Pyridyl-substituted benzothiophenes

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to novel compositions of matter. More particularly, the present invention relates to substituted benzothiophenes and derivatives thereof. These compounds are potent thromboxane A.sub.2 inhibitors and as such represent useful pharmacological agents.
Since the discovery that human platelets convert the prostaglandin endoperoxide (PGH.sub.2) into a labile proaggregatory molecule known as thromboxane A.sub.2 (TXA.sub.2), researchers have sought compounds that could selectively inhibit the biological activity of TXA.sub.2. This end may be achieved in two different ways: the synthesis of TXA.sub.2 can be blocked by inhibiting the TXA.sub.2 synthetase, or a compound could be a receptor level antagonist of TXA.sub.2. As therapeutic agents, TXA.sub.2 synthetase inhibitors are more useful. See, e.g., R. Gorman, "Biological and Pharmacological Evaluation of Thomboxane Synthetase Inhibitors," Advances in Prostaglandin and Thromboxane Research, 6:417 (1980), and references cited therein. Most important are compounds which selectively inhibit TXA.sub.2 synthetase. Id.
PRIOR ART
A number of TXA.sub.2 synthetase inhibitors are known. See for example the bi-heterocyclic 9,11-trideoxy-PGF-type compounds disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,112,224; SQ 80,388 [1-(3-phenyl-2-propenyl)-1H-imidazole] disclosed in D. Harris, et al., Advances in Prostaglandin and Thromboxane Research 6:437 (1980); pyridine and its derivatives, disclosed in T. Miyamoto, et al., Advances in Prostaglandin and Thromoboxane Research, 6:443 (1980), and British patent application No. 2,039,903A (abstracted in Derwent Farmdoc No. 50111C (1980)). See also H. Tai, et al., Advances in Prostaglandin and Thromboxane Research, 6:447 (1980). Other compounds which have been disclosed as thromboxane synthetase inhibitors include sodium p-benzyl-4(1-oxo-2-(4-chlorobenzyl)-3-phenylpropyl)phenyl phosphate, imidazoles, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, and 12L-hydroperoxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (HETE). As noted in the above named British patent specification, however, the inhibitory activity of these latter compounds on thromboxane synthetase is very weak making them unsatisfactory as practically effective medicines.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Thus, the present invention particularly provides:
A compound of the formula I, wherein Z.sub.1 is
(a) 4-pyridinyl,
(b) 3-pyridinyl, or
(c) 3-pyridinyl substituted at the 4 position by
(1) methyl,
(2) --OCH.sub.3,
(3) --N(CH.sub.3).sub.2, or
(4) --NH.sub.2, or
(d) 3-pyridinyl substituted at the 2, 4, 5, or 6 position by chlorine;
wherein X.sub.1 is
(a) --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --,
(b) --C(OH)--, or
(c) --C(O)--;
wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen, a pharmacologically acceptable cation, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.12) alkyl, (C.sub.3 -C.sub.10) cycloalkyl, (C.sub.7 -C.sub.12) aralkyl, phenyl, phenyl mono-, di-, or trisubstituted by chloro, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.3) or alkyl, or phenyl para-substituted by
(a) --NHCO--R.sub.25,
(b) --O--CO--R.sub.26,
(c) --CO--R.sub.24,
(d) --O--CO--(p--Ph)--R.sub.27, or
(e) --CH.dbd.N--NH--CO--NH.sub.2,
wherein R.sub.24 is phenyl or acetamidophenyl, R.sub.25 is methyl, phenyl, acetamidophenyl, benzamidophenyl, or amino, R.sub.26 is methyl, phenyl, amino or methoxy; and R.sub.27 is hydrogen or acetamido, and wherein --(p--Ph) is 1,4-phenylene;
wherein R.sub.7 is
(a) hydrogen,
(b) --CH.sub.2 OH,
(c) --COOR.sub.1,
(d) --CH.sub.2 N(R.sub.4).sub.2,
(e) --CN
(f) --CON(R.sub.4).sub.2, or
(g) --C(O)--R.sub.4 ;
wherein R.sub.3 is
(a) hydrogen,
(b) (C.sub.1 -C.sub.3)alkyl, or
(c) acyl;
wherein R.sub.4 is
(a) hydrogen,
(b) (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkyl, or
(c) phenyl;
wherein R.sub.9 and R.sub.12 are the same or different and are
(a) hydrogen,
(b) (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkyl
(c) fluoro,
(d) chloro,
(e) bromo,
