Patent Application
20100286181
The present invention relates to compounds which demonstrate antibacterial activity, processes for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions containing them as the active ingredient, to their use as medicaments and to their use in the manufacture of medicaments for use in the treatment of bacterial infections in warm-blooded animals such as humans. In particular this invention relates to compounds useful for the treatment of bacterial infections in warm-blooded animals such as humans, more particularly to the use of these compounds in the manufacture of medicaments for use in the treatment of bacterial infections in warm-blooded animals such as humans.
The international microbiological community continues to express serious concern that the evolution of antibiotic resistance could result in strains against which currently available antibacterial agents will be ineffective. In general, bacterial pathogens may be classified as either Gram-positive or Gram-negative pathogens. Antibiotic compounds with effective activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens are generally regarded as having a broad spectrum of activity. The compounds of the present invention are regarded as effective against both Gram-positive and certain Gram-negative pathogens.
Gram-positive pathogens, for example Staphylococci, Enterococci, Streptococci and mycobacteria, are particularly important because of the development of resistant strains which are both difficult to treat and difficult to eradicate from the hospital environment once established. Examples of such strains are methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin resistant coagulase negative staphylococci (MRCNS), penicillin resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and multiple resistant Enterococcus faecium.
The preferred clinically effective antibiotic for treatment of last resort of such resistant Gram-positive pathogens is vancomycin. Vancomycin is a glycopeptide and is associated with various toxicities, including nephrotoxicity. Furthermore, and most importantly, antibacterial resistance to vancomycin and other glycopeptides is also appearing. This resistance is increasing at a steady rate rendering these agents less and less effective in the treatment of Gram-positive pathogens. There is also now increasing resistance appearing towards agents such as β-lactams, quinolones and macrolides used for the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections, also caused by certain Gram negative strains including H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis.
Consequently, in order to overcome the threat of widespread multi-drug resistant organisms, there is an on-going need to develop new antibiotics, particularly those with either a novel mechanism of action and/or containing new pharmacophoric groups.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) gyrase is a member of the type II family of topoisomerases that control the topological state of DNA in cells (Champoux, J. J.; 2001. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 70: 369-413). Type II topoisomerases use the free energy from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis to alter the topology of DNA by introducing transient double-stranded breaks in the DNA, catalyzing strand passage through the break and resealing the DNA. DNA gyrase is an essential and conserved enzyme in bacteria and is unique among topoisomerases in its ability to introduce negative supercoils into DNA. The enzyme consists of two subunits, encoded by gyrA and gyrB, forming an A2B2 tetrameric complex. The A subunit of gyrase (GyrA) is involved in DNA breakage and resealing and contains a conserved tyrosine residue that forms the transient covalent link to DNA during strand passage. The B subunit (GyrB) catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP and interacts with the A subunit to translate the free energy from hydrolysis to the conformational change in the enzyme that enables strand-passage and DNA resealing.
Another conserved and essential type II topoisomerase in bacteria, called topoisomerase IV, is primarily responsible for separating the linked closed circular bacterial chromosomes produced in replication. This enzyme is closely related to DNA gyrase and has a similar tetrameric structure formed from subunits homologous to Gyr A and to Gyr B. The overall sequence identity between gyrase and topoisomerase IV in different bacterial species is high. Therefore, compounds that target bacterial type II topoisomerases have the potential to inhibit two targets in cells, DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV; as is the case for existing quinolone antibacterials (Maxwell, A. 1997, Trends Microbiol. 5: 102-109).
DNA gyrase is a well-validated target of antibacterials, including the quinolones and the coumarins. The quinolones (e.g. ciprofloxacin) are broad-spectrum antibacterials that inhibit the DNA breakage and reunion activity of the enzyme and trap the GyrA subunit covalently complexed with DNA (Drlica, K., and X. Zhao, 1997, Microbiol. Molec. Biol. Rev. 61: 377-392). Members of this class of antibacterials also inhibit topoisomerase IV and as a result, the primary target of these compounds varies among species. Although the quinolones are successful antibacterials, resistance generated primarily by mutations in the target (DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV) is becoming an increasing problem in several organisms, including S. aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae (Hooper, D.C., 2002, The Lancet Infectious Diseases 2: 530-538). In addition, quinolones, as a chemical class, suffer from toxic side effects, including arthropathy that prevents their use in children (Lipsky, B. A. and Baker, C. A., 1999, Clin. Infect. Dis. 28: 352-364). Furthermore, the potential for cardiotoxicity, as predicted by prolongation of the QTc interval, has been cited as a toxicity concern for quinolones.
There are several known natural product inhibitors of DNA gyrase that compete with ATP for binding the GyrB subunit (Maxwell, A. and Lawson, D. M. 2003, Curr. Topics in Med. Chem. 3: 283-303). The coumarins are natural products isolated from Streptomyces spp., examples of which are novobiocin, chlorobiocin and coumermycin A1. Although these compounds are potent inhibitors of DNA gyrase, their therapeutic utility is limited due to toxicity in eukaryotes and poor penetration in Gram-negative bacteria (Maxwell, A. 1997, Trends Microbiol. 5: 102-109). Another natural product class of compounds that targets the GyrB subunit is the cyclothialidines, which are isolated from Streptomyces filipensis (Watanabe, J. et al 1994, J. Antibiot. 47: 32-36). Despite potent activity against DNA gyrase, cyclothialidine is a poor antibacterial agent showing activity only against some eubacterial species (Nakada, N, 1993, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 37: 2656-2661).
Synthetic inhibitors that target the B subunit of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV are known in the art. For example, coumarin-containing compounds are described in patent application number WO 99/35155,5,6-bicyclic heteroaromatic compounds are described in patent application WO 02/060879, and pyrazole compounds are described in patent application WO 01/52845 (U.S. Pat. No. 6,608,087).
We have discovered a new class of compounds which are useful for inhibiting DNA gyrase and/or topoisomerase IV.
Therefore the present invention provides a compound of formula (I):
wherein:
R1 is selected from hydrogen, nitro, hydroxy, halo, cyano, C1-4alkyl, C1-4alkoxy, C2-4alkenyl, C2-4alkynyl, C1-4alkanoyl, C1-4alkylS(O)a wherein a is 0 to 2 and C3-6cycloalkyl; wherein R1 may be optionally substituted on carbon by one or more halo or cyclopropyl;
R2 is selected from hydrogen, nitro, hydroxy, halo, cyano, C1-4alkyl, C1-4alkoxy, C2-4alkenyl, C2-4alkynyl, C1-4alkanoyl, C1-4alkylS(O)a wherein a is 0 to 2 and C3-6cycloalkyl; wherein R2 may be optionally substituted on carbon by one or more halo or C3-6cycloalkyl;
R3 is selected from hydrogen, nitro, hydroxy, halo, cyano, C1-4alkyl, C1-4alkoxy, C2-4alkenyl, C2-4alkynyl, C1-4alkanoyl, C1-4alkylS(O)a wherein a is 0 to 2 and C3-6cycloalkyl; wherein R3 may be optionally substituted on carbon by one or more halo or C3-6cycloalkyl;
W is —O—, —N(R7)— or —C(R8)(R9)—;
Ring A is carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl; wherein if said heterocyclyl contains an —NH— moiety that nitrogen may be optionally substituted by a group selected from R10;
R4 and R5 are selected from the following groups: (i) one of R4 and R5 is hydrogen and the other one is selected from azido, amino or heterocyclyl; or (ii) R4 and R5 are independently selected from an C1-6alkyl or an C1-6alkoxy group; or (iii) R4 and R5 together form oxo, R11R12N—N═ or R13O—N═; or (iv) R4 and R5 together with the carbon to which they are attached form 3-6 membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring wherein said ring may be optionally spiro-fused to a further 3-6 membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring; wherein R4 and R5 in any of groups (i)-(iv) may be optionally substituted on carbon by one or more R14; and wherein if said heterocyclyl in group (i) or heterocyclic ring in group (iv) contains an —NH— moiety that nitrogen may be optionally substituted by a group selected from R15;
R6 is a substituent on carbon and is selected from azido, halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, trifluoromethoxy, amino, carboxy, carbamoyl, mercapto, sulphamoyl, sulfo, formyl, ureido, hydroxyiminomethyl, N-hydroxyformamido, hydrazinocarbonyl, N-hydroxyethanimidoyl, amino(hydroxyimino)methyl, C2-4alkenyl, C2-4alkynyl, C1-4alkoxy, C1-4alkanoyl, C1-4alkanoyloxy, N—(C1-4alkyl)amino, N,N—(C1-4alkyl)2amino, C1-4alkanoylamino, N—(C1-4alkyl)carbamoyl, N,N—(C1-4alkyl)2carbamoyl, N—(C1-4alkoxy)carbamoyl, N′—(C1-4alkyl)ureido, N′,N′—(C1-4alkyl)2ureido, N—(C1-4alkyl)-N—(C1-4alkoxy)carbamoyl, C1-4alkylS(O)a wherein a is 0 to 2, C1-4alkoxycarbonyl, C1-4alkenyloxycarbonyl, C1-4alkoxycarbonylamino, N—(C1-4alkyl)sulphamoyl, N,N—(C1-4alkyl)2sulphamoyl, C1-4alkylsulphonylamino, C1-4alkylsulphonylaminocarbonyl, N′—(C1-4alkyl)hydrazinocarbonyl, N′,N′—(C1-4alkyl)2hydrazinocarbonyl, carbocyclyl-R16— or heterocyclyl-R17; wherein R6 may be optionally substituted on carbon by one or more R18; and wherein if said heterocyclyl contains an —NH— moiety that nitrogen may be optionally substituted by a group selected from R19;
m is 0-4; wherein the values of R6 may be the same or different;
R7, R8 and R9 are independently selected from hydrogen or C1-4alkyl;
R11, R12 and R13 are independently selected from hydrogen, C1-4alkyl, C1-4alkanoyl, C1-4alkylsulphonyl, C1-4alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, N—(C1-4alkyl)carbamoyl, N,N—(C1-4alkyl)carbamoyl, benzyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, benzoyl and phenylsulphonyl; or R11 and R12 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heterocyclic group; wherein R11, R12 and R13 may be independently optionally substituted on carbon by one or more R20; and wherein if said heterocyclyl contains an —NH— moiety that nitrogen may be optionally substituted by a group selected from R21;
R14 and R18 are independently selected from halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, trifluoromethoxy, amino, carboxy, carbamoyl, mercapto, sulphamoyl, C1-4alkyl, C2-4alkenyl, C2-4alkynyl, C1-4alkoxy, C1-4alkanoyl, C1-4alkanoyloxy, N—(C1-4alkyl)amino, N,N—(C1-4alkyl)2amino, C1-4alkanoylamino, N—(C1-4alkyl)carbamoyl, N,N—(C1-4alkyl)2carbamoyl, C1-4alkylS(O)a wherein a is 0 to 2, C1-4alkoxycarbonyl, N—(C1-4alkyl)sulphamoyl, N,N—(C1-4alkyl)2sulphamoyl, C1-4alkylsulphonylamino, C1-4alkoxycarbonylamino, carbocyclyl-R22— or heterocyclyl-R23—; or two R14 or two R18 may together form methylene; wherein R14 and R18 may be independently optionally substituted on carbon by one or more R24; and wherein if said heterocyclyl contains an —NH— moiety that nitrogen may be optionally substituted by a group selected from R25;
R10, R15, R19, R21 and R25 are independently selected from C1-4alkyl, C1-4alkanoyl, C1-4alkylsulphonyl, C1-4alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, N—(C1-4alkyl)carbamoyl, N,N—(C1-4alkyl)carbamoyl, benzyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, benzoyl and phenylsulphonyl; wherein R10, R15, R19, R21 and R25 may be independently optionally substituted on carbon by one or more R31;
R16, R17, R22 and R23 are independently selected from a direct bond, —O—, —N(R26)—, —C(O)—, —N(R27)C(O)—, —C(O)N(R28)—, —S(O)P, —SO2N(R29)— or —N(R30)SO2—; wherein R26, R27, R28, R29 and R30 are independently selected from hydrogen or C1-4alkyl and p is 0-2;
R20, R24 and R31 are independently selected from halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoromethyl, amino, carboxy, carbamoyl, mercapto, sulphamoyl, methyl, ethyl, ethenyl, ethynyl, methoxy, ethoxy, acetyl, acetoxy, methylamino, ethylamino, dimethylamino, diethylamino, N-methyl-N-ethylamino, acetylamino, N-methylcarbamoyl, N-ethylcarbamoyl, N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl, N,N-diethylcarbamoyl, N-methyl-N-ethylcarbamoyl, methylthio, ethylthio, methylsulphinyl, ethylsulphinyl, mesyl, ethylsulphonyl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, N-methylsulphamoyl, N-ethylsulphamoyl, N,N-dimethylsulphamoyl, N,N-diethylsulphamoyl or N-methyl-N-ethylsulphamoyl;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;
with the proviso that said compound is not:
In a further aspect of the invention there is provided a compound of formula (I) wherein:
R1 is selected from hydrogen, nitro, hydroxy, halo, cyano, C1-4alkyl, C1-4alkoxy, C2-4alkenyl, C2-4alkynyl, C1-4alkanoyl, C1-4alkylS(O)a wherein a is 0 to 2 and C3-6cycloalkyl; wherein R1 may be optionally substituted on carbon by one or more halo or cyclopropyl;
R2 is selected from hydrogen, nitro, hydroxy, halo, cyano, C1-4alkyl, C1-4alkoxy, C2-4alkenyl, C2-4alkynyl, C1-4alkanoyl, C1-4alkylS(O)a wherein a is 0 to 2 and C3-6cycloalkyl; wherein R2 may be optionally substituted on carbon by one or more halo or C3-6cycloalkyl;
R3 is selected from hydrogen, nitro, hydroxy, halo, cyano, C1-4alkyl, C1-4alkoxy, C2-4alkenyl, C2-4alkynyl, C1-4alkanoyl, C1-4alkylS(O)a wherein a is 0 to 2 and C3-6cycloalkyl; wherein R3 may be optionally substituted on carbon by one or more halo or C3-6cycloalkyl;
W is —O—, —N(R7)— or —C(R8)(R9)—;
Ring A is carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl; wherein if said heterocyclyl contains an —NH— moiety that nitrogen may be optionally substituted by a group selected from R10;
R4 and R5 are selected from the following groups: (i) one of R4 and R5 is hydrogen and the other one is selected from azido or heterocyclyl; or (ii) R4 and R5 are independently selected from an C1-6alkyl or an C1-6alkoxy group; or (iii) R4 and R5 together form oxo, R11R12N—N═ or R13O—N═; or (iv) R4 and R5 together with the carbon to which they are attached form 3-6 membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring; wherein R4 and R5 in any of groups (i)-(iv) may be optionally substituted on carbon by one or more R14; and wherein if said heterocyclyl in group (i) or heterocyclic ring in group (iv) contains an —NH— moiety that nitrogen may be optionally substituted by a group selected from R15;
R6 is a substituent on carbon and is selected from azido, halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, trifluoromethoxy, amino, carboxy, carbamoyl, mercapto, sulphamoyl, sulfo, formyl, ureido, hydroxyiminomethyl, N-hydroxyformamido, hydrazinocarbonyl, N-hydroxyethanimidoyl, amino(hydroxyimino)methyl, C1-4alkyl, C2-4alkenyl, C2-4alkynyl, C1-4alkoxy, C1-4alkanoyl, C1-4alkanoyloxy, N—(C1-4alkyl)amino, N,N—(C1-4alkyl)2amino, C1-4alkanoylamino, N—(C1-4alkyl)carbamoyl, N,N—(C1-4alkyl)2carbamoyl, N—(C1-4alkoxy)carbamoyl, N′—(C1-4alkyl)ureido, N′,N′—(C1-4alkyl)2ureido, N—(C1-4alkyl)-N—(C1-4alkoxy)carbamoyl, C1-4alkylS(O)a wherein a is 0 to 2, C1-4alkoxycarbonyl, C1-4alkenyloxycarbonyl, C1-4alkoxycarbonylamino, N—(C1-4alkyl)sulphamoyl, N,N—(C1-4alkyl)2sulphamoyl, C1-4alkylsulphonylamino, C1-4alkylsulphonylaminocarbonyl, N′—(C1-4alkyl)hydrazinocarbonyl, N′,N′—(C1-4alkyl)2hydrazinocarbonyl, carbocyclyl-R16— or heterocyclyl-R17—; wherein R6 may be optionally substituted on carbon by one or more R18; and wherein if said heterocyclyl contains an —NH— moiety that nitrogen may be optionally substituted by a group selected from R19;
m is 0-4; wherein the values of R6 may be the same or different;
R7, R8 and R9 are independently selected from hydrogen or C1-4alkyl;
R11, R12 and R13 are independently selected from hydrogen, C1-4alkyl, C1-4alkanoyl, C1-4alkylsulphonyl, C1-4alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, N—(C1-4alkyl)carbamoyl, N,N—(C1-4alkyl)carbamoyl, benzyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, benzoyl and phenylsulphonyl; or R11 and R12 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heterocyclic group; wherein R11, R12 and R13 may be independently optionally substituted on carbon by one or more R20; and wherein if said heterocyclyl contains an —NH— moiety that nitrogen may be optionally substituted by a group selected from R21;
R14 and R18 are independently selected from halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, trifluoromethoxy, amino, carboxy, carbamoyl, mercapto, sulphamoyl, C1-4alkyl, C2-4alkenyl, C2-4alkynyl, C1-4alkoxy, C1-4alkanoyl, C1-4alkanoyloxy, N—(C1-4alkyl)amino, N,N—(C1-4alkyl)2amino, C1-4alkanoylamino, N—(C1-4alkyl)carbamoyl, N,N—(C1-4alkyl)2carbamoyl, C1-4alkylS(O)a wherein a is 0 to 2, C1-4alkoxycarbonyl, N—(C1-4alkyl)sulphamoyl, N,N—(C1-4alkyl)2sulphamoyl, C1-4alkylsulphonylamino, C1-4alkoxycarbonylamino, carbocyclyl-R22— or heterocyclyl-R23—; wherein R14 and R18 may be independently optionally substituted on carbon by one or more R24; and wherein if said heterocyclyl contains an —NH— moiety that nitrogen may be optionally substituted by a group selected from R25;
R10, R15, R19, R21 and R25 are independently selected from C1-4alkyl, C1-4alkanoyl, C1-4alkylsulphonyl, C1-4alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, N—(C1-4alkyl)carbamoyl, N,N—(C1-4alkyl)carbamoyl, benzyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, benzoyl and phenylsulphonyl;
R16, R17, R22 and R23 are independently selected from a direct bond, —O—, —N(R26)—, —C(O)—, —N(R27)C(O)—, —C(O)N(R28)—, —S(O)p—, —SO2N(R29)— or —N(R30)SO2—; wherein R26, R27, R28, R29 and R30 are independently selected from hydrogen or C1-4alkyl and p is 0-2;
R20 and R24 are independently selected from halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoromethyl, amino, carboxy, carbamoyl, mercapto, sulphamoyl, methyl, ethyl, ethenyl, ethynyl, methoxy, ethoxy, acetyl, acetoxy, methylamino, ethylamino, dimethylamino, diethylamino, N-methyl-N-ethylamino, acetylamino, N-methylcarbamoyl, N-ethylcarbamoyl, N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl, N,N-diethylcarbamoyl, N-methyl-N-ethylcarbamoyl, methylthio, ethylthio, methylsulphinyl, ethylsulphinyl, mesyl, ethylsulphonyl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, N-methylsulphamoyl, N-ethylsulphamoyl, N,N-dimethylsulphamoyl, N,N-diethylsulphamoyl or N-methyl-N-ethylsulphamoyl;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
In a further aspect of the invention there is provided a compound of formula (I) wherein:
R1 is selected from hydrogen, nitro, hydroxy, halo, cyano, C1-4alkyl, C1-4alkoxy, C2-4alkenyl, C2-4alkynyl, C1-4alkanoyl, C1-4alkylS(O)a wherein a is 0 to 2 and C3-6cycloalkyl; wherein R1 may be optionally substituted on carbon by one or more halo or cyclopropyl;
R2 is selected from hydrogen, nitro, hydroxy, halo, cyano, C1-4alkyl, C1-4alkoxy, C2-4alkenyl, C2-4alkynyl, C1-4alkanoyl, C1-4alkylS(O)a wherein a is 0 to 2 and C3-6cycloalkyl; wherein R2 may be optionally substituted on carbon by one or more halo or C3-6cycloalkyl;
R3 is selected from hydrogen, nitro, hydroxy, halo, cyano, C1-4alkyl, C1-4alkoxy, C2-4alkenyl, C2-4alkynyl, C1-4alkanoyl, C1-4alkylS(O)a wherein a is 0 to 2 and C3-6cycloalkyl; wherein R3 may be optionally substituted on carbon by one or more halo or C3-6cycloalkyl;
W is —O—, —N(R7)— or —C(R8)(R9)—;
Ring A is carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl; wherein if said heterocyclyl contains an —NH— -moiety that nitrogen may be optionally substituted by a group selected from R10;
R4 and R5 are selected from the following groups: (i) one of R4 and R5 is hydrogen and the other one is selected from azido or heterocyclyl; or (ii) R4 and R5 are independently selected from an C1-6alkyl or an C1-6alkoxy group; or (iii) R4 and R5 together form oxo, R11R12N—N═ or R13O—N═; or (iv) R4 and R5 together with the carbon to which they are attached form 3-6 membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring; wherein R4 and R5 in any of groups (i)-(iv) may be optionally substituted on carbon by one or more R14; and wherein if said heterocyclyl in group (i) or heterocyclic ring in group (iv) contains an —NH— moiety that nitrogen may be optionally substituted by a group selected from R15;
R6 is a substituent on carbon and is selected from azido, halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, trifluoromethoxy, amino, carboxy, carbamoyl, mercapto, sulphamoyl, sulfo, formyl, ureido, hydroxyiminomethyl, N-hydroxyformamido, hydrazinocarbonyl, N-hydroxyethanimidoyl, amino(hydroxyimino)methyl, C1-4alkyl, C2-4alkenyl, C2-4alkynyl, C1-4alkoxy, C1-4alkanoyl, C1-4alkanoyloxy, N—(C1-4alkyl)amino, N,N—(C1-4alkyl)2amino, C1-4alkanoylamino, N—(C1-4alkyl)carbamoyl, N,N—(C1-4alkyl)2carbamoyl, N—(C1-4alkoxy)carbamoyl, N′—(C1-4alkyl)ureido, N′,N′—(C1-4alkyl)2ureido, N—(C1-4alkyl)-N—(C1-4alkoxy)carbamoyl, C1-4alkylS(O)a wherein a is 0 to 2, C1-4alkoxycarbonyl, C1-4alkenyloxycarbonyl, C1-4alkoxycarbonylamino, N—(C1-4alkyl)sulphamoyl, N,N—(C1-4alkyl)2sulphamoyl, C1-4alkylsulphonylamino, C1-4alkylsulphonylaminocarbonyl, N′—(C1-4alkyl)hydrazinocarbonyl, N′,N′—(C1-4alkyl)2hydrazinocarbonyl, carbocyclyl-R16— or heterocyclyl-R17—; wherein R6 may be optionally substituted on carbon by one or more R18; and wherein if said heterocyclyl contains an —NH— moiety that nitrogen may be optionally substituted by a group selected from R19;
m is 0-4; wherein the values of R6 may be the same or different;
R7, R8 and R9 are independently selected from hydrogen or C1-4alkyl;
R11, R12 and R13 are independently selected from hydrogen, C1-4alkyl, C1-4alkanoyl, C1-4alkylsulphonyl, C1-4alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, N—(C1-4alkyl)carbamoyl, N,N—(C1-4alkyl)carbamoyl, benzyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, benzoyl and phenylsulphonyl; or R11 and R12 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heterocyclic group; wherein R11, R12 and R13 may be independently optionally substituted on carbon by one or more R20; and wherein if said heterocyclyl contains an —NH— moiety that nitrogen may be optionally substituted by a group selected from R21;
R14 and R18 are independently selected from halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, trifluoromethoxy, amino, carboxy, carbamoyl, mercapto, sulphamoyl, C1-4alkyl, C2-4alkenyl, C2-4alkynyl, C1-4alkoxy, C1-4alkanoyl, C1-4alkanoyloxy, N—(C1-4alkyl)amino, N,N—(C1-4alkyl)2amino, C1-4alkanoylamino, N—(C1-4alkyl)carbamoyl, N,N—C1-4alkyl)2carbamoyl, C1-4alkylS(O)a wherein a is 0 to 2, C1-4alkoxycarbonyl, N—(C1-4alkyl)sulphamoyl, N,N—(C1-4alkyl)2sulphamoyl, C1-4alkylsulphonylamino, C1-4alkoxycarbonylamino, carbocyclyl-R22— or heterocyclyl-R23—; wherein R14 and R18 may be independently optionally substituted on carbon by one or more R24; and wherein if said heterocyclyl contains an —NH— moiety that nitrogen may be optionally substituted by a group selected from R25;
R10, R15, R19, R21 and R25 are independently selected from C1-4alkyl, C1-4alkanoyl, C1-4alkylsulphonyl, C1-4alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, N—(C1-4alkyl)carbamoyl, N,N—(C1-4alkyl)carbamoyl, benzyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, benzoyl and phenylsulphonyl;
R16, R17, R22 and R23 are independently selected from a direct bond, —O—, —N(R26)—, —C(O)—, —N(R27)C(O)—, —C(O)N(R28)—, —S(O)p—, —SO2N(R29)— or —N(R30)SO2—; wherein R26, R27, R28, R29 and R30 are independently selected from hydrogen or C1-4alkyl and p is 0-2;
R20 and R24 are independently selected from halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoromethyl, amino, carboxy, carbamoyl, mercapto, sulphamoyl, methyl, ethyl, ethenyl, ethynyl, methoxy, ethoxy, acetyl, acetoxy, methylamino, ethylamino, dimethylamino, diethylamino, N-methyl-N-ethylamino, acetylamino, N-methylcarbamoyl, N-ethylcarbamoyl, N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl, N,N-diethylcarbamoyl, N-methyl-N-ethylcarbamoyl, methylthio, ethylthio, methylsulphinyl, ethylsulphinyl, mesyl, ethylsulphonyl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, N-methylsulphamoyl, N-ethylsulphamoyl, N,N-dimethylsulphamoyl, N,N-diethylsulphamoyl or N-methyl-N-ethylsulphamoyl;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;
with the proviso that said compound is not:
In a further aspect of the invention there is provided a compound of formula (I) wherein:
R1 is selected from hydrogen, nitro, hydroxy, halo, cyano, C1-4alkyl, C1-4alkoxy, C2-4alkenyl, C2-4alkynyl, C1-4alkylS(O)a wherein a is 0 to 2 and C3-6cycloalkyl; wherein R1 may be optionally substituted on carbon by one or more halo or cyclopropyl;
R2 is selected from hydrogen, nitro, hydroxy, halo, cyano, C1-4alkyl, C1-4alkoxy, C2-4alkynyl, C1-4alkanoyl, C1-4alkylS(O)a wherein a is 0 to 2 and C3-6cycloalkyl; wherein R2 may be optionally substituted on carbon by one or more halo or C3-6cycloalkyl;
R3 is selected from hydrogen, nitro, hydroxy, halo, cyano, C1-4alkoxy, C2-4alkenyl, C2-4alkynyl, C1-4alkanoyl, C1-4alkylS(O)a wherein a is 0 to 2 and C3-6cycloalkyl; wherein R3 may be optionally substituted on carbon by one or more halo or C3-6cycloalkyl;
W is —O—, —N(R7)— or —C(R8)(R9)—;
Ring A is carbocyclyl or heterocyclyl; wherein if said heterocyclyl contains an —NH— moiety that nitrogen may be optionally substituted by a group selected from R10;
R4 and R5 are selected from the following groups: (i) one of R4 and R5 is hydrogen and the other one is selected from azido, amino or heterocyclyl; or (ii) R4 and R5 are independently selected from an C1-6alkyl or an C1-6alkoxy group; or (iii) R4 and R5 together form oxo, R11R12N—N═ or R13O—N═; or (iv) R4 and R5 together with the carbon to which they are attached form 3-6 membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring wherein said ring may be optionally spiro-fused to a further 3-6 membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring; wherein R4 and R5 in any of groups (i)-(iv) may be optionally substituted on carbon by one or more R14; and wherein if said heterocyclyl in group (i) or heterocyclic ring in group (iv) contains an —NH— moiety that nitrogen may be optionally substituted by a group selected from R15;
R6 is a substituent on carbon and is selected from azido, halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, trifluoromethoxy, amino, carboxy, carbamoyl, mercapto, sulphamoyl, sulfo, formyl, ureido, hydroxyiminomethyl, N-hydroxyformamido, hydrazinocarbonyl, N-hydroxyethanimidoyl, amino(hydroxyimino)methyl, C1-4alkyl, C2-4alkenyl, C2-4alkynyl, C1-4alkoxy, C1-4alkanoyl, C1-4alkanoyloxy, N—(C1-4alkyl)amino, N,N—(C1-4alkyl)2amino, C1-4alkanoylamino, N—(C1-4alkyl)carbamoyl, N,N—(C1-4alkyl)2carbamoyl, N—(C1-4alkoxy)carbamoyl, N′—(C1-4alkyl)ureido, N′,N′—(C1-4alkyl)2ureido, N—(C1-4alkyl)-N—(C1-4alkoxy)carbamoyl, C1-4alkylS(O)a wherein a is 0 to 2, C1-4alkoxycarbonyl, C1-4alkenyloxycarbonyl, C1-4alkoxycarbonylamino, N—(C1-4alkyl)sulphamoyl, N,N—(C1-4alkyl)2sulphamoyl, C1-4alkylsulphonylamino, C1-4alkylsulphonylaminocarbonyl, N′—(C1-4alkyl)hydrazinocarbonyl, N′,N′—(C1-4alkyl)2hydrazinocarbonyl, carbocyclyl-R16— or heterocyclyl-R17—; wherein R6 may be optionally substituted on carbon by one or more R18; and wherein if said heterocyclyl contains an —NH— moiety that nitrogen may be optionally substituted by a group selected from R19;
m is 0-4; wherein the values of R6 may be the same or different;
R7, R8 and R9 are independently selected from hydrogen or C1-4alkyl;
R11, R12 and R13 are independently selected from hydrogen, C1-4alkyl, C1-4alkylsulphonyl, C1-4alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, N—(C1-4alkyl)carbamoyl, N,N—(C1-4alkyl)carbamoyl, benzyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, benzoyl and phenylsulphonyl; or R11 and R12 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heterocyclic group; wherein R11, R12 and R13 may be independently optionally substituted on carbon by one or more R20; and wherein if said heterocyclyl contains an —NH— moiety that nitrogen may be optionally substituted by a group selected from R21;
R14 and R18 are independently selected from halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, trifluoromethoxy, amino, carboxy, carbamoyl, mercapto, sulphamoyl, C1-4alkyl, C2-4alkenyl, C2-4alkynyl, C1-4alkoxy, C1-4alkanoyl, C1-4alkanoyloxy, N—(C1-4alkyl)amino, N,N—(C1-4alkyl)2amino, C1-4alkanoylamino, N—(C1-4alkyl)carbamoyl, N,N—(C1-4alkyl)2carbamoyl, C1-4alkylS(O)a wherein a is 0 to 2, C1-4alkoxycarbonyl, N—(C1-4alkyl)sulphamoyl, N,N—(C1-4alkyl)2sulphamoyl, C1-4alkylsulphonylamino, C1-4alkoxycarbonylamino, carbocyclyl-R22— or heterocyclyl-R23—; or two R14 or two R18 may together form methylene; wherein R14 and R18 may be independently optionally substituted on carbon by one or more R24; and wherein if said heterocyclyl contains an —NH— moiety that nitrogen may be optionally substituted by a group selected from R25;
R10, R15, R19, R21 and R25 are independently selected from C1-4alkyl, C1-4alkanoyl, C1-4alkylsulphonyl, C1-4alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, N—(C1-4alkyl)carbamoyl, N,N—(C1-4alkyl)carbamoyl, benzyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, benzoyl and phenylsulphonyl;
R16, R17, R22 and R23 are independently selected from a direct bond, —O—, —N(R26)—, —C(O)—, —N(R27)C(O)—, —C(O)N(R28)—, —S(O)p—, —SO2N(R29)— or —N(R30)SO2—; wherein R26, R27,
R28, R29 and R30 are independently selected from hydrogen or C1-4alkyl and p is 0-2;
R20 and R24 are independently selected from halo, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoromethyl, amino, carboxy, carbamoyl, mercapto, sulphamoyl, methyl, ethyl, ethenyl, ethynyl, methoxy, ethoxy, acetyl, acetoxy, methylamino, ethylamino, dimethylamino, diethylamino, N-methyl-N-ethylamino, acetylamino, N-methylcarbamoyl, N-ethylcarbamoyl, N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl, N,N-diethylcarbamoyl, N-methyl-N-ethylcarbamoyl, methylthio, ethylthio, methylsulphinyl, ethylsulphinyl, mesyl, ethylsulphonyl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, N-methylsulphamoyl, N-ethylsulphamoyl, N,N-dimethylsulphamoyl, N,N-diethylsulphamoyl or N-methyl-N-ethylsulphamoyl;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;
with the proviso that said compound is not:
The invention also provides a compound which is one of the Examples described herein.
The invention also provides a compound which is one of the Examples or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
The invention also provides a compound which is one of Examples 12, 14, 19, 20, 25, 29, 52, 53, 72, 108 or 125 a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
In this specification the term alkyl includes both straight and branched chain alkyl groups. For example, “C1-4alkyl” includes methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl and t-butyl. However references to individual alkyl groups such as propyl are specific for the straight chain version only. An analogous convention applies to other generic terms.
Where optional substituents are chosen from one or more groups it is to be understood that this definition includes all substituents being chosen from one of the specified groups or the substituents being chosen from two or more of the specified groups.
R4 and R5 together with the carbon to which they are attached may form a 3-6 membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring. Said “3-6 membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring” is therefore fused to the piperidino ring of formula (I) in a spiro manner. A “carbocyclic ring” is a saturated, partially saturated or unsaturated, monocyclic carbon ring that contains 3-6 atoms, one of which is shared with the piperidine of formula (I); wherein a —CH2— group can optionally be replaced by a —C(O)—. A “heterocyclic ring” is a saturated, partially saturated or unsaturated, monocyclic ring containing 3-6 atoms, one of which is shared with the piperidine of formula (I); of which at least one atom is chosen from nitrogen, sulphur or oxygen, wherein a —CH2— group can optionally be replaced by a —C(O)— and a ring sulphur atom may be optionally oxidised to form the S-oxide(s). Suitable examples of a “heterocyclic ring” would be 1,3-dioxolan-2-yl and 1,3-dioxanyl. Said ring “may be optionally spiro-fused to a further 3-6 membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring”. In this instance this further 3-6 membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring would share an atom in common with the original ring in a spiro manner. An example of this would be 5,7-dioxaspiro[2.5]octyl.
R11 and R12 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heterocyclic group. A “heterocyclic group” is a saturated, partially saturated or unsaturated, mono or bicyclic ring containing 4-12 atoms of which at least one atom is nitrogen and the others are chosen from carbon, nitrogen, sulphur or oxygen, which may, unless otherwise specified, be carbon or nitrogen linked, wherein a —CH2— group can optionally be replaced by a —C(O)— and a ring nitrogen and/or a ring sulphur atom may be optionally oxidised to form the N- or S-oxide(s).
A “heterocyclyl” is a saturated, partially saturated or unsaturated, mono or bicyclic ring containing 4-12 atoms of which at least one atom is chosen from nitrogen, sulphur or oxygen, which may, unless otherwise specified, be carbon or nitrogen linked, wherein a —CH2— group can optionally be replaced by a —C(O)— and a ring nitrogen and/or a ring sulphur atom may be optionally oxidised to form the N- or S-oxide(s). In one aspect of the invention a “heterocyclyl” is a saturated, partially saturated or unsaturated, monocyclic ring containing 5 or 6 atoms of which at least one atom is chosen from nitrogen, sulphur or oxygen, it may, unless otherwise specified, be carbon or nitrogen linked, a —CH2— group can optionally be replaced by a —C(O)— and a ring sulphur atom may be optionally oxidised to form the S-oxides. In a further aspect of the invention a “heterocyclyl” is an unsaturated, carbon-linked, monocyclic ring containing 5 or 6 atoms of which at least one atom is chosen from nitrogen, sulphur or oxygen. Examples and suitable values of the term “heterocyclyl” are morpholino, piperidyl, pyridyl, pyranyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, isothiazolyl, indolyl, quinolyl, thienyl, 1,3-benzodioxolyl, thiadiazolyl, piperazinyl, thiazolidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, thiomorpholino, pyrrolinyl, homopiperazinyl, 3,5-dioxapiperidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, imidazolyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, isoxazolyl, N-methylpyrrolyl, 4-pyridone, 1-isoquinolone, 2-pyrrolidone, 4-thiazolidone, pyridine-N-oxide and quinoline-N-oxide. Further examples and suitable values of the term “heterocyclyl” are thiazolyl, quinolinyl, benzothiazolyl, pyrimidinyl and pyridinyl.
A “carbocyclyl” is a saturated, partially saturated or unsaturated, mono or bicyclic carbon ring that contains 3-12 atoms; wherein a —CH2— group can optionally be replaced by a —C(O)—. Particularly “carbocyclyl” is a monocyclic ring containing 5 or 6 atoms or a bicyclic ring containing 9 or 10 atoms. Suitable values for “carbocyclyl” include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, 1-oxocyclopentyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, phenyl, naphthyl, tetralinyl, indanyl or 1-oxoindanyl. A particular example of “carbocyclyl” is phenyl.
An example of “C1-4alkanoyloxy” is acetoxy.
Examples of “C1-4alkoxycarbonyl” include methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, n- and t-butoxycarbonyl.
Examples of “C1-4alkoxycarbonylamino” include methoxycarbonylamino, ethoxycarbonylamino, n- and t-butoxycarbonylamino.
Examples of “C1-4alkoxy” include methoxy, ethoxy and propoxy.
Examples of “C1-4alkanoylamino” include formamido, acetamido and propionylamino.
Examples of “C1-4alkylS(O)a wherein a is 0 to 2” include methylthio, ethylthio, methylsulphinyl, ethylsulphinyl, mesyl and ethylsulphonyl.
Examples of “C1-4alkanoyl” include formyl, propionyl and acetyl.
Examples of “N—(C1-4alkyl)amino” include methylamino and ethylamino.
Examples of “N,N—(C1-4alkyl)2amino” include di-N-methylamino, di-(N-ethyl)amino and N-ethyl-N-methylamino.
Examples of “C2-4alkenyl” are vinyl, allyl and 1-propenyl. Examples of “C2-4alkynyl” are ethynyl, 1-propynyl and 2-propynyl.
Examples of “N—(C1-4alkyl)sulphamoyl” are N-(methyl)sulphamoyl and N-(ethyl)sulphamoyl.
Examples of “N,N—(C1-4alkyl)2sulphamoyl” are N,N-(dimethyl)sulphamoyl and N-(methyl)-N-(ethyl)sulphamoyl.
Examples of “N—(C1-4alkyl)carbamoyl” are methylaminocarbonyl and ethylaminocarbonyl.
Examples of “N,N—(C1-4alkyl)2carbamoyl” are dimethylaminocarbonyl and methylethylaminocarbonyl.
Examples of “N—(C1-4alkoxy)carbamoyl” are methoxyaminocarbonyl and isopropoxyaminocarbonyl.
Examples of “N—(C1-4alkyl)-N—(C1-4alkoxy)carbamoyl” are N-methyl-N-methoxyaminocarbonyl and N-methyl-N-ethoxyaminocarbonyl.
Examples of “C3-6cycloalkyl” are cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopropyl and cyclohexyl.
Examples of “N′—(C1-4alkyl)ureido” are N′-methylureido and N′-isopropylureido. Examples of “N′,N′—(C1-4alkyl)2ureido” are N′N′-dimethylureido and N′-methyl-N′-isopropylureido.
Examples of “N′—(C1-4alkyl)hydrazinocarbonyl” are N′-methylhydrazinocarbonyl and N′-isopropylhydrazinocarbonyl.
Examples of “N′,N′—(C1-4alkyl)2hydrazinocarbonyl” are N′N′-dimethylhydrazinocarbonyl and N′-methyl-N′-isopropylhydrazinocarbonyl.
Examples of “C1-4alkylsulphonylamino” include methylsulphonylamino, isopropylsulphonylamino and t-butylsulphonylamino.
Examples of “C1-4alkylsulphonylaminocarbonyl” include methylsulphonylaminocarbonyl, isopropylsulphonylaminocarbonyl and t-butylsulphonylaminocarbonyl.
Examples of “C1-4alkylsulphonyl” include methylsulphonyl, isopropylsulphonyl and t-butylsulphonyl.
A compound of formula (I) may form stable acid or basic salts, and in such cases administration of a compound as a salt may be appropriate, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts may be made by conventional methods such as those described following.
Suitable pharmaceutically-acceptable salts include acid addition salts such as methanesulfonate, tosylate, α-glycerophosphate, fumarate, hydrochloride, citrate, maleate, tartrate and (less preferably) hydrobromide. Also suitable are salts formed with phosphoric and sulfuric acid. In another aspect suitable salts are base salts such as an alkali metal salt for example sodium or potassium, an alkaline earth metal salt for example calcium or magnesium, an organic amine salt for example triethylamine, morpholine, N-methylpiperidine, N-ethylpiperidine, procaine, dibenzylamine, N,N-dibenzylethylamine, tris-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, tromethamine, N-methyl d-glucamine and amino acids such as glycine or lysine. There may be more than one cation or anion depending on the number of charged functions and the valency of the cations or anions. A preferred pharmaceutically-acceptable salt is the sodium salt.
However, to facilitate isolation of the salt during preparation, salts which are less soluble in the chosen solvent may be preferred whether pharmaceutically-acceptable or not.
Within the present invention it is to be understood that a compound of the formula (I) or a salt thereof may exhibit the phenomenon of tautomerism and that the formulae drawings within this specification can represent only one of the possible tautomeric forms. It is to be understood that the invention encompasses any tautomeric form which inhibits DNA gyrase and/or topoisomerase IV and is not to be limited merely to any one tautomeric form utilised within the formulae drawings. The formulae drawings within this specification can represent only one of the possible tautomeric forms and it is to be understood that the specification encompasses all possible tautomeric forms of the compounds drawn not just those forms which it has been possible to show graphically herein. The same applies to compound names. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that certain compounds of formula (I) contain an asymmetrically substituted carbon and/or sulphur atom, and accordingly may exist in, and be isolated in, optically-active and racemic forms. Some compounds may exhibit polymorphism. It is to be understood that the present invention encompasses any racemic, optically-active, polymorphic or stereoisomeric form, or mixtures thereof, which form possesses properties useful in the inhibition of DNA gyrase and/or topoisomerase IV, it being well known in the art how to prepare optically-active forms (for example, by resolution of the racemic form by recrystallization techniques, by synthesis from optically-active starting materials, by chiral synthesis, by enzymatic resolution, by biotransformation, or by chromatographic separation using a chiral stationary phase) and how to determine efficacy for the inhibition of DNA gyrase and/or topoisomerase IV by the standard tests described hereinafter.
It is also to be understood that certain compounds of the formula (I) and salts thereof can exist in solvated as well as unsolvated forms such as, for example, hydrated forms. It is to be understood that the invention encompasses all such solvated forms which inhibit DNA gyrase and/or topoisomerase IV.
Particular values of variable groups are as follows. Such values may be used where appropriate with any of the definitions, claims or embodiments defined hereinbefore or hereinafter. Each stated species represents a particular and independent aspect of the invention.
R1 is C1-4alkyl.
R1 is methyl.
R2 is halo.
R2 is chloro.
R3 is halo.
R3 is chloro.
R1 is methyl, R2 is chloro and R3 is chloro.
R1 is methyl, R2 is chloro, R3 is chloro and W is NH.
Ring A is carbocyclyl.
Ring A is heterocyclyl; wherein if said heterocyclyl contains an —NH— moiety that nitrogen may be optionally substituted by a group selected from R10.
Ring A is heterocyclyl.
Ring A is thiazolyl.
Ring A is thiazolyl or pyridyl.
Ring A is thiazolyl, benzothiazolyl or pyridyl.
Ring A is thiazol-2-yl or pyