/or 7-position(s) of a R3 cyclooctyl ring, and/or
(f) at the 1-, 2- and/or highest-numbered-position(s) of a R3 cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl ring, for alkyl or fluoroalkyl substituent(s), and/or
(g) at the 2- and/or highest-numbered-position(s) of a R3 cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl ring, for NHR21 substituent(s).
When R3 is optionally substituted C3-8cycloalkyl, any OH, alkoxy, fluoroalkoxy, —CH2CH2OH or —CH2NHR22 substituent (particularly any OH substituent) is suitably at the 3-, 4- or 5-position, e.g. 3- or 5-position, of the R3 cycloalkyl (e.g. C6-8cycloalkyl) ring. Optionally, any OH, alkoxy, fluoroalkoxy, —CH2CH2OH or —CH2NHR22 substituent (particularly any OH substituent) can be: at the 3-position of a R3 cyclobutyl ring; or at the 3- or 4-position of a R3C5cycloalkyl (cyclopentyl) ring; or at the 3-, 4- or 5-position of a R3C6cycloalkyl (cyclohexyl) ring (e.g. at the 3- or 5-position of a R3 cyclohexyl ring especially for any OH substituent); or at the 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-position of a R3 cycloheptyl ring, or at the 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-position of a R3 cyclooctyl ring. Suitably, any OH, alkoxy, fluoroalkoxy, —CH2CH2OH or —CH2NHR22 substituent (particularly any OH substituent) is at the 3- or 4-position of a R3C5cycloalkyl (cyclopentyl) ring; or more suitably at the 3-, 4- or 5-position, still more suitably at the 3- or 5-position, of a R3C6cycloalkyl (cyclohexyl) ring.
When R3 is optionally substituted C3-8cycloalkyl or optionally substituted C5-7cycloalkenyl, then any —C(O)OR23, —C(O)NHR24, —C(O)R25, —CH2OH or fluoro substituent is: at the 3-position of a R3 cyclobutyl ring; or at the 3- or 4-position of a R3C5cycloalkyl (cyclopentyl) or cyclopentenyl ring; or at the 4-position of a R3C6cycloalkyl (cyclohexyl) or cyclohexenyl ring; or at the 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-position of a R3 cycloheptyl or cycloheptenyl ring, or at the 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-position of a R3 cyclooctyl ring. Any —C(O)OR23, —C(O)NHR24, —C(O)R25, —CH2OH or fluoro substituent, e.g. any —C(O)NHR24 or fluoro substituent, is suitably at the 4-position of a R3C6cycloalkyl (cyclohexyl) or cyclohexenyl ring. It is particularly preferable for any —C(O)NHR24 substituent to be at the 4-position of a R3 cyclohexyl ring.
When R3 is optionally substituted C3-8cycloalkyl, any NHR21 substituent is at any position other than the 1-position (the ring atom connecting to the —NH— in formula (I)), e.g. at the 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-position. Suitably, any NHR21 substituent is at the 2-, 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-position, for example at the 3- or 5-position, of a R3 cyclohexyl ring.
When R3 is optionally substituted C3-8cycloalkyl or optionally substituted C5-7cycloalkenyl, any alkyl or fluoroalkyl substituent can for example be at the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-position, for example at the 1-, 2-, 3-, 5- or 6-position, e.g. the 1-position, of the R3 ring. Preferably, any alkyl or fluoroalkyl substituent is at the 1-, 2-, 3-, 5- or 6-position, or more preferably at the 1-, 3- or 5-position, of a R3 cyclohexyl or cyclohexenyl ring.
When R3 is optionally substituted C3-8cycloalkyl, any oxo (═O), hydroxyimino (═N—OH); or (C1-4alkoxy)imino (═N—OR26) substituent is suitably at the 3-, 4- or 5-position, e.g. at the 4-position, of the R3 cycloalkyl (e.g. C6-8cycloalkyl e.g. cyclohexyl) ring. Preferably any such substituent is at the 4-position of a R3 cyclohexyl ring.
When R3 is optionally substituted C3-8cycloalkyl (e.g. C6-7cycloalkyl), R3 is preferably cyclohexyl (i.e. unsubstituted); or cycloheptyl (i.e. unsubstituted); or cyclohexyl substituted by one substituent being oxo (═O), OH, NHR21, C1-2alkyl, C1-2fluoroalkyl, —CH2OH, —C(O)OR23, —C(O)NHR24, —C(O)R25, fluoro, hydroxyimino (═N—OH), or (C1-4alkoxy)imino (═N—OR26); or cyclohexyl substituted by two fluoro substituents. More preferably, R3 is cyclohexyl (i.e. unsubstituted); or cycloheptyl (i.e. unsubstituted); or cyclohexyl substituted by one substituent being oxo (═O), OH, NHR21, C1-2alkyl, C1-2fluoroalkyl, —C(O)OR23, —C(O)NHR24, fluoro, hydroxyimino (═N—OH), or (C1-2alkoxy)imino (═N—OR26 wherein R26 is C1-2alkyl); or cyclohexyl substituted by two fluoro substituents. Still more preferably R3 is cyclohexyl (i.e. unsubstituted) or cyclohexyl substituted by one oxo (═O), hydroxyimino (═N—OH), —C(O)NH2, methyl or OH substituent. The optional substituent can for example be at the 3- or 4-position of the R3 cyclohexyl ring. Preferably, any OH substituent is preferably at the 3-position of a R3 cyclohexyl ring, and/or any oxo (═O), hydroxyimino (═N—OH), (C1-4alkoxy)imino (═N—OR26) or —C(O)NH2 substituent is preferably at the 4-position of a R3 cyclohexyl ring, and/or any alkyl or fluoroalkyl substituent is preferably at the 1-, 3- or 5-position of a R3 cyclohexyl ring.
Alternatively, when R3 is optionally substituted C3-8cycloalkyl, R3 can suitably be cyclobutyl optionally substituted with one substituent being oxo (═O); OH; NHR21 wherein R21 is a hydrogen atom (H); methyl; —CH2F; —CHF2; —C(O)OR23; —C(O)NHR24 wherein R24 is H or methyl (preferably H); fluoro; hydroxyimino (═N—OH); or methoxyimino (═N—OR26 where R26 is methyl). In this case, preferably R3 is cyclobutyl optionally substituted by one —C(O)NHR24 substituent wherein R24 is H or methyl (preferably H). R3 can for example be cyclobutyl (i.e. unsubstituted) or 3-(aminocarbonyl)cyclobutyl (i.e. 3-(aminocarbonyl)cyclobutan-1-yl) (e.g. in a cis or trans configuration, preferably cis).
When R3 is optionally substituted C6-7cycloalkyl, R3 can for example be 4-hydroxy-cyclohexyl (i.e. 4-hydroxycyclohexan-1-yl), 4-methylcyclohexyl, 2-aminocyclohexyl, or 3-oxocyclohexyl, but R3 is more preferably cyclohexyl (i.e. unsubstituted), cycloheptyl (i.e. unsubstituted), 3-hydroxy-cyclohexyl (i.e. 3-hydroxycyclohexan-1-yl) (e.g. in a cis or trans configuration, preferably cis), 4-oxo-cyclohexyl (i.e. 4-oxocyclohexan-1-yl), 4-(hydroxyimino)cyclohexyl (i.e. 4-(hydroxyimino)cyclohexan-1-yl), 4-(C1-2alkoxyimino)cyclohexyl, 4-(aminocarbonyl)cyclohexyl (i.e. 4-(aminocarbonyl)cyclohexan-1-yl) (e.g. in a cis or trans configuration, preferably cis), 1-methylcyclohexyl, 3-methylcyclohexyl, 4,4-(difluoro)cyclohexyl, or 3-aminocyclohexyl. Alternatively, R3 can preferably be 4-acetylcyclohexyl (e.g. in a cis or trans configuration, preferably cis).
When R3 is optionally substituted C6-7cycloalkyl, R3 is most preferably cyclohexyl (i.e. unsubstituted), 3-hydroxy-cyclohexyl (i.e. 3-hydroxycyclohexan-1-yl) (preferably in a cis configuration), 4-oxo-cyclohexyl (i.e. 4-oxocyclohexan-1-yl), 4-(hydroxyimino)cyclohexyl (i.e. 4-(hydroxyimino)cyclohexan-1-yl), or 4-(aminocarbonyl)cyclohexyl (i.e. 4-(aminocarbonyl)cyclohexan-1-yl) (preferably in a cis configuration).
When R3 is optionally substituted C5cycloalkyl (optionally substituted cyclopentyl), R3 can for example be cyclopentyl (i.e. unsubstituted) or more suitably 3-hydroxy-cyclopentyl.
When R3 is optionally substituted mono-unsaturated-C5-7cycloalkenyl, preferably it is optionally substituted mono-unsaturated-C5-6cycloalkenyl, more preferably optionally substituted mono-unsaturated-C6cycloalkenyl (i.e. optionally substituted mono-unsaturated-cyclohexenyl=optionally substituted cyclohexenyl). For example, the R3 cyclohexenyl can be optionally substituted cyclohex-3-en-1-yl.
When R3 is optionally substituted mono-unsaturated-C5-7cycloalkenyl, in one optional embodiment the R3 cycloalkenyl is optionally substituted with one or two substituents independently being fluoro or methyl. Preferably, in this embodiment, if there are two substituents then they are not both methyl.
In another optional embodiment, the R3 cycloalkenyl (e.g. cyclohexenyl) is optionally substituted with one substituent being fluoro or C1-2alkyl (preferably fluoro or methyl); suitably the R3 cycloalkenyl (e.g. cyclohexenyl) can be substituted with one fluoro substituent or is unsubstituted. For example, the R3 optionally substituted cycloalkenyl can be cyclohex-3-en-1-yl (i.e. unsubstituted) or 4-fluoro-cyclohex-3-en-1-yl.
For R3 cycloalkenyl, the optional substituent(s) can for example be at the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-position(s) of the cycloalkenyl ring.
When R3 is the heterocyclic group of sub-formula (aa), (bb) or (cc), then Y is suitably O or NR10. When R3 is the heterocyclic group of sub-formula (aa) or (bb), then Y is preferably O or N—C(O)—NH2.
Suitably, R10 is a hydrogen atom (H), methyl, ethyl, C(O)NH2, C(O)—C1-2alkyl or C(O)—C1fluoroalkyl. Preferably, R10 is not C1-2alkyl or C1-2fluoroalkyl.
More preferably, R10 is a hydrogen atom (H), C(O)NH2, C(O)—C1-2alkyl (e.g. C(O)methyl) or C(O)—C1fluoroalkyl (e.g. C(O)—CF3). Still more preferably R10 is H, C(O)NH2 or C(O)methyl; for example C(O)NH2.
When R3 is the heterocyclic group of sub-formula (aa), (bb) or (cc), then it is preferable that R3 is the heterocyclic group of sub-formula (aa) or (bb), more preferably of sub-formula (bb).
In sub-formula (bb), n1 is preferably 1. In sub-formula (cc), n2 is preferably 1. That is, six-membered rings are preferred in the R3 heterocyclic group.
Suitably, in R3, the heterocyclic group of sub-formula (aa), (bb) or (cc) can be unsubstituted on a ring carbon. (In this connection, where Y is NR10, R10 is not a substituent on a ring carbon).
In the R3 heterocyclic group of sub-formula (aa), (bb) or (cc), the one or two optional substituents (i.e. the one or two optional ring-carbon substituents) preferably comprise (e.g. is or independently are) OH; oxo (═O); C1-2alkyl (e.g. methyl) or C1-2fluoroalkyl (e.g. C1fluoroalkyl such as —CH2F or —CHF2). More preferably, in the R3 heterocyclic group of sub-formula (aa), (bb) or (cc), the one or two optional substituents comprise (e.g. is or independently are) C1-2alkyl (e.g. methyl) or oxo; most preferably the one or two optional substituents comprise (e.g. is or are) oxo (═O).
In the R3 heterocyclic group of sub-formula (aa), (bb) or (cc), any oxo (═O) substituent is preferably on a carbon atom bonded (adjacent) to Y, e.g. is on a carbon atom bonded (adjacent) to Y only when Y is O or NR10.
In the R3 heterocyclic group of sub-formula (aa), (bb) or (cc), any oxo (═O) substituent can suitably be at the 2-, 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-position of the R3 heterocyclic ring. For example any oxo (═O) substituent(s) can be: at the 2-, 4- or 5-position(s) (e.g. 2-position or 4-position, or two oxo substituents at 2- and 4-positions) of a R3 heterocyclic group of sub-formula (aa), at the 2-, 4-, 5- or 6-position(s) (e.g. 4-position) of a six-membered R3 heterocyclic group of sub-formula (cc) wherein n2 is 1, at the 2-, 3-, 5-, 6- or 7-position(s) (e.g. 5-position) of a seven-membered R3 heterocyclic group of sub-formula (bb) wherein n1 is 2, or at the 2-, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-position(s) (e.g. 2-position) of a seven-membered R3 heterocyclic group of sub-formula (cc) wherein n2 is 2.
(In this connection and generally herein, the 1-position of the R3 heterocyclic ring is deemed to be the connection point to the —NH— in formula (I)=the ring atom connecting to the —NH— in formula (I), and the remaining positions of the ring are then numbered so that the ring heteroatom takes the lowest possible number).
In the R3 heterocyclic group of sub-formula (aa), (bb) or (cc), any alkyl or fluoroalkyl substituent (ring-carbon substituent) can for example be at the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-position, e.g. the 1-position, of the R3 heterocyclic ring, for example at the 1-, 3- or 5-position of a six-membered R3 heterocyclic ring.
In the R3 heterocyclic group of sub-formula (aa), (bb) or (cc), then any OH substituent is: at the 5-position of a six-membered R3 heterocyclic group of sub-formula (cc) wherein n2 is 1; at the 5- or 6-position of a seven-membered R3 heterocyclic group of sub-formula (cc) wherein n2 is 2; or at the 6-position of a seven-membered R3 heterocyclic group of sub-formula (bb) wherein n1 is 2.
Any other optional ring-carbon substituents of the R3 heterocyclic group can optionally be positioned on the R3 heterocyclic ring at numerical positions as described herein for when R3 is optionally substituted C5-7cycloalkyl, all necessary changes to the wording being made.
In the R3 heterocyclic group of sub-formula (aa), (bb) or (cc), preferably, only C1-12alkyl, C1-2fluoroalkyl, fluoro or oxo (═O) substitution or no substitution is allowed independently at each of the 2- and highest-numbered-positions of the R3 heterocyclic ring (e.g. at each of the 2- and 6-positions of a six-membered R3 heterocyclic ring), and/or only C1-2alkyl, C1-2fluoroalkyl or fluoro substitution or no substitution is allowed at the 1-position of the R3 heterocyclic ring.
When R3 is the heterocyclic group of sub-formula (aa) and Y is NR10, then R10 is not C(O)—C1-2alkyl, C(O)—C1fluoroalkyl or —C(O)—CH2O—C1alkyl.
In one preferable embodiment, when R3 is the heterocyclic group of sub-formula (aa) then Y is O, S, SO2, NH or NC(O)NH2 (e.g. O, S, SO2 or NH).
When R3 is the heterocyclic group of sub-formula (bb), n1 is 1, and Y is NR10 (e.g. when NHR3 is
then R10 is not C1-2alkyl or C1-2-fluoroalkyl. When R3 is the heterocyclic group of sub-formula (bb) wherein n1 is 1 or 2 and Y is NR10, then preferably R10 is not C1-2alkyl or C1-2fluoroalkyl.
In one embodiment, when R3 is the heterocyclic group of sub-formula (bb), then preferably Y is O, S, SO2 or NR10 wherein R10 is H, C(O)NH2, C(O)—C1-2alkyl (e.g. C(O)methyl) or C(O)—C1fluoroalkyl (e.g. C(O)—CF3), or more preferably R10 is H, C(O)NH2 or C(O)Me, for example C(O)NH2 or C(O)Me, most preferably C(O)NH2.
When R3 is the heterocyclic group of sub-formula (cc), then Y is O, S, SO2 or NR10 wherein R10 is H.
Optionally, for sub-formula (bb) and/or for sub-formula (cc), Y is O or NR10.
When R3 is optionally substituted C3-8cycloalkyl (e.g. C6-7cycloalkyl) or optionally substituted mono-unsaturated-C5-7cycloalkenyl or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group of sub-formula (aa), (bb) or (cc), then a substituent can be in the cis or trans configuration with respect to the —NH— group of formula (I) to which R3 is attached (bonded); this includes mixtures of configurations wherein the stated configuration is the major component. For example, an OH or —C(O)NHR24 substituent on C6-7cycloalkyl can for example be in the cis configuration and/or a NHR21 substituent on C6-7cycloalkyl can for example be in the cis or trans configuration, with respect to the —NH— group of formula (I) to which R3 is attached (bonded), including mixtures of configurations wherein the stated configuration is the major component.
When R3 is a bicyclic group of sub-formula (ee), then preferably Y1, Y2 and Y3 are all CH2.
Preferably, NHR3 is of sub-formula (a), (a1), (b), (c), (c1), (c2), (c3), (c4), (c5), (c6), (c7), (d), (e), (f), (g), (g1), (g2), (g3), (g4), (h), (i), (j), (k), (k1), (k2), (L), (m), (m1), (m2), (m3), (n), (O), (o1), (o2), (o3), (p), (p1), (p2), (p3), (p4), (p5), (p6), (p9), (p10), (p11) or (q):
In the sub-formulae (a) to (q) etc above, the —NH— connection point of the NHR3 group to the 4-position of the pyrazolopyridine of formula (I) is underlined.
Preferably, NHR3 is of sub-formula (c), (c1), (c2), (c3), (c4), (c5), (c6), (c7), (d), (e), (f), (g1), (g4), (h), (i), (j), (k), (k1), (k2), (L), (m), (m1), (m2), (m3), (n), (O), (o1), (o2), (o3), (p), (p2), (p5), (p6), (p9), (p 10), (p11) or (q); or preferably NHR3 is of sub-formula (a1), (c), (c1), (c2), (c3), (c4), (c5), (c6), (c7), (d), (e), (f), (g1), (g4), (h), (i), (j), (k), (k1), (k2), (L), (m), (m1), (m3), (n), (O), (o1), (o2), (o3), (p), (p1), (p2), (p5), (p6), (p9), (p10), (p11) or (q).
More preferably, NHR3 is of sub-formula (c), (c1), (c4), (c5), (h), (i), (j), (k), (k2), (m1), (n), (O), (o2), (o3), (p2), (p5), (p6), (p9), (p11) or (q). NHR3 can for example be of sub-formula (c), (h), (k), (k2), (n), (O), (o2), (p9) or (p11); or still more preferably (c), (h), (k2), (n), (O), (o2), (p9) or (p11). Most preferably, R3 is tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl or 1-(aminocarbonyl)-4-piperidinyl; that is NHR3 is most preferably of sub-formula (h) or (k2), as shown above.
When NHR3 is of sub-formula (n), then it can be in the trans configuration; but preferably it is in the cis configuration, i.e. preferably it is a cis-(3-hydroxycyclohexan-1-yl)amino group (including mixtures of configurations wherein the cis configuration is the major component), e.g. in any enantiomeric form or mixture of forms such as a racemic mixture.
When NHR3 is of sub-formula (p9), then it can be in the trans configuration; but preferably it is in the cis configuration, i.e. preferably it is a cis-[4-(aminocarbonyl)cyclohexan-1-yl]amino group (including mixtures of configurations wherein the cis configuration is the major component).
In an alternative preferable embodiment, NHR3 is of sub-formula (p12) or (p13):
In the sub-formulae (p12) and (p13) above, the —NH— connection point of the NHR3 group to the 4-position of the pyrazolopyridine of formula (I) is underlined.
When NHR3 is of sub-formula (p12) or (p13), then it can be in the trans configuration; but preferably it is in the cis configuration, i.e. preferably NHR3 is a cis-[4-acetylcyclohexan-1-yl]amino group or a cis-[3-(aminocarbonyl)cyclobutan-1-yl]amino group respectively (each including mixtures of configurations wherein the cis configuration is the major component).
Where R4 is C1-2fluoroalkyl, then it can be C1fluoroalkyl such as monofluoromethyl, difluoromethyl or trifluoromethyl.
R4a can suitably be a hydrogen atom (H) or methyl (Me), more suitably H.
R4 can for example be a hydrogen atom (H); methyl, ethyl, C1fluoroalkyl, —CH2OH, —CH(Me)OH, —CH2CH2OH, or —CH2OMe; or preferably a hydrogen atom (H), methyl, ethyl, CF3, —CH2OH, or —CH2OMe. More preferably, R4 is methyl, ethyl, CF3, —CH2OH, or —CH2OMe; for example methyl, ethyl, CF3 or —CH2OH. Still more preferably, R4 is methyl or ethyl. Most preferably, R4 is ethyl.
Suitably, R4 is not a hydrogen atom (H), and more suitably R5 is a hydrogen atom (H).
When R5 is C1-4alkyl substituted by one substituent R11 or R5 is C2-4alkyl (e.g. ethyl or n-propyl) substituted on different carbon atoms by two OH substituents, then suitably R5 is C1-4alkyl substituted by one substituent R11.
When R5 is C1-4alkyl substituted by one substituent R11, it is suitable that R5 is C1-3alkyl (e.g. C1-2alkyl) substituted by one substituent R11. Suitably, R5 is —(CH2)n5—R11 wherein n5 is 1, 2, 3 or 4 or R5 is —CH(Me)-R11. Preferably n5 is 1, 2 or 3, more preferably 1 or 2, still more preferably 1.
Suitably, R11 is: hydroxy (OH); C1-4alkoxy or C1-2alkoxy (such as t-butyloxy, ethoxy or preferably methoxy); C1fluoroalkoxy; —NR12R13; —NR15—C(O)R16; or —NR15—S(O)2R16. More suitably, R11 is hydroxy (OH), C1-4alkoxy (e.g. C1-2alkoxy), or —NR12R13; still more suitably OH, ethoxy, methoxy, NH2, NHMe, NHEt, NMe2, pyrrolidin-1-yl or piperidin-1-yl; preferably OH, methoxy, NH2, NHMe or NMe2.
Where R5 is C1-8alkyl, then suitably it is C1-6alkyl or C1-5alkyl or C1-4alkyl or C1-3alkyl. Where R5 is C1-3-fluoroalkyl then suitably it is C1-2fluoroalkyl or C1fluoroalkyl such as monofluoromethyl, difluoromethyl or trifluoromethyl. Where R5 is C3-8cycloalkyl optionally substituted by a C1-2alkyl group, then optionally the C3-8cycloalkyl is not substituted at the connecting ring-carbon. Where R5 is optionally substituted C3-8cycloalkyl, then suitably it is C3-8cycloalkyl (i.e. unsubstituted) and/or optionally substituted C3-6cycloalkyl such as optionally substituted cyclopropyl or optionally substituted cyclohexyl.
When R5 is optionally substituted —(CH2)n4—C3-8cycloalkyl, then n4 is preferably 1, and/or suitably R5 is optionally substituted —(CH2)n4—C3-6cycloalkyl such as optionally substituted —(CH2)n4-cyclopropyl or optionally substituted —(CH2)n4—C6cycloalkyl. When R5 is optionally substituted —(CH2)n4—C3-8cycloalkyl, preferably it is not substituted. For example, R5 can be (cyclohexyl)methyl-, that is —CH2-cyclohexyl, or —CH2-cyclopropyl.
When R19 is C1-2alkyl, then optionally it can be methyl.
When R5 is —(CH2)n11—C(O)R16; —(CH2)n11—C(O)NR12R13; —CHR19—C(O)NR12R13; —(CH2)n11—C(O)OR16; —(CH2)n11—C(O)OH; —CHR19—C(O)OR16; —CHR19—C(O)OH; —(CH2)n11—S(O)2—NR12R13; —(CH2)n11—S(O)2R16; or —(CH2)n11—CN; then R5 can suitably be —(CH2)n11—C(O)NR12R13; —(CH2)n11—C(O)OR16; —(CH2)n11—C(O)OH; or —(CH2)n11—CN; or R5 can more suitably be —(CH2)n11—C(O)NR12R13; —(CH2)n11—C(O)OR16 or —(CH2)n11—CN; or preferably —(CH2)n11—C(O)NR12R13 or —(CH2)n11—C(O)OR16.
Preferably, n11 is 0, 1 or 2. In one optional embodiment n11 is 0 or 1, for example 0. In a suitable embodiment, n11 is 2.
When R5 is —(CH2)n13-Het, n13 can for example be 0 or 1.
Suitably, Het is a 5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic ring, and/or preferably Het is a 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered saturated heterocyclic ring. Suitably, the heterocyclic ring Het contains one ring-hetero-atom selected from O, S and N. Suitably, the carbon ring-atoms in Het are not substituted. Het can for example be:
When R5 is phenyl (Ph), —CH2-Ph, —CHMe-Ph, —CHEt-Ph, CMe2Ph, or —CH2CH2-Ph, wherein the phenyl ring Ph is optionally substituted, then suitably Ph is optionally substituted with one of the substituents defined herein. Preferably, R5 is phenyl (Ph) or —CH2-Ph wherein the phenyl ring Ph is optionally substituted with one or two substituents as defined herein.
When R5 is phenyl (Ph), —CH2-Ph, —CHMe-Ph, —CHEt-Ph, CMe2Ph, or —CH2CH2-Ph, wherein the phenyl ring Ph is optionally substituted with one or two substituents, then preferably the phenyl ring Ph is optionally substituted with one or two (e.g. one) substituents independently being: fluoro; chloro; C1-2alkyl (e.g. methyl); C1fluoroalkyl (e.g. trifluoromethyl); C1-2alkoxy (e.g. methoxy); or C1fluoroalkoxy (e.g. trifluoromethoxy or difluoromethoxy). Ph can be unsubstituted.
When R4 and R5 taken together are —(CH2)p1— or —(CH2)p3—X5—(CH2)p4—, in which X5 is O or NR17a; then preferably R4 and R5 taken together are —(CH2)p1—. In one embodiment of the invention, R4 and R5 are not taken together to be either —(CH2)p1— or —(CH2)p3—X5—(CH2)p4—.
When R4 and R5 taken together are —(CH2)p1—, then p1 can for example be 2, 4, 5 or 6. p1 is preferably 2, 4 or 5, more preferably 2 or 4.
When R4 and R5 taken together are —(CH2)p3—X5—(CH2)p4—, in which X5 is O or NR17a; then suitably: p3 is 2, and/or p4 is 2, and/or one of p3 and p4 is 1 and the other of p3 and p4 is 2, and/or p3 and p4 are both 1. Suitably, X5 is O. —(CH2)p3—X5—(CH2)p4— can for example be —(CH2)2—O—(CH2)2—.
In one embodiment of the invention, R4 and R5 are not taken together as —(CH2)p1— or —(CH2)p3—X5—(CH2)p4—.
It is preferable that Ar has the sub-formula (x).
Preferably, in sub-formula (x), two or more (more preferably three or more) of A, B, D, E and F are independently C—H (carbon-hydrogen), C—F (carbon-fluorine) or nitrogen (N).
Suitably, in sub-formula (x), three or more of A, B, D, E and F are independently C—H (carbon-hydrogen), C—F (carbon-fluorine), nitrogen (N), or nitrogen-oxide (N+—O−).
Preferably, in sub-formula (x), two or more (e.g. three or more) of A, B, D, E and F are independently C—H (carbon-hydrogen), C—F (carbon-fluorine), or nitrogen (N); and one or more (e.g. two or more) others of A, B, D, E and F are independently C—H (carbon-hydrogen), C—F (carbon-fluorine), C—Cl (carbon-chlorine), C-Me, C—OMe, or nitrogen (N). More preferably, in sub-formula (x), two or more (e.g. three or more) of A, B, D, E and F are C—H (carbon-hydrogen); and one or more (e.g. two or more) others of A, B, D, E and F are independently C—H (carbon-hydrogen), C—F (carbon-fluorine), C—Cl (carbon-chlorine), C-Me, C—OMe, or nitrogen (N).
Preferably, in sub-formula (x), two or more (e.g. three or more, e.g. four or more) of A, B, D, E and F are C—H.
Preferably, in sub-formula (x), no more than one (more preferably none) of A, B, D, E and F are independently nitrogen or nitrogen-oxide (N+—O−).
Preferably, in sub-formula (x), none of A, B, D, E and F are nitrogen-oxide (N+—O−). Preferably, Ar has the sub-formula (x) which is sub-formula (x1), (x2), (x3), (x4), (x5), (x6), (x7), (x8), (x9), (x10), (x11), (x12), (x12a), (x13), (x14), (x15) or (x16):
In one preferable embodiment, Ar has the sub-formula (x) which is sub-formula (x1), (x2), (x3), (x4), (x5), (x6), (x7), (x8), (x9), (x10), (x11), (x12), (x13), (x14), (x15) or (x16).
More preferably, Ar has the sub-formula (x) which is sub-formula (x1), (x2), (x3), (x8), (×13), or (×14). Still more preferably, Ar has the sub-formula (x) which is sub-formula (x1), (x8), (x13), or (x14). Most preferably, Ar has the sub-formula (x) which is sub-formula (x1).
In sub-formula (x), preferably, R6A, R6B, R6D, R6E and/or R6F, independently of each other, is or are: a hydrogen atom (H), a fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine atom, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, C4alkyl, trifluoromethyl, —CH2OH, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, C1fluoroalkoxy (e.g. trifluoromethoxy or difluoromethoxy), cyclohexyloxy; cyclopentyloxy; nitro (—NO2), OH, C1-3alkylS(O)2— (such as MeS(O)2—), C1-3alkylS(O)2—NH— such as Me-S(O)2—NH—, Me2N—S(O)2—, H2N—S(O)2—, —CONH2, —CONHMe, —C(O)OH, cyano (—CN), NMe2, or C1-2alkyl-S(O)2—CH2— such as Me-S(O)2—CH2—.
More preferably, R6A, R6B, R6D, R6E and/or R6F, independently of each other, is or are: a hydrogen atom (H), a fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine atom, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, trifluoromethyl, —CH2OH, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, C1fluoroalkoxy (e.g. trifluoromethoxy or difluoromethoxy), nitro (—NO2), OH, C1-3alkylS(O)2— such as MeS(O)2—, C1-2alkylS(O)2—NH— such as Me-S(O)2—NH—, —CONH2, cyano (—CN), or C1-2alkylS(O)2—CH2— such as Me-S(O)2—CH2.
Still more preferably, R6A, R6B, R6D, R6E and/or R6F, independently of each other, is or are: a hydrogen atom (H), a fluorine, chlorine or bromine atom, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, trifluoromethyl, —CH2OH, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, difluoromethoxy, OH or MeS(O)2—.
When two adjacent groups selected from R6A, R6B, R6D, R6E and R6F are taken together, then, preferably, when taken together they are: —CH═CH—CH═CH—, —(CH2)n14a— where n14a is 3, 4 or 5 (e.g. 3 or 4), —O—(CMe2)—O—, —O—(CH2)n14b—O—where n14b is 1 or 2; —CH═CH—NR15b—; —N═CH—NR15b—; —N═N—NR15b wherein R15b is H or C1-2alkyl (preferably R15b is H). More preferably, in this embodiment, two adjacent groups selected from R6A, R6B, R6D, R6E and R6F are taken together and are: —CH═CH—CH═CH2— or —(CH2)n14a— where n14a is 3, 4 or 5 (e.g. 3 or 4).
In sub-formula (x), e.g. in sub-formula (x1), suitably, one, two or three of R6B, R6D and R6E are other than a hydrogen atom (H).
In sub-formula (x), e.g. in sub-formula (x1), suitably, one or both of R6A and R6F are independently a hydrogen atom (H), a fluorine atom (F), or methyl. For example, one or both of R6A and R6F can be a hydrogen atom (H).
In sub-formula (x), e.g. in sub-formula (x1), suitably the ring or ring system is unsubstituted, monosubstituted, disubstituted or trisubstituted; or preferably the ring or ring system is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or disubstituted; more preferably monosubstituted or disubstituted. In sub-formula (x), e.g. in sub-formula (x1), for monosubstitution of the ring or ring system, then the one substituent selected from R6A, R6B, R6D, R6E and R6F is suitably present at the 3- or 4-position with respect to the —(CR4R5)— side-chain (i.e., for a 4-position substituent, D is CR6D where R6D is other than H), or is a 2-methyl, 2-ethyl, 2-fluoro or 2-chloro substituent. In sub-formula (x), e.g. in sub-formula (x1), for disubstitution of the ring or ring system, then 3,4-disubstitution, 2,4-disubstitution, 2,3-disubstitution or 3,5-disubstitution is suitable. In sub-formula (x), 2,5-disubstitution is also suitable.
In one preferable embodiment, Ar has the sub-formula (x1) and is: phenyl, monoalkyl-phenyl-, mono(fluoroalkyl)-phenyl-, monohalo-phenyl-, monoalkoxy-phenyl-, mono(fluoroalkoxy)-phenyl-, mono(N,N-dimethylamino)-phenyl-, mono(methyl-SO2—NH—)-phenyl-, mono(methyl-SO2—)-phenyl-, dialkyl-phenyl-, monoalkyl-monohalo-phenyl-, mono(fluoroalkyl)-monohalo-phenyl-, dihalo-phenyl-, dihalo-monoalkyl-phenyl-, dihalo-mono(hydroxymethyl)-phenyl- (e.g. 2,3-dichloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)-phenyl-), or dialkoxy-phenyl- such as 3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl-. The substituents can preferably be further defined, as defined in preferable embodiments herein.
In one preferable embodiment, Ar is of sub-formula (x1) and is: monoalkyl-phenyl-, mono(fluoroalkyl)-phenyl-, monohalo-phenyl-, monoalkoxy-phenyl-, mono(fluoroalkoxy)-phenyl-, dialkyl-phenyl-, monoalkyl-monohalo-phenyl-, dihalo-phenyl- or dihalo-monoalkyl-phenyl-.
More preferably, in this embodiment, Ar is:
monoC1-4alkyl-phenyl- or monoC1-3alkyl-phenyl- such as 4-C1-4alkyl-phenyl- (e.g. 4-C1-3 alkyl-phenyl-) or 2-C1-12alkyl-phenyl-;
monoC1fluoroalkyl-phenyl- such as 4-C1fluoroalkyl-phenyl-;
monoC1-3alkoxy-phenyl- such as 4-C1-3alkoxy-phenyl- or 3-C1-3alkoxy-phenyl-;
mono(C1fluoroalkoxy)-phenyl- such as 4-C1fluoroalkoxy-phenyl-;
diC1-3alkyl-phenyl- or diC1-2alkyl-phenyl- or dimethyl-phenyl- such as 3,4-dimethyl-phenyl-, 2,4-dimethyl-phenyl-, 3,5-dimethyl-phenyl-, 2,3-dimethyl-phenyl- or 2,5-dimethyl-phenyl-; for example 3,4-dimethyl-phenyl-, 2,4-dimethyl-phenyl-, 2,3-dimethyl-phenyl- or 3,5-dimethyl-phenyl-;
monoC1-3 alkyl-monohalo-phenyl-, such as monoC1-2alkyl-monohalo-phenyl- and/or monoC1-3 alkyl-monochloro-phenyl- or monoC1-3 alkyl-monofluoro-phenyl-, for example 4-methyl-3-chloro-phenyl-, 3-methyl-4-chloro-phenyl-, or 2-methyl-4-chloro-phenyl-;
dihalo-phenyl- such as 2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl- or 2,4-difluoro-phenyl- or 4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl- or preferably 4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl-; for example dichloro-phenyl-such as 3,4-dichloro-phenyl- or 2,4-dichloro-phenyl- or 2,6-dichloro-phenyl- or preferably 2,3-dichloro-phenyl-; or
dihalo-monoC1-2alkyl-phenyl- e.g. 2,4-dichloro-6-methyl-phenyl-.
In an alternative preferable embodiment, Ar has the sub-formula (x1) and is triC1-2alkyl-phenyl- such as trimethylphenyl-, e.g. 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-.
In an alternative embodiment, Ar has the sub-formula (z).
Preferably, in sub-formula (z), three or more (for example all) of J, L, M and Q are independently C—H, C—F, C—C1-2alkyl (e.g. C-Me), C—[connection point to formula (I)], or nitrogen (N).
Preferably, in sub-formula (z), no more than two (for example no more than one) of J, L, M and Q are nitrogen (N).
Suitably, Q is C-[connection point to formula (I)].
Suitably, R9 is a hydrogen atom (H) or methyl.
Suitably, R6J, R6L, R6M and/or R6Q independently is or are: a hydrogen atom (H); fluoro; chloro; C1-2alkyl (e.g. methyl); C1fluoroalkyl (e.g. CF3); C1-2alkoxy (methoxy); C1fluoroalkoxy (e.g. CF2HO—); OH (including any tautomer thereof); or phenyl optionally substituted by one substituent being fluoro, methyl, C1fluoroalkyl, methoxy or C1fluoroalkoxy. More suitably, R6J, R6L, R6M and/or R6Q independently is or are H, OH (including any keto tautomer thereof), or more preferably C1-2alkyl (e.g. methyl) or C1fluoroalkyl.
When Ar has the sub-formula (z), then sub-formula (z) can suitably be one of the following:
Suitably, R7a is H or C1-2alkyl, more suitably H or methyl. Suitably, R8a is H.
Preferably, R7 and/or R8 are independently a hydrogen atom (H); C1-12alkyl such as methyl; C3-6cycloalkyl; or phenyl optionally substituted by one or two (e.g. one) substituents independently being: fluoro, chloro, C1-2alkyl, C1fluoroalkyl, C1-2alkoxy or C1fluoroalkoxy; or R7 and R8 together are —(CH2)n6— or —(CH2)n8—X7—(CH2)n9— wherein X7 is NR14 or preferably O.
When R7 is cycloalkyl or optionally substituted phenyl, then preferably R8 is neither cycloalkyl nor optionally substituted phenyl. In this case, R8 can for example be H.
More preferably, R7 and/or R8 independently are a hydrogen atom (H) or C1-2alkyl. It is preferable that R8 is a hydrogen atom (H).
Preferably n6 is 4 or 5. Preferably n7 is 3 or 4. Preferably, n8, n9 and/or n10 independently is/are 2.
Preferably, R12 and/or R13 independently are H; C1-2alkyl such as methyl; C3-6cycloalkyl; or phenyl optionally substituted by one or two (e.g. one) substituents independently being: fluoro, chloro, C1-2alkyl, C1fluoroalkyl, C1-2alkoxy or C1fluoroalkoxy; or R12 and R13 together are —(CH2)n6a— or —(CH2)n8a—X12—(CH2)n9a— in which X12 is NR14a or preferably O.
When R12 is cycloalkyl or optionally substituted phenyl, then preferably R13 is neither cycloalkyl nor optionally substituted phenyl. In this case, R13 can for example be H.
More preferably, R12 and/or R13 independently are a hydrogen atom (H) or C1-2alkyl.
It is preferable that R13 is a hydrogen atom (H).
Preferably n6a is 4 or 5. Preferably n7a is 3 or 4. Preferably, n8a, n9a and/or n10a independently is/are 2.
In one embodiment of the invention, NR7R8 and/or NR12R13 can for example independently be
(i.e. R12 and R13 together are —(CH2)2—N(R14)—(CH2)2—, or R7 and R8 together are —(CH2)2—N(R14a)—(CH2)2— respectively), or
(i.e. R12 and R13 together or R7 and R8 together are —(CH2)2—O—(CH2)2—), or NMe2.
Suitably, R14, R14a, R17 and/or R17a independently are: a hydrogen atom (H); C1-2alkyl; C1fluoroalkyl (e.g. CF3); —C(O)Me; —C(O)NH2; or —S(O)2Me. More suitably,
R14, R14a, R17 and/or R17a independently is/are: H, C1-2alkyl, or —C(O)Me; or for example H or C1-2alkyl.
Suitably, R15 is a hydrogen atom (H) or C1-4alkyl (e.g. tBu or C1-2alkyl e.g. methyl); more suitably, R15 is a hydrogen atom (H).
Where R15a, independent of other R15a, is a hydrogen atom (H) or C1-4alkyl, it can for example be H, tBu or C1-2alkyl such as methyl. Suitably, R15a, independent of other R15a, is H or C1-2alkyl, more preferably H.
Preferably, R15b is H.
Suitably, R16 is C1-4alkyl (e.g. C1-2alkyl) or C3-6cycloalkyl (e.g. C5-6cycloalkyl); more suitably R16 is C1-4alkyl (e.g. C1-2alkyl).
Suitably, R16a is:
C1-4alkyl (e.g. C1-2alkyl);
C3-6cycloalkyl (e.g. C5-6cycloalkyl) optionally substituted by one oxo (═O), OH or methyl substituent (e.g. optionally substituted at the 3- or 4-position of a C5-6cycloalkyl ring; and/or preferably unsubstituted C3-6cycloalkyl);
C3-6cycloalkyl-CH2— (e.g. C5-6cycloalkyl-CH2—);
pyridinyl (e.g. pyridin-2-yl) optionally substituted on a ring carbon atom by one of: a halogen atom, C1-2alkyl, C1fluoroalkyl, C1-2alkoxy or C1fluoroalkoxy;
phenyl optionally substituted by one or two substituents independently being: a halogen atom, C1-12alkyl, C1fluoroalkyl, C1-2alkoxy or C1fluoroalkoxy;
benzyl optionally substituted on its ring by one or two substituents independently being: a halogen atom, C1-12alkyl, C1fluoroalkyl, C1-2alkoxy or C1fluoroalkoxy; or
a 5- or 6-membered saturated heterocyclic ring connected at a ring-carbon and containing one or two ring-hetero-atoms independently selected from O, S, and N; wherein any ring-nitrogens which are present are present as NR27 where R27 is H, C1-2alkyl or —C(O)Me (preferably H or C1-2alkyl); and wherein the ring is not substituted at carbon.
Preferably, R16a is: C1-4alkyl (e.g. C1-2alkyl); unsubstituted C3-6cycloalkyl (e.g. unsubstituted C5-6cycloalkyl); phenyl optionally substituted by one or two substituents independently being: a halogen atom, C1-2alkyl, C1fluoroalkyl, C1-2alkoxy or C1fluoroalkoxy; or benzyl optionally substituted on its ring by one or two substituents independently being: a halogen atom, C1-2alkyl, C1fluoroalkyl, C1-2alkoxy or C1fluoroalkoxy. Preferably, R16a is C1-4alkyl (e.g. C1-2alkyl).
Suitably, R30, independent of other R30, is a hydrogen atom (H) or C1-4alkyl, for example H, t-butyl or C1-2alkyl.
Preferably, the compound of formula (I) or the salt thereof is racemic at the carbon atom bearing the R4 and R5 groups, or (more preferably) the compound of formula (I) or the salt thereof is a compound of formula (IA) or a salt thereof:
Formula (IA) means that more than 50% of the compound or salt present has the stereochemistry shown at the carbon atom bearing the R4 and R5 groups.
In Formula (IA), on a molarity basis, preferably 70% or more, more preferably 75% or more, still more preferably 85% or more, yet more preferably 90% or more, for example 95% or more such as 98% or more, of the compound or salt present has the stereochemistry shown at the carbon atom bearing the R4 and R5 groups.
Preferably, in Formula (IA), the stereochemistry at the carbon atom bearing the R4 and R5 groups is such that there is an enantiomeric excess (e.e.) of 50% or more at the carbon atom bearing the R4 and R5 groups (ignoring the stereochemistry at any other carbon atoms). More preferably, the enantiomeric excess (e.e.) is 70% or more or 80% or more, still more preferably 90% or more, yet more preferably 95% or more, at the carbon atom bearing the R4 and R5 groups (ignoring the stereochemistry at any other carbon atoms).
“Enantiomeric excess” (e.e.) is defined as the percentage of the major isomer present minus the percentage of the minor isomer present. For example, if 95% of major isomer is present and 5% of the minor isomer is present, then the e.e. would be 90%.
In formula (IA), it is preferable that R4 is not a hydrogen atom (H). In formula (IA), more preferably R4 is methyl, ethyl, C1fluoroalkyl (such as CF3), —CH2OH, or —CH2OMe; still more preferably R4 is methyl, ethyl, CF3 or —CH2OH; yet more preferably R4 is methyl or ethyl; and most preferably R4 is ethyl.
In formula (IA), it is particularly preferable that R5 is a hydrogen atom (H) and R4 is not a hydrogen atom (H). In formula (IA), it is more preferable that R5 is a hydrogen atom (H); and R4 is methyl, ethyl, C1fluoroalkyl (such as CF3), —CH2OH, or —CH2OMe (e.g. methyl, ethyl, CF3 or —CH2OH). In formula (IA), it is most preferable that R5 is a hydrogen atom (H); and R4 is methyl or ethyl (preferably ethyl).
In formula (IA), when R4 is not a hydrogen atom (H), and optionally when R5 is a hydrogen atom (H), it is particularly preferable that Ar, such as having sub-formula (x1), is a monocycle. That is, in formula (IA) and when R4 is not a hydrogen atom (H), it is particularly preferable that two adjacent groups selected from R6A, R6B, R6D, R6E and R6F are not taken together to form part of a second ring.
The Examples 1, 8, 24, 28, 63, 127, 129, 174, and 178 disclosed herein, having and/or believed to have the formula (IA) wherein R5 is H, and wherein R4 is methyl, ethyl, —CH2OH, or —CH2OMe, and wherein Ar is a monocycle, generally have greater PDE4B inhibitory activity than the comparable Examples 6, 7, 29, 26, 64, 126, 124, 170, and 177 which have and/or are believed to have the opposite stereochemistry (including a majority of the opposite stereochemistry) at the CR4R5 (benzylic) carbon atom.
In an especially preferable embodiment, HN—CR4R5—Ar is the HN—CR4R5—Ar group as defined in any one of Examples 1 to 314 and/or as defined in any one of Examples 315 to 382.
It is particularly preferred that the compound of formula (I) or the salt thereof is:
The structures of the above-listed specific compounds, or embodiments thereof, are given in Examples 1 to 314A hereinafter.
It is particularly preferred that the compound of formula (I) or the salt thereof is one of Examples 1 to 314 or Example 314A, as a compound or a salt thereof, e.g. a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The structures of these specific compounds, or embodiments thereof, are given in Examples 1 to 314 hereinafter, and their names are given in the Examples section.
In one embodiment, is still further preferred that the compound of formula (I) or the salt thereof is a compound of Example 73, 98, 283, 304, 306, 307, 310 or 311 (or is a compound of Example 75), as defined by the structures and/or names described herein, or a salt thereof, e.g. a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The structures and names of these Examples are described in the Examples section. These Examples can for example be for inhaled administration e.g. to a mammal such as a human, and/or can be contained in a pharmaceutical composition suitable and/or adapted for inhaled administration, and/or can be in a particle-size-reduced form (e.g. in a size-reduced form obtained or obtainable by micronisation, e.g. see “Particle size reduction” section below).
In an alternative preferable embodiment, the compound of formula (I) or the salt thereof is:
The structures of the above specific compounds, or embodiments thereof, are given in Examples 315 to 372 and Examples 374 to 382 hereinafter, and their names are given in the Examples section.
In a preferred embodiment of the above list of compounds (Examples 315 to 372 and Examples 374 to 382), it is further preferred that the compound of formula (I) or the salt thereof is a compound of Example 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 351, 352, or 353, as defined by the structures and/or names described herein, or a salt thereof, e.g. a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Of these, Examples 316-333, 335, 338-345, and 351-353, are believed to consist essentially of an enantiomer which is believed to have the (R)-stereochemistry at the benzylic carbon atom. It is still further preferred that the compound of formula (I) or the salt thereof is a compound of Example 316, 321, 324, 326, 327, 328, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 343, 344 or 345, as defined by the structures and/or names described herein, or a salt thereof, e.g. a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The structures and names of these Examples are described in the Examples section.
In a preferred embodiment of the above list of compounds (Examples 315 to 372 and Examples 374 to 382), is yet further preferred that the compound of formula (I) or the salt thereof is:
Example 333 is believed to consist essentially of an enantiomer which is believed to have the (R)-stereochemistry at the benzylic carbon atom. See Example 333 below for the believed structure. Example 333 or a salt thereof can for example be for inhaled administration e.g. to a mammal such as human, and/or can be contained in a pharmaceutical composition suitable and/or adapted for inhaled administration, and/or can be in a particle-size-reduced form (e.g. in a size-reduced form obtained or obtainable by micronisation, e.g. see “Particle size reduction” section below).
According to one optional embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (I) or salt thereof can be a compound of Formula (XXVIII) or a salt thereof:
wherein:
RX1 is a hydrogen atom (H), C1-2alkyl or C1fluoroalkyl (preferably H);
RY1 is a hydrogen atom (H) or C1-2alkyl;
RY2 is a hydrogen atom (H); C1-3alkyl (e.g. C1-2alkyl or methyl); or —(CH2)n7aa—OH;
wherein n7aa is 1, 2 or 3; and
RX2 is ArA, wherein:
(i) ArA is phenyl optionally substituted by one or two substituents independently being: fluoro, chloro, bromo, C1-2alkyl, C1-2-fluoroalkyl, C1-2alkoxy, C1-2fluoroalkoxy; OH; —NR11aaR1bb (wherein R11aa is H or C1-2alkyl and R11bb is H, C1-2alkyl, —C(O)—C1-2alkyl or —S(O)2—C1-2alkyl); cyano; —C(O)—NR11ccR11dd (wherein R11cc and R11dd independently are H or C1-2alkyl); —C(O)—OR11ee wherein
R11ee is H or C1-2alkyl; or —S(O)2—R11ff (wherein R11ff is C1-2alkyl, NH2, NHMe or NMe2); or the phenyl ArA is optionally substituted at two adjacent Ar ring atoms by the two ends of a chain which is: —(CH2)4—, —(CH2)3—, or —CH═CH—CH═CH—; or
(ii) ArA is an optionally substituted 5-membered heterocyclic aromatic ring containing 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms (e.g. 1, 2 or 3 heteroatoms) selected from O, N or S; and wherein when the heterocyclic aromatic ring ArA contains 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms (e.g. 2 or 3 heteroatoms), one is selected from O, N and S and the remaining heteroatom(s) are N; and wherein the heterocyclic aromatic ring ArA is optionally substituted by one or two groups independently being C1-4alkyl (e.g. C1-2alkyl) or OH (including any keto tautomer of an OH-substituted aromatic ring).
A compound of formula (XXVIII) can suitably be:
These three compounds are:
These three compounds are disclosed as Intermediates 42, 43 and 46 respectively in copending international patent application PCT/EP2003/014867 (═PCT/EP03/14867), filed on 19 Dec. 2003 in the name of Glaxo Group Limited and published on 8 Jul. 2004 as WO 2004/056823 A1, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference. The compounds of Formula (XXVIII) are also disclosed in PCT/EP2003/014867 (e.g. see page 59 thereof) and are incorporated herein by reference.
According to an alternative optional embodiment of the invention, the compound of formula (I) or salt thereof is not a compound of Formula (XXVIII) or a salt thereof.
A further aspect of the present invention provides a compound of formula (IB) or a salt thereof (in particular, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof):
wherein:
R1a is C2-3alkyl, C2fluoroalkyl or —CH2CH2OH;
R2a is a hydrogen atom (H) or methyl;
NHR3a is of sub-formula (p14), in which the —NH— connection point of the NHR3a group to the 4-position of the pyrazolopyridine of formula (IB) is underlined:
R4aa is methyl, ethyl, C1fluoroalkyl (such as CF3), —CH2OH, or —CH2OMe;
R6Aa, R6Ba, R6Da, R6Ea and R6Fa, independently of each other, are: a hydrogen atom (H), a fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine atom, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, trifluoromethyl, —CH2OH, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, C1fluoroalkoxy (e.g. trifluoromethoxy or difluoromethoxy), nitro (—NO2), OH, C1-3alkylS(O)2— such as MeS(O)2—, C1-2alkylS(O)2—NH— such as Me-S(O)2—NH—, —CONH2, cyano (—CN), or C1-2alkylS(O)2—CH2— such as Me-S(O)2—CH2;
provided that two or more (e.g. three or more) of R6Aa, R6Ba, R6Da, R6Ea and R6Fa are a hydrogen atom (H);
and wherein, in Formula (IB), on a molarity basis, more than 50% of the compound or salt present has the stereochemistry shown at the carbon atom bearing the R4aa group.
In R1a, C2-3alkyl can for example be ethyl or n-propyl. In R1a, C2fluoroalkyl can for example be C1fluoroalkyl-CH2— such as CF3—CH2-. Preferably, R1l is ethyl, n-propyl or —CH2CH2OH. R1 is most preferably ethyl.
R2a can for example be H.
The NHR3a group of sub-formula (p14) is preferably in the cis configuration, i.e. is a [cis-4-(1-hydroxyethyl)cyclohexyl]amino group (including mixtures of configurations wherein the cis configuration is the major component).
Preferably, R4aa is methyl, ethyl, CF3 or —CH2OH; more preferably R4aa is methyl or ethyl; most preferably R4aa is ethyl.
Preferably, R6Aa, R6Ba, R6Da, R6Ea and/or R6Fa, independently of each other, is or are: a hydrogen atom (H), a fluorine, chlorine or bromine atom, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, trifluoromethyl, —CH2OH, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, difluoromethoxy, OH or MeS(O)2—.
Preferably, three or more of R6Aa, R6Ba, R6Da, R6Ea and R6Fa are a hydrogen atom (H).
In formula (IB), the phenyl ring attached to —(CHR4aa)— is suitably unsubstituted, monosubstituted, disubstituted or trisubstituted; or preferably the phenyl ring is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or disubstituted; more preferably monosubstituted or disubstituted.
In formula (IB), for monosubstitution of the phenyl ring, then preferably either R6Ba or R6Da is a fluorine, chlorine or bromine atom, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, trifluoromethyl, —CH2OH, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, difluoromethoxy, OH or MeS(O)2—(preferably a fluorine, chlorine or bromine atom, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, ethoxy or difluoromethoxy) and the remainder of R6Aa, R6Ba, R6Da, R6Ea and R6Fa are H. Alternatively, for monosubstitution of the phenyl ring in formula (II), then preferably R6Aa can be a fluorine or chlorine atom, methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxy or difluoromethoxy, and R6Ba, R6Da, R6Ea and R6Fa are H.
In formula (IB), for disubstitution of the phenyl ring, then 3,4-disubstitution, 2,4-disubstitution, 2,3-disubstitution, 2,5-disubstitution or 3,5-disubstitution of the phenyl ring is suitable. For example, in formula (IB), the phenyl ring can be 3,4-dimethylphenyl (R6Ba and R6Da are methyl, and R6Aa, R6Ea and R6Fa are H) or 2,4-dimethylphenyl (R6Aa and R6Da are methyl, and R6Ba, R6Ea and R6Fa are H) or 2,5-dimethylphenyl (R6Aa and R6Ea are methyl, and R6Ba, R6Da and R6Fa are H) or 3,5-dimethylphenyl (R6Ba and R6Ea are methyl, and R6Aa, R6Da and R6Fa are H) or 2-fluoro-4-chlorophenyl (R6Aa is a fluorine atom, R6Da is a chlorine atom, and R6Ba, R6Ea and R6Fa are H) or 3-chloro-4-methylphenyl (R6Ba is a chlorine atom and R6Da is methyl, and R6Aa, R6Ea and R6Fa are H)
In Formula (IB), on a molarity basis, preferably 70% or more, more preferably 75% or more, still more preferably 85% or more, yet more preferably 90% or more, for example 95% or more such as 98% or more, of the compound or salt present has the stereochemistry shown at the carbon atom bearing the R4aa group.
Preferably, in Formula (IB), the stereochemistry at the carbon atom bearing the R4aa group is such that there is an enantiomeric excess (e.e.) of 50% or more at the carbon atom bearing the R4aa group (ignoring the stereochemistry at any other carbon atoms). More preferably, the enantiomeric excess (e.e.) is 70% or more or 80% or more, still more preferably 90% or more, yet more preferably 95% or more, at the carbon atom bearing the R4aa group (ignoring the stereochemistry at any other carbon atoms). As stated before, “enantiomeric excess” (e.e.) is defined as the percentage of the major isomer present minus the percentage of the minor isomer present. For example, if 95% of major isomer is present and 5% of the minor isomer is present, then the e.e. would be 90%.
The compound formula (IB) or the salt thereof is preferably 4-{[cis-4-(1-hydroxyethyl)cyclohexyl]amino}-N-[1-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)propyl]-1-ethyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carboxamide or a salt thereof (e.g. a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof), having more than 50% by molarity in the (R)-stereochemistry at the benzylic carbon atom. See for example Example 373 hereinafter.
All references hereinafter to salts, solvates, isomers, tautomeric forms, molecular weights, synthetic process routes, medical uses, pharmaceutical compositions and dosing, and combinations, etc. can also relate to/include the compound formula (IB) or the salt thereof as an alternative to the compound formula (I) or the salt thereof.
Because of their potential use in medicine, the salts of the compounds of formula (I) are preferably pharmaceutically acceptable. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts can include acid or base addition salts.
A pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt can be formed by reaction of a compound of formula (I) with a suitable inorganic or organic acid (such as hydrobromic, hydrochloric, sulfuric, nitric, phosphoric, succinic, maleic, formic, acetic, propionic, fumaric, citric, tartaric, lactic, benzoic, salicylic, glutamaic, aspartic, p-toluenesulfonic, benzenesulfonic, methanesulfonic, ethanesulfonic, naphthalenesulfonic such as 2-naphthalenesulfonic, or hexanoic acid), optionally in a suitable solvent such as an organic solvent, to give the salt which is usually isolated for example by crystallisation and filtration. A pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt of a compound of formula (I) can comprise or be for example a hydrobromide, hydrochloride, sulfate, nitrate, phosphate, succinate, maleate, formate, acetate, propionate, fumarate, citrate, tartrate, lactate, benzoate, salicylate, glutamate, aspartate, p-toluenesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, naphthalenesulfonate (e.g. 2-naphthalenesulfonate) or hexanoate salt.
A pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salt can be formed by reaction of a compound of formula (I) with a suitable inorganic or organic base (e.g. triethylamine, ethanolamine, triethanolamine, choline, arginine, lysine or histidine), optionally in a suitable solvent such as an organic solvent, to give the base addition salt which is usually isolated for example by crystallisation and filtration.
Other suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts include pharmaceutically acceptable metal salts, for example pharmaceutically acceptable alkali-metal or alkaline-earth-metal salts such as sodium, potassium, calcium or magnesium salts; in particular pharmaceutically acceptable metal salts of one or more carboxylic acid moieties that may be present in the compound of formula (I).
Other non-pharmaceutically acceptable salts, eg. oxalates, may be used, for example in the isolation of compounds of the invention, and are included within the scope of this invention.
The invention includes within its scope all possible stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric forms of the salts of the compounds of formula (I).
Also included within the scope of the invention are all solvates, hydrates and complexes of compounds and salts of the invention.
Certain groups, substituents, compounds or salts included in the present invention may be present as isomers. The present invention includes within its scope all such isomers, including racemates, enantiomers and mixtures thereof.
In the compounds or salts, pharmaceutical compositions, uses, methods of treatment/prophylaxis, methods of preparing, etc. according to the present invention, where a defined isomeric configuration e.g. stereochemical configuration is described or claimed, the invention includes a mixture comprising (a) a major component of the compound or salt which is in the described or claimed configuration, together with (b) one or more minor components of the compound or salt which is/are not in the described or claimed configuration. Preferably, in such a mixture, the major component of the compound or salt which is in the described or claimed configuration represents 70% or more, or 75% or more, more preferably 85% or more, still more preferably 90% or more, yet more preferably 95% or more, yet more preferably 98% or more, of the total amount of compound or salt present in the mixture on a molarity basis.
The percentage of one isomeric/stereochemical component in a mixture of different isomeric/stereochemical components, and if appropriate enantiomeric and/or diastereomeric excesses, can be measured using techniques known in the art. Such methods include the following:
(1) Measurement using NMR (e.g. 1H NMR) spectroscopy in the presence of chiral agent. One can measure a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum (preferably a 1H NMR spectrum, and/or a solution-phase NMR spectrum e.g. in CDCl3 or D6-DMSO solvent) of the compound/salt mixture in the presence of a suitable chiral agent which “splits” the NMR peaks of a given atom in different isomers into different peak positions. The chiral agent can be: i) an optically pure reagent which reacts with the compound/salt e.g. to form a mixture of diastereomers, ii) a chiral solvent, iii) a chiral molecule which forms a transient species (e.g. diastereomeric species) with the compound/salt, or iv) a chiral shift reagent. See e.g. J. March, “Advanced Organic Chemistry”, 4th edn., 1992, pages 125-126 and refs. 138-146 cited therein. A chiral shift reagent can be a chiral lanthanide shift reagent such as tris[3-trifluoroacetyl-d-camphorato]europium-(III) or others as described in Morrill, “Lanthanide Shift Reagents in Stereochemical Analysis”, VCH, New York, 1986. Whatever the chiral agent is that is used, usually, the relative integrals (intensities) for the NMR peaks of a given atom or group in different isomers can provide a measurement of the relative amounts of each isomer present.
(2) Measurement using chiral chromatography, especially on an analytical scale. A suitable chiral column which separates the different isomeric components can be used to effect separation, e.g. using gas or liquid chromatography such as HPLC, and/or e.g. on an analytical scale. The peaks for each isomer can be integrated (area under each peak); and a comparison or ratio of the integrals for the different isomers present can give a measurement of the percentage of each isomeric component present. See for example: “Chiral Chromatography”, Separation Science Series Author: T. E. Beesley and R. P. W. Scott, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Chichester, UK, 1998, electronic Book ISBN: 0585352690, Book ISBN: 0471974277.
(3) Separation of pre-existing diastereomeric mixtures which are compounds/salts of the invention can be achieved (usually directly, without derivatisation) using separation techniques such as gas or liquid chromatography. Diastereomeric ratios and/or excesses can thereby be derived e.g. from the relative peak areas or relative separated masses.
(4) Conversion with a chiral/optically-active agent and subsequent separation of the resulting isomers, e.g. diastereomers. Conversion can be via derivatisation of a derivatisable group (e.g. —OH, —NHR) on the compound/salt with an optically-active derivatising group (e.g. optically active acid chloride or acid anhydride); or can be via formation of an acid or base addition salt of the compound by treatment of the compound with an optically-active acid or base, such as + or − di-para-toluoyl tartaric acid. After derivatisation, separation of the resulting isomers e.g. diastereomers, can be using gas or liquid chromatography (usually non-chiral); or (especially with isomeric salts) can be by selective crystallisation of a single isomeric e.g. diastereoisomeric salt. Determination of isomeric ratios and/or excesses can be using chromatography peak areas or measurement of mass of each separated isomer.
See e.g. J. March, “Advanced Organic Chemistry”, 4th edn., 1992, pages 120-121 and 126, and refs. 105-115 and 147-149 cited therein.
(5) Measurement of optical activity [alpha] of mixture and comparison with optical activity of pure isomer [alpha]max if available (e.g. see J. March, “Advanced Organic Chemistry”, 4th edn., 1992, page 125 and refs. 138-139 cited therein). This assumes a substantially linear relationship between [alpha] and concentration.
Certain of the groups, e.g. heteroaromatic ring systems, included in compounds of formula (I) or their salts may exist in one or more tautomeric forms. The present invention includes within its scope all such tautomeric forms, including mixtures.
Especially when intended for oral medicinal use, the compound of formula (I) can optionally have a molecular weight of 1000 or less, for example 800 or less, in particular 650 or less or 600 or less. Molecular weight here refers to that of the unsolvated “free base” compound, that is excluding any molecular weight contributed by any addition salts, solvent (e.g. water) molecules, etc.
The following processes can be used to make the compounds of the invention:
Some of the following synthetic processes may be exemplified for compounds of Formula (I) wherein R2 is a hydrogen atom (H). However, some or all of these processes can also be used with appropriate modification, e.g. of starting materials and reagents, for making compounds of Formula (I) wherein R2 is methyl.
To form a compound of formula (I), a carboxylic acid of formula (II) can be converted into an activated compound of formula (III) wherein X1 is a leaving group substitutable by an amine (as defined below), and subsequently the activated compound can be reacted with an amine of formula ArCR4R5NH2:
For example, the activated compound (the compound of formula (III)) can be the acid chloride (X1═Cl). This can be formed from the carboxylic acid of formula (II) e.g. by reaction with thionyl chloride, either in an organic solvent such as chloroform or without solvent. Alternatively, the activated compound (the compound of formula (III)) can be an activated ester wherein the leaving group X1 is
The latter activated compound of formula (III) can be formed from the carboxylic acid of formula (II) either:
(a) by reaction of the carboxylic acid with a carbodiimide such as EDC, which is 1-ethyl-3-(3′-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide and is also 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide, or a salt thereof e.g. hydrochloride salt, preferably followed by reaction of the resulting product with 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBT); reaction (a) usually being carried out in the presence of a solvent (preferably anhydrous) such as dimethyl formamide (DMF) or acetonitrile and/or preferably under anhydrous conditions and/or usually at room temperature (e.g. about 20 to about 25° C.); or:
(b) by reaction with 2-(1H-benzotriazole-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate (TBTU) or O-(7-Azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HATU),in the presence of a base such as diisopropylethylamine (iPr
This process preferably involves reaction of compound of formula (IV) with either:
(a) a base, such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, in a solvent, e.g. an aqueous solvent such as aqueous ethanol or aqueous dioxane or
(b) an acid, such as hydrochloric acid, in a solvent, e.g. an aqueous solvent such as aqueous dioxane.
Compounds of formula (IV) can be prepared according to a method, for example as described by Yu et. al. in J. Med. Chem., 2001, 44, 1025-1027, by reaction of a compound of formula (V) with an amine of formula R3NH2. The reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of a base such as triethylamine or N,N-diisopropylethylamine, and/or in an organic solvent such as ethanol, dioxane or acetonitrile. The reaction may require heating e.g. to ca. 60-100° C., for example ca. 80-90° C.:
Compounds of formula (V) are also described in the above reference. They can be prepared by reaction of a compound of formula (VI) with (R2)(OEt)C═C(CO2Re)2, which can for example be diethyl(ethoxymethylene)malonate (wherein R2 is H and Re is Et) or diethyl 2-(1-ethoxyethylidene)malonate (wherein R2 is Me and Re is Et), with heating, followed by reaction with phosphorous oxychloride, again with heating:
For examples of the compound (VI) to compound (V) process, see for example: (i) the Intermediate 1 synthesis and G. Yu et. al., J. Med. Chem., 2001, 44, 1025-1027 hereinafter, where R2=H and R1=ethyl; and see (ii) the Intermediate 10 synthesis hereinafter where R2=Me and R1=ethyl; and see (iii) Intermediate 182 synthesis hereinafter wherein R2=H and R1=methyl (i.e. reaction of 5-amino-1-methylpyrazole with diethylethoxymethylene malonate).
Where the desired amino pyrazole of formula (VI) is not commercially available, preparation of the amino pyrazole (VI) can be achieved, for example, using methods described by Dorgan et. al. in J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, (4), 938-42; 1980, by reaction of cyanoethyl hydrazine with a suitable aldehyde of formula R40CHO in a solvent such as ethanol, with heating, followed by reduction, for example reduction with sodium in a solvent such as t-butanol. R40 should be chosen so as to contain one less carbon atom than R1, for example R40=methyl will afford R1=ethyl.
Alternatively, e.g. where the desired amino pyrazole of Formula (VI) is not commercially available, preparation of the 4-amino 5-ester/acid compounds of Formulae (IV) and (II) can be achieved from a (different R1) 4-chloro 5-ester compound of Formula (V) (e.g. Intermediate 1, wherein R1=ethyl), using a generalised version of the reaction scheme shown in Intermediate 170 and shown below. In this method:
the 4-chloro 5-ester pyrazolopyridine of Formula (V) (e.g. Intermediate 1) is optionally converted to the 4-alkoxy (e.g. C1-4alkoxy such as ethoxy)pyrazolopyridine;
the R1 group is removed (e.g. using N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and preferably base e.g. Na2CO3) (e.g. to give Intermediate 1A—an alternative synthesis for which is given under “Intermediate 1A” hereinafter);
the 4-amino NHR3 group is inserted by displacing the 4-chloro or 4-alkoxy group by reaction with R3NH2;
and the resulting pyrazolopyridine is alkylated at N-1 by reacting it with R1—X41, where X41 is a group displaceable by the N-1 nitrogen of the pyrazolopyridine, in order to re-insert the desired R1 group [i.e. to prepare the 4-amino 5-ester compound of Formula (IV)]. X41 can for example be a halogen, e.g. Cl, Br or I; or X41 can be —O—S(O)2—R41 where R41 is C1-4alkyl, C1-2fluoroalkyl, or phenyl optionally substituted by C1-2alkyl. The N-1 alkylation reation with R1—X41 is preferably carried out in the presence of base—see the (IX) to (IV) reaction hereinafter for examples of suitable bases.
The scheme below (Intermediate 170 scheme) shows a suitable exemplary route and conditions for this R1 removal and re-insertion route, for insertion of R1=n-propyl and R3=tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl:
In an alternative embodiment of Process A, the 4-chloro substituent in the compound of formula (V) can be replaced by another halogen atom, such as a bromine atom, or by another suitable leaving group which is displaceable by an amine of formula R3NH2. The leaving group displaceable by the amine can for example be RLA, in a compound of formula (Va), wherein RLA is an alkoxy group OR35 such as OC1-4alkyl (in particular OEt) or a group —O—S(O)2—R37. Here, R37 is C1-8alkyl (e.g. C1-4alkyl or C1-2alkyl such as methyl), C1-6fluoroalkyl (e.g. C1-4fluoroalkyl or C1-2fluoroalkyl such as CF3 or C4F9), or phenyl wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted by one or two of independently C1-2alkyl, halogen or C1-2alkoxy (such as phenyl or 4-methyl-phenyl). The reaction of the compound of formula (Va) with the amine of formula R3NH2 may be carried out with or without solvent and may require heating:
In another alternative embodiment of Process A, the compound of formula (IV), described herein, can be prepared by reaction of a compound of formula (IX) with an alkylating agent of formula R1—X3, where X3 is a leaving group displaceable by the 1-position pyrazolopyridine nitrogen atom of the compound of formula (IX):
A suitable alkylating agent of formula R1—X3 can be used. For example, X3 can be a halogen atom such as a chlorine atom or more preferably a bromine or iodine atom, or X3 can be —O—S(O)2—R36 wherein R36 is C1-8alkyl (e.g. C1-4alkyl or C1-2alkyl such as methyl), C1-6fluoroalkyl (e.g. C1-4fluoroalkyl or C1-2fluoroalkyl such as CF3 or C4F9), or phenyl wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted by one or two of independently C1-2alkyl, halogen or C1-2alkoxy (such as phenyl or 4-methyl-phenyl). The reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of a base; the base can for example comprise or be potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium hydride, potassium hydride, or a basic resin or polymer such as polymer-bound 2-tert-butylimino-2-diethylamino-1,3-dimethyl-perhydro-1,3,2-diazaphosphorine. The reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of a solvent, e.g. an organic solvent such as DMF; the solvent is preferably anhydrous.
Compounds of formula (IX) can be prepared, using a method analogous to that used for the preparation of compounds of formula (IV) from compounds of formula (V), by reaction of a compound of formula (X) (which is the same as compound of formula (V) but wherein R1=H) with an amine of formula R3NH2. The reaction is suitably carried out in the presence of a base such as triethylamine or N,N-diisopropylethylamine, and/or in an organic solvent such as ethanol, dioxane or acetonitrile. The reaction may require heating e.g. to ca. 60-100° C., for example ca. 80-90° C.:
Alternatively, in formula (X), the 4-chloro can be replaced by 4-C1-4alkoxy such as 4-ethoxy; these modified compounds, of formula (Xa), can optionally be made as described above, e.g. see the Intermediate 170 scheme shown and described above or Intermediate 1A below.
Compounds of formula (I) can be prepared by reaction of a compound of formula (VII) with an amine of formula R3NH2. In the compound of formula (VII), RLB is a leaving group which is displaceable by the amine of formula R3NH2. RLB can be a bromine atom (Br) or more particularly a chlorine atom (Cl), or alternatively RLB can be an alkoxy group OR35 such as OC1-4alkyl (in particular OEt) or a group —O—S(O)2—R37. Here, R37 is C1-8alkyl (e.g. C1-4alkyl or C1-2alkyl such as methyl), C1-6fluoroalkyl (e.g. C1-4fluoroalkyl or C1-2fluoroalkyl such as CF3 or C4F9), or phenyl wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted by one or two of independently C1-2alkyl, halogen or C1-2alkoxy (such as phenyl or 4-methyl-phenyl). The reaction of (VII) to (I) is preferably carried out in the presence of a base, such as triethylamine or N,N-diisopropylethylamine, and/or in an organic solvent such as ethanol, THF, dioxane or acetonitrile. The reaction may require heating, e.g. to ca. 60-100° C. or ca. 80-90° C., for example for 8-48 or 12-24 hours:
Compounds of formula (VII), wherein RLB is a chlorine atom (compound of formula (VIa), can be prepared in a two step procedure as described by Bare et. al. in J. Med. Chem. 1989, 32, 2561-2573. This process involves 2 steps. In the first step, a compound of formula (VIII) is reacted with thionyl chloride (or another agent suitable for forming an acid chloride from a carboxylic acid), either in an organic solvent such as chloroform or THF, or as a neat solution. This reaction may require heating and the thus-formed intermediate may or may not be isolated. Step two involves reaction with an amine of formula ArCR4R5NH2, in an organic solvent such as THF or chloroform and may also involve the use of a base such as triethylamine or diisopropylethylamine:
Compounds of formula (VIII) can be prepared by hydrolysis of an ester of formula (V) according to the method described by Yu et. al. in J. Med. Chem., 2001, 44, 1025-1027. This procedure preferably involves reaction with a base, such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, in a solvent e.g. an aqueous solvent such as aqueous ethanol or aqueous dioxane:
Compounds of formula (V) can be prepared as described in Process A above.
A compounds of formula (I) can be prepared by reaction of a compound of formula (IXa) with an alkylating agent of formula R1—X3, where X3 is a leaving group displaceable by the 1-position pyrazolopyridine nitrogen atom of the compound of formula (IXa):
A suitable alkylating agent of formula R1—X3 can be used. For example, X3 can be a halogen atom such as a chlorine atom or more preferably a bromine or iodine atom, or X3 can be —O—S(O)2—R36 wherein R36 is C1-8alkyl (e.g. C1-4alkyl or C1-2alkyl such as methyl), C1-6fluoroalkyl (e.g. C1-4fluoroalkyl or C1-2fluoroalkyl such as CF3 or C4F9), or phenyl wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted by one or two of independently C1-2alkyl, halogen or C1-2alkoxy (such as phenyl or 4-methyl-phenyl). The reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of a base; the base can for example comprise or be potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium hydride, potassium hydride, or a basic resin or polymer such as polymer-bound 2-tert-butylimino-2-diethylamino-1,3-dimethyl-perhydro-1,3,2-diazaphosphorine. The reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of a solvent, e.g. an organic solvent such as DMF; the solvent is preferably anhydrous.
Compounds of formula (IXa) can be prepared from a compound of formula (IX):
by hydrolysis of the ester and conversion of the resulting carboxylic acid to the amide of formula (IXa) by activation of the acid and reaction with an amine of formula ArCR4R5NH2. The ester (IX) to acid to amide (IXa) conversion can suitably use the reagents and reaction conditions mentioned in Process A above for conversion of (IV) to (II) to (III) to (I).
The ester compound of formula (IX) can be prepared using the method described in the alternative embodiment of Process A, above.
Process D: Conversion of One Compound of Formula (I), (II) or (IV) or Salt Thereof into Another Compound of Formula (I), (II) or (IV) or Salt Thereof.
One compound of formula (I), (II) or (IV) or salt thereof (or a protected version thereof, such as an N-protected version e.g. BOC-N-protected) can be converted into a or another compound of formula (I), (II) or (IV) or salt thereof. This conversion preferably comprises or is one or more of the following processes D1 to D7:
D1. Conversion of a ketone into the corresponding oxime (e.g. Examples 231-281).
D2. An oxidation process. For example, the oxidation process can comprise or be oxidation of an alcohol to a ketone (e.g. using Jones reagent) or oxidation of an alcohol or a ketone to a carboxylic acid. The oxidation process can e.g. comprise or be conversion of a nitrogen-containing compound of formula (I) or salt thereof to the corresponding N-oxide (e.g. using meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid), for example conversion of a pyridine-containing compound to the corresponding pyridine N-oxide (e.g. see Examples 210-212 of PCT/EP03/11814 (WO 2004/024728 A2), filed on 12 Sep. 2003 and incorporated herein by reference, for suitable process details).
D3. A reduction process, for example reduction of a ketone or a carboxylic acid to an alcohol.
D4. Acylation, for example acylation of an amine (e.g. see Examples 329-349 and Example 353 of PCT/EP03/11814 (WO 2004/024728 A2), filed on 12 Sep. 2003 and incorporated herein by reference, for suitable process details), or acylation of a hydroxy group.
D5. Alkylation, for example alkylation of an amine or of a hydroxy group.
D6. Hydrolysis, e.g. hydrolysis of an ester to the corresponding carboxylic acid or salt thereof (e.g. see Examples 351, 488, 489, 650, 651 of PCT/EP03/11814 (WO 2004/024728 A2), filed on 12 Sep. 2003 and incorporated herein by reference, for suitable process details).
D7. Deprotection, e.g. deprotection of (e.g. deacylation of or t-butyloxycarbonyl (BOC) removal from) an amine group. BOC deprotection can be carried out under acidic conditions e.g. using hydrogen chloride in an organic solvent such as dioxan—Examples 381 and 382 herein are examples of such a BOC deprotection process.
D8. Formation of an ester or amide, for example from the corresponding carboxylic acid.
D9. Sulfonylation, e.g. sulfonamide formation by reaction of an amine with a sulfonyl halide e.g. a sulfonyl chloride (e.g. see Examples 322-328 of PCT/EP03/11814 (WO 2004/024728 A2), filed on 12 Sep. 2003 and incorporated herein by reference, for suitable process details). and/or
D10. Beckmann rearrangement of one compound of formula (I) into another compound of formula (I), for example using cyanuric chloride (2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine) together with a formamide such as DMF, e.g. at room temperature (see L. D. Luca, J. Org. Chem., 2002, 67, 6272-6274). The Beckmann rearrangement can for example comprise conversion of a compound of formula (I) wherein NHR3 is of sub-formula (o2)
into a compound of formula (I) wherein NHR3 is of sub-formula (m3)
and suitable process details can be as illustrated in Examples 658 and 659 of PCT/EP03/11814 (WO 2004/024728 A2), filed on 12 Sep. 2003 and incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention therefore also provides a method of preparing a compound of formula (I) or a salt thereof:
wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and Ar are as defined herein, the method comprising:
(a) reaction of an activated compound of formula (III),
wherein X1 is a leaving group substitutable by an amine, with an amine of formula ArCR4R5NH2;
(b) reaction of a compound of formula (VII):
, wherein RLB is a leaving group which is displaceable by an amine of formula R3NH2, with an amine of formula R3NH2;
(c) reaction of a compound of formula (IXa) with an alkylating agent of formula R1—X3,
where X3 is a leaving group displaceable by the 1-position pyrazolopyridine nitrogen atom of the compound of formula (IXa):
or
(d) conversion of one compound of formula (I) or salt thereof (or a protected version thereof, such as an N-protected version e.g. BOC-N-protected) into a or another compound of formula (I) or salt thereof;
and optionally converting the compound of formula (I) into a salt thereof e.g. a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
Preferred, suitable or optional features of methods (a), (b), (c) and (d), independently of each other, are as described above for Processes A, B, C, and D, with all necessary changes being made.
The present invention also provides: (e) a method of preparing a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound of formula (I) comprising conversion of the compound of formula (I) or a salt thereof into the desired pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. (See for example Example 307 herein).
The present invention also provides a compound of formula (I) or a salt thereof, prepared by a method as defined herein.
The present invention also provides a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use as an active therapeutic substance in a mammal such as a human. The compound or salt can be for use in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of any of the diseases/conditions described herein (e.g. for use in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of an inflammatory and/or allergic disease in a mammal such as a human; or e.g. for use in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of cognitive impairment or depression in a mammal such as a human) and/or for use as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor e.g. for use as a phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor. “Therapy” may include treatment and/or prophylaxis.
Also provided is the use of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament (e.g. pharmaceutical composition) for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of any of the diseases/conditions described herein in a mammal such as a human, e.g. for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of an inflammatory and/or allergic disease in a mammal such as a human, or e.g. for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of cognitive impairment or depression in a mammal.
Also provided is a method of treatment and/or prophylaxis of any of the diseases/conditions described herein in a mammal (e.g. human) in need thereof, e.g. a method of treatment and/or prophylaxis of an inflammatory and/or allergic disease, cognitive impairment or depression in a mammal (e.g. human) in need thereof, which method comprises administering to the mammal (e.g. human) a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I) as herein defined or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors are thought to be useful in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of a variety of diseases/conditions, especially inflammatory and/or allergic diseases, in mammals such as humans, for example: asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (e.g. chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema), atopic dermatitis, urticaria, allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, vernal conjunctivitis, eosinophilic granuloma, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, septic shock, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, reperfusion injury of the myocardium and brain, chronic glomerulonephritis, endotoxic shock, adult respiratory distress syndrome, multiple sclerosis, cognitive impairment (e.g. in a neurological disorder such as Alzheimer's disease), depression, or pain (e.g. inflammatory pain). Ulcerative colitis and/or Crohn's disease are collectively often referred to as inflammatory bowel disease.
In the treatment and/or prophylaxis, the inflammatory and/or allergic disease can suitably be chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, allergic rhinitis or atopic dermatitis in a mammal (e.g. human). In the treatment and/or prophylaxis, the inflammatory and/or allergic disease is suitably chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, rheumatoid arthritis or allergic rhinitis in a mammal (e.g. human). More preferably, the treatment and/or prophylaxis is of COPD or asthma in a mammal (e.g. human).
PDE4 inhibitors are thought to be effective in the treatment of asthma (e.g. see M. A. Giembycz, Drugs, February 2000, 59(2), 193-212; Z. Huang et al., Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, 2001, 5: 432-438; H. J. Dyke et al., Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, January 2002, 11(1), 1-13; C. Burnouf et al., Current Pharmaceutical Design, 2002, 8(14), 1255-1296; A. M. Doherty, Current Opinion Chem. Biol., 1999, 3(4), 466-473; P. J. Barnes, Naure Reviews—Drug Discovery, October 2004, 831-844; and references cited in the aforementioned publications).
PDE4 inhibitors, for example cilomilast and roflumilast, are thought to be effective in the treatment of COPD. For example, see S. L. Wolda, Emerging Drugs, 2000, 5(3), 309-319; Z. Huang et al., Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, 2001, 5: 432-438; H. J. Dyke et al., Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, January 2002, 11(1), 1-13; C. Burnouf et al., Current Pharmaceutical Design, 2002, 8(14), 1255-1296; A. M. Doherty, Current Opinion Chem. Biol., 1999, 3(4), 466-473; A. M. Vignola, Respiratory Medicine, 2004, 98, 495-503; D. Spina, Drugs, 2003, 63(23), 2575-2594; and references cited in the aforementioned publications; and G. Krishna et al., Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 2004, 13(3), 255-267 (see especially pp. 259-261 and refs. 102-111 and 201 therein). COPD is often characterised by the presence of airflow obstruction due to chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema (e.g., see S. L. Wolda, Emerging Drugs, 2000, 5(3), 309-319).
PDE4 inhibitors are thought to be effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis (e.g. see B. M. Schmidt et al., J. Allergy & Clinical Immunology, 108(4), 2001, 530-536).
PDE4 inhibitors are thought to be effective in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis (e.g. see H. J. Dyke et al., Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, January 2002, 11(1), 1-13; C. Burnouf et al., Current Pharmaceutical Design, 2002, 8(14), 1255-1296; and A. M. Doherty, Current Opinion Chem. Biol., 1999, 3(4), 466-473; and references cited in these publications).
See e.g. A. M. Doherty, Current Opinion Chem. Biol., 1999, 3(4), 466-473 and references cited therein for atopic dermatitis use.
For treatment and/or prophylaxis of atopic dermatitis, topical administration (e.g. topical administration to the skin e,g. to affected skin) can be used.
PDE4 inhibitors have been suggested as having analgesic properties and thus being effective in the treatment of pain (A. Kumar et al., Indian J. Exp. Biol., 2000, 38(1), 26-30).
In the invention, the treatment and/or prophylaxis can be of cognitive impairment e.g. cognitive impairment in a neurological disorder such as Alzheimer's disease. For example, the treatment and/or prophylaxis can comprise cognitive enhancement e.g. in a neurological disorder. See for example: H. T. Zhang et al. in: Psychopharmacology, June 2000, 150(3), 311-316 and Neuropsychopharmacology, 2000, 23(2), 198-204; and T. Egawa et al., Japanese J. Pharmacol., 1997, 75(3), 275-81.
PDE4 inhibitors such as rolipram have been suggested as having antidepressant properties (e.g. J. Zhu et al., CNS Drug Reviews, 2001, 7(4), 387-398; O'Donnell, Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 2000, 9(3), 621-625; H. T. Zhang et al., Neuropsychopharmacology, October 2002, 27(4), 587-595; J. M. O'Donnell and H.-T. Zhang, Trends Pharmacol. Sci., March 2004, 25(3), 158-163; and T. E. Renau, Curr. Opinion Invest. Drugs, 2004, 5(1), 34-39).
PDE4 inhibition has been suggested for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (e.g. ulcerative colitis and/or Crohn's disease), see K. H. Banner and M. A. Trevethick, Trends Pharmacol. Sci., August 2004, 25(8), 430-436.
For use in medicine, the compounds of the present invention are usually administered as a pharmaceutical composition.
The present invention therefore provides in a further aspect a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and/or excipients.
The pharmaceutical composition can be for use in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of any of the conditions described herein.
The invention also provides a method of preparing a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I), as herein defined, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and/or excipients,
the method comprising mixing the compound or salt with the one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and/or excipients.
The invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition prepared by said method.
The compounds of formula (I) and/or the pharmaceutical composition may be administered, for example, by oral, parenteral (e.g. intravenous, subcutaneous, or intramuscular), inhaled, topical (e.g. skin topical), or nasal administration. Accordingly, the pharmaceutical composition is preferably suitable for oral, parenteral (e.g. intravenous, subcutaneous, or intramuscular), inhaled, topical (e.g. skin topical), or nasal administration.
More preferably, the pharmaceutical composition is suitable for inhaled or oral administration, e.g. to a mammal such as a human. Inhaled administration involves topical administration to the lung e.g. by aerosol or dry powder composition.
A pharmaceutical composition suitable for oral administration can be liquid or solid; for example it can be a syrup, suspension or emulsion, a tablet, a capsule or a lozenge.
A liquid formulation (e.g. oral) will generally consist of a suspension or solution of the compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt in a suitable pharmaceutically acceptable liquid carrier(s), for example an aqueous solvent such as water, ethanol or glycerine, or a non-aqueous solvent, such as polyethylene glycol or an oil. The formulation may also contain a suspending agent, preservative, flavouring and/or colouring agent.
In one embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition is in unit dose form, such as a tablet or capsule for oral administration, e.g. for oral administration to a human.
A pharmaceutical composition suitable for oral administration being a tablet can comprise one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and/or excipients suitable for preparing tablet formulations. The carrier can for example be or include lactose, cellulose (for example microcrystalline cellulose), or mannitol. The tablet can also or instead contain one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, for example a binding agent such as hydroxypropylmethylcellulose or povidone (polyvinylpyrrolidone), a lubricant e.g. an alkaline earth metal stearate such as magnesium stearate, and/or a tablet disintegrant such as sodium starch glycollate, croscarmellose sodium, or crospovidone (cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone). The pharmaceutical composition being a tablet can be prepared by a method comprising the steps of: (i) mixing the compound of formula (I), as herein defined, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with the one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and/or excipients, (ii) compressing the resulting mixture (which is usually in powder form) into tablets, and (iii) optionally coating the tablet with a tablet film-coating material.
A pharmaceutical composition suitable for oral administration being a capsule can be prepared using encapsulation procedures. For example, pellets or powder containing the active ingredient can be prepared using a suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and then filled into a hard gelatin capsule. Alternatively, a dispersion or suspension can be prepared using any suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, for example an aqueous gum or an oil and the dispersion or suspension then filled into a soft gelatin capsule.
A parenteral composition can comprise a solution or suspension of the compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt in a sterile aqueous carrier or parenterally acceptable oil. Alternatively, the solution can be lyophilised; the lyophilised parenteral pharmaceutical composition can be reconstituted with a suitable solvent just prior to administration.
A topical pharmaceutical composition, e.g. skin topical pharmaceutical composition, can for example be an ointment, a cream (i.e. an oil-in-water pharmaceutical composition), an aqueous gel, or a DMSO-containing solution such as a DMSO/acetone solution (DMSO=dimethyl sulphoxide). A topical pharmaceutical composition, e.g. an oil-in-water composition, can optionally include a skin-penetration enhancer such as propylene glycol, and/or (e.g. for an oil-in-water composition) an emulsifier (e.g. surfactant) such as sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). A topical ointment can for example comprise polyethylene glycol and/or propylene glycol. In a topical pharmaceutical composition, such as an ointment or an oil-in-water composition, the compound of formula (I) or the salt thereof can optionally be present at 0.25 to 5%, for example 0.5 to 2.5%, by weight of the total composition. In a topical pharmaceutical composition, the compound of formula (I) or the salt thereof can optionally be Example 73, 75, 98, 283, 304, 306, 307, 310, 311, 316, 321, 324, 326, 327, 328, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 343, 344 or 345, as the compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. A topical pharmaceutical composition, e.g. skin topical pharmaceutical composition, can for example be for treatment and/or prophylaxis of atopic dermatitis e.g. in a mammal such as a human.
Compositions for nasal or inhaled administration may conveniently be formulated as aerosols, drops, gels or dry powders.
Aerosol formulations, e.g. for inhaled administration, can comprise a solution or fine suspension of the active substance in a pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous or non-aqueous solvent. Aerosol formulations can be presented in single or multidose quantities in sterile form in a sealed container, which can take the form of a cartridge or refill for use with an atomising device or inhaler. Alternatively the sealed container may be a unitary dispensing device such as a single dose nasal inhaler or an aerosol dispenser fitted with a metering valve (metered dose inhaler) which is intended for disposal once the contents of the container have been exhausted.
Where the dosage form comprises an aerosol dispenser, it preferably contains a suitable propellant under pressure such as compressed air, carbon dioxide, or an organic propellant such as a chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) or hydrofluorocarbon (HFC). Suitable CFC propellants include dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane and dichlorotetrafluoroethane. Suitable HFC propellants include 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane. The aerosol dosage forms can also take the form of a pump-atomiser.
For use in, for example, pharmaceutical compositions suitable and/or adapted for inhaled administration, it is preferred that the compound or salt of formula (I) is in a particle-size-reduced form, and more preferably the size-reduced form is obtained or obtainable by micronisation. Micronisation usually involves subjecting the compound/salt to collisional and/or abrasional forces in a fast-flowing circular or spiral/vortex-shaped airstream often including a cyclone component. The preferable particle size of the size-reduced (e.g. micronised) compound or salt is defined by a D50 value of about 0.5 to about 10 microns, e.g. about 1 to about 7 microns or about 1 to about 5 microns (e.g. as measured using laser diffraction). For example, it is preferable for the compound or salt of formula (I) to have a particle size defined by: a D10 of about 0.3 to about 3 microns (e.g. about 0.5 to about 2 microns, or about 1 micron), and/or a D50 of about 0.5 to about 10 microns or about 1 to about 7 microns or (e.g. about 1 to about 5 microns or about 2 to about 5 microns or about 2 to about 4 microns), and/or a D90 of about 1 to about 30 microns or about 2 to about 20 microns or about 2 to about 15 microns or about 3 to about 15 microns (e.g. about 5 to about 15 microns or about 5 to about 10 microns or about 2 to about 10 microns); for example as measured using laser diffraction.
In particle size measurements, D90, D50 and D10 respectively mean that 90%, 50% and 10% of the material is less than the micron size specified. D50 is the median particle size. DV90, DV50 and DV1 respectively mean that 90%, 50% and 10% by volume of the material is less than the micron size specified. DM90, DM50 and DM10 respectively mean that 90%, 50% and 10% by weight of the material is less than the micron size specified.
Laser diffraction measurement of particle size can use a dry method (wherein a suspension of the compound/salt in an airflow crosses the laser beam) or a wet method [wherein a suspension of the compound/salt in a liquid dispersing medium, such as isooctane or (e.g. if compound is soluble in isooctane) 0.1% Tween 80 in water, crosses the laser beam]. With laser diffraction, particle size is preferably calculated using the Fraunhofer calculation; and/or preferably a Malvern Mastersizer or Sympatec apparatus is used for measurement. For example, particle size measurement and/or analysis by laser diffraction can use any or all of (preferably all of) the following: a Malvern Mastersizer longbed version, a dispersing medium of 0.1% Tween 80 in water, a stir rate of ca. 1500 rpm, ca. 3 mins sonification prior to final dispersion and analysis, a 300 RF (Reverse Fourier) lens, and/or the Fraunhofer calculation with Malvern software.
An illustrative non-limiting example of a small-scale micronisation process is now given:
The Jetpharma MC 1 Micronizer comprises a horizontal disc-shaped milling housing having: a tubular compound inlet (e.g. angled at ca. 30 degrees to the horizontal) for entry of a suspension of unmicronised compound of formula (I) or salt in a gasflow, a separate gas inlet for entry of gases, a gas outlet for exit of gases, and a collection vessel (micronizer container) for collecting micronised material. The milling housing has two chambers: (a) an outer annular chamber in gaseous connection with the gas inlet, the chamber being for receiving pressurised gas (e.g. air or nitrogen), and (b) a disc-shaped inner milling chamber within and coaxial with the outer chamber for micronising the input compound/salt, the two chambers being separated by an annular wall. The annular wall (ring R) has a plurality of narrow-bored holes connecting the inner and outer chambers and circumferentially-spaced-apart around the annular wall. The holes opening into the inner chamber are directed at an angle (directed part-way between radially and tangentially), and in use act as nozzles directing pressurised gas at high velocity from the outer chamber into the inner chamber and in an inwardly-spiral path (vortex) around the inner chamber (cyclone). The compound inlet is in gaseous communication with the inner chamber via a nozzle directed tangentially to the inner chamber, within and near to the annular wall/ring R. Upper and lower broad-diameter exit vents in the central axis of the inner milling chamber connect to (a) (lower exit) the collection vessel which has no air outlet, and (b) (upper exit) the gas outlet. Inside and coaxial with the tubular compound inlet and longitudinally-movable within it is positioned a venturi inlet (V) for entry of gases. The compound inlet also has a bifurcation connecting to an upwardly-directed material inlet port for inputting material.
In use, the narrow head of the venturi inlet (V) is preferably positioned below and slightly forward of the material inlet port, so that when the venturi delivers pressurised gas (e.g. air or nitrogen) the feed material is sucked from the material inlet port into the gas stream through the compound inlet and is accelerated into the inner milling chamber tangentially at a subsonic speed. Inside the milling chamber the material is further accelerated to a supersonic speed by the hole/nozzle system around the ring (R) (annular wall) of the milling chamber. The nozzles are slightly angled so that the acceleration pattern of the material is in the form of an inwardly-directed vortex or cyclone. The material inside the milling chamber circulates rapidly and particle collisions occur during the process, causing larger particles to fracture into smaller ones. “Centrifugal” acceleration in the vortex causes the larger particles to remain at the periphery of the inner chamber while progressively smaller particles move closer to the centre until they exit the milling chamber, generally through the lower exit, at low pressure and low velocity. The particles that exit the milling chamber are heavier than air and settle downward through the lower exit into the collection vessel (micronizer container), while the exhaust gas rises (together with a minority of small particles of micronised material) and escapes into the atmosphere at low pressure and low velocity.
The micronizer is assembled. The narrow head of the venturi inlet is positioned below and slightly forward of the material inlet port and is measured with a micro-caliper to make sure that it is inserted correctly. The ring (R) and venturi (V) pressures are adjusted according to the values specified in the experimental design (refer to experimental section below) by adjusting the valves on the pressure gauges on the micronizer. The setup is checked for leakage by observing if there is any fluctuation in the reading of the pressure gauges.
Note that the venturi (V) pressure is kept at least 2 bars greater than the ring (R) pressure to prevent regurgitation of material, e.g. outwardly from the material inlet port.
Balance performance is checked with calibration weights. Specified amount of the parent material (see e.g. section on experimental run Procedure 1 for Example 307) is fed into the input container of the micronizer using a spatula. The input container plus material is weighed. The equipment pressure is monitored during the micronization process.
Upon completion of the micronising run, the nitrogen supply is shut off and the micronised material is allowed to settle into the micronizer container. The micronised powder in the micronizer container (collection vessel) and the cyclone (above the recovery vessel) are collected together into a pre-weighed and labelled collection vial. The weight of the micronised material is recorded. The input container is re-weighed in order to calculate the amount of input material by difference. The micronizer is disassembled and residual PDE4 compound on the micronizer inner surface is rinsed with 70/30 isopropyl alcohol/water and collected into a flask. The micronizer is then thoroughly cleaned in a Lancer washing machine and dried before subsequent runs are performed.
This experiment, Procedure 1, using Example 307 as the compound to be micronised, has been carried out generally using a procedure and an apparatus generally as described above or similar to those described, using generally the following experimental parameters and giving the following results:
In general, very approximately 50-75% yields are achievable using this method, including material from collection vessel and material from inside walls of cyclone.
The above optional parameters can be varied using the skilled person's knowledge.
In alternative embodiments of Procedure 1, Procedure 1 or variations thereof generally using generally similar conditions, have also been carried out for the following Examples:
Parent (unmicronised) material (Procedure 2): Example 73, 98, 283, 304, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314 or 314A (note—not carried out) Balance(s): Sartorius analytical
The above optional parameters can be varied using the skilled person's knowledge.
Procedure 2 includes possible parameters and conditions, and micronisation of possible Examples, and has not been carried out.
Alternative embodiment: Any of the Examples of the compounds or salts of the invention disclosed herein are optionally micronised as described above.
For pharmaceutical compositions suitable and/or adapted for inhaled administration, it is preferred that the pharmaceutical composition is a dry powder inhalable composition. Such a composition can comprise a powder base such as lactose or starch, the compound of formula (I) or salt thereof (preferably in particle-size-reduced form, e.g. in micronised form), and optionally a performance modifier such as L-leucine, mannitol, trehalose and/or magnesium stearate. Preferably, the dry powder inhalable composition comprises a dry powder blend of lactose and the compound of formula (I) or salt thereof. The lactose is preferably lactose hydrate e.g. lactose monohydrate and/or is preferably inhalation-grade and/or fine-grade lactose. Preferably, the particle size of the lactose is defined by 90% or more (by weight or by volume) of the lactose particles being less than 1000 microns (micrometres) (e.g. 10-1000 microns e.g. 30-1000 microns) in diameter, and/or 50% or more of the lactose particles being less than 500 microns (e.g. 10-500 microns) in diameter. More preferably, the particle size of the lactose is defined by 90% or more of the lactose particles being less than 300 microns (e.g. 10-300 microns e.g. 50-300 microns) in diameter, and/or 50% or more of the lactose particles being less than 100 microns in diameter. Optionally, the particle size of the lactose is defined by 90% or more of the lactose particles being less than 100-200 microns in diameter, and/or 50% or more of the lactose particles being less than 40-70 microns in diameter. Most importantly, it is preferable that about 3 to about 30% (e.g. about 10%) (by weight or by volume) of the particles are less than 50 microns or less than 20 microns in diameter. For example, without limitation, a suitable inhalation-grade lactose is E9334 lactose (10% fines) (Borculo Domo Ingredients, Hanzeplein 25, 8017 JD Zwolle, Netherlands).
In the dry powder inhalable composition, preferably, the compound of formula (I) or salt thereof is present in about 0.1% to about 70% (e.g. about 1% to about 50%, e.g. about 5% to about 40%, e.g. about 20 to about 30%) by weight of the composition.
An illustrative non-limiting example of a dry powder inhalable composition follows:
Dry Powder Formulation Example—Dry powder Lactose Blend Preparation
Using a size-reduced e.g. micronised form of the compound of formula (I) or salt thereof (e.g. as prepared in the Micronisation Example above), the dry powder blend is prepared by mixing the required amount of the compound/salt (e.g. 10 mg, 1% w/w) with inhalation-grade lactose containing 10% fines (e.g. 990 mg, 99% w/w) in a Teflon™ (polytetrafluoroethene) pot in a Mikro-dismembrator ball-mill (but without a ball bearing) at ¾ speed (ca. 2000-2500 rpm) for about 4 hours at each blend concentration. The Mikro-dismembrator (available from B. Braun Biotech International, Schwarzenberger Weg 73-79, D-34212 Melsungen, Germany; www.bbraunbiotech.com) comprises a base with an upwardly-projecting and sidewardly-vibratable arm to which is attached the Teflon™ pot. The vibration of the arm achieves blending.
Other blends can include: 10% w/w compound/salt (50 mg)+90% w/w lactose (450 mg, inhalation-grade lactose containing 10% fines).
Serial dilution of the 1% w/w blend can achieve e.g. 0.1% and 0.3% w/w blends.
Optionally, in particular for dry powder inhalable compositions, a pharmaceutical composition for inhaled administration can be incorporated into a plurality of sealed dose containers (e.g. containing the dry powder composition) mounted longitudinally in a strip or ribbon inside a suitable inhalation device. The container is rupturable or peel-openable on demand and the dose, e.g. of the dry powder composition, can be administered by inhalation via a device such as the DISKUS™ device, marketed by GlaxoSmithKline. The DISKUS™ inhalation device is usually substantially as described in GB 2,242,134 A. In such device at least one container for the pharmaceutical composition in powder form (the at least one container preferably being a plurality of sealed dose containers mounted longitudinally in a strip or ribbon) is defined between two members peelably secured to one another; the device comprises: means defining an opening station for the said at least one container; means for peeling the members apart at the opening station to open the container; and an outlet, communicating with the opened container, through which a user can inhale the pharmaceutical composition in powder form from the opened container.
Preferably the composition is in unit dose form such as a tablet or capsule for oral administration, e.g. for oral administration to a human.
In the pharmaceutical composition, a or each dosage unit for oral or parenteral administration preferably contains from 0.01 to 3000 mg, more preferably 0.5 to 1000 mg, of a compound of the formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, calculated as the free base. A or each dosage unit for nasal or inhaled administration preferably contains from 0.001 to 50 mg, more preferably 0.01 to 5 mg, of a compound of the formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, calculated as the free base.
A pharmaceutically acceptable compound or salt of the invention is preferably administered to a mammal (e.g. human) in a daily oral or parenteral dose of 0.001 mg to 50 mg per kg body weight per day (mg/kg/day), for example 0.01 to 20 mg/kg/day or 0.03 to 10 mg/kg/day or 0.1 to 2 mg/kg/day, of the compound of the formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, calculated as the free base.
A pharmaceutically acceptable compound or salt of the invention is preferably administered to a mammal (e.g. human) in a daily nasal or inhaled dose of: 0.0001 to 5 mg/kg/day or 0.0001 to 1 mg/kg/day, e.g. 0.001 to 1 mg/kg/day or 0.001 to 0.3 mg/kg/day or 0.001 to 0.1 mg/kg/day or 0.005 to 0.3 mg/kg/day, of the compound of the formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, calculated as the free base.
The pharmaceutically acceptable compounds or salts of the invention is preferably administered in a daily dose (for an adult patient) of, for example, an oral or parenteral dose of 0.01 mg to 3000 mg per day or 0.5 to 1000 mg per day e.g. 2 to 500 mg per day, or a nasal or inhaled dose of 0.001 to 300 mg per day or 0.001 to 50 mg per day or 0.01 to 30 mg per day or 0.01 to 5 mg per day or 0.02 to 2 mg per day, of the compound of the formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, calculated as the free base.
The compounds, salts and/or pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention may also be used in combination with another therapeutically active agent, for example, a β2 adrenoreceptor agonist, an anti-histamine, an anti-allergic or an anti-inflammatory agent.
The invention thus provides, in a further aspect, a combination comprising a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof together with another therapeutically active agent, for example, a β2-adrenoreceptor agonist, an anti-histamine, an anti-allergic, an anti-inflammatory agent or an antiinfective agent.
Preferably, the β2-adrenoreceptor agonist is salmeterol (e.g. as racemate or a single enantiomer such as the R-enantiomer), salbutamol, formoterol, salmefamol, fenoterol or terbutaline, or a salt thereof (e.g. pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof), for example the xinafoate salt of salmeterol, the sulphate salt or free base of salbutamol or the fumarate salt of formoterol. Long-acting β2-adrenoreceptor agonists are preferred, especially those having a therapeutic effect over a 12-24 hour period such as salmeterol or formoterol. Preferably, the β2-adrenoreceptor agonist is for inhaled administration, e.g. once per day and/or for simultaneous inhaled administration; and more preferably the β2-adrenoreceptor agonist is in particle-size-reduced form e.g. as defined herein. Preferably, the β2-adrenoreceptor agonist combination is for treatment and/or prophylaxis of COPD or asthma. Salmeterol or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, e.g. salmeterol xinofoate, is preferably administered to humans at an inhaled dose of 25 to 50 micrograms twice per day (measured as the free base). The combination with a β2-adrenoreceptor agonist can be as described in WO 00/12078.
Preferred long acting β2-adrenoreceptor agonists include those described in WO 02/066422A, WO 03/024439, WO 02/070490 and WO 02/076933.
Especially preferred long-acting β2-adrenoreceptor agonists include compounds of formula (XX) (described in WO 02/066422):
or a salt or solvate thereof, wherein in formula (XX):
mX is an integer of from 2 to 8;
nX is an integer of from 3 to 11,
with the proviso that mX+nX is 5 to 19,
R11X is —XSO2NR16XR17X wherein X is —(CH2)pX— or C2-6 alkenylene;
R16X and R17X are independently selected from hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C3-7cycloalkyl, C(O)NR18XR19X, phenyl, and phenyl (C1-4alkyl)-,
or R16X and R17X, together with the nitrogen to which they are bonded, form a 5-, 6-, or 7-membered nitrogen containing ring, and R16X and R17X are each optionally substituted by one or two groups selected from halo, C1-6alkyl, C1-6haloalkyl, C1-6alkoxy, hydroxy-substituted C1-6alkoxy, —CO2R18X, —SO2NR18XR19X, —CONR18XR19X, —NR18XC(O)R19X, or a 5-, 6- or 7-membered heterocylic ring;
R18X and R19X are independently selected from hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C3-6cycloalkyl, phenyl, and phenyl (C1-4alkyl)-; and pX is an integer of from 0 to 6, preferably from 0 to 4;
R12X and R13X are independently selected from hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkoxy, halo, phenyl, and C1-6haloalkyl; and
R14X and R15X are independently selected from hydrogen and C1-4alkyl with the proviso that the total number of carbon atoms in R14X and R15X is not more than 4.
Preferred β2-adrenoreceptor agonists disclosed in WO 02/066422 include:
A preferred β2-adrenoreceptor agonist disclosed in WO 03/024439 is:
A combination of a compound of formula (I) or salt together with an anti-histamine is preferably for oral administration (e.g. as a combined composition such as a combined tablet), and can be for treatment and/or prophylaxis of allergic rhinitis. Examples of anti-histamines include methapyrilene, or H1 antagonists such as cetirizine, loratadine (e.g. Clarityn™), desloratadine (e.g. Clarinex™) or fexofenadine (e.g. Allegra™).
The invention also provides, in a further aspect, a combination comprising a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof together with an anticholinergic compound, e.g. a muscarinic (M) receptor antagonist in particular an M1, M2, M1/M2, or M3 receptor antagonist, more preferably a M3 receptor antagonist, still more preferably a M3 receptor antagonist which selectively antagonises (e.g. antagonises 10 times or more strongly) the M3 receptor over the M1 and/or M2 receptor. For combinations of anticholinergic compounds/muscarinic (M) receptor antagonist with PDE4 inhibitors, see for example WO 03/011274 A2 and WO 02/069945 A2/US 2002/0193393 A1 and US 2002/052312 A1, and some or all of these publications give examples of anticholinergic compounds/muscarinic (M) receptor antagonists which may be used with the compounds of formula (I) or salts, and/or suitable pharmaceutical compositions. For example, the muscarinic receptor antagonist can comprise or be an ipratropium salt (e.g. ipratropium bromide), an oxitropium salt (e.g. oxitropium bromide), or more preferably a tiotropium salt (e.g. tiotropium bromide); see e.g. EP 418 716 A1 for tiotropium.
The anticholinergic compound or muscarinic (M) receptor antagonist, e.g. M3 receptor antagonist, is preferably for inhaled administration, more preferably in particle-size-reduced form e.g. as defined herein. More preferably, both the muscarinic (M) receptor antagonist and the compound of formula (I) or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof are for inhaled administration. Preferably, the anticholinergic compound or muscarinic receptor antagonist and the compound of formula (I) or salt are for simultaneous administration. The muscarinic receptor antagonist combination is preferably for treatment and/or prophylaxis of COPD.
Other suitable combinations include, for example, a combination comprising a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof together with another anti-inflammatory agent such as an anti-inflammatory corticosteroid; or a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) such as a leukotriene antagonist (e.g. montelukast), an iNOS inhibitor, a tryptase inhibitor, a elastase inhibitor, a beta-2 integrin antagonist, a adenosine 2a agonist, a CCR3 antagonist, or a 5-lipoxogenase inhibitor; or an antiinfective agent (e.g. an antibiotic or an antiviral). An iNOS inhibitor is preferably for oral administration. Suitable iNOS inhibitors (inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitors) include those disclosed in WO 93/13055, WO 98/30537, WO 02/50021, WO 95/34534 and WO 99/62875. Suitable CCR3 inhibitors include those disclosed in WO 02/26722.
In a combination comprising a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof together with an anti-inflammatory corticosteroid (which is preferably for treatment and/or prophylaxis of asthma, COPD or allergic rhinitis), then preferably the anti-inflammatory corticosteroid is fluticasone, fluticasone propionate (e.g. see U.S. Pat. No. 4,335,121), beclomethasone, beclomethasone 17-propionate ester, beclomethasone 17,21-dipropionate ester, dexamethasone or an ester thereof, mometasone or an ester thereof, ciclesonide, budesonide, flunisolide, or a compound as described in WO 02/12266 A1 (e.g. as claimed in any of claims 1 to 22 therein), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of any of the above. If the anti-inflammatory corticosteroid is a compound as described in WO 02/12266 A1, then preferably it is Example 1 therein {which is 6α,9α-difluoro-17α-[(2-furanylcarbonyl)oxy]-11β-hydroxy-16α-methyl-3-oxo-androsta-1,4-diene-17β-carbothioic acid S-fluoromethyl ester} or Example 41 therein {which is 6α,9α-difluoro-11β-hydroxy-16%-methyl-17α-[(4-methyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carbonyl)oxy]-3-oxo-androsta-1,4-diene-17β-3-carbothioic acid S-fluoromethyl ester}, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The anti-inflammatory corticosteroid is preferably for intranasal or inhaled administration. Fluticasone propionate is preferred and is preferably for inhaled administration to a human either (a) at a dose of 250 micrograms once per day or (b) at a dose of 50 to 250 micrograms twice per day.
Also provided is a combination comprising a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof together with β2-adrenoreceptor agonist and an anti-inflammatory corticosteroid, for example as described in WO 03/030939 A1. Preferably this combination is for treatment and/or prophylaxis of asthma, COPD or allergic rhinitis. The β2-adrenoreceptor agonist and/or the anti-inflammatory corticosteroid can be as described above and/or as described in WO 03/030939 A1. Most preferably, in this “triple” combination, the β2-adrenoreceptor agonist is salmeterol or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof (e.g. salmeterol xinafoate) and the anti-inflammatory corticosteroid is fluticasone propionate.
The combinations referred to above may conveniently be presented for use in the form of a pharmaceutical composition and thus a pharmaceutical composition comprising a combination as defined above together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and/or excipients represent a further aspect of the invention.
The individual compounds of such combinations may be administered either sequentially or simultaneously in separate or combined pharmaceutical composition.
In one embodiment, the combination as defined herein can be for simultaneous inhaled administration and is disposed in a combination inhalation device. Such a combination inhalation device is another aspect of the invention. Such a combination inhalation device can comprise a combined pharmaceutical composition for simultaneous inhaled administration (e.g. dry powder composition), the composition comprising all the individual compounds of the combination, and the composition being incorporated into a plurality of sealed dose containers mounted longitudinally in a strip or ribbon inside the inhalation device, the containers being rupturable or peel-openable on demand; for example such inhalation device can be substantially as described in GB 2,242,134 A (DISKUS™) and/or as described above. Alternatively, the combination inhalation device can be such that the individual compounds of the combination are administrable simultaneously but are stored separately (or wholly or partly stored separately for triple combinations), e.g. in separate pharmaceutical compositions, for example as described in PCT/EP03/00598 filed on 22 Jan. 2003, published as WO 03/061743 (e.g. as described in the claims thereof e.g. claim 1).
The invention also provides a method of preparing a combination as defined herein,
the method comprising either
(a) preparing a separate pharmaceutical composition for administration of the individual compounds of the combination either sequentially or simultaneously, or
(b) preparing a combined pharmaceutical composition for administration of the individual compounds of the combination simultaneously,
wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises the combination together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and/or excipients.
The invention also provides a combination as defined herein, prepared by a method as defined herein.
The activity of the compounds can be measured in the assay methods shown below.
Preferred compounds of the invention are selective PDE4 inhibitors, i.e. they inhibit PDE4 (e.g. PDE4B and/or PDE4D, preferably PDE4B) more strongly than they inhibit PDE3 and/or more strongly than they inhibit PDE5 and/or more strongly than they inhibit PDE6.
Possible PDE Enzyme Sources and Literature References
Human recombinant PDE4B, in particular the 2B splice variant thereof (HSPDE4B2B), is disclosed in WO 94/20079 and also M. M. McLaughlin et al., “A low Km, rolipram-sensitive, cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase from human brain: cloning and expression of cDNA, biochemical characterisation of recombinant protein, and tissue distribution of mRNA”, J. Biol. Chem., 1993, 268, 6470-6476. For example, in Example 1 of WO 94/20079, human recombinant PDE4B is described as being expressed in the PDE-deficient yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain GL62, e.g. after induction by addition of 150 uM CuSO4, and 100,000×g supernatant fractions of yeast cell lysates are described for use in the harvesting of PDE4B enzyme.
Human recombinant PDE4D (HSPDE4D3A) is disclosed in P. A. Baecker et al., “Isolation of a cDNA encoding a human rolipram-sensitive cyclic AMP phoshodiesterase (PDE IVD)”, Gene, 1994, 138, 253-256.
Human recombinant PDE5 is disclosed in K. Loughney et al., “Isolation and characterisation of cDNAs encoding PDE5A, a human cGMP-binding, cGMP-specific 3′,5′-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase”, Gene, 1998, 216, 139-147.
PDE3 can be purified from bovine aorta as described by H. Coste and P. Grondin, “Characterisation of a novel potent and specific inhibitor of type V phosphodiesterase”, Biochem. Pharmacol., 1995, 50, 1577-1585.
PDE6 can be purified from bovine retina as described by: P. Catty and P. Deterre, “Activation and solubilization of the retinal cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase by limited proteolysis”, Eur. J. Biochem., 1991, 199, 263-269; A. Tar et al. “Purification of bovine retinal cGMP phosphodiesterase”, Methods in Enzymology, 1994, 238, 3-12; and/or D. Srivastava et al. “Effects of magnesium on cyclic GMP hydrolysis by the bovine retinal rod cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase”, Biochem. J., 1995, 308, 653-658.
The ability of compounds to inhibit catalytic activity at PDE4B or 4D (human recombinant), PDE3 (from bovine aorta), PDE5 (human recombinant) or PDE6 (from bovine retina) can optionally be determined by Scintillation Proximity Assay (SPA) in 96-well format.
Test compounds (as a solution in DMSO, preferably about 2 microlitre (ul) volume of DMSO solution) are preincubated at ambient temperature (room temperature, e.g. 19-23° C.) in Wallac Isoplates (code 1450-514) with PDE enzyme in 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer pH 7.5, 8.3 mM MgCl2, 1.7 mM EGTA, 0.05% (w/v) bovine serum albumin for 10-30 minutes (usually 30 minutes). The enzyme concentration is adjusted so that no more than 20% hydrolysis of the substrate defined below occurs in control wells without compound, during the incubation. For the PDE3, PDE4B and PDE4D assays, [5′,8-3H]Adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic phosphate (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, code TRK.559; or Amersham Biosciences UK Ltd, Pollards Wood, Chalfont St Giles, Buckinghamshire HP8 4SP, UK) is added to give 0.05 uCi per well and about 10 nM final concentration. For the PDE5 and PDE6 assays, [8-3H]Guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic phosphate (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, code TRK.392) is added to give 0.05 uCi per well and about 36 nM final concentration. Plates containing assay mixture, preferably approx. 100 ul volume of assay mixture, are mixed on an orbital shaker for 5 minutes and incubated at ambient temperature for 1 hour. Phosphodiesterase SPA beads (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, code RPNQ 0150) are added (about 1 mg per well) to terminate the assay. Plates are sealed and shaken and allowed to stand at ambient temperature for 35 minutes to 1 hour (preferably 35 minutes) to allow the beads to settle. Bound radioactive product is measured using a WALLAC TRILUX 1450 Microbeta scintillation counter. For inhibition curves, 10 concentrations (1.5 nM-30 uM) of each compound are assayed. Curves are analysed using ActivityBase and XLfit (ID Business Solutions Limited, 2 Ocean Court, Surrey Research Park, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7QB, United Kingdom) Results are expressed as pIC50 values.
In an alternative to the above radioactive SPA assay, PDE4B or PDE4D inhibition can be measured in the following Fluorescence Polarisation (FP) assay:
The ability of compounds to inhibit catalytic activity at PDE4B (human recombinant) or PDE4D (human recombinant) can optionally be determined by IMAP Fluorescence Polarisation (FP) assay (IMAP Explorer kit, available from Molecular Devices Corporation, Sunnydale, Calif., USA; Molecular Devices code: R8062) in 384-well format.
The IMAP FP assay is able to measure PDE activity in an homogenous, non-radioactive assay format. The FP assay uses the ability of immobilised trivalent metal cations, coated onto nanoparticles (tiny beads), to bind the phosphate group of Fl-AMP that is produced on the hydrolysis of fluorescein-labelled (Fl) cyclic adenosine mono-phosphate (Fl-cAMP) to the non-cyclic Fl-AMP form. Fl-cAMP does not bind. Binding of Fl-AMP product to the beads (coated with the immobilised trivalent cations) slows the rotation of the bound Fl-AMP and leads to an increase in the fluorescence polarisation ratio of parallel to perpendicular light. Inhibition of the PDE reduces/inhibits this signal increase.
Test compounds (small volume, e.g. ca. 0.5 to 1 ul, preferably ca. 0.5 ul, of solution in DMSO) are preincubated at ambient temperature (room temperature, e.g. 19-23° C.) in black 384-well microtitre plates (supplier: NUNC, code 262260) with PDE enzyme in 10 mM Tris-HCl buffer pH 7.2, 10 mM MgCl2, 0.1% (w/v) bovine serum albumin, and 0.05% NaN3 for 10-30 minutes. The enzyme level is set by experimentation so that reaction is linear throughout the incubation. Fluorescein adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic phosphate (from Molecular Devices Corporation, Molecular Devices code: R7091) is added to give about 40 nM final concentration (final assay volume usually ca. 20-40 ul, preferably ca. 20 ul). Plates are mixed on an orbital shaker for 10 seconds and incubated at ambient temperature for 40 minutes. IMAP binding reagent (as described above, from Molecular Devices Corporation, Molecular Devices code: R7207) is added (60 ul of a 1 in 400 dilution in binding buffer of the kit stock solution) to terminate the assay. Plates are allowed to stand at ambient temperature for 1 hour. The Fluorescence Polarisation (FP) ratio of parallel to perpendicular light is measured using an Analyst™ plate reader (from Molecular Devices Corporation). For inhibition curves, 10 concentrations (1.5 nM-30 uM) of each compound are assayed. Curves are analysed using ActivityBase and XLfit (ID Business Solutions Limited, 2 Ocean Court, Surrey Research Park, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7QB, United Kingdom). Results are expressed as pIC50 values.
In the FP assay, reagents are usually dispensed using Multidrop™ (available from Thermo Labsystems Oy, Ratastie 2, PO Box 100, Vantaa 01620, Finland).
For a given PDE4 inhibitor, the PDE4B (or PDE4D) inhibition values measured using the SPA and FP assays can differ slightly. However, in a regression analysis of 100 test compounds (not necessarily compounds of the invention), the pIC50 inhibition values measured using SPA and FP assays have been found generally to agree within about 0.5 log units, for each of PDE4B and PDE4D (linear regression coefficient 0.966 for PDE4B and 0.971 for PDE4D; David R. Mobbs et al., “Comparison of the IMAP Fluorescence Polarisation Assay with the Scintillation Proximity Assay for Phosphodiesterase Activity”, poster presented at 2003 Molecular Devices UK & Europe User Meeting, 2 Oct. 2003, Down Hall, Harlow, Essex, United Kingdom).
Biological Data obtained for some of the Examples (PDE4B inhibitory activity, either as one reading or as an average of several (e.g. ca. 2-6) readings) are generally as follows, based on measurements only, generally using SPA and/or FP assays generally as described above or generally similar to those described above. In each of the SPA and FP assays, absolute accuracy of measurement is not possible, and the readings given are thought to be accurate only up to about ±0.5 of a log unit, depending on the number of readings made and averaged:
A large majority or substantially all of the Examples have been tested for PDE4B inhibition, normally using the radioactive SPA assay and/or the FP assay generally as described above or generally similar to those described above. A large majority or substantially all of the Examples tested have PDE4B inhibitory activities in the range of pIC50=about 6 (±about 0.5) to about 10.1 (±about 0.5). Where an Example is described in the Examples section below as capable of being made using a possible reagent source which is an Intermediate (e.g. which might have a defined or enriched or no benzylic carbon atom (CR4R5) stereochemistry), then, without any guarantee, the PDE4B inhibition pIC50 values mentioned above are thought to be, in general, those obtained for the Example when made using that Intermediate specified in the Examples section.
Only selected ones of the PDE4B-tested Examples have also been tested, on an optional basis, for one or more of: PDE3, PDE5 or PDE6 inhibition using the above-described or other assays.
Of the Examples tested for PDE4B and PDE5 inhibition, those selected Examples wherein R3=cyclohexyl (NHR3=sub-formula (c)), tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl (NHR3=group (h)), 4-oxocyclohexyl (NHR3=sub-formula (O)), cis-3-hydroxy-cyclohexyl (NHR3=sub-formula (n) in cis configuration), 4-(hydroxyimino)cyclohexyl (NHR3=sub-formula (o2), 4-(aminocarbonyl)cyclohexyl (NHR3=sub-formula (p9), especially with majority of cis isomer or cis/trans mixtures), or 1-(aminocarbonyl)-4-piperidinyl (NHR3 is of sub-formula (k2)), and wherein R1 is ethyl, R2 is H and having preferred —NH—C(R4)(R5)—Ar groups, sometimes or often exhibit selectivity for PDE4B over PDE5, as measured in the above enzyme inhibition assays and/or in generally-similar assays or other assays.
Emesis: Some known PDE4 inhibitors can cause emesis and/or nausea to greater or lesser extents, especially after systemic exposure e.g. after oral administration (e.g. see Z. Huang et al., Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, 2001, 5: 432-438, see especially pages 433-434 and refs cited therein). Therefore, it would be preferable, but not essential, if a PDE4 inhibitory compound or salt of the invention were to cause only limited or manageable emetic side-effects, e.g. after oral or parenteral administration. Emetic side-effects can for example be measured by the emetogenic potential of the compound or salt when administered to ferrets; for example one can measure the time to onset, extent, frequency and/or duration of vomiting, retching and/or writhing in ferrets after oral or parenteral administration of the compound or salt. See for example 1n vivo Assay 4 hereinafter for one optional measurement method for anti-inflammatory effect, emetic side-effects and therapeutic index (TI) in the ferret. See also for example A. Robichaud et al., “Emesis induced by inhibitors of [PDE IV] in the ferret”, Neuropharmacology, 1999, 38, 289-297, erratum Neuropharmacology, 2001, 40, 465-465. However, optionally, emetic side-effects and therapeutic index (TI) in rats can be conveniently measured by monitoring the pica feeding behaviour of rats after administration of the compound or salt of the invention (see In Vivo Assay 2 below).
Other side effects: Some known PDE4 inhibitors can cause other side effects such as headache and other central nervous system (CNS-) mediated side effects; and/or gastrointestinal (GI) tract disturbances. Therefore, it would be preferable but not essential if a particular PDE4 inhibitory compound or salt of the invention were to cause only limited or manageable side-effects in one or more of these side-effect categories.
Inhibition of TNFα (TNF-Alpha) Production in Human Whole Blood
This is a useful optional supplementary test, e.g. for potentially orally-administrable PDE4 inhibitors.
Test compounds are prepared as a ca. 10 mM stock solution in DMSO and a dilution series prepared in DMSO with 8 successive 3-fold dilutions, either directly from the mM stock solution or from a more dilute solution in DMSO. The compound is added to assay plates using a Biomek Fx liquid handling robot.
Heparinised blood drawn from normal volunteers is dispensed (ca. 100 μl=ca. 100 ul) into microtitre plate wells containing ca. 0.5 or ca. 1.01 (ul) of an appropriately diluted test compound solution. After ca. 1 hr incubation at ca. 37° C., 5% CO2, ca. 25 μl (ca. 25 ul) of LPS (lipopolysaccharide) solution (S. typhosa) in RPMI 1640 (containing 1% L-glutamine and 1% Penicillin/streptomycin) is added (ca. 50 ng/ml final). The samples are incubated at ca. 37° C., 5% CO2, for ca. 20 hours, and ca. 100 μl (ca. 100 ul) physiological saline (0.138% NaCl) is added, and diluted plasma is collected using a Platemate or Biomek FX liquid handling robot after centrifugation at ca. 1300 g for ca. 10 min. Plasma TNFα content is determined by electrochemiluminescence assay using the IGEN technology (see below) or by enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) (see below).
This is a useful optional supplementary test, e.g. for potentially inhalably-administrable PDE4 inhibitors.
Test compounds are prepared as a ca. 10 mM stock solution in DMSO and a dilution series prepared in DMSO with 8 successive 3-fold dilutions, either directly from the mM stock solution or from a more dilute solution in DMSO. The compound is added to assay plates using a Biomek Fx liquid handling robot.
PBMC cells (monocytes) are prepared from heparinised human blood from normal volunteers by centrifugation on histopaque at ca. 1000 g for ca. 30 minutes. The cells are collected from the interface, washed by centrifugation (ca. 1300 g, ca. 10 minutes) and resuspended in assay buffer (RPMI1640 containing 10% foetal calf serum, 1% L-glutamine and 1% penicillin/streptomycin) at 1×106 cells/ml. Ca. 50 μl (ca. 50 ul) cells are added to microtitre wells containing ca. 0.5 or ca/1.0 μl (ul) of an appropriately diluted compound solution. Ca. 75 μl (ul) LPS (ca. 1 ng/ml final) is added and the samples are incubated at 37° C., 5% CO2, for 20 hours. The supernatant is removed and the concentrations of TNF are determined by electrochemiluminescence assay using the IGEN technology or by ELISA (see below).
Ca. 50 μl supernatant from either whole blood or PBMC assay plates is transferred to a 96 well polypropylene plate. Each plate also contains a TNFα standard curve (ca. 0 to 30000 pg/ml: R+D Systems, 210-TA). Ca. 50 μl (ul) of streptavidin/biotinylated anti-TNFα antibody mix, ca. 25 μl ruthenium tagged anti-TNFα monoclonal and ca. 100 μl PBS containing 0.1% bovine serum albumin are added to each well and the plates are sealed and shaken for ca. 2 hours before being read on an IGEN instrument.
Human TNFα can be assayed using a commercial assay kit (AMS Biotechnology, 211-90-164-40) according to the manufacturers' instructions but with TNFα calibration curves prepared using Pharmingen TNFα (cat No. 555212).
The in vitro enzymatic PDE4B inhibition assay(s) described above or generally similar assays should be regarded as being the primary test(s) of biological activity. However, some additional in vivo biological tests, which are optional and which are not an essential measure of either efficacy or side-effects, and which have not necessarily been carried out, are described below.
Pulmonary neutrophil influx has been shown to be a significant component to the family of pulmonary diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) which can involve chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema (G. F. Filley, Chest. 2000; 117(5); 251s-260s). The purpose of this neutrophilia model is to study the potentially anti-inflammatory effects in vivo of orally administered PDE4 inhibitors on neutrophilia induced by inhalation of aerosolized lipopolysaccharide (LPS), modelling the neutrophil inflammatory component(s) of COPD. See the literature section below for scientific background.
Male Lewis rats (Charles River, Raleigh, N.C., USA) weighing approximately 300-400 grams are pretreated with either (a) test compound, for example suspended in ca. 0.5% methylcellulose (obtainable from Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, Mo., USA) in water or (b) vehicle only, delivered orally in a dose volume of ca. 10 ml/kg. Generally, dose response curves can for example be generated using the following approx. doses of PDE4 inhibitors: 2.0, 0.4, 0.08, 0.016 and 0.0032 mg/kg. About thirty minutes following pretreatment, the rats are exposed to aerosolized LPS (Serotype E. coli 026:B6 prepared by trichloroacetic acid extraction, obtainable from Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, Mo., USA), generated from a nebulizer containing a ca. 100 μg/ml LPS solution (ca. 100 ug/ml). Rats are exposed to the LPS aerosol at a rate of ca. 4 L/min for ca. 20 minutes. LPS exposure is carried out in a closed chamber with internal dimensions of roughly 45 cm length×24 cm width×20 cm height. The nebulizer and exposure chamber are contained in a certified fume hood. At about 4 hours-post LPS exposure the rats are euthanized by overdose with pentobarbital at ca. 90 mg/kg, administered intraperitoneally. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is performed through a 14 gauge blunt needle into the exposed trachea. Five, 5 ml washes are performed to collect a total of 25 ml of BAL fluid. Total cell counts and leukocyte differentials are performed on BAL fluid in order to calculate neutrophil influx into the lung. Percent neutrophil inhibition at each dose (cf. vehicle) is calculated and a variable slope, sigmoidal dose-response curve is generated, usually using Prism Graph-Pad. The dose-response curve is used to calculate an ED50 value (in mg per kg of body weight) for inhibition by the PDE4 inhibitor of the LPS-induced neutrophilia.
Alternative method: In an alternative simpler embodiment of the procedure, a single oral dose of 10 mg/kg, or more usually 1.0 mg/kg or 0.3 mg/kg, of the PDE4 inhibitor (or vehicle) is administered to the rats, and percent neutrophil inhibition is calculated and reported for that specific dose.
Literature:
Background: Selective PDE4 inhibitors have been shown to inhibit inflammation in various in vitro and in vivo models by increasing intracellular levels of cAMP of many immune cells (e.g. lymphocytes, monocytes). However, a side effect of some PDE4 inhibitors in some species is emesis. Because many rat models of inflammation are well characterized, they can be used in procedures (see e.g. In Vivo Assay 1 above) to show beneficial anti-inflammatory effects of PDE 4 inhibitors. However rats have no emetic response (they have no vomit reflex), so that the relationship between beneficial anti-inflammatory effects of PDE 4 inhibitors and emesis is difficult to study directly in rats.
However, in 1991, Takeda et al. (see Literature section below) demonstrated that the pica feeding response is analogous to emesis in rats. Pica feeding is a behavioural response to illness in rats wherein rats eat non-nutritive substances such as earth or in particular clay (e.g. kaolin) which may help to absorb toxins. Pica feeding can be induced by motion and chemicals (especially chemicals which are emetic in humans), and can be inhibited pharmacologically with drugs that inhibit emesis in humans. The Rat Pica Model, In Vivo Assay 2, can determine the level of pica response of rats to PDE 4 inhibition at pharmacologically relevant doses in parallel to in vivo anti-inflammatory Assays in (a separate set of) rats (e.g. In Vivo Assay 1 above).
Anti-inflammatory and pica assays in the same species together can provide data on the “therapeutic index” (TI) in the rat of the compounds/salts of the invention. The Rat TI can for example be calculated as the ratio of a) the potentially-emetic Pica Response ED50 dose from Assay 2 to b) the rat anti-inflammatory ED50 dose (e.g. measured by rat neutrophilia-inhibition in eg In Vivo Assay 1), with larger TI ratios possibly indicating lower emesis at many anti-inflammatory doses. This might allow a choice of a non-emetic or low-emetic pharmaceutical dose of the compounds or salts of the invention which has an anti-inflammatory effect. It is recognised however that achieving a low-emetic PDE4 inhibitory compound is not essential to the invention.
Procedure: On the first day of the experiment, the rats are housed individually in cages without bedding or “enrichment”. The rats are kept off of the cage floor by a wire screen. Pre-weighed food cups containing standard rat chow and clay pellets are placed in the cage. The clay pellets, obtainable from Languna Clay Co, City of Industry, Calif., USA, are the same size and shape as the food pellets. The rats are acclimated to the clay for 72 hours, during which time the cups and food and clay debris from the cage are weighed daily on an electronic balance capable of measuring to the nearest 0.1 grams. By the end of the 72 hour acclimation period the rats generally show no interest in the clay pellets.
At the end of 72 hours the rats are placed in clean cages and the food cups weighed. Rats that are still consuming clay regularly are removed from the study. Immediately prior to the dark cycle (the time when the animals are active and should be eating) the animals are split into treatment groups and dosed orally with a dose of the compound/salt of the invention (different doses for different treatment groups) or with vehicle alone, at a dose volume of ca. 2 ml/kg. In this oral dosing, the compound/salt can for example be in the form of a suspension in ca. 0.5% methylcellulose (obtainable Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Mo., USA) in water. The food and clay cups and cage debris are weighed the following day and the total clay and food consumed that night by each individual animal is calculated.
A dose response is calculated by first converting the data into quantal response, where animals are either positive or negative for the pica response. A rat is “pica positive” if it consumes greater than or equal to 0.3 grams of clay over the mean of its control group. The D50 value is usually calculated using logistic regression performed by the Statistica software statistical package. A Pica Response ED50 value in mg per kg of body weight can then be calculated.
The Pica Response ED50 value can be compared to the neutrophilia-inhibition ED50 values for the same compound administered orally to the rat (measurable by In Vivo Assay 1 above), so that a Therapeutic Index (TI) in rats can be calculated thus:
In general, the Therapeutic Index (TI) calculated this way is often substantially different to, and for example can often be substantially higher than, the TI (D20/D50) calculated in the ferret (see In vivo Assay 4 below).
Alternatively, e.g. for a simpler test, the In Vivo Assay 2 (pica) can use only a single oral dose of the test compound (e.g. 10 mg/kg orally).
Literature:
This assay is an animal model of inflammation in the lung—specifically neutrophilia induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)—and allows the study of putative inhibition of such neutrophilia (anti-inflammatory effect) by intratracheally (i.t.) administered PDE4 inhibitors. The PDE4 inhibitors are preferably in dry powder or wet suspension form. I.t. administration is one model of inhaled administration, allowing topical delivery to the lung.
Animals: Male CD (Sprague Dawley Derived) rats supplied by Charles River, Raleigh, N.C., USA or Charles River, United Kingdom are housed in groups of 5 rats per cage, acclimatised after delivery for at least 5 days with bedding/nesting material regularly changed, fed on SDS diet R1 pelleted food given ad lib, and supplied with daily-changed pasteurised animal grade drinking water.
Device for dry powder administration: Disposable 3-way tap between dosing needle and syringe. The intratracheal dosing device (a 3-way sterile tap, Vycon 876.00; or Penn Century dry powder insufflator, DP-4) is weighed, the drug blend or inhalation grade lactose (vehicle control) is then added to the tap, the tap is closed to prevent loss of drug, and the tap is re-weighed to determine the weight of drug in the tap. After dosing, the tap is weighed again to determine the weight of drug that had left the tap. The needle, a Sigma Z21934-7 syringe needle 19-gauge 152 mm (6 inches) long with luer hub, is cut by engineering to approximately 132 mm (5.2 inches), a blunt end is made to prevent them damaging the rat's trachea, and the needle is weighed prior to and after drug delivery to confirm that no drug is retained in the needles after dosing.
Device for wet suspension administration: This is the similar to the above but a blunt dosing needle, whose forward end was slightly angled to the needle axis, is used, with a flexible plastic portex canula inserted into the needle.
Drugs and Materials: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (Serotype:0127:B8) (e.g. L3129 Lot 61K4075) is dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). PDE4 inhibitors are preferably used in size-reduced (e.g. micronised) form, for example according to the Micronisation Example(s) given above.
For dry powder administration of the drug, the Dry Powder Formulation Example given above, comprising drug and inhalation-grade lactose, can optionally be used. One suitable inhalation-grade lactose that can be used (e.g. Lot E98L4675 Batch 845120) has 10% fines (10% of material under 15 um (15 micron) particle size measured by Malvern particle size).
Wet suspensions of the drug (aqueous) can be prepared by adding the required volume of vehicle to the drug; the vehicle used can for example be saline alone or a mixture of saline/tween (e.g. 0.2% tween 80). The wet suspension is usually sonicated for ca. 10 minutes prior to use.
Preparation, and dosing with PDE 4 inhibitor: Rats are anaesthetised by placing the animals in a sealed Perspex chamber and exposing them to a gaseous mixture of isoflourane (4.5%), nitrous oxide (3 litres.minute−1) and oxygen (1 litre.minute−1). Once anaesthetised, the animals are placed onto a stainless steel i.t. dosing support table. They are positioned on their back at approximately a 35° angle. A light is angled against the outside of the throat to highlight the trachea. The mouth is opened and the opening of the upper airway visualised. The procedure varies for wet suspension and dry powder administration of PDE4 inhibitors as follows:
Dosing with a Wet suspension: A portex cannula is introduced via a blunt metal dosing needle that has been carefully inserted into the rat trachea. The animals are intratracheally dosed with vehicle or PDE4 inhibitor via the dosing needle with a new internal canula used for each different drug group. The formulation is slowly (ca. 10 seconds) dosed into the trachea using a syringe attached to the dosing needle.
Dosing with a Dry Powder: The The intratracheal dosing device (a three-way sterile tap device, Vycon 876.00; or Penn Century dry powder insufflator, DP-4) and needle are inserted into the rat trachea up to a pre-determined point established to be located approximately 1 cm above the primary bifurcation. Another operator holds the needle at the specified position whilst 2×4 ml of air (using 3-way tap device) is delivered through the three-way tap by depressing the syringes (ideally coinciding with the animal inspiring), aiming to expel the entire drug quantity from the tap. (Alternatively, 2×3 ml of air is delevered using Penn Century dry powder insufflator device.) After dosing, the needle and tap or device are removed from the airway, and the tap closed off to prevent any retained drug leaving the tap.
After dosing with either wet suspension or dry powder, the animals are then removed from the table and observed constantly until they have recovered from the effects of anaesthesia. The animals are returned to the holding cages and given free access to food and water; they are observed and any unusual behavioural changes noted.
Exposure to LPS: About 2 hours after i.t. dosing with vehicle control or the PDE4 inhibitor, the rats are placed into sealed Perspex containers and exposed to an aerosol of LPS (nebuliser concentration ca. 150 μg.ml−1=ca. 150 ug/ml) for ca. 15 minutes. Aerosols of LPS are generated by a nebuliser (DeVilbiss, USA) and this is directed into the Perspex exposure chamber. Following the 15-minute LPS-exposure period, the animals are returned to the holding cages and allowed free access to both food and water.
[In an alternative embodiment, the rats can be exposed to LPS less than 2 hours (e.g. about 30 minutes) after i.t. dosing. In another alternative embodiment, the rats can be exposed to LPS more than 2 hours (e.g. ca. 4 to ca. 24 hours) after i.t. dosing by vehicle or PDE4 inhibitor, to test whether or not the PDE4 inhibitor has a long duration of action (which is not essential).]
Bronchoalveolar lavage: About 4 hours after LPS exposure the animals are killed by overdose of sodium pentobarbitone (i.p.). The trachea is cannulated with polypropylene tubing and the lungs are lavaged (washed out) with 3×5 mls of heparinised (25 units.ml−1) phosphate buffered saline (PBS).
Neutrophil cell counts: The Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples are centrifuged at ca. 1300 rpm for ca. 7 minutes. The supernatant is removed and the resulting cell pellet resuspended in ca. 1 ml PBS. A cell slide of the resuspension fluid is prepared by placing ca. 100 μl (ca. 100 ul) of resuspended BAL fluid into cytospin holders and then is spun at ca. 5000 rpm for ca. 5 minutes. The slides are allowed to air dry and then stained with Leishmans stain (ca. 20 minutes) to allow differential cell counting. The total cells are also counted from the resuspension. From these two counts, the total numbers of neutrophils in the BAL are determined. For a measure of PDE4-inhibitor-induced inhibition of neutrophilia, a comparison of the neutrophil count in rats treated with vehicle and rats treated with PDE4 inhibitors is conducted.
By varying the dose of the PDE4 inhibitor used in the dosing step (e.g. 0.2 or 0.1 mg of PDE4 inhibitor per kg of body weight, down to e.g. 0.01 mg/kg), a dose-response curve can be generated.
The following materials can be used for these studies:
PDE4 inhibitors are prepared for oral (p.o.) administration by dissolving in a fixed volume (ca. 1 ml) of acetone and then adding cremophor to ca. 20% of the final volume. Acetone is evaporated by directing a flow of nitrogen gas onto the solution. Once the acetone is removed, the solution is made up to final volume with distilled water. LPS is dissolved in phosphate buffered saline.
Male ferrets (Mustela Pulorius Furo, weighing 1-2 kg) are transported and allowed to acclimatise for not less than 7 days. The diet comprises SDS diet C pelleted food given ad lib with Whiskers™ cat food given 3 times per week. The animals are supplied with pasteurised animal grade drinking water changed daily.
1.3.1 Dosing with PDE4 Inhibitors
PDE4 inhibitors are administered orally (p.o.), using a dose volume of ca. 1 ml/kg. Ferrets are fasted overnight but allowed free access to water. The animals are orally dosed with vehicle or PDE 4 inhibitor using a ca. 15 cm dosing needle that is passed down the back of the throat into the oesophagus. After dosing, the animals are returned to holding cages fitted with perspex doors to allow observation, and given free access to water. The animals are constantly observed and any emetic episodes (retching and vomiting) or behavioural changes are recorded. The animals are allowed access to food ca. 60-90 minutes after p.o. dosing.
About thirty minutes after oral dosing with compound or vehicle control, the ferrets are placed into sealed perspex containers and exposed to an aerosol of LPS (ca. 30 μg/ml=ca. 30 ug/ml) for ca. 10 minutes. Aerosols of LPS are generated by a nebuliser (DeVilbiss, USA) and this is directed into the perspex exposure chamber. Following a 10-minute exposure period, the animals are returned to the holding cages and allowed free access to water, and at a later stage, food. General observation of the animals continues for a period of at least 2.5 hours post oral dosing. All emetic episodes and behavioural changes are recorded.
About six hours after LPS exposure the animals are killed by overdose of sodium pentobarbitone administered intraperitoneally. The trachea is then cannulated with polypropylene tubing and the lungs lavaged twice with ca. 20 ml heparinised (10 units/ml) phosphate buffered saline (PBS). The bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples are centrifuged at ca. 1300 rpm for ca. 7 minutes. The supernatant is removed and the resulting cell pellet re-suspended in ca. 1 ml PBS. A cell smear of re-suspended fluid is prepared and stained with Leishmans stain to allow differential cell counting. A total cell count is made using the remaining re-suspended sample. From this, the total number of neutrophils in the BAL sample is determined.
The following parameters are recorded:
a) % inhibition of LPS-induced pulmonary neutrophilia to determine the dose of PDE4 inhibitor which gives 50% inhibition (D50).
b) Emetic episodes—the number of vomits and retches are counted to determine the dose of PDE4 inhibitor that gives a 20% incidence of emesis (D20).
c) A therapeutic index (TI), using this assay, is then calculated for each PDE4 inhibitor using the following equation:
It is noted that the Ferret Therapeutic index (TI) (D20/D50) calculated using this in vivo Assay 4 is often substantially different to, and for example is often substantially lower than, the Rat TI (50/50) calculated using the rat oral inflammation and pica feeding Assays 1+2.
The calculation of Ferret TI using the known PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast in this Assay 4 is approximately as follows:
D20 for emesis=about 0.46 mg/kg p.o.,
D50 for ferret neutroplilia=about 0.42 mg/kg p.o.,
Ferret TI=about 1.1.
All publications, including but not limited to patents and patent applications, cited in this specification are herein incorporated by reference as if each individual publication were specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference herein as though fully set forth.
The various aspects of the invention will now be described by reference to the following examples. These examples are merely illustrative and are not to be construed as a limitation of the scope of the present invention.
In this section, “Intermediates” can represent syntheses of intermediate compounds intended for use in the synthesis of one or more of the “Examples”, or “Intermediates” can represent syntheses of intermediate compounds which can be used in the synthesis of compounds of formula (I) or salts thereof. “Examples” are generally exemplary compounds or salts of the invention, for example compounds of formula (I) or (IB) or salts thereof.
Abbreviations used herein:
LCMS (liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy)
Waters ZQ mass spectrometer operating in positive ion electrospray mode, mass range 100-1000 amu.
UV wavelength: 215-330 nM
Column: 3.3 cm×4.6 mm ID, 3 μm ABZ+PLUS
Flow Rate: 3 ml/min
Solvent A: 95% acetonitrile+0.05% formic acid
Solvent B: 0.1% formic acid+10 mMolar ammonium acetate
Gradient: 0% A/0.7 min, 0-100% A/3.5 min, 100% A/1.1 min, 100-0% A/0.2 min
It should be noted that retention times (TRET) quoted herein may vary slightly (+/−0.1 in.) when samples were run on different Waters machines, even though the same type of column and identical flow rates, injection volumes, solvents and gradients were used.
The prep column used was a Supelcosil ABZplus (10 cm×2.12 cm) (usually 10 cm×2.12 cm×5 μm).
UV wavelength: 200-320 nM
Flow: 20 ml/min
Injection Volume: 1 ml; or more preferably 0.5 ml
Solvent A: 0.1% formic acid
Solvent B: 95% acetonitrile+5% formic acid; or more usually 99.95% acetonitrile+0.05% formic acid
Gradient: 100% A/1 min, 100-80% A/9 min, 80-1% A/3.5 min, 1% A/1.4 min, 1-100% A/0.1 min
ChiralPak AD, ChiralCel OD and ChiralCel OJ columns can be obtained from: Chiral Technologies Europe Sarl, Illkirch, France (Telephone: +33 (0)388795200; (cte@chiral.fr; www.chiral.fr).
Whelk-01 columns can be purchased from: Hichrom, 1, The Markham Centre, Station Road, Theale, Reading, Berks. RG7.4PE, United Kingdom (Telephone: +44 (0)1189303660; (info hichrom.co.uk; www.hichrom.co.uk). Hichrom are agents for the manufacturers Regis Technologies Inc., 8210 Austin Avenue, Morton Grove, Ill. 1.60053, USA; telephone: +1-847-967-6000; www.registech.com.
Reagents not detailed in the text below are usually commercially available from chemicals suppliers, e.g. established suppliers such as Sigma-Aldrich. The addresses and/or contact details of the suppliers for some of the starting materials mentioned in the Intermediates and Examples below or the Assays above, or suppliers of chemicals in general, are as follows:
AB Chem, Inc., 547 Davignon, Dollard-des-Ormeaux, Quebec, H9B1Y4, Canada
ABCR GmbH & CO. KG, P.O. Box 21 01 35, 76151 Karlsruhe, Germany
ACB Blocks Ltd; Kolokolnikov Per, 9/10 Building 2, Moscow, 103045, Russia
Aceto Color Intermediates (catalogue name), Aceto Corporation, One Hollow Lane, Lake Success, N.Y., 11042-1215, USA
Acros Organics, A Division of Fisher Scientific Company, 500 American Road, Morris Plains, N.J. 07950, USA
Apin Chemicals Ltd., 82 C Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RY, United Kingdom
Apollo Scientific Ltd., Unit 1A, Bingswood Industrial Estate, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire SK23 7LY, United Kingdom
Aldrich (catalogue name), Sigma-Aldrich Company Ltd., Dorset, United Kingdom, telephone: +44 1202 733114; Fax: +44 1202 715460; ukcustsv@eumotes.sial.com; or
Aldrich (catalogue name), Sigma-Aldrich Corp., P.O. Box 14508, St. Louis, Mo. 63178-9916, USA; telephone: +1-314-771-5765; fax: +1-3,4-771-5757; custserv@sial.com; or
Aldrich (catalogue name), Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Munich, Germany; telephone: +49 89 6513 0; Fax: +49 89 6513 1169; deorders@eumotes.sial.com.
Alfa Aesar, A Johnson Matthey Company, 30 Bond Street, Ward Hill, Mass. 01835-8099, USA
Amersham Biosciences UK Ltd, Pollards Wood, Chalfont St Giles, Buckinghamshire HP8 4SP, United Kingdom
Arch Corporation, 100 Jersey Avenue, Building D, New Brunswick, N.J. 08901, USA
Array Biopharma Inc., 1885 33rd Street, Boulder, Colo. 80301, USA
AstaTech, Inc., 8301 Torresdale Ave., 19C, Philadelphia, Pa. 19136, USA
Austin Chemical Company, Inc., 1565 Barclay Blvd., Buffalo Grove, Ill. 60089, USA
Avocado Research, Shore Road, Port of Heysham Industrial Park, Heysham, Lancashire LA3 2XY, United Kingdom
Bayer A G, Business Group Basic and Fine Chemicals, D-51368 Leverkusen, Germany
Berk Univar plc, Berk House, P.O. Box 56, Basing View, Basingstoke, Hants RG21 2E6, United Kingdom
Bionet Research Ltd; Highfield Industrial Estate, Camelford, Cornwall PL32 9QZ UK
Butt Park Ltd., Braysdown Works, Peasedown St. John, Bath BA2 8LL, United Kingdom
Chemical Building Blocks (catalogue name), Ambinter, 46 quai Louis Bleriot, Paris, F-75016, France
ChemBridge Europe, 4 Clark's Hill Rise, Hampton Wood, Evesham, Worcestershire WR11 6FW, United Kingdom
ChemService Inc., P.O. Box 3108, West Chester, Pa. 19381, USA
CiventiChem, PO Box 12041, Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27709, USA
Combi-Blocks Inc., 7949 Silverton Avenue, Suite 915, San Diego, Calif. 92126, USA
Dynamit Nobel GmbH, Germany; also available from: Saville Whittle Ltd (UK agents of Dynamit Nobel), Vickers Street, Manchester M40 8EF, United Kingdom
E. Merck, Germany; or E. Merck (Merck Ltd), Hunter Boulevard, Magna Park, Lutterworth, Leicestershire LE17 4XN, United Kingdom
Esprit Chemical Company, Esprit Plaza, 7680 Matoaka Road, Sarasota, Fla. 34243, USA
Exploratory Library (catalogue name), Ambinter, 46 quai Louis Bleriot, Paris, F-75016, France
Fluka Chemie A G, Industriestrasse 25, P.O. Box 260, CH-9471 Buchs, Switzerland
Fluorochem Ltd., Wesley Street, Old Glossop, Derbyshire SK13 7RY, United Kingdom
Heterocyclic Compounds Catalog (Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, University of Florida, PO Box 117200, Gainsville, Fla. 32611-7200 USA
ICN Biomedicals, Inc., 3300 Hyland Avenue, Costa Mesa, Calif. 92626, USA
Interchim Intermediates (catalogue name), Interchim, 213 Avenue Kennedy, BP 1140, Montlucon, Cedex, 03103, France
Key Organics Ltd., 3, Highfield Indusrial Estate, Camelford, Cornwall PL32 9QZ, United Kingdom
Lancaster Synthesis Ltd., Newgate, White Lund, Morecambe, Lancashire LA3 3DY, United Kingdom
Manchester Organics Ltd., Unit 2, Ashville Industrial Estate, Sutton Weaver, Runcorn, Cheshire WA7 3 PF, United Kingdom
Matrix Scientific, P.O. Box 25067, Columbia, S.C. 29224-5067, USA
Maybridge Chemical Company Ltd., Trevillett, Tintagel, Cornwall PL34 OHW, United Kingdom
Maybridge Combichem (catalogue name), Maybridge Chemical Company Ltd., Trevillett, Tintagel, Cornwall PL34 OHW, United Kingdom
Maybridge Reactive Intermediates (catalogue name), Maybridge Chemical Company Ltd., Trevillett, Tintagel, Cornwall PL34 OHW, United Kingdom
MicroChemistry Building Blocks (catalogue name), MicroChemistry-RadaPharma, Shosse Entusiastov 56, Moscow, 111123, Russia
Miteni S.p.A., Via Mecenate 90, Milano, 20138, Italy
Molecular Devices Corporation, Sunnydale, Calif., USA
N.D. Zelinsky Institute, Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prospect 47, 117913 Moscow B-334, Russia
Oakwood Products Inc., 1741, Old Dunbar Road, West Columbia, S.C., 29172, USA
OmegaChem. Inc., 8800, Boulevard de la Rive Sud, Levis, P Q, G6V 9H1, Canada
Optimer Building Block (catalogue name), Array BioPharma, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colo. 80301, USA
Peakdale Molecular Ltd., Peakdale Science Park, Sheffield Road, Chapel-en-1e-Frith, High Peak SK23 OPG, United Kingdom
Pfaltz & Bauer, Inc., 172 East Aurora Street, Waterbury, Conn. 06708, USA
Rare Chemicals (catalogue name), Rare Chemicals GmbH, Schulstrasse 6, 24214 Gettorf, Germany
SALOR (catalogue name) (Sigma Aldrich Library of Rare Chemicals), Aldrich Chemical Company Inc, 1001 West Saint Paul Avenue, Milwaukee, Wis. 53233, USA
Sigma (catalogue name), Sigma-Aldrich Corp., P.O. Box 14508, St. Louis, Mo. 63178-9916, USA; see “Aldrich” above for other non-US addresses and other contact details
SIGMA-RBI, One Strathmore Road, Natick, Mass. 01760-1312, USA
Synchem OHG Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, Kassel, D-34132, Germany
Syngene International Pvt Ltd, Hebbagodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore, India.
TCI America, 9211 North Harborgate Street, Portland, Oreg. 97203, USA
TimTec Building Blocks A or B, TimTec, Inc., P 0 Box 8941, Newark, Del. 19714-8941, USA
TimTec Overseas Stock, TimTec Inc., 100 Interchange Blvd. Newark, Del. 19711, USA
TimTec Stock Library, TimTec, Inc., P 0 Box 8941, Newark, Del. 19714-8941, USA
Trans World Chemicals, Inc., 14674 Southlawn Lane, Rockville, Md. 20850, USA
Ubichem PLC, Mayflower Close, Chandlers Ford Industrial Estate, Eastleigh, Hampshire SO53 4AR, United Kingdom
Ultrafine (UFC Ltd.), Synergy House, Guildhall Close, Manchester Science Park, Manchester M15 6SY, United Kingdom
This can be prepared from commercially available 5-amino-1-ethyl pyrazole as described by G. Yu et. al. in J. Med. Chem. 2001, 44, 1025-1027:
This can be prepared by oxidative cleavage (SeO2) of 1-furanylmethyl derivative, as described by T. M. Bare et. al. In J. Med. Chem., 1989, 32, 2561-2573, (further referenced to Zuleski, F. R., Kirkland, K. R., Melgar, M. D.; Malbica, J. Drug. Metab. Dispos., 1985, 13, 139):
Commercially available from Combi-Blocks Inc., 7949 Silverton Avenue, Suite 915, San Diego, Calif. 92126, USA (CAS 38041-19-9)
Dibenzylamine (34.5 g) and acetic acid (6.7 ml) were added to a stirred solution of tetrahydro-4H-pyran-4-one (16.4 g, commercially available from e.g. Aldrich) in dichloromethane (260 ml) at 0° C. to 5° C. After 2.5 h at 0° C. to 5° C., sodium triacetoxyborohydride (38.9 g) was added portionwise, and the mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature. After stirring at room temperature overnight, the reaction mixture was washed successively with 2M-sodium hydroxide (200 ml and 50 ml), water (2×50 ml) and brine (50 ml), then dried and evaporated to give a yellow oil (45 g). This oil was stirred with methanol (50 ml) at 4° C. for 30 min to give the product as a white solid (21.5 g). LCMS showed MH+=282; TRET=1.98 min.
N,N-dibenzyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-amine (20.5 g) was dissolved in ethanol (210 ml) and hydrogenated over 10% palladium on carbon catalyst (4 g) at 100 psi for 72 h at room temperature. The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was adjusted to pH 1 with 2M-hydrogen chloride in diethyl ether. Evaporation of solvents gave a solid which was triturated with diethyl ether to give the product as a white solid (9.23 g). 1H NMR (400 MHz in d6-DMSO, 27° C., δ ppm) 8.24 (br. s, 3H), 3.86 (dd, 12, 4 Hz, 2H), 3.31 (dt, 2, 12 Hz, 2H), 3.20 (m, 1H), 1.84 (m, 2H), 1.55 (dq, 4, 12 Hz, 2H).
This can be prepared from commercially available N1-benzyl-4-aminopiperidine as described by Yamada et. al. In WO 00/42011:
Intermediate 1 (0.20 g) and triethylamine (0.55 ml) were suspended in ethanol (8 ml) and 4-aminotetrahydropyran (Intermediate 2, 0.088 g) was added. The mixture was stirred under nitrogen and heated at 80° C. for 16 h, then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between DCM and water. The layers were separated and the organic layer was loaded directly onto an SPE cartridge (silica, 5 g) which was eluted sequentially with; (i) DCM, (ii) DCM:Et2O (2:1), (iii) DCM:Et2O (1:1), (iv) Et2O and (v) EtOAc. Fractions containing desired material were combined and concentrated in vacuo to afford Intermediate 4 (0.21 g). LCMS showed MH+=319; TRET=2.93 min.
Similarly prepared from Intermediate 1 were the following:
Alternative synthesis: Instead of the method shown above Intermediate 4 can also be made using the following Method B:
Method B: Intermediate 1 (2.5 g) was dissolved in acetonitrile (15 ml). 4-Aminotetrahydropyran hydrochloride (Intermediate 2A) (1.1 g) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (9.4 ml) were added and the mixture stirred under nitrogen at 85° C. for 16 h. A trace of starting material remained, so an additional portion of 4-aminotetrahydropyran hydrochloride (0.11 g) was added and stirring continued at 85° C. for a further 16 h. The mixture was then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between DCM and water. The layers were separated and the organic layer was washed with further water (2×20 ml) then dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was further purified by chromatography using Biotage (silica, 90 g), eluting with cyclohexane:ethyl acetate to afford Intermediate 4 (2.45 g). LCMS showed MH+=319; TRET=2.90 min.
Intermediate 1 (1.5 g, 5.9 mmol) was dissolved in MeCN (80 ml). Trans-4-aminocyclohexanol (0.817 g, 7.1 mmol, commercially available from TCI-America; alternatively (e.g. as the HCl salt) from Aldrich) and DIPEA (6.18 ml, 35.5 mmol) were added and the mixture was stirred at 85° C. for 16 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was partitioned between DCM (120 ml) and water (30 ml). The phases were separated and the organic phase was dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated to give a pale yellow solid. The solid was dissolved in a mixture of DCM (10 ml) and chloroform (3 ml), and applied in equal portions to two SPE cartridges (silica, 20 g) which were eluted sequentially with a gradient of EtOAc:cyclohexane (1:16, then 1:8, 1:4, 1:2, 1:1 and 1:0). Fractions containing the desired material were combined and evaporated in vacuo to give Intermediate 7 (1.89 g) as a white solid. LCMS showed MH+=333; TRET=2.79 min.
Intermediate 7 (1.893 g, 5.7 mmol) was suspended in acetone (12 ml) and the stirred suspension was treated at 0° C. with Jones reagent (1.81 ml). After 30 min, a further quantity of Jones reagent (1.81 ml) was added to the reaction mixture which was maintained at 0° C. After a further 2 h, a final portion of Jones reagent (1.44 ml) was added to the reaction mixture, and stirring at 0° C. was continued for 1 h. Isopropanol (3.8 ml) was added to the reaction mixture, followed by water (15 ml). The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (2×40 ml). The combined organic extracts were washed with water (8 ml), dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated to a grey solid. The solid was dissolved in DCM (10 ml) and applied in equal portions to two SPE cartridges (silica, 20 g) which were eluted sequentially with a gradient of EtOAc:cyclohexane (1:16, then 1:8, 1:4, 1:2, and 1:1). Fractions containing the desired material were combined and evaporated in vacuo to give Intermediate 8 (1.893 g) as a white solid. LCMS showed MH+=331; TRET=2.84 min.
A mixture of Intermediate 8 (200 mg), hydroxylamine hydrochloride (50 mg) and anhydrous potassium carbonate (420 mg) in MeCN(10 ml) was stirred and heated at reflux for 17 hours. The solution was cooled and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between EtOAc and water. The organic phase was separated, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo to give Intermediate 9 as a white powder (203 mg). LCMS showed MH+=346; TRET=2.84 min.
A mixture of 5-amino-1-ethylpyrazole (1.614 g, 14.5 mmol) and diethyl 2-(1-ethoxyethylidene)malonate (3.68 g, 16.0 mmol, as described by P. P. T. Sah, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 1931, 53, 1836) was heated at 150° C. under Dean Stark conditions for 5 hours. Phosphorous oxychloride (25 ml) was carefully added to the mixture and the resulting solution was heated at 130° C. under reflux for 18 hours. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, then the residual oil was carefully added, with cooling, to water (100 ml). The resulting mixture was extracted with DCM (3×100 ml) and the combined organic extracts were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The residual oil was purified by Biotage chromatography (silica, 90 g) eluting with EtOAc-petroleum ether (1:19). Fractions containing the desired product were combined and concentrated in vacuo to afford Intermediate 10 (1.15 g). LCMS showed MH+=268; TRET=3.18 min.
4-Aminotetrahydropyran hydrochloride (Intermediate 2A, 0.413 g, 3.0 mmol) was added to a mixture of Intermediate 10 (0.268 g, 10 mmol) and DIPEA (0.87 ml, 5.0 mmol) in MeCN (3 ml). The resulting mixture was heated at 85° C. for 24 hours. Volatiles were removed in vacuo and the residue was dissolved in chloroform (1.5 ml) and applied to a SPE cartridge (silica, 5 g). The cartridge was eluted successively with Et2O, EtOAc and EtOAc-MeOH (9/1). Fractions containing the desired product were combined and concentrated in vacuo to give the desired product contaminated with starting material (Intermediate 10). Further purification using a SPE cartridge (silica, 5 g) eluting with EtOAc-cyclohexane (1:3) afforded Intermediate 11 (0.248 g). LCMS showed MH+=333; TRET=2.75 min.
[cis-(3-hydroxycyclohex-1-yl)amino group, racemic]
3-Aminocyclohexanol (0.677 g, 5.9 mmol, for example as described in J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans 1, 1994, 537 which describes the preparation of a 3.3:1 cis:trans mixture of 3-aminocyclohexanol) in MeCN(10 ml) and EtOH (1 ml) was added at room temperature to a stirred solution of Intermediate 1 (1.24 g, 4.9 mmol) and DIPEA (4.26 ml, 24.5 mmol) in MeCN (25 ml). The resulting mixture was stirred at 85° C. for 17 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was partitioned between DCM (50 ml) and water (10 ml). The phases were separated and the organic phase was dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated to give an orange-brown oil. The oil was purified by Biotage chromatography (silica 100 g) eluting with 30-50% EtOAc in cyclohexane to give Intermediate 12 as a white foam (0.68 g). LCMS showed MH+=333; TRET=2.76 min.
A solution of Intermediate 4 (0.21 g) in ethanol:water (95:5, 10 ml) was treated with sodium hydroxide (0.12 g). The mixture was heated at 50° C. for 8 h, then concentrated in vacuo, dissolved in water and acidified to pH 4 with acetic acid. The resultant white solid was removed by filtration and dried in vacuo to afford Intermediate 13 as an off-white solid (0.156 g). LCMS showed MH+=291; TRET=2.11 min.
An alternative preparation of Intermediate 13 is as follows:
A solution of Intermediate 4 (37.8 g) in ethanol:water (4:1, 375 ml) was treated with sodium hydroxide (18.9 g). The mixture was heated at 50° C. for 5 hours, then concentrated in vacuo, dissolved in water and acidified to pH 2 with aqueous hydrochloric acid (2M). The resultant white solid was removed by filtration and dried in vacuo to afford Intermediate 13 as an off-white solid (29.65 g). LCMS showed MH+=291; TRET=2.17 min.
A solution of Intermediate 5 (5.37 g, 17 mmol) in EtOH (30 ml) was treated with a solution of sodium hydroxide (2.72 g, 68 mmol) in water (20 ml), and the resulting mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 3 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo, dissolved in water (250 ml) and the cooled solution was acidified to pH 1 with 5M-hydrochloric acid. The resultant solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to afford Intermediate 14 as a white solid (4.7 g). LCMS showed MH+=289; TRET=2.83 min.
Aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (8.55 ml, 2M) was added to a solution of Intermediate 6 (1.55 g) in EtOH (13 ml). The mixture was heated at 50° C. for 18 h then neutralised using aqueous hydrochloric acid and evaporated in vacuo to afford a mixture of 1-ethyl-4-(4-piperidinylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carboxylic acid and 4-[(1-acetyl-4-piperidinyl)amino]-1-ethyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carboxylic acid.
Acetic acid (0.36 ml) was added to a stirred mixture of HATU (2.41 g) and DIPEA (2.21 ml) in DMF (65 ml). After stirring for 15 min the mixture was added to the mixture of 1-ethyl-4-(4-piperidinylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carboxylic acid and 4-[(1-acetyl-4-piperidinyl)amino]-1-ethyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carboxylic acid and the reaction mixture was stirred for 15 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue purified by chromatography using Biotage (silica 90 g), eluting with DCM:MeOH (0%-5% MeOH) to afford Intermediate 15 (1.36 g) as a white solid. LCMS showed MH+ 334; TRET=2.06 min.
A solution of sodium hydroxide (0.053 g, 1.32 mmol) in water (0.41 ml) was added to a stirred solution of Intermediate 8 (0.1 g, 0.303 mmol) in ethanol (1 ml), and the resulting mixture was heated at 50° C. After 1 h, the cooled reaction mixture was adjusted to pH3 with 2M hydrochloric acid, and extracted with EtOAc (2×6 ml). The combined organic extracts were dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated to give Intermediate 16 (0.072 g) as a white solid. LCMS showed MH+=303; TRET=2.13 min.
An alternative preparation of Intermediate 16 is as follows:
A solution of sodium hydroxide (0.792 g, 19.8 mmol) in water (6 ml) was added to a stirred solution of Intermediate 8 (1.487 g, 4.5 mmol) in EtOH (15 ml), and the resulting mixture was heated at 50° C. After 1 hour, the cooled reaction mixture was adjusted to pH4 with 2M hydrochloric acid, and extracted with EtOAc (3×30 ml). The combined organic extracts were dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated to give Intermediate 16 (1.188 g) as a white solid. LCMS showed MH+=303; TRET=2.12 min.
A solution of Intermediate 16 (0.58 g, 1.92 mmol), hydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.26 g, 3.74 mmol) and DIPEA (0.65 g, 5.03 mmol) in MeCN (35 ml) was stirred and heated at reflux for 3 hours, then cooled and left at room temperature overnight. Glacial AcOH (1 ml) was added, with stirring. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo. EtOAc (10 ml) was added and the resultant suspension was stirred for 30 min. then applied to an SPE cartridge (silica, 20 g). The cartridge was eluted with a (250:1) mixture of EtOAc and glacial AcOH, followed by a (500:16:1) mixture of EtOAc, MeOH and glacial AcOH, to give Intermediate 17 (0.327 g) as a white solid. LCMS showed MH+=318; TRET=2.21 min.
2M-Sodium hydroxide solution (0.75 ml, 1.5 mmol) was added to Intermediate 11 (0.248 g, 0.75 mmol) in EtOH (2 ml), and the mixture was heated at reflux for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated, diluted with water (1 ml) and acidified with 2M-hydrochloric acid (0.75 ml) to precipitate a solid which was collected by filtration to afford Intermediate 18 (0.168 g). LCMS showed MH+=305; TRET=1.86 min.
(cis-3-hydroxycyclohex-1-ylamino group, racemic)
A solution of Intermediate 12 (0.681 g, 2.05 mmol) in EtOH (7 ml) was treated with a solution of sodium hydroxide (0.362 g, 9.05 mmol) in water (2.9 ml). The resulting mixture was stirred at 50° C. After 3 h, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give a residual oil which was dissolved in water (3 ml), then cooled and acidified to pH 3 with 2M hydrochloric acid. After stirring at 0° C. for 1 h, the resulting precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with cooled water (0.5 ml) and dried in vacuo to afford Intermediate 19 as a white solid (0.491 g). LCMS showed MH+=305; TRET=2.14 min.
These intermediates were prepared using a modification of the procedure developed by D. A. Cogan, G. Liu and J. Ellman and described in Tetrahedron, 1999, 55, 8883-8904. In the Cogan, Liu, Ellman paper, the use of (S)-tert butyl sulphinamide in chemistry similar to that described in Intermediates 20-86 below allegedly produced an enrichment in a diastereoisomer with the general stereochemistry at the carbon atom next to the nitrogen shown here:
(i.e. inserted group R4 into the paper as shown, branched-benzyl is illustrative example only); this stereochemistry (R4 into the paper) was formed in the carbon-carbon bond forming reaction (i.e. before any optional separation of diastereoisomers). Therefore, compounds containing an alpha substituent on the benzylic carbon atom (Intermediates 37-86) are believed to be enriched in an enantiomer/diastereoisomer which is believed to have the (R)-stereochemistry at the benzylic carbon atom.
A solution of (S)-tert butyl sulphinamide (0.20 g, 1.65 mmol) in THF (2 ml) was added to 2,4-dimethylbenzaldehyde (0.22 g, 1.57 mmol) (e.g. available from Aldrich). The solution was made up to 10 ml with THF. Titanium (IV) ethoxide (0.75 g, 3.38 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was heated at 750 for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled and poured onto saturated brine, with vigorous stirring. Celite was added to the resulting suspension, which was filtered and washed with DCM. The organic phase was separated from the aqueous phase by passing through a hydrophobic frit. The DCM was evaporated. The residue was purified on a 50 g SPE cartridge, eluting first with a (9:1) mixture of cyclohexane and EtOAc and then with a (4:1) mixture of cyclohexane and EtOAc. Fractions containing the required product were combined and concentrated in vacuo to give Intermediate 20 (0.29 g) as a white solid. LCMS showed MH+=238; TRET=3.43 min.
The following intermediates 21-36 were prepared in a similar manner from (S)-tert butyl sulphinamide and the appropriate commercially available aldehyde (substituted benzaldehyde):
A 3.0 Molar solution of methyl magnesium bromide in Et2O (2.6 ml) was added dropwise, with stirring, to a solution of Intermediate 20 (0.14 g, 0.59 mmol) in dry THF (5 ml) at −10° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at −10° C. for 3 hours then gradually warmed to 20° C. over 24 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. and treated, dropwise, with saturated ammonium chloride, with vigorous stirring. Once effervescence had ceased more ammonium chloride (5 ml) was added, followed by DCM (30 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 min. then the organic phase was filtered through a hydrophobic frit. The DCM was evaporated to leave Intermediate 37 (0.15 g) as a white solid (mixture of diastereoisomers, believed to be enriched in a diastereoisomer which is believed to have the (R)-stereochemistry at the benzylic carbon atom). LCMS showed MH+=254; TRET=3.13 min.
The following Intermediates 38-61 were prepared in a similar manner from Intermediates 20-36, using either a 3.0 Molar solution of methylmagnesium bromide in diethyl ether (R4=Me) or a 3.0 Molar solution of ethylmagnesium bromide in diethyl ether (R4=Et):
Separation of the diastereoisomers of Intermediate 57
The mixture of diastereoisomers (Intermediate 57: 3 g) were purified by short path chromatography on silica, using cyclohexane containing 10-50% ethyl acetate as the eluent, to give the two diastereoisomers of Intermediate 57, as follows:
Isolated yield=322 mg (minor diastereomer, believed to have the (S)-stereochemistry at the benzylic carbon atom).
LCMS showed MH+=268; TRET=3.23 min.
Isolated yield=1.76 g (major diastereomer, believed to have the (R)-stereochemistry at the benzylic carbon atom).
LCMS showed MH+=268; TRET=3.23 min.
See Tim Tec Building Blocks B for the racemate of the following Intermediate 62:
(Believed to be a Mixture of Enantiomers with the Major Enantiomer Believed to have the (R)-Stereochemistry)
A solution of Intermediate 37 (151 mg, 0.60 mmol) in a mixture of 4.0M hydrogen chloride in dioxan (1 ml) and MeOH (1 ml) was left to stand for 1 hour. The solvents were evaporated. The residue was triturated in Et2O containing a few drops of MeOH to give a solid suspension. The solid was filtered off and dried to give Intermediate 62 (76 mg) as a white solid. LCMS showed MH+=150; TRET=1.84 min.
The following Intermediates 63-86 were prepared in a similar manner from Intermediates 38-61:
(Except for Intermediates 82a and 82b, Intermediates 63-86 are believed to be a mixture of enantiomers with the major enantiomer believed to have the (R)-stereochemistry)
A mixture of (3,5-dimethyl)acetophenone (0.95 g, 7.0 mmol) (e.g. available from Lancaster Synthesis), formamide (1.4 ml, 1.58 g, 35.0 mmol) and formic acid (0.81 ml, 0.97 g, 21.0 mmol) was heated at 160° for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled and partitioned between EtOAc and water. The organic phase was separated, washed with potassium carbonate solution and sodium chloride solution, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was treated with 2M hydrochloric acid (10 ml) and the resultant mixture was heated at reflux for 18 hours, cooled to room temperature and washed with DCM (2×10 ml). The aqueous solution was concentrated in vacuo to leave Intermediate 87 (0.42 g) as a white solid. LCMS showed MH+=150; TRET=1.88 min.
The following racemic Intermediates 88-99 were made in a similar manner from the appropriate acetophenone derivative, i.e. compound X—C(O)—Ar where Ar is optionally substituted phenyl or phenyl fused to C5-6cycloalkyl and X is R4 or R5 (commercially available unless stated):
Aldrich
Lancaster Synthesis
Avocado
Lancaster Synthesis
Aldrich
Aldrich
SALOR
Aldrich
Aldrich
Aldrich
Aldrich
Aldrich
Intermediate 62 (0.40 g) was resolved by preparative chiral column chromatography, using a 2-inch×20 cm ChiralCel OJ column with a (2:98) mixture of heptane and ethanol, containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid, as the eluent. Intermediate 100 (first enantiomer to elute: 0.21 g) and Intermediate 101 (second enantiomer to elute: 0.12 g) were separated on the column. LCMS showed MH+=150; TRET=1.76 min. for both enantiomers.
A solution of Intermediate 1 (2.3 g) in acetonitrile (50 ml) was treated with solid 1,1-dimethylethyl 4-amino-1-piperidinecarboxylate (2 g, e.g. available from AstaTech) and DIPEA (8.6 ml). The reaction mixture was heated at 90° C. for 16 h. The solvents were removed under reduced pressure and the residue was partitioned between DCM (100 ml) and water (75 ml). The organic fraction was collected through a hydrophobic frit and the solvents were removed under reduced pressure to yield Intermediate 102 as a white solid (3.9 g). LCMS showed MH+=418; TRET=3.35 min.
Intermediate 102 (3.9 g) was treated with 4.0M hydrogen chloride in 1,4-dioxane (30 ml) and the reaction mixture was stirred at 22° C. for 1 h. The solvents were removed to give Intermediate 103 as a white solid (3.9 g). LCMS showed MH+=318; TRET=2.21 min.
A suspension of Intermediate 103 (3.9 g) in THF (100 ml) was treated with trimethylsilyl isocyanate (1.99 ml) followed by DIPEA (2.6 ml) and the solution was stirred at 22° C. for 2 h. The volatile solvents were removed under reduced pressure and the residue was partitioned between DCM (50 ml) and water (25 ml). The organic layer was collected. The aqueous phase was re-extracted with DCM (50 ml). The organic layers were combined, separated from water by passing through a hydrophobic frit and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield Intermediate 104 as a white solid (3.9 g). LCMS showed MH+=361; TRET=2.45 min.
A solution of Intermediate 104 (3.9 g) in ethanol (50 ml) was treated with a solution of sodium hydroxide (1.77 g) in water (20 ml) and the reaction mixture was heated at 80° C. for 16 h. LCMS indicated that partial hydrolysis of the urea portion had occurred. The solvents were removed and the residue was dissolved in water (5 ml), the pH was adjusted to 3 (2M HCl) and the resultant white precipitate was collected by filtration and dried. This precipitate was dissolved in ethanol. The solution was treated with trimethylsilyl isocyanate (3 ml) and DIPEA (10 ml) and then stirred at 22° C. for 16 h. The solvents were removed and the residue was dissolved in water (5 ml), the pH was adjusted to 3 (2M HCl) and the resultant white precipitate was collected by filtration and dried to give Intermediate 105 as a white solid (2.66 g). LCMS showed MH+=333; TRET=2.00 min.
A solution of Intermediate 1 (20 g) in 1,4-dioxane (100 ml) was treated with a solution of potassium hydroxide (18 g) in water (30 ml) and the reaction mixture was stirred at 22° C. for 24 h. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was acidified to pH 3 (2M HCl). The resultant white precipitate was collected by filtration and dried to give Intermediate 106 as a white solid (16.9 g). LCMS showed MH+=226; TRET=2.45 min.
Alternative synthesis: A solution of Intermediate 1 (3.5 g) in dioxane (28 ml) was treated with potassium hydroxide (6.3 g) as a solution in water (20 ml). The mixture was stirred for 2 h, then concentrated in vacuo, acidified to pH 3 with 2M aqueous hydrochloric acid and extracted with ethyl acetate. The layers were separated, the organic layer dried over sodium sulphate, then concentrated in vacuo to afford Intermediate 106 as a white solid (2.4 g). LCMS showed MH+=226; TRET=2.62 min.
A solution of Intermediate 106 (17.8 g) in thionyl chloride (100 ml) was heated under reflux for 3.5 h. The solution was cooled to room temperature. The thionyl chloride was removed in vacuo and any remaining thionyl chloride was removed by azeotropic distillation with toluene (30 ml) to give Intermediate 107 as a beige solid (16.8 g). LCMS (MeOH solution) showed MH+=240 (Methyl ester); TRET=2.88 min.
A solution of Intermediate 107 (2.0 g) in THF (20 ml) was treated with (R)-(+)-1-(4-methylphenyl)ethylamine (1.11 g) (e.g. available from Lancaster Synthesis) and DIPEA (1.06 g). The reaction mixture was stirred at 22° C. for 24 h. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was dissolved in DCM (50 ml). The solution was washed with 5% citric acid solution (50 ml) and 0.5M sodium bicarbonate solution (50 ml), dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated to give Intermediate 108 as a white solid (1.61 g). LCMS showed MH+=343; TRET=3.22 min.
The following Intermediate 109 was prepared in an analogous manner, suitably from (R)-(+)-1-phenylethylamine (e.g. available from Aldrich):
LCMS showed MH+=329; TRET=3.0 min.
A solution of 1,1-dimethylethyl 4-piperidinylcarbamate (0.35 g, e.g. available from Syngene or AstaTech) in DCM (10 ml) was treated with trimethylsilyl isocyanate (1.1 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred at 22° C. for 72 h. The mixture was diluted with saturated NaHCO3 solution (20 ml). The organic phase was collected through a hydrophobic frit and evaporated to give Intermediate 110 as a white foam (0.29 g). 1H NMR (400 MHz in CDCl3, 27° C., δ ppm) 4.45 (br. s, 3H). 3.90 (d, 2H), 3.65 (br. m, 1H), 2.9-3.0 (dt, 2H), 1.95-2.0 (br. dd, 2H), 1.45 (s, 9H), 1.3-1.4 (dq, 2H).
A solution of intermediate 110 (0.29 g) in 4.0M hydrogen chloride in 1,4-dioxane (5 ml) was stirred at 22° C. for 4 h. The solvent was evaporated to give Intermediate 111 as a white foam (0.27 g). 1H NMR (400 MHz in d6-DMSO, 27° C., δ ppm) 8.1 (br. s, 2H), 3.95 (d, 2H), 3.15 (m, 1H), 2.7 (dt, 2H), 1.85 (dd, 2H), 1.35 (m, 2H).
A solution of 4-({[(1,1-dimethylethyl)oxy]carbonyl}amino)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (from Fluka, 1 g) in DMF (30 ml) was treated with HATU (1.72 g) and DIPEA (5.4 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred at 22° C. for 10 min. A 0.5M solution of ammonia in 1,4-dioxane (40 ml) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at 22° C. for 72 h. The solvents were evaporated and the residue was purified by loading the crude mixture onto a 50 g aminopropyl SPE cartridge and eluting with ethyl acetate (100 ml), then methanol (100 ml). Intermediate 112 was isolated by evaporation of the methanol fraction as a yellow oil (0.99 g). LCMS showed MH+=242; TRET=2.2 min.
4.0M hydrogen chloride in 1,4-dioxane (14 ml) was added to Intermediate 112 (0.99 g) and the reaction mixture was stirred at 22° C. for 30 min. The solvent was evaporated to give Intermediate 113 as a yellow gum (1.03 g). 1H NMR (400 MHz in d6-DMSO, 27° C., δ ppm) 7.9 (br. S, 2H), 3.9 (br. S, 2H), 3.10 (m, 1H), 1.92 (m, 2H), 1.68 (m, 4H), 1.50 (m, 2H).
A solution of cis-4-({[(1,1-dimethylethyl)oxy]carbonyl}amino)cyclohexane-carboxylic acid (5.0 g) (e.g. available from Fluka), EDC (5.9 g) and HOBT (4.17 g) was stirred for 20 min. Ammonia solution (Specific Gravity=0.88; 8 ml) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, concentrated in vacuo and partitioned between DCM and saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The aqueous phase was separated and washed with DCM. The combined organics were dried over MgSO4 and concentrated in vacuo to give Intermediate 114 (4.84 g) as a white solid. LCMS showed MH+=243; TRET=2.3 min.
The following Intermediate 115 was prepared in a similar manner from trans-4-({[(1,1-dimethylethyl)oxy]carbonyl}amino)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (e.g. available from Fluka):
LCMS showed MNH4+=260; TRET=2.24 min.
4.0M HCl in dioxan (50 ml) was added to a stirred solution of Intermediate 114 (4.84 g) in dioxan (100 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 hour at room temperature and then left at 0° C. for 3 days. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give Intermediate 116 (4.1 g) as a white solid. LCMS showed MH+=143; TRET=0.31 min.
The following Intermediate 117 was prepared in a similar manner from Intermediate 115:
LCMS showed MH+=143; TRET=0.30 min.
A solution of Intermediate 1 (2.0 g), Intermediate 116 (1.55 g) and DIPEA (6.9 ml) in ethanol (140 ml) was stirred and heated at reflux overnight. More of Intermediate 116 (420 mg) and DIPEA (3.5 ml) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred and heated at reflux overnight, cooled and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between DCM and saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The organic phase was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was triturated in a mixture of DCM and cyclohexane to give a solid. The solid was filtered off and dried to give Intermediate 118 (2.16 g) as a yellow solid. LCMS showed MH+=360; TRET=2.56 min.
The following Intermediate 119 was prepared in a similar manner from Intermediate 1 and Intermediate 117:
LCMS showed MH+=360; TRET=2.84 min.
A mixture of Intermediate 118 (1.54 g) and sodium hydroxide (0.68 g) in 95% aqueous EtOH (EtOH containing 5% water) (60 ml) was stirred and heated at 50° C. overnight. The solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in water. The solution was cooled to 0-5° C., with stirring, and acidified with 2M HCl. The resultant suspension was refrigerated for 3 days then filtered under suction. The residue was dried in a vacuum oven to give Intermediate 120 (1.58 g) as a yellow solid. LCMS showed MH+=332; TRET=2.06 min.
The following Intermediate 121 was prepared in an analogous manner from Intermediate 1 and Intermediate 119:
LCMS showed MH+=332; TRET=2.06 min.
(Believed to be a Mixture of Enantiomers with the Major Enantiomer Believed to have the (R)-Stereochemistry)
Prepared from Intermediates 82 and 107 using a method analogous to that used to make Intermediate 108.
LCMS showed MH+=371; TRET=3.32 min.
Like Intermediates 20-86, these intermediates were prepared using a modification of the procedure developed by D. A. Cogan, G. Liu and J. Ellman and described in Tetrahedron, 1999, 55, 8883-8904. In the Cogan, Liu, Ellman paper, the use of (S)-tert butyl sulphinamide in chemistry similar to that described in Intermediates 123-127 and 128-136 below allegedly produced an enrichment in a diastereoisomer with the general stereochemistry at the carbon atom next to the nitrogen shown here:
(i.e. inserted group R4 into the paper as shown, branched-benzyl is illustrative example only); this stereochemistry (R4 into the paper) was formed in the carbon-carbon bond forming reaction (i.e. before any optional separation of diastereoisomers). As the process of Intermediates 128-136, 50a, 55a and 58a herein includes an additional step separating the diastereomers, the compounds containing an alpha substituent on the benzylic carbon atom (Intermediates 128 to 136, 50a, 55a and 58a, and Intermediates 137 to 145, 75a, 80a and 83a) are believed to consist essentially of an enantiomer/diastereoisomer which is believed to have the (R)-stereochemistry at the benzylic carbon atom.
The following Intermediates 123 to 127 were prepared from (S)-tert butyl sulphinamide and the appropriate commercially available aldehyde (substituted benzaldehyde), by adopting a similar method to that used to prepare Intermediate 20:
A 3.0 Molar solution of methylmagnesium bromide in diethyl ether (3.8 ml) was added to a stirred solution of Intermediate 123 (0.91 g) in dry DCM (20 ml) at −78° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 1 hour, warmed to room temperature and stirred at room temperature for 24 h. The reaction mixture was cooled again to −78° C. More 3.0 Molar methylmagnesium bromide solution in diethyl ether (1.9 ml) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 1 hour, warmed to room temperature and stirred at room temperature for 2 h, then cooled to 0° C. and treated dropwise with stirring with saturated ammonium chloride solution (10 ml) followed by DCM (20 ml). The organic phase was filtered through a hydrophobic frit. The DCM was evaporated. The residue was purified on a 50 g silica SPE cartridge, using cyclohexane containing a gradient of 0% to 100% ethyl acetate. The fractions containing the major diastereoisomer (e.g. can be eluted using 100% ethyl acetate) were combined and evaporated to give Intermediate 128 as a solid. LCMS showed MH+=254, TRET=3.07 or 3.12.
The following Intermediates 129 to 136, 50a, 55a and 58a were prepared from Intermediates 124 to 127, 26, 31 or 33 in the same or a similar manner to that described above for Intermediate 128, using either a 3.0 Molar solution of methylmagnesium bromide in diethyl ether (R4=Me) or a 3.0 Molar solution of ethylmagnesium bromide in diethyl ether (R4=Et):
The following Intermediates 137 to 145, 75a, 80a and 83a were prepared, in a similar manner to that described for the synthesis of Intermediate 62, from Intermediates 128 to 136, 50a, 55a or 58a:
A solution of Intermediate 1 (680 mg), DIPEA (2.3 ml) and 1,1-dimethylethyl (3S)-3-amino-1-pyrrolidinecarboxylate (500 mg) (e.g. available from Aldrich) in MeCN (15 ml) was stirred and heated at reflux for 16 h. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was partitioned between DCM and water. The organic phase was isolated by passage through a hydrophobic frit. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was purified on a 100 g “flashmaster” cartridge (e.g. available from Jones Chromatography Ltd., United Kingdom), using a mixture of EtOAc and cyclohexane as the eluent, to give Intermediate 146 (720 mg) as a solid. LCMS showed MH+=404; TRET=3.20 min.
The following Intermediate 147 was prepared in a similar manner from Intermediate 1 and 1,1-dimethylethyl (3R)-3-amino-1-pyrrolidinecarboxylate (e.g. available from Aldrich):
LCMS showed MH+=404; TRET=3.20 min.
A solution of Intermediate 146 (720 mg) in 4.0M hydrogen chloride in dioxan (30 ml) was stirred at 22° C. for 3 h. The solvent was evaporated to give Intermediate 148 (606 mg) as a white solid. LCMS showed MH+=304; TRET=2.00 min.
The following Intermediate 149 was prepared in a similar manner from Intermediate 147:
LCMS showed MH+=304; TRET=2.00 min.
A solution of Intermediate 148 (606 mg) in DCM (30 ml) was stirred and treated with DIPEA (1.15 ml) followed by trimethylsilyl isocyanate (1.03 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred at 22° C. for 2 h. The solution was washed with water. The aqueous phase was extracted with dichloromethane. The combined organics were passed through a hydrophobic frit and then concentrated to give Intermediate 150 (660 mg) as a solid. LCMS showed MH+=347; TRET=2.40 min.
The following Intermediate 151 was prepared in a similar manner from Intermediate 149:
LCMS showed MH+=347; TRET=2.40 min.
A mixture of Intermediate 150 (660 mg) and sodium hydroxide (300 mg) in ethanol (15 ml) and water (8 ml) was stirred and heated at 60° C. for 2 h. The solvents were removed in vacuo. Water (8 ml) was added to the residue and the resultant solution was acidified with 2M hydrochloric acid. The resultant suspension was filtered under suction. The residue was dried in vacuo to give Intermediate 152 (270 mg) as a solid. LCMS showed MH+=319; TRET=1.90 min.
The following Intermediate 153 was prepared in a similar manner from Intermediate 151:
LCMS showed MH+=319; TRET=1.90 min.
A solution of cis-4-({[(1,1-dimethylethyl)oxy]carbonyl}amino)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (1.0 g) (e.g. available from Fluka), EDC (0.95 g), HOBT (0.61 g) and DIPEA (2.1 ml) in THF (60 ml) was stirred at 22° C. for 30 min then N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.5 g) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 7 h. The solvent was removed and the residue was partitioned between DCM and saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The organic phase was separated and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was applied to a 20 g SPE cartridge. The cartridge was eluted with cyclohexane containing 10-50% EtOAc to give Intermediate 154 (768 mg).
A solution of Intermediate 154 (768 mg) in THF (25 ml) was cooled to 0° C. A 3.0 Molar solution of methylmagnesium bromide in diethyl ether (2.2 ml) was added rapidly dropwise over 5 min. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0-5° C. for 3 hours. More 3.0 Molar methylmagnesium bromide in diethyl ether (0.9 ml) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0-5° C. overnight. 1M hydrochloric acid (20 ml) was added, dropwise. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The organic extracts were dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was applied to a 10 g SPE cartridge. The cartridge was eluted with a (1:1) mixture of cyclohexane and EtOAc to give Intermediate 155 (340 mg).
A stirred solution of Intermediate 155 (115 mg) in dioxan (1 ml) was treated with a 4M solution of hydrogen chloride in dioxan (240 μl). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 h then refrigerated overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give Intermediate 156 (72 mg) as a solid.
A solution of Intermediate 1 (93 mg), Intermediate 156 (72 mg) and DIPEA (0.32 ml) in EtOH (10 ml) was stirred and heated at reflux overnight. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was partitioned between DCM and saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The organic phase was separated and concentrated. The residue was purified by mass directed autoprep HPLC to give Intermediate 157 (102 mg) as a mixture of cis and trans isomers. LCMS showed MH+=359; TRET=3.05 min.
A solution of Intermediate 157 (102 mg) and sodium hydroxide (45 mg) in 95% aqueous EtOH was stirred and heated at 50° C. overnight. The solvents were removed in vacuo. Water was added to the residue and the resultant solution was acidified with 2M hydrochloric acid. The resultant suspension was filtered. The residue was dried in vacuo to give Intermediate 158. The aqueous filtrate was extracted with EtOAc and DCM. The organic extracts were combined and concentrated to give a further quantity of Intermediate 158. The overall yield of Intermediate 158 was 70 mg. LCMS showed MH+=331; TRET=2.46 min.
A 1.5 Molar solution of diisobutylaluminum hydride in toluene (0.77 ml) was added, dropwise, to a stirred solution of Intermediate 155 (112 mg) in THF (5 ml) at 0-5° C. The reaction mixture was stirred and warmed to room temperature overnight. More diisobutylaluminium hydride in toluene (0.31 ml) was added. The reaction mixture was left at 22° C. over the weekend., then treated with saturated sodium potassium tartrate solution (15 ml). The mixture was stirred for 0.75 h, then extracted with EtOAc. The combined extracts were washed with saturated sodium chloride solution, dried over MgSO4 and concentrated. The residue was applied to a 2 g SPE cartridge. The cartridge was eluted with cyclohexane containing 0-20% EtOAc to give Intermediate 159 (10 mg).
A solution of Intermediate 159 (10 mg) in dioxan (0.5 ml) was treated with a 4M solution of hydrogen chloride in dioxan (240 μl). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 h then left to stand overnight. The solvent was removed to give Intermediate 160 as a solid (7 mg).
A solution of 3-aminocyclohexanol (mixture of cis and trans isomers, 4.25 g) (e.g. such a mixture is available from AB Chem, Inc., Canada; or see for example J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans 1, 1994, 537 for a 3.3:1 cis:trans mixture of 3-aminocyclohexanol), Intermediate 1 (7.8 g) and DIPEA (25 ml) in MeCN(50 ml) and EtOH (5 ml) was stirred and heated at reflux for 16 h. The solvents were removed under reduced pressure and the residue was partitioned between DCM and water. The organic phase was concentrated and the residue was applied to a 100 g SPE cartridge. The cartridge was eluted with a (1:2) mixture of EtOAc and cyclohexane to give Intermediate 161 (trans isomer: 326 mg).
LCMS showed MH+=333; TRET=2.90 min.
A mixture of Intermediate 161 (326 mg) and sodium hydroxide (156 mg) in water (2 ml) and EtOH (4.6 ml) was stirred and heated at 60° C. for 5 h then cooled and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in water. The solution was acidified with 2M hydrochloric acid. The resultant suspension was filtered. The residue was dried in vacuo to give Intermediate 162 (270 mg) as a white solid. LCMS showed MH+=305; TRET=2.21 min.
A mixture of Intermediate 102 (750 mg) and sodium hydroxide (290 mg) in EtOH (20 ml) and water (5 ml) was stirred and heated at 50° C. for 2.5 h then cooled and concentrated under reduced pressure. A solution of the residue in water (20 ml) was cooled to 0-5° C., with stirring, and acidified to pH=5 with 2M hydrochloric acid. The resultant solid suspension was filtered. The solid residue was washed with water and dried to give Intermediate 163 (575 mg) as a white solid. LCMS showed MH+=390; TRET=2.86 min.
A solution of Intermediate 163 (100 mg), EDC (54 mg), HOBT (38 mg) and DIPEA (0.11 ml) in DMF (5 ml) was added to [(1R)-1-(4-methylphenyl)ethyl]amine (38 mg) (e.g. available from Lancaster). The solution was left to stand overnight. The solvent was evaporated. The residue was partitioned between DCM and saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The organic phase was separated and evaporated. The residue was purified by passing through a 10 g SPE cartridge, using a gradient of ethyl acetate and cyclohexane (0-100% EtOAc) as the eluent, to give Intermediate 164 (125 mg). LCMS showed MH+=507; TRET=3.85 min.
The following Intermediate 165 was prepared in a similar manner from Intermediate 163 and Intermediate 82:
(believed to be a mixture of isomers with the major isomer believed to have the (R)— stereochemistry at the benzylic carbon atom). LCMS showed MH+=535; TRET=3.min.
Triethylamine (6.3 g) was added to a cooled (0-5° C.) solution of 4-(3-methylphenyl)-4-oxobutyric acid (e.g. available from Oakwood Products Inc., 8 g) in DCM (100 ml). Hydroxylamine hydrochloride (3.47 g) was added slowly over 15 min. and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was extracted with 10% w/v sodium bicarbonate solution (2×75 ml). The aqueous extracts were combined, washed with diethyl ether, acidified to pH=2 with concentrated hydrochloric acid and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×100 ml). The combined ethyl acetate extracts were washed with water and brine, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo to give the intermediate oxime (8 g). A solution of the oxime (4 g) in methanol (50 ml) was hydrogenated overnight at room temperature and 4-Kg hydrogen pressure, using 10% palladium on carbon as the catalyst. The reaction mixture was filtered through celite. The celite was washed with methanol and the combined filtrate and washings were concentrated. The residue was slurried in ethyl acetate. The resultant suspension was filtered. The residue was dried to give Intermediate 166 as a white solid (3.5 g).
“BOC Anhydride” (di-tert-butyl carbonate, 4 g) was added to a solution of Intermediate 166 (3.3 g), and triethylamine (2.6 g) in methanol (50 ml) at 0-5° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. 10% w/v Sodium bicarbonate solution (100 ml) was added. The reaction mixture was washed with diethyl ether, acidified to pH=3 with 20% w/v citric acid solution and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×50 ml). The combined organics were washed with water and brine, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo to give Intermediate 167 (5.6 g) as a white solid.
A 30% w/v solution of dimethylamine in EtOH (0.46 ml) was added to a stirred solution of Intermediate 167 (250 mg), HOBT (126 mg), EDC (180 mg) and DIPEA (0.37 ml) in MeCN. The reaction mixture was stirred for 24 h. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was partitioned between EtOAc and 0.5M sodium bicarbonate solution. The organic phase was washed with saturated brine and dried by passing through a 10 g cartridge of MgSO4 under suction. The solution was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by passing through a 10 g SPE cartridge, using a (1:1) mixture of cyclohexane and EtOAc as the eluent, to give Intermediate 168 (109 mg) as a white solid. LCMS showed MH+=321; TRET=2.88 min.
Intermediate 168 (108 mg) was treated with a 4M solution of hydrogen chloride in dioxan (2 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred for 6.5 h then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was triturated in diethyl ether. The diethyl ether was decanted. The residue was purified by passing through a 5 g SPE silica cartridge, using a gradient of 10-50% methanol in ethyl acetate as the eluent, to give Intermediate 169 (56 mg) as a white solid. LCMS showed MH+=221; TRET=1.74 min.
Intermediate 170 can be synthesised according to the following reaction scheme:
The final step in the above Intermediate 170 reaction scheme can optionally be performed as follows:
Optional synthesis: 2M-Sodium hydroxide solution (0.7 ml) was added to a stirred suspension of the corresponding ethyl ester (Intermediate 171) (0.23 g) in ethanol (5 ml) and water (1.5 ml). After stirring overnight at room temperature, a further quantity of 2M-sodium hydroxide solution (0.7 ml) was added, and the reaction mixture was heated at 43° C. for 2.5 h. The reaction solution was concentrated, diluted with water (5 ml) and acidified with 2M-hydrochloric acid. The resulting precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with water and dried to give Intermediate 170 as a white solid (0.14 g). LCMS showed MH+=305; TRET=2.42 min.
The penultimate step in the above Intermediate 170 reaction scheme (to make Intermediate 171) can optionally be performed as follows:
Optional synthesis: Sodium hydride (0.067 g, 60% dispersion in oil) was added to a stirred solution of Intermediate 172 (0.47 g) in DMF (19 ml), followed by n-propyl iodide (0.17 ml). The mixture was stirred at 23° C. for 16 hours, then concentrated, diluted with chloroform (30 ml) and washed with 1:1 water:brine solution (30 ml), separated and the organic layer concentrated. The residue was purified on a SPE catridge (silica, 10 g) eluting with 10 ml volumes of dichloromethane, 1:1 diethyl ether: cyclohexane, and diethyl ether. The combined 1:1 diethyl ether:cyclohexane, and diethyl ether, fractions were concentrated to give Intermediate 171 as a clear gum (0.23 g). LCMS showed MH+=333; TRET=3.14 min.
The ante-penultimate step in the above Intermediate 170 reaction scheme (to make Intermediate 172) can optionally be performed as follows:
Intermediate 1A (0.035 g) was placed in a Reactivial™ and treated with 4-aminotetrahydropyran (0.05 ml). The mixture was heated at 90° C. for 1.5 h, then allowed to cool to room temperature and partitioned between chloroform (2 ml) and water (1 ml). The layers were separated and the organic phase was concentrated. The crude product was purified by mass directed autoprep HPLC to afford Intermediate 172 as an off-white solid (0.011 g). LCMS showed MH+=291; TRET=2.08 min.
Intermediate 1A (2 g) was suspended in 4-aminotetrahydropyran (2 g), and the mixture was heated at 90° C. for 6 h. The residual mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature and partitioned between chloroform (50 ml) and water (50 ml). The phases were separated and the organic phase was evaporated to dryness. The residue was triturated with Et2O (30 ml) and the insoluble solid was collected and dried to afford Intermediate 172 as a cream solid (2.24 g). LCMS showed MH+=291; TRET=2.19 min.
2-Bromoethanol (0.008 ml) was added to a solution of Intermediate 172 (0.03 g) in anhydrous DMF (1.5 ml), with 2-tert-butylimino-2-diethylamino-1,3-dimethyl-perhydro-1,3,2-diazaphosphorine (polymer bound, 2.3 mmol/g loading, 0.045 g). The mixture was shaken at 23° C. for 16 hours, then the solution drained from the resin, and the resin was washed with DMF. The combined organics were concentrated, and the residue purified on a SPE cartridge (silica, 1 g) eluting with 70-100% ethyl acetate in cyclohexane. The combined fractions were concentrated to give Intermediate 173 as a white solid (0.011 g). LCMS showed MH+=335; TRET=2.47 min.
Commercially available from Fluka Chemie A G, Germany (CAS 111769-27-8)
Commercially available from E. Merck, Germany; or from E. Merck (Merck Ltd), Hunter Boulevard, Magna Park, Lutterworth, Leicestershire LE17 4XN, United Kingdom (CAS 104530-80-5)
This can be prepared from commercially available tetrahydrothiopyran-4-one as described by Subramanian et. al., J. Org. Chem., 1981, 46, 4376-4383. Subsequent preparation of the hydrochloride salt can be achieved by conventional means.
This can be prepared in an analogous manner to Intermediate 177 from commercially available tetrahydrothiophene-4-one. The oxime formation is described by Grigg et. al., Tetrahedron, 1991, 47, 4477-4494 and the oxime reduction by Unterhalt et. al., Arch. Pharm., 1990, 317-318.
Commercially available from Sigma Aldrich Library of Rare Chemicals (SALOR) (CAS-6338-70-1). Preparation of the hydrochloride salt of the amine can be achieved by conventional means.
This can be prepared in an analogous manner to Intermediate 177 from commercially available tetrahydrothiopyran-4-one. Oxidation to 1,1-dioxo-tetrahydro-1λ6-thiopyran-4-one is described by Rule et. al., in J. Org. Chem., 1995, 60, 1665-1673. Oxime formation is described by Truce et. al., in J. Org. Chem., 1957, 617, 620 and oxime reduction by Barkenbus et. al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1955, 77, 3866. Subsequent preparation of the hydrochloride salt of the amine can be achieved by conventional means.
A mixture of Intermediate 1A (0.47 g) and anhydrous potassium carbonate (0.83 g) (previously dried by heating at 100° C.) in anhydrous dimethylformamide (DMF) (4 ml) was treated with iodomethane (0.26 ml) and stirred vigorously for 3 h. The mixture was then filtered and the filtrate concentrated in vacuo to afford a residual oil, which was partitioned between dichloromethane (DCM) (25 ml) and water (25 ml). The layers were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with further DCM (2×25 ml). The combined organic extracts were dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and evaporated to an orange solid which was applied to an SPE cartridge (silica, 20 g). The cartridge was eluted sequentially with EtOAc:petrol (1:4, 1:2 and 1:1), then chloroform:methanol (49:1, 19:1 and 9:1). Fractions containing desired material were combined and concentrated in vacuo to afford Intermediate 181 (0.165 g). LCMS showed MH+=250; TRET=2.59 min.
A mixture of 5-amino-1-methylpyrazole (4.0 g) and diethylethoxymethylene malonate (9.16 ml) was heated at 150° C. under Dean Stark conditions for 5 h. Phosphorous oxychloride (55 ml) was carefully added to the mixture and the resulting solution heated at 130° C. under reflux for 18 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, then the residual oil cooled in an ice bath and treated carefully with water (100 ml) (caution: exotherm). The resulting mixture was extracted with DCM (3×100 ml) and the combined organic extracts were dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and concentrated in vacuo. The residual solid was purified by Biotage chromatography (silica, 90 g), eluting with Et20:petrol (1:3). Fractions containing desired material were combined and concentrated in vacuo to afford Intermediate 182 (4.82 g). LCMS showed MH+=240; TRET=2.98 min
A solution of Intermediate 182 (4.0 g) in dioxane (30 ml) was treated with potassium hydroxide (7.54 g) as a solution in water (20 ml). The mixture was stirred for 16 h, then diluted with water (150 ml) and acidified to pH 3 with 5M aqueous hydrochloric acid. The mixture was stirred in an ice bath for 15 min, then collected by filtration, washed with ice-cold water and dried in vacuo over phosphorous pentoxide to afford Intermediate 183 as a white solid (2.83 g). LCMS showed MH+=212; TRET=2.26 min.
Intermediate 1 (0.05 g) and (S)-(−)-3-aminotetrahydrofuran 4-toluenesulphonate (Intermediate 176) (0.052 g) were suspended in ethanol (1 ml) and triethylamine (0.14 ml) was added. The mixture was stirred under nitrogen and heated at 80° C. for 24 h. After cooling to room temperature, ethanol was removed by evaporation under a stream of nitrogen and the residue partitioned between DCM (2 ml) and water (1.5 ml). The layers were separated and the organic layer concentrated to dryness. Purification was carried out using an SPE cartridge (silica, 5 g), eluting with a gradient of EtOAc:cyclohexane; (1:16 then, 1:8, 1:4, 1:2, 1:1 and 1:0). Fractions containing desired material were combined and concentrated in vacuo to afford Intermediate 184 (0.052 g). LCMS showed MH+=305; TRET=2.70 min.
Similarly prepared were the following:
Intermediate 1 (0.05 g) and Intermediate 179 (0.027 g) were suspended in ethanol (1 ml) and triethylamine (0.14 ml) was added. The mixture was stirred under nitrogen and heated at 80° C. for 24 h. After cooling to room temperature, ethanol was removed by evaporation under a stream of nitrogen and the residue partitioned between DCM (2 ml) and water (1.5 ml). The layers were separated and the organic layer concentrated to dryness. Purification was carried out using an SPE cartridge (silica, 5 g), eluting with a gradient of EtOAc:cyclohexane; (1:8 then 1:4, 1:2, 1:1 and 1:0). Fractions containing desired material were combined and concentrated in vacuo to afford Intermediate 189 (0.045 g) as a mixture of enantiomers. LCMS showed MH+=353; TRET=2.60 min.
Similarly prepared was the following:
A solution of Intermediate 184 (0.037 g) in ethanol:water (95:5, 3 ml) was treated with sodium hydroxide (0.019 g). The mixture was heated at 50° C. for 16 h, then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in water (1.5 ml) and acidified to pH 4 with acetic acid. The resultant white solid precipitate was removed by filtration and dried under vacuum. The filtrate was extracted with ethyl acetate and the organic layer collected and concentrated in vacuo to afford a further portion of white solid. The two solids were combined to afford Intermediate 191 (0.033 g). LCMS showed MH+=277; TRET=2.05 min.
Similarly prepared were the following:
Intermediate 1A (0.69 g) was suspended in cyclohexylamine (1.01 ml), and the mixture was heated at 90° C. for 3 h. The residual mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature and partitioned between chloroform (25 ml) and water (25 ml). The phases were separated and the organic phase was evaporated to dryness. The residue was triturated with Et2O (25 ml) and the insoluble solid was collected and dried to afford Intermediate 198 as a beige solid (0.58 g). LCMS showed MH+=289; TRET=2.91 min.
2M-Sodium hydroxide solution (0.5 ml) was added to a stirred suspension of Intermediate 198 (0.2 g) in dioxan (4 ml) and water (0.5 ml). After stirring overnight at room temperature, the reaction mixture was heated at 40° C. for 8 h. A further quantity of 2M-sodium hydroxide solution (1.5 ml) was added, and the reaction mixture was heated at 40° C. for 48 h. The reaction solution was concentrated, diluted with water (10 ml) and acidified with glacial acetic acid. The resulting precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with water and dried to give Intermediate 199 (0.18 g). LCMS showed MH+=261; TRET=2.09 min.
Cyclohexylamine (0.149 g, 1.5 mmol) was added to a mixture of Intermediate 10 (0.201 g, 0.75 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.65 ml, 3.73 mmol) in acetonitrile (3 ml). The resulting mixture was heated at 85° C. for 40 hours. Volatiles were removed in vacuo and the residue was dissolved in chloroform (1.5 ml) and applied to a SPE cartridge (silica, 5 g). The cartridge was eluted successively with Et2O, EtOAc and MeOH. Fractions containing the desired product were combined and concentrated in vacuo to afford Intermediate 200 (0.128 g). LCMS showed MH+=331; TRET=3.64 min.
2M-Sodium hydroxide solution (0.39 ml, 0.78 mmol) was added to the corresponding ethyl ester (Intermediate 200) (0.128 g, 0.39 mmol) in ethanol (1.5 ml), and the mixture was heated at 50° C. for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated, and the resulting aqueous solution was neutralised with 2M-hydrochloric acid to precipitate a solid which was collected by filtration. The filtrate was applied to an OASIS® hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) Extraction cartridge * (1 g) which was eluted with water followed by methanol. Evaporation of the methanol fraction gave a solid which was combined with the initial precipitated solid to afford Intermediate 201 (0.083 g) as a white solid, presumed to be the carboxylic acid.
*OASIS® HLB Extraction cartridges are available from Waters Corporation, 34 Maple Street, Milford, Mass. 01757, USA. The cartridges include a column containing a copolymer sorbent having a HLB such that when an aqueous solution is eluted through the column, the solute is absorbed or adsorbed into or onto the sorbent, and such that when organic solvent (e.g. methanol) is eluted the solute is released as an organic (e.g. methanol) solution. This is a way to separate the solute from aqueous solvent.
2M-Sodium hydroxide solution (0.75 ml, 1.5 mmol) was added to Intermediate 11 (0.248 g, 0.75 mmol) in ethanol (2 ml), and the mixture was heated at reflux for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated, diluted with water (1 ml) and acidified with 2M-hydrochloric acid (0.75 ml) to precipitate a solid which was collected by filtration to afford Intermediate 202 (0.168 g). LCMS showed MH+=305; TRET=1.86 min.
A solution of hydrogen chloride in dioxan (0.5 ml, 2.0 mmol, 4M) was added to a stirred solution of tert-butyl 4-oxocyclohexylcarbamate (0.043 g, 0.20 mmol, commercially available from AstaTech Inc., Philadelphia, USA) in dioxan (0.5 ml) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature. After 1 h, the reaction mixture was evaporated to give Intermediate 203 as a cream solid (34 mg). 1H NMR (400 MHz in d6-DMSO, 27° C., δ ppm) 8.09 (br. s, 3H), 3.51 (tt, 11, 3.5 Hz, 1H), 2.45 (m, 2H, partially obscured), 2.29 (m, 2H), 2.16 (m, 2H), 1.76 (m, 2H).
Intermediate 1 (0.76 g, 3.0 mmol)) was dissolved in acetonitrile (10 ml). Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine hydrochloride (0.5 g, 3.6 mmol, Anales De Quimica, 1988, 84, 148) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (3.14 ml, 18.0 mmol) were added and the mixture was stirred at 85° C. for 24 h. After 24 h a further portion of tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine hydrochloride (0.14 g, 1.02 mmol) was added and stirring was continued at 85° C. After a further 8 h, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between DCM (20 ml) and water (12 ml). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with further DCM (12 ml). The combined organic extracts were dried (Na2SO4), and concentrated in vacuo to give a brown solid which was purified on a SPE cartridge (silica, 20 g) eluting with a gradient of ethyl acetate:cyclohexane (1:16, 1:8, 1:4, 1:2, 1:1, 1:0). Fractions containing the desired material were combined and evaporated to afford Intermediate 204 (0.89 g). LCMS showed MH+=319; TRET=2.92 min.
A solution of Intermediate 204 (0.89 g, 2.79 mmol) in ethanol (16.7 ml) was treated with sodium hydroxide (0.47 g, 11.7 mmol) as a solution in water (3.1 ml). The mixture was stirred at 50° C. After 12 h, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give a residual oil which was dissolved in water (16 ml), then cooled and acidified to pH 3 with 2M hydrochloric acid. After stirring at 0° C. for 30 min, the resulting precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with cooled water (2 ml) and dried in vacuo to afford Intermediate 205 as a white solid (0.73 g). LCMS showed MH+=291; TRET=2.19 min.
(Diethylamino)sulphur trifluoride (DAST), (0.06 ml, 0.47 mmol), was added to a stirred solution of 1,1-dimethylethyl(4-oxocyclohexyl)carbamate, (250 mg, 1.17 mmol, commercially available from AstaTech Inc., Philadelphia, USA) in anhydrous dichloromethane (5 ml) and the mixture was stirred under nitrogen at 20° C. After 22 h, the reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C., treated with saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate solution (4 ml), and then allowed to warm to ambient temperature. The phases were separated by passage through a hydrophobic frit and the aqueous phase was further extracted with DCM (5 ml). The combined organic phases were concentrated in vacuo to give an orange solid (369 mg) which was further purified by chromatography using a SPE cartridge (silica, 10 g), eluting with DCM to afford Intermediate 206 (140 mg) containing 20% of 1,1-dimethylethyl (4-fluoro-3-cyclohexen-1-yl)carbamate. 1H NMR (400 MHz in CDCl3, 27° C., δ ppm).
Minor component: δ5.11 (dm, 16 Hz, 1H), 4.56 (br, 1H), 3.80 (br, 1H) 2.45-1.45 (m's, 6H excess), 1.43 (s, 9H). Major component: 64.43 (br, 1H), 3.58 (br, 1H), 2.45-1.45 (m's, 8H excess), 1.45 (s, 9H).
A solution of hydrogen chloride in dioxane (4M, 1.6 ml) was added at 20° C. to a stirred solution of Intermediate 206 (140 mg, 0.6 mmol), in dioxane (1.6 ml). After 3 h, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to afford Intermediate 207 (96.5 mg) containing 4-fluoro-3-cyclohexen-1-amine. 1H NMR (400 MHz in d6-DMSO, 27° C., δ ppm) Minor component: 68.22 (br, 3H excess), 5.18 (dm, 16 Hz, 1H), 3.28-3.13 (m, 1H excess), 2.41-1.53 (m's, 6H excess). Major component: 68.22 (br, 3H excess), 3.28-3.13 (m, 1H excess), 2.41-1.53 (m's, 8H excess). Impurities are also present.
(3-Aminoazepan-2-one)
Many of Intermediates 208 to 229, either as they are or after deprotection, protection and/or functional group interconversion(s), can optionally be used as R3NH2 amines in the preparation of compounds of formula (I) or precursors thereto, e.g. as described in Processes A or B and/or Process D hereinabove; optionally followed by deprotection, protection and/or functional group interconversion(s) e.g. in the 4-(R3NH) group of the pyrazolopyridine compound prepared.
A mixture of Intermediate 13 (0.1 mmol), HATU (0.1 mmol) and DIPEA (0.4 mmol) in DMF (0.4 ml) was shaken at room temperature for 10 min. A solution of the amine reagent Ar—C(R4)(R5)—NH2 (0.1 mmol) in DMF (0.2 ml) was then added and the mixture was agitated for several minutes to give a solution. The solution was stored at room temperature for 16 hours then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in chloroform (0.5 ml) and applied to a SPE cartridge (aminopropyl, 0.5 g). The cartridge was eluted successively with chloroform (1.5 ml), EtOAc (1.5 ml) and EtOAc:MeOH (9:1, 1.5 ml). Fractions containing the desired product were concentrated in vacuo and the residue purified by mass directed autoprep HPLC.
The following Examples 1 to 105 were prepared from Intermediate 13 and the appropriate amine reagent Ar—C(R4)(R5)—NH2 using the above or a similar procedure:
(connectingnitrogenunderlined)
When Examples 78 to 101 are made from an amine reagent Ar—C(R4)(R5)—NH2 which is an appropriate one of Intermediates 62 to 86 (excluding Intermediates 75a, 80a, 82a, 82b, and 83a) as disclosed in the Examples 1-105 table above, then Examples 78 to 101 are believed to be a mixture of enantiomers with the major enantiomer believed to have the (R)-stereochemistry (i.e. at the benzylic carbon atom).
A solution of Intermediate 13 (2.0 g) in thionyl chloride (20 ml) was stirred and heated at reflux for 2.5 hours. The solution was cooled and the thionyl chloride was removed in vacuo to leave the intermediate acid chloride (2.1 g). A solution of the acid chloride (2.1 g), (R)-1-(4-methylphenyl)ethylamine (1.0 g) and DIPEA (1.4 g) in THF (100 ml) was stirred for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between 0.5M sodium bicarbonate (250 ml) and ethyl acetate (250 ml). The organic phase was separated, washed with water (250 ml), dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo to give a foam. The foam was crystallised from a (5:1) mixture of cyclohexane and Et2O. One recrystallisation from a (5:1) mixture of cyclohexane and Et2O gave Example 73 (0.96 g) as white needles. LC-MS showed MH+=408; TRET=3.05 min.
A mixture of Intermediate 14 (0.1 mmol), HATU (0.1 mmol) and DIPEA (0.4 mmol) in DMF (0.4 ml) was shaken at room temperature for 10 min. A solution of the amine Ar—C(R4)(R5)—NH2 (0.1 mmol) in DMF (0.2 ml) was then added and the mixture was agitated for several minutes to give a solution. The solution was stored at room temperature for 16 hours then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in chloroform (0.5 ml) and applied to a SPE cartridge (aminopropyl, 0.5 g). The cartridge was eluted successively with chloroform (1.5 ml), EtOAc (1.5 ml) and EtOAc:MeOH (9:1, 1.5 ml). Fractions containing the desired product were concentrated in vacuo and the residue purified by mass directed autoprep HPLC.
The following Examples 106 to 169 were prepared from Intermediate 14 and the appropriate amine Ar—C(R4)(R5)—NH2 using the above or a similar procedure:
(connectingnitrogenunderlined)
When Examples 143 to 166 are made from an amine reagent Ar—C(R4)(R5)—NH2 which is an appropriate one of Intermediates 62 to 86 (excluding Intermediates 75a, 80a, 82a, 82b, and 83a) as disclosed in the Examples 106-169 table above, then Examples 143 to 166 are believed to be a mixture of enantiomers with the major enantiomer believed to have the (R)-stereochemistry (i.e. at the benzylic carbon atom).
A mixture of Intermediate 15 (0.1 mmol), HATU (0.1 mmol) and DIPEA (0.4 mmol) in DMF (0.4 ml) was shaken at room temperature for 10 min. A solution of the amine Ar—C(R4)(R5)—NH2 (0.1 mmol) in DMF (0.2 ml) was then added and the mixture was agitated for several minutes to give a solution. The solution was stored at room temperature for 16 hours then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in chloroform (0.5 ml) and applied to a SPE cartridge (aminopropyl, 0.5 g). The cartridge was eluted successively with chloroform (1.5 ml), EtOAc (1.5 ml) and EtOAc:MeOH (9:1, 1.5 ml). Fractions containing the desired product were concentrated in vacuo and the residue purified by mass directed autoprep HPLC.
The following Examples 170 to 174 were prepared from Intermediate 15 and the appropriate amine Ar—C(R4)(R5)—NH2 using the above or a similar procedure:
(connectingnitrogenunderlined)
A mixture of Intermediate 16 (0.1 mmol), HATU (0.1 mmol) and DIPEA (0.4 mmol) in DMF (0.4 ml) was shaken at room temperature for 10 min. A solution of the amine Ar—C(R4)(R5)—NH2 (0.1 mmol) in DMF (0.2 ml) was then added and the mixture was agitated for several minutes to give a solution. The solution was stored at room temperature for 16 hours then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in chloroform (0.5 ml) and applied to a SPE cartridge (aminopropyl, 0.5 g). The cartridge was eluted successively with chloroform (1.5 ml), EtOAc (1.5 ml) and EtOAc:MeOH (9:1, 1.5 ml). Fractions containing the desired product were concentrated in vacuo and the residue purified by mass directed autoprep HPLC.
The following Examples 175 to 226 were prepared from Intermediate 16 and the appropriate amine Ar—C(R4)(R5)—NH2 using the above or a similar procedure:
(connectingnitrogenunderlined)
When Examples 196 to 202, 205 to 212, 214, and 216 to 222 are made from an amine reagent Ar—C(R4)(R5)—NH2 which is an appropriate one of Intermediates 62 to 86 (excluding Intermediates 75a, 80a, 82a, 82b, and 83a) as disclosed in the Examples 175-226 table above, then Examples 196 to 202, 205 to 212, 214, and 216 to 222 are believed to be a mixture of enantiomers with the major enantiomer believed to have the (R)— stereochemistry (i.e. at the benzylic carbon atom).
A mixture of Intermediate 17 (25 mg, 0.079 mmol), HATU (35 mg, 0.092 mmol) and DIPEA (50 mg, 0.387 mmol) in MeCN (2.0 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 10 min. Intermediate 91 (30 mg, 0.142 mmol) was then added and the mixture was stirred for 2.5 hours then left to stand overnight. The solution was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in EtOAc and applied to a SPE cartridge (silica, 5 g). The cartridge was eluted with EtOAc. Fractions containing the desired product were concentrated in vacuo to give Example 227 as a white solid. LCMS showed MH+=475; TRET=3.32 min.
The following Examples 228 to 230 were prepared from Intermediate 17 and the appropriate amine Ar—C(R4)(R5)—NH2 using a similar procedure to that used for the preparation of Example 227:
(connectingnitrogenunderlined)
A mixture of the appropriate ketone (0.05 mmol), hydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.07 mmol) and DIPEA (0.05 ml) in MeCN (1.0 ml) was heated at reflux for 5 hours. The solvent was removed. The residue was dissolved in chloroform and applied to a SPE cartridge (silica, 0.5 g). The cartridge was eluted with EtOAc. Fractions containing the desired product were concentrated in vacuo to give the appropriate oxime.
The following Examples 231 to 281 were prepared in the above or a similar manner:
(connectingnitrogenunderlined)
Isomer 1
Isomer 2
Isomer 1
Isomer 2
Isomer 1
Isomer 2
Isomer 1
Isomer 2
When Examples 196 to 202, 205 to 212, 214, and 216 to 222 are made from an amine reagent Ar—C(R4)(R5)—NH2 which is an appropriate one of Intermediates 62 to 86 (excluding Intermediates 75a, 80a, 82a, 82b, and 83a) as disclosed in the Examples 175-226 table above, then the derived Examples 247 to 253, 255 to 261, 264 to 271, and 273 disclosed in the Examples 231-281 table above are generally believed to be a mixture of isomers with the major isomer(s) believed to have the (R)-stereochemistry (i.e. at the benzylic carbon atom).
[cis-(3-hydroxycyclohex-1-yl)amino group; (1:1) mixture of cis-stereoisomers]
A mixture of Intermediate 19 (0.075 mmol), HATU (0.09 mmol) and DIPEA (0.19 mmol) in MeCN (2.0 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 10 min. then added to the amine reagent Ar—C(R4)(R5)—NH2 (0.075 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 7 h. The solvent was removed by blowing nitrogen over the reaction mixture. The residue was partitioned between EtOAc (5 ml) and 0.5M sodium bicarbonate (5 ml). The organic phase was separated, washed with water (5 ml) and dried over MgSO4. The solvent was blown off and the residue dried in vacuo to leave the desired product.
The following Examples 282-286 were prepared from Intermediate 19 and the appropriate amine Ar—C(R4)(R5)—NH2 using this or a similar procedure:
(connectingnitrogenunderlined)
Isomer 1
Isomer 2
When Example 286 is made from an amine reagent Ar—C(R4)(R5)—NH2 which is Intermediates 84 as disclosed in the table above, then Example 286 is believed to be a mixture of isomers with the major isomer(s) believed to have the (R)-stereochemistry (i.e. at the benzylic carbon atom).
A mixture of Intermediate 18 (0.1 mmol), HATU (0.1 mmol) and DIPEA (0.4 mmol) in DMF (0.4 ml) was shaken at room temperature for 10 min. A solution of the amine reagent Ar—C(R4)(R5)—NH2 (0.1 mmol) in DMF (0.2 ml) was then added and the mixture was agitated for several minutes to give a solution. The solution was stored at room temperature for 16 hours then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in chloroform (0.5 ml) and applied to a SPE cartridge (aminopropyl, 0.5 g). The cartridge was eluted successively with chloroform (1.5 ml), EtOAc (1.5 ml) and EtOAc:MeOH (9:1, 1.5 ml). Fractions containing the desired product were concentrated in vacuo and the residue purified by mass directed autoprep HPLC.
The following Examples 287-288 were prepared from Intermediate 18 and the appropriate amine Ar—C(R4)(R5)—NH2 using this or a similar procedure:
(connectingnitrogenunderlined)
The Examples below, which were generally either believed to be racemic or believed to be a mixture of isomers generally enriched in major isomer(s) believed to have the (R)— stereochemistry (i.e. at the benzylic carbon atom), were resolved by preparative chiral column chromatography, using either a 2-inch×20 cm Whelk 0-1 chiral column with 100% EtOH or a mixture of EtOH and n-heptane as the eluent or a 2-inch ChiralPak AD chiral column with 100% ethanol as the eluent. In the Table, “Isomer 1” relates to the first enantiomer to be eluted from the column and “Isomer 2” relates to the second enantiomer.
Example 283 (mixture of diastereoisomers) was also separated into its component isomers by preparative chiral column chromatography, using a 2-inch ChiralCel OD chiral column with a (95:5) mixture of heptane and ethanol as the eluent. In the Table, “Isomer 1” relates to the first enantiomer to be eluted from the column and “Isomer 2” relates to the second enantiomer.
Isomer 1
Isomer 2
Isomer 1
Isomer 2
Isomer 1
Isomer 2
Isomer 1
Isomer 2
Isomer 1
Isomer 2
Isomer 1
Isomer 2
Isomer 1
Isomer 2
Isomer 1
Isomer 2
Cis Isomer 1
Cis Isomer 2
A solution of Example 304 (1.3 g) in Et2O (30 ml) was treated, rapidly dropwise with stirring, with a molar excess (relative to Example 304, i.e. more than 1 mole equivalent cf. Example 304) of 1.0M hydrogen chloride in Et2O. The resultant suspension was left to stand for 2 hours. The solvent was removed in vacuo. The residual solid was recrystallised from ethanol to give the hydrochloride (0.64 g) as white needles. LC-MS showed MH+=436; TRET=3.35 min.
A solution of Intermediate 105 (0.066 mmol) in DMF (1 ml) was treated with EDC (0.066 mmol), HOBT (0.066 mmol) and DIPEA (0.151 mmol) followed by
(0.066 mmol) (e.g. available from Lancaster Synthesis), for example at room temperature. The reaction mixture was left to stand at 22° C. for 16 h. The DMF was evaporated and the residue was partitioned between DCM (5 ml) and saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (2 ml). The organic layer was collected through a hydrophobic frit and evaporated. The residue was purified by mass directed autoprep. HPLC to give the title compound as a gum (8.9 mg). LCMS showed MH+=450; TRET=2.76 min.
The following Examples 309 to 313 were prepared from Intermediate 105 and the appropriate amine Ar—C(R4)(R5)—NH2 using substantially the above procedure:
(connectingnitrogenunderlined)
When Examples 311, 312 and 313 are made from Intermediates 82, 86 and 83 respectively, as disclosed in the table above, then Examples 311, 312 and 313 are believed to be a mixture of enantiomers with the major enantiomer believed to have the (R)-stereochemistry (i.e. at the benzylic carbon atom).
A mixture of Intermediate 109 (27 mg) and Intermediate 111 (16 mg) in MeCN (2 ml) was treated with DIPEA (35 μL). The reaction mixture was heated under reflux for 72 h. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was partitioned between DCM (5 ml) and saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (2 ml). The organic layer was collected through a hydrophobic frit and evaporated. The residue was purified by mass directed autoprep. HPLC to give Example 309 as a white solid (5.0 mg). LCMS showed MH+=436; TRET=2.62 min.
A solution of Intermediate 109 (0.08 mmol) in MeCN (1 ml) was treated with Intermediate 113 (0.088 mmol) and DIPEA (0.2 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at reflux for 20 h. The solvents were evaporated and the residue was partitioned between DCM (5 ml) and water (2 ml). The organic phase was collected through a hydrophobic frit and evaporated. The residue was purified by mass directed autoprep. HPLC to give Example 314 as a white solid (12.2 mg). LCMS showed MH+=435; TRET=2.7 min.
In Example 314, the R3NH group, i.e. the [4-(aminocarbonyl)cyclohexyl]amino group, is preferably in the cis configuration. In this case, (Example 314A), it is 4-{cis-[4-(aminocarbonyl)cyclohexyl]amino}-1-ethyl-N-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carboxamide.
A mixture of Intermediate 13 (0.1 mmol), HATU (0.1 mmol) and DIPEA (0.4 mmol) in DMF (0.4 ml) was shaken at room temperature for 10 min. A solution of the amine reagent Ar—C(R4)(R5)—NH2 (0.1 mmol) in DMF (0.2 ml) was then added and the mixture was agitated for several minutes to give a solution. The solution was stored at room temperature for 16 hours then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in chloroform (0.5 ml) and applied to a SPE cartridge (aminopropyl, 0.5 g). The cartridge was eluted successively with chloroform (1.5 ml), EtOAc (1.5 ml) and EtOAc:MeOH (9:1, 1.5 ml). Fractions containing the desired product were concentrated in vacuo and the residue purified by mass directed autoprep HPLC.
The following Examples 315 to 328 were prepared from Intermediate 13 and the appropriate amine reagent Ar—C(R4)(R5)—NH2 using this or a similar procedure:
(connectingnitrogenunderlined)
(essentially oneenantiomer)
(essentially oneenantiomer)
A solution of Intermediate 105 (29 mg), HATU (36 mg) and DIPEA (0.037 ml) in acetonitrile (5 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 10 min. Intermediate 139 (18 mg) was added. The reaction mixture was left to stand at 22° C. for 16 h. The solvent was evaporated. The residue was dissolved in chloroform and applied to an SPE cartridge (aminopropyl, 2 g). The cartridge was eluted initially with chloroform and then with 20% methanol in ethyl acetate, to give Example 329 (23 mg) as an amorphous solid. LCMS showed MH+=464; TRET=2.87 min.
The following Examples 330 to 345 were prepared from Intermediate 105 and the appropriate amine Ar—C(R4)(R5)—NH2 using the same or a similar procedure to that used for Example 329e.g. with the same or similar numbers of moles of reagents:
(connectingnitrogenunderlined)
A mixture of Intermediate 120 (0.1 mmol), HATU (0.1 mmol) and DIPEA (0.4 mmol) in DMF (0.4 ml) was shaken at room temperature for 10 min. A solution of the amine reagent Ar—C(R4)(R5)—NH2 (0.1 mmol) in DMF (0.2 ml) was then added and the mixture was agitated for several minutes to give a solution. The solution was stored at room temperature for 16-64 hours then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in chloroform (0.5 ml) and applied to a SPE cartridge (aminopropyl, 0.5 g). The cartridge was eluted successively with chloroform (1.5 ml), EtOAc (1.5 ml) and EtOAc:MeOH (9:1, 1.5 ml). Fractions containing the desired product were concentrated in vacuo and the residue purified by mass directed autoprep HPLC.
The following Examples 346 to 351 were prepared from Intermediate 120 and the appropriate amine reagent Ar—C(R4)(R5)—NH2 using this or a similar procedure. The Examples were isolated as a mixture of cis and trans isomers (at the cyclohexane ring), with the cis isomer predominating.
(connectingnitrogenunderlined)
A mixture of Intermediate 120 (0.09 mmol), EDC (0.1 mmol) and HOBT (0.1 mmol) in DMF (1 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. DIPEA (0.23 mmol) was added and the solution was added to the amine reagent Ar—C(R4)(R5)—NH2 (0.12 mmol) in DMF. The mixture was stirred for 30 min. then left to stand at room temperature for 16 hours. The solvent was evaporated. The residue was partitioned between DCM and saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The organic phase was separated and evaporated. The residue was purified by mass directed autoprep HPLC to obtain the desired product.
The following Examples 352 to 355 were prepared from Intermediate 120 and the appropriate amine reagent Ar—C(R4)(R5)—NH2 using this or a similar procedure:
(connectingnitrogenunderlined)
A mixture of Intermediate 121 (0.09 mmol), EDC (0.1 mmol) and HOBT (0.1 mmol) in DMF (1 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. DIPEA (0.23 mmol) was added and the solution was added to the amine reagent Ar—C(R4)(R5)—NH2 (0.12 mmol) in DMF. The mixture was stirred for 30 min. then left to stand at room temperature for 16 hours. The solvent was evaporated. The residue was partitioned between DCM and saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The organic phase was separated and evaporated. The residue was purified by mass directed autoprep HPLC to obtain the desired product.
The following Examples 356 to 359 were prepared from Intermediate 121 and the appropriate amine reagent Ar—C(R4)(R5)—NH2 using this or a similar procedure:
(connectingnitrogenunderlined)
A mixture of Intermediate 152 (30 mg), HATU (120 mg) and DIPEA (0.09 ml) in acetonitrile (2 ml) was added to the amine reagent Ar—C(R4)(R5)—NH2 (0.09 mmol). The mixture was left to stand at room temperature for 16 hours. The solvent was evaporated. The residue was partitioned between DCM and saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The organic phase was separated and evaporated. The residue was purified by mass directed autoprep HPLC to obtain the desired product.
The following Examples 360 to 363 were prepared from Intermediate 152 and the appropriate amine reagent Ar—C(R4)(R5)—NH2 using this or a similar procedure:
(connectingnitrogenunderlined)
A mixture of Intermediate 153 (30 mg), HATU (120 mg) and DIPEA (0.09 ml) in acetonitrile (2 ml) was added to the amine reagent Ar—C(R4)(R5)—NH2 (0.09 mmol). The mixture was left to stand at room temperature for 16 hours. The solvent was evaporated. The residue was partitioned between DCM and saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The organic phase was separated and evaporated. The residue was purified by mass directed autoprep HPLC to obtain the desired product.
The following Examples 364 to 367 were prepared from Intermediate 153 and the appropriate amine reagent Ar—C(R4)(R5)—NH2 using this or a similar procedure:
(connectingnitrogenunderlined)
A mixture of Intermediate 108 (25 mg), cis-3-aminocyclobutanecarboxamide (Chemical Abstracts Service, CAS 84182-57-0) (10 mg) and DIPEA (23 mg) in acetonitrile (4 ml) was heated at reflux for 24 h. The reaction mixture was cooled and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was purified by mass directed autoprep HPLC to give Example 368 (19 mg) as a white solid.
Example 369 was prepared from cis-3-aminocyclobutanecarboxamide and Intermediate 122 using a procedure similar to that used for the preparation of Example 368. Example 369 is believed to be a mixture of isomers enriched in a major isomer believed to have the (R)-stereochemistry at the benzylic carbon atom.
(connectingnitrogenunderlined)
A mixture of Intermediate 158 (23 mg), EDC (15 mg), HOBT (10.5 mg) and DIPEA (27 ul) in DMF (1 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. then added to [(1R)-1-(4-methylphenyl)ethyl]amine (10.5 mg) (e.g. available from Lancaster). The mixture was stirred for 3 h. and then left to stand at room temperature for 16 hours. More EDC (7.5 mg) and HOBT (5.3 mg) were added and the mixture was left to stand for 3 h. More [(1R)-1-(4-methylphenyl)ethyl]amine (5.3 mg) was added and the mixture was left to stand overnight. The solvent was evaporated. The residue was partitioned between DCM and saturated sodium bicarbonate. The organic phase was separated and evaporated. The residue was purified by mass directed autoprep HPLC to obtain Example 370 (10.1 mg; major component, contains 4-(trans-4-acetylcyclohexyl)amino group).
The isomeric ketone, Example 372, was isolated as a minor component (3.7 mg, contains 4-(cis-4-acetylcyclohexyl)amino group) from the purification of Example 370.
The following Example 371 (mixture of cis and trans isomers at cyclohexane ring, and believed to consist essentially of isomers believed to have the (R)-stereochemistry at the benzylic carbon atom) was prepared from Intermediate 158 and the appropriate amine reagent (preferably Intermediate 82b) using the above procedure or a similar procedure:
(connectingnitrogenunderlined)
A mixture of Intermediate 122 (13 mg), Intermediate 160 (7 mg) and DIPEA (0.3 ml) in ethanol (1 ml) was stirred and heated at reflux overnight. The mixture was cooled and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was partitioned between DCM and sodium bicarbonate solution. The organic phase was concentrated. The residue was passed through a silica column, using a mixture of cyclohexane and EtOAc as the eluent, to give Example 373 (3 mg). LCMS showed MH+=478; TRET=3.35 min.
A mixture of Intermediate 162 (25 mg), HATU (32 mg) and DIPEA (68 ul) in acetonitrile (2 ml) was added to the amine reagent Ar—C(R4)(R5)—NH2 (0.08 mmol). The mixture was left to stand at room temperature for 72 hours. The solvent was evaporated. The residue was purified by mass directed autoprep HPLC to obtain the desired product.
The following Examples 374-378 were prepared from Intermediate 162 and the appropriate amine reagent Ar—C(R4)(R5)—NH2 using this or a similar procedure:
(connectingnitrogenunderlined)
A mixture of Intermediate 13 (19 mg), HOBT (10 mg), EDC (14 mg) and DIPEA (26 mg) in acetonitrile (2.5 ml) was stirred for 10 min then added to Intermediate 169 (20 mg). The solution was stirred for 3 h then left to stand overnight at room temperature. More DIPEA (53 mg) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 6 h then left to stand for 3 days at room temperature. The solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between DCM and 1M sodium bicarbonate solution. The organic phase was separated, washed with water and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by passing through a 1 g SPE cartridge, using ethyl acetate containing 50-0% cyclohexane as the eluent, to give Example 379 (18 mg) as a colourless gum. LCMS showed MH+=493; TRET=2.83 min.
Example 380 was prepared from Intermediate 105 and Intermediate 169 using a procedure similar to that used to prepare Example 379. LCMS showed MH+=535; TRET=2.61 min.
A solution of the appropriate intermediate carbamate (Intermediate 164 or 165; 0.2 to 0.25 mmol) in a 4M solution of hydrogen chloride in dioxan (5 ml) was stirred for 1 h at room temperature. The solution was concentrated in vacuo to leave the product as a solid.
The following Examples 381 and 382 were prepared in this manner:
(connectingnitrogenunderlined)
Example 382 is believed to be a mixture of isomers with the major isomer believed to have the (R)-stereochemistry at the benzylic carbon atom.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2003/014867 | Dec 2003 | EP | regional |
| 0405899.6 | Mar 2004 | GB | national |
| 0405936.6 | Mar 2004 | GB | national |
| 0406754.2 | Mar 2004 | GB | national |
This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/596,561 filed 16 Jun. 2006 (now pending) which is a 371 application of PCT/EP2004/014490 filed 17 Dec. 2004 which claims the benefit of PCT/EP2003/014867 filed 19 Decemer 2003 and GB Applications 0405936.6 filed 16 Mar. 2004, 0405899.6 filed 16 Mar. 2004 and 0406754.2 filed 25 Mar. 2004.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 10596561 | Jun 2006 | US |
| Child | 12022372 | US |