(f) --OCH.sub.3, or,
(g) when taken together and attached to contiguous carbon atoms, --O--CH.sub.2 --O--;
wherein D represents a single or a double bond;
wherein m is an integer from 0 to 4, inclusive; and wherein n is an integer from 0 to 1, inclusive; including, pharmacologically acceptable acid addition salts thereof; and
when D represents a single bond, an enantiomer or a racemic mixture of enantiomers thereof
The carbon atom content of various hydrocarbon-containing moieties is indicated by a prefix designating the minimum and maximum number of carbon atoms in the moiety, i.e., the prefix (C.sub.i -C.sub.j) indicates a moiety of the integer "i" to the integer "j" carbon atoms, inclusive. Thus (C.sub.1 -C.sub.3)alkyl refers to alkyl of one to 3 carbon atoms, inclusive, or methyl, ethyl, propyl, and isopropyl.
Examples of alkyl of one to 12 carbon atoms, inclusive, are methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, and isomeric forms thereof.
Examples of cycloalkyl of 3 to 10 carbon atoms, inclusive, which includes alkyl-substituted cycloalkyl, are cyclopropyl, 2-methylcyclopropyl, 2,2-dimethylcyclopropyl, 2,3-diethylcyclopropyl, 2-butycyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, 2-methylcyclobutyl, 3-propylcyclobutyl, 2,3,4-triethylcyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, 2,2-dimethylcyclopentyl, 2-pentylcyclopentyl, 3-tert-butylcyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl, 3-isopropylcyclohexyl, 2,2-dimethylcyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl and cyclodecyl.
Examples of aralkyl of 7 to 12 carbon atoms, inclusive, are benzyl, 2-phenethyl, 1-phenylethyl, 2-phenylpropyl, 4-phenylbutyl, 3-phenylbutyl, 2-(1-naphthylethyl), and 1-(2-naphthylmethyl).
Examples of phenyl substituted by one to 3 chloro or alkyl of one to 3 carbon atoms, inclusive, are p-chlorophenyl, m-chlorophenyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl, p-tolyl, m-tolyl, o-tolyl, p-ethylphenyl, 2,5-dimethylphenyl, 4-chloro-2-methylphenyl, and 2,4-dichloro-3-methylphenyl.
The compounds of the present invention may be in the form of pharmacologically acceptable salts. These salts are formed when R.sub.1 is a pharmacologically acceptable cation. Such cations include: pharmacologically acceptable metal cations, ammonium, amine cations, or quaternary ammonium cations.
Especially preferred metal cations are those derived from the alkali metals, e.g., lithium, sodium, and potassium, and from the alkaline earth metals, e.g., magnesium and calcium, although cationic forms of other metals, e.g., aluminum, zinc, and iron are within the scope of this invention.
Pharmacologically acceptable amine cations are those derived from primary, secondary, or tertiary amines. Examples of suitable amines are methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, ethylamine, dibutylamine, triisopropylamine, N-methylhexylamine, decylamine, dodecylamine, allylamine, crotylamine, cyclopentylamine, dicyclohexylamine, benzylamine, dibenzylamine, .alpha.-phenylethylamine, .beta.-phenylethylamine, ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, and the like aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic amines containing up to and including about 18 carbon atoms, as well as heterocyclic amines, e.g., piperidine, morpholine, pyrrolidine, piperzaine, and lower-alkyl derivatives thereof, e.g.,
1-methylpiperidine,
4-ethylmorpholine,
1-isopropylpyrrolidine,
2-methylpyrrolidine,
1,4-dimethylpiperazine,
2-methylpiperidine,
and the like, as well as amines containing water-solubilizing or hydrophilic groups, e.g.,
mono-, di-, and triethanolamine,
ethyldiethanolamine,
N-butylethanolamine,
2-amino-1-butanol,
2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol,
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol,
tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane,
N-phenylethanolamine,
N-(p-tert-amylphenyl)diethanolamine,
glactamine,
N-methylglycamine,
N-methylglycosamine,
ephedrine,
phenylephrine,
epinephrine,
procaine,
and the like. Further useful amine salts are the basic amino acid salts, e.g.,
lysine and
arginine.
Examples of suitable pharmacologically acceptable quarternary ammonium cations are
tetramethylammonium,
tetraethylammonium,
benzyltrimethylammonium,
phenyltriethylammonium, and the like.
Pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts are formed at the heterocyclic amine moiety and are also useful for administering the compounds of this invention. These salts include hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, sulfate, phosphate, acetate, propionate, lactate, maleate, malate, succinate, tartrate, and the like. They are prepared by methods well known in the art.
The compounds of the present invention will be named herein as benzothiophenes, using the Chemical Abstracts numbering system (see Naming and Indexing of Chemical Substances for Chemical Abstracts during the Ninth Collective Period (1972-1976), a reprint of section IV from the Volume 76 Index Guide.)
The compounds of the present invention were tested for TXA.sub.2 inhibition as follows:
Rabbit aortic strips were superfused in series with Krebs solution. Thromboxane A.sub.2 (TXA.sub.2) was generated by mixing prostaglandin H.sub.2 (PGH.sub.2) with human platelet microsomes (HPM).
Potential inhibitors were tested by comparing the response of the rabbit aorta to the amount of TXA.sub.2 produced by mixing PGH.sub.2 and HPM without the test compound in the reaction medium and then the amount of TXA.sub.2 produced when the test compound was added to the HPM 5 minutes before the HPM was mixed with PGH.sub.2. By this means compounds which selectively inhibit TXA.sub.2 synthetase are found. For a discussion of TXA.sub.2 synthetase inhibition testing see, e.g., R. Gorman, supra.
Using this test system, one compound 5-(3-pyridinylmethyl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (Example 7), has been shown to be the most effective in inhibiting TXA.sub.2 formation. This compound has an approximate ED.sub.50 in this system of 1 ng/ml.
The novel compounds of this invention have thus been shown to be highly active as selective inhibitors of the thromboxane synthetase enzyme system. Accordingly, these novel compounds are useful for administration to mammals, including humans, whenever it is desirable medically to inhibit this enzyme system. For a discussion of the utility of TXA.sub.2 inhibitors, see, e.g., Derwent Farmdoc Nos. 18399B; 72896B; 72897B; 63409B; 03755C; 03768C; and 50111C.
Thus, for example, these novel compounds are useful as antiinflammatory agents in mammals and especially humans, and for this purpose, are administered systemically and preferably orally. For oral administration, a dose range of 0.05 to 50 mg per kg of human body weight is used to give relief from pain associated with inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis. They are also administered intravenously in aggravated cases of inflammation, preferably in a dose range 0.01 to 100 .mu.g per kg per minute until relief from pain is attained. When used for these purposes, these novel compounds cause fewer and lesser undesirable side effects than do the known synthetase inhibitors used to treat inflammation, for example, aspirin and indomethacin. When these novel compounds are administered orally, they are formulated as tablets, capsules, or as liquid preparations, with the usual pharmaceutical carriers, binders, and the like. For intravenous use, sterile isotonic solutions are preferred.
These compounds are useful whenever it is desired to inhibit platelet aggregation, reduce the adhesive character of platelets, and remove or prevent the formation of thrombi in mammals, including man, rabbits, dogs, and rats. For example, these compounds are useful in the treatment and prevention of myocardial infarcts, to treat and prevent post-operative thrombosis, to promote patency of vascular grafts following surgery, and to treat conditions such as atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, blood clotting defects due to lipemia, and other clinical conditions in which the underlying etiology is associated with lipid imbalance or hyperlipidemia. For these purposes, these compounds are administered systemically, e.g., intravenously, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, and in the form of sterile implants for prolonged action. For rapid response especially in emergency situations, the intravenous route of administration is preferred. Doses in the range about 0.005 to about 20 mg per kg of body weight per day are used, the exact dose depending on the age, weight, and condition of the patient or animal, and on the frequency and route of administration.
These compounds are further useful as additives to blood, blood products, blood substitutes, or other fluids which are used in artificial extracorporeal circulation or perfusion of isolated body portions, e.g., limbs and organs, whether attached to the original body, detached and being preserved or prepared for transplant, or attached to a new body. During these circulations and perfusions, aggregated platelets tend to block the blood vessels and portions of the circulation apparatus. This blocking is avoided by the presence of these compounds. For this purpose, the compound is added gradually or in single or multiple portions to the circulating blood, to the blood of the donor animal, to the perfused body portion, attached or detached, to the recipient, or to two or all of these at a total steady state dose of about 0.001 to 10 mg per liter of circulating fluid. It is especially useful to use these compounds in laboratory animals, e.g., cats, dogs, rabbits, monkeys, and rats, for these purposes in order to develop new methods and techniques for organ and limb transplants.
The compounds of the present invention are useful in mammals, including humans and certain useful animals, e.g., dogs and pigs, to reduce or avoid gastrointestinal ulcer formation, and accelerate the healing of such ulcers already present in the gastrointestinal tract. For this purpose, these compounds are injected or infused intravenously, subcutaneously, or intramuscularly in an infusion dose range about 0.1 .mu.g to about 500 .mu.g/kg of body weight per minute, or in a total daily dose by injection or infusion in the range about 0.1 to about 20 mg/kg of body weight per day, the exact dose depending on the age, weight, and condition of the patient or animal, and on the frequency and route of administration.
The novel compounds are used for the purposes described above in the free acid form, in ester form, and in the pharmacologically acceptable salt form. When the ester form is used, the ester is any of those within the above definition of R.sub.1. However, it is preferred that the ester be alkyl of one to 12 carbon atoms, inclusive. Of the alkyl esters, methyl and ethyl are especially preferred for optimum absorption of the compound by the body or experimental animal system; and straight-chain octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, and dodecyl are especially preferred for prolonged activity in the body or experimental animal.
Thromboxane synthetase converts PGH.sub.2 (prostaglandin endoperoxide) into TXA.sub.2. PGH.sub.2 is also converted to prostacyclin, PGD.sub.2, and other compounds by other enzymes. Thus, because the compounds of this invention inhibit thromboxane A.sub.2 synthetase, they increase the PGH.sub.2 substrate and thus increase the amount of endogenous prostacyclin. Therefore, they are also useful for many of the pharmacological purposes for which prostacyclin is employed.
Prostacyclin and a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor have both been shown to be effective in controlling tumor cell metastasis, see, e.g., K. Honn, et al., "Thromboxane Synthetase Inhibitors and Prostacyclin Can Control Tumor Cell Metastasis," an Abstract of the Twentieth Annual Meeting of the American Society for Cell Biology, in the Journal of Cell Biology, 87:64 (1980).
Similarly, prostacyclin has been shown to be an effective antihypertensive agent. The compounds of the present invention are also used for this purpose. (See, e.g., British patent specification No. 2,039,903A).
For a general discussion of the utility of TXA.sub.2 synthetase inhibitors which increase endogenous prostacyclin, see, Aiken, et al. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 219:299 (1981).
The compounds of the present invention are prepared by the methods depicted in Chart A-K.
The benzothiophenes of the present invention are prepared by the method of Chart A, as described more fully in Preparations 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, and Examples 5, 7, and 8. Conversion of the formula LXXXV thiophenol to the formula LXXXVII benzothiophene is accomplished using known methods as described, e.g., in Y. Matsuki, et al., Nippon Kugaku Zasshi 87:186 (1966) and Chapman, et al., J. Chem. Soc. 514 (1968). The formula LXXXVII benzothiophene thus prepared is reacted with an appropriate 3- or 4- lithiopyridine compound (prepared by reacting the corresponding 3- or 4-bromopyridine compound with n-butyllithium) to yield the corresponding formula LXXVIII compound wherein X.sub.1 is --CH(OH)--. Reaction with thionyl chloride yields the formula LXXXIX compound. The chloro group is removed by treatment of this compound with zinc dust in the presence of acid (e.g., propionic acid), to yield the formula XC compound, which is carboxylated by known means (e.g., pouring a solution of the XC compound in an inert solvent in the presence of n-butyllithium over crushed dry ice), to yield the formula XCI compound, which is converted to other compounds of this invention by the methods of the previous charts. Alternatively, as set forth in the Preparations and Examples described below, the formula LXXXVII compound is converted to the corresponding bromomethyl compound by known means (see, e.g., Matsuki, supra). This XCII compound is converted to the corresponding aldehyde of the formula XCIII, which is then reacted with 3-lithiopyridine (as described in Example 5) to yield the formula LXXXVIII compound which is then reacted as described above.
For compounds wherein m is one, the method of Chart B is used. An ester of the Formula XL is reduced with lithium aluminum hydride in ether or tetrahydrofuran to yield the corresponding alcohol after workup. This alchol is tosylated or mesylated using p-toluenesulfonyl chloride or methanesulfonyl chloride in pyridine to yield the Formula XLII product. (Ts indicates the tosylated compound, but the compound could also be mesylated). This compound is treated with excess sodium cyanide in dimethylformamide (DMF) and stirred under nitrogen at room temperature for 5 hr to yield the Formula XLIII cyano compound. This compound is dissolved in ethanol and treated with 25% aqueous potassium hydroxide to yield the corresponding acid. This compound is esterified by means well known in the art, e.g., treatment with diazomethane in methanol for the methyl ester. Pharmacologically acceptable salts are also prepared by means well known in the art.
Chart C depicts the synthesis of compounds of the present invention wherein m is 2, 3, or 4. In Chart C, q is zero, one, or 2. An ester of the Formula L is reduced with diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBAL) in toluene or methylene chloride at low temperature to yield, after workup, the Formula LI aldehyde. Reaction of this aldehyde with an alkoxy alkylene-triphenylphosphorane of the formula Ph.sub.3 P.dbd.CHCH.sub.2 -(CH.sub.2).sub.q COOR.sub.10 (wherein Ph is phenyl) yields the unsaturated ester of the Formula LII after workup. Careful reduction of this unsaturated ester by reaction with one equivalent of hydrogen over palladium-on-carbon in alcohol yields the saturated ester of the Formula LIII. The free acid or a pharmacologically acceptable salt of this ester is prepared by means well known in the art. The corresponding amides, phenacyl esters, and the like are prepared by the methods depicted in e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,292,445 and 4,172,206.
The dihydrobenzothiophenes are prepared as depicted in Chart D. A solution of a formula LX benzothiophene in water is stirred with excess sodium amalgam (NaHg) for 24 hr. After workup there is obtained the corresponding Formula LXI dihydrobenzothiophene. (See, e.g., D. T. Witiak, et al., J. Med. Chem. 14, 754 (1971).)
Reduction of the corresponding acid or ester of the formula COOR.sub.10 with lithium aluminum hydride as depicted in Chart B, (XL to XLI) is used to prepare all of the corresponding alcohols within the scope of Formula I.
Chart E depicts another method for preparing the compounds of this invention. Reaction of the formula XCVIII compound with 3-lithiopyridine (prepared, e.g., by reaction of 3-bromopyridine with n-butyllithium) yields the formula CI compound wherein X.sub.1 is --C(OH)--.
Chart F depicts a method for preparing chloro-pyridinyl compounds of this invention. The CV pyridinyl derivative is treated with m-chloroperbenzoic acid to yield the corresponding CVI N-oxide. The N-oxide is treated with phosphorous oxychloride to yield the corresponding chloropyridyl isomers of the formula CVII.
Substituted benzothiophenes (i.e. compounds wherein R.sub.9 and R.sub.12 are other than hydrogen) are prepared by the methods depicted in Charts G and H.
Chart G depicts a method for preparing methyl or methoxy substituted benzothiophenes. In Chart I, R.sub.19 is methyl or methoxy. The formula CXV ether is hydrolyzed (using hydrobromic acid for example) to yield the formula CXVI alcohol. Similarly, the formula CXV' ether is hydrogenolyzed with hydrogen over palladium on carbon catalyst to yield the formula CXVI alcohol. This alcohol is treated as in Chart H to yield the corresponding thiol, which is converted to the compounds of this invention by the method of Chart A.
Chart H depicts a general method for preparing the substituted benzothiophenes of Chart A. The R.sub.9 and R.sub.12 substituted paramethylthiophenol starting materials of the formula CXXXI are thus prepared by conversion of an appropriate formula CXXX substituted phenol into a thiophenol using the well established Newman-Kwart rearrangement (see, e.g., Org. Syn., 51:139 (1971)) and other related procedures. See also the Schonberg rearrangement by J. L. Wardell in "The Chemistry of the Thiol Group", ed. S. Patai, Wiley, New York, 1974, p. 163 and the Kawata-Harano-Taguchi rearrangement, Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Japan), 21, 604 (1973). The para-methylphenols are either commercially available or can be prepared by methods known in the art.
Similarly, various substituted hydroxy benzaldehydes are available commercially or may be prepared by methods known in the art. The hydroxybenzaldehydes are thus converted to the claimed benzothiophenes by the method of Charts H and A, as described above.
Chart I depicts a method for preparing compounds wherein X.sub.1 is --C(O)--. A compound of the formula CXX is treated with potassium superoxide to yield the formula CXXI compound.
Hydrogenolysis of compounds wherein X.sub.1 is --C(OH)-- is depicted in Chart J. A compound of the formula CLV is hydrogenated using, e.g., a Parr apparatus and a palladium-on-carbon catalyst.
Compounds where Z.sub.1 is 4-methylpyridine are prepared by converting the corresponding 4-chloropyridine of Chart H with methyl magnesium halides to the 4-methyl pyridine derivative according to the procedure described in K. Thomas and D. Jerchel, in "Newer Methods of Organic Chemistry," Vol. III., W. Foerst, ed., Academic Press, N.Y. 1964, pp 74-75.
The 4-methoxy, 4-amino, and 4-N,N-demethylamino derivatives are prepared from the corresponding 4-methoxy-3-bromopyridine (see T. Talik, Roczniki Chem, 36:1465 (1962)), 3-bromo-4-aminopyridine (see T. Talik, Roczniki Chem., 37:69 (1963)) and 3-bromo-4-dimethylaminopyridine (see J. M. Essery and K. Schofield, J. Chem. Soc., 4953 (1960)), respectively, using the procedure of Chart F (conversion of XCVIII to CI).
Preparation of various other benzothiophene derivatives within the scope of this invention are prepared by analogous procedures well known in the art.
Certain compounds of the present invention are preferred. Thus, compounds of the formula I, wherein D denotes a double bond, X.sub.1 is --(CH.sub.2).sub.n -- (wherein n is zero or one, more preferably one), Z.sub.1 is 3-pyridinyl, m is zero, R.sub.7 is COOR.sub.1, R.sub.1 is Na or H and R.sub.9 and R.sub.12 are hydrogen are preferred. Compounds having all these preferences are more preferred. Thus, 5-(3-pyridinylmethyl)-benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid is the most preferred compound of this invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The present invention is seen more fully by the Examples given below.
PREPARATION 1 (p-Tolythio)acetaldehyde diethyl acetal
Refer to Chart A (conversion of LXXXV to LXXXVI).
Using the procedure described in Chapman, et al., J. Chem. Soc. 514 (1968), and starting with p-methylthiophenol, the tilted compound is prepared.
PREPARATION 2 5-Methylbenzo[b]thiophene
Refer to Chart A (conversion of LXXXVI to LXXXVII).
Using the procedures of Chapman, et al., J. Chem. Soc. 514 (1968), and starting with Preparation 1 the tilted compound is prepared, having a melting point of 37.degree.-38.degree. C.
PREPARATION 3 5-Bromomethylbenzo[b]thiophene
Refer to Chart A (conversion of LXXXVII to XCII).
The titled compound is prepared from the compound of Preparation 1 using the procedure of Y. Matsuki, et al., Nippon Kugaku Zasshi 87:186 (1966). The compound has a melting point of 97.degree. C.
PREPARATION 4 5-Formylbenzo[b]thiophene
Refer to Chart A (conversion of XCII to XCIII).
The titled compound is obtained from the compound of Preparation 2, using the procedure of Matsuki, et al., Nippon Kasaku Zasshi 87:186 (1966).
EXAMPLE 5
5-(3-Pyridinylhydroxymethyl)-benzo[b]thiophene (Formula I: Z.sub.2 is 3-pyridyl, X.sub.2 is --CH(OH)-- and is para to the sulfur, R.sub.7, R.sub.9, and R.sub.12 are hydrogen, m is zero, and D is a double bond)
Refer to Chart A (conversion of XCIII to LXXXVI).
To a magnetically stirred solution of 3-bromopyridine (9.74 g, 61.63 mmol) in 130 ml of ether, cooled in a -78.degree. C. bath, is added over a 5 min period 35.60 ml of 1.6M n-butyllithium in hexane. Stirring is continued at -78.degree. C. for 1 hr. At the end of this period, the aldehyde of Preparation 4 (7.68 g, 47.41 mmol) in 60 ml of ether is added over a 13 min period to the 3-lithiopyridine solution at -78.degree. C. Stirring is then maintained at 0.degree. C. to -10.degree. C. for 1 hr. The reaction is quenched by addition of 5 ml of saturated Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4 solution, stirred and diluted with additional ether solvent. The reaction solution is dried in the anhydrous Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4 powder, and the solvent is removed in vacuo. Chromatography of the resulting oil with 350 g of silica gel in acetone-CH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 solvent (1:1) affords 8.3 g of the titled compound as a white solid with melting point 134.5.degree.-136.5.degree. C., as recrystallized from ethyl acetate-Skellysolve B (SSB--a commercial mixture of essentially n-hexane.)
TLC using acetone-CH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 (1:6) yields an R.sub.f of 0.18.
The C:H:N:S ratio is 69.43:4.48:5.86:13.41.
The mass spectrum yields an ion at 241.0556.
The NMR (CDCl.sub.3, .delta.) spectrum reveals peaks at 8.60, 8.40, 7.80, 7.60-7.20, 6.00, and 4.00.
PREPARATION 6 5-(3-Pyridinylchloromethyl)-benzo[b]thiophene
Refer to Chart A (conversion of LXXXVIII to LXXXIX).
To a magnetically stirred suspension of the alcohol of Example 4 (1.50 g, 6.22 mmol) in 15 ml of chloroform is added 3.70 g (31.12 mmol) of thionyl chloride. The resulting solution is refluxed for 1 hr, then cooled to room temperature and poured into 100 ml of ice cold saturated NaHCO.sub.3 solution. The aqueous solution is extracted with chloroform, the chloroform solution is washed with saturated NaHCO.sub.3 solution, saturated brine and dried through anhydrous Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4. Removal of the solvent in vacuo gives 1.60 g of the titled product as a golden oil. This material is used withut further purification.
TLC using acetone-CH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 (1:6) yields an R.sub.f of 0.57.
The mass spectrum reveals ions at m/e 259.0241.
The NMR (CDCl.sub.3, .delta.) spectrum reveals peaks at 8.70, 8.55, 7.80, 7.50-7.15, and 6.20.
EXAMPLE 7
5-(3-pyridinylmethyl)-benzo[b]thiophene (Formula I: Z.sub.2 is 3-pyridyl, X.sub.2 is --CH.sub.2 -- and is para to the sulfur, R.sub.7, R.sub.9, and R.sub.12 are hydrogen, m is zero)
To a magnetically stirred solution of Preparation 5 (1.50 g, 5.79 mmol) in 30 ml of chloroform is added 2.26 g of Zn dust and 0.514 g of propionic acid. Stirring is continued at 25.degree. C. for 15 min. The contents are poured into 150 ml of saturated NaHCO.sub.3 solution and worked up in the same manner as described above. The crude product is chromatographed with 75 g of silica gel. Elution with EtOAc-SSB (1:1) afforded 0.850 g of the titled product as a yellow oil. Crystallization from ether-hexane yields 0.727 g of product as a crystalline white solid with a melting point 71.0.degree.-73.5.degree. C.
TLC using EtOAc-SSB (1:1) yields an R.sub.f of 0.30.
The C:H:N ratio is 74.75:5.14:6.17:14.32.
The mass spectrum reveals ions at m/e 224.052 g.
The NMR (CDCl.sub.3, .delta.) spectrum reveals peaks at 8.60, 7.90-7.10, and 4.05.
EXAMPLE 8
5-(3-Pydridinylmethyl)-benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid, methyl ester; 5-(3-Pydridinylmethyl)-benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid; and 5-(3-Pydridinylmethyl)-benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid, sodium salt (Formula I: Z.sub.2 is 3-pyridyl, X.sub.2 is --CH.sub.2 -- and is para to the sulfur, R.sub.9, and R.sub.12 are hydrogen, m is zero, D is a double bond, R.sub.7 is --COOH, --COOCH.sub.3, or --COONa)
To a magnetically stirred solution of the compound of Example 6 (0.739 g, 3.28 mmol) in 30 ml of tetrahydrofuran is added 1 equivalent of 1.6M n-BuLi in hexane (2.05 ml). The dark solution is stirred at 25.degree. C. for 1 hr. The contents are poured into crushed dry ice in 100 ml of ether and allowed to stand at ambient temperature. 10 ml of water and 25 ml of 1N NaOH are added, and the ether layer is separated. The ether extract is further extracted with 20 ml of 1N NaOH. The combined basic extracts are acidified with 2N KHSO.sub.4 to pH 5 and extracted thoroughly with chloroform. The aqueous solution is adjusted to pH 3 and again thoroughly extracted with chloroform. The combined chloroform solution is dried with anhydrous Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4, and concentrated in vacuo to yield 0.650 g of a foamy solid. This material is triturated with acetone, filtered, and the solid is washed with ether to yield 0.269 g of the free acid corresponding to the titled products as a white powder, melting point 210.degree.-212.degree. C.
A sample of this acid in methanol is treated with etheral-CH.sub.2 N.sub.2 to give the methyl ester having a melting point of 106.degree.-108.degree. C.
The corresponding sodium salt of this compound is prepared by treatment of the free acid (80 mg, 0.30 mmol) in 5 ml of methanol with 1 equivalent of 1N NaOH. After complete hydrolysis, the resulting solution is freeze-dried to afford 73 mg of sodium salt with melting point of greater than 300.degree. C.
TLC for the free acid in CHCl.sub.3 MeOH-HOAc (92:7:1) yields an R.sub.f of 0.37; and for the ester in acetone-CH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 (1:4) an R.sub.f of 0.44.
The mass spectrum for the free acid reveals an ion at m/e 269.0491; for the ester, an ion at m/e 283.0646.
The NMR (d.sub.6 -DMSO, .delta.) spectrum for the free acid reveals peaks at 8.70-8.40, 8.10-7.20, and 4.10. For the ester, NMR peaks are observed at 8.65, 8.10, 7.90-7.20, 4.10, and 4.00.
TABLE I______________________________________FORMULA______________________________________ ##STR1##______________________________________ I ##STR2##

Number	Name	Date	Kind
4112224	Bundy	Sep 1978
4259338	Paioni et al.	Mar 1981

Number	Date	Country
0050957	May 1982	EPX
2537837	Mar 1976	DEX

Pyridyl-substituted benzothiophenes

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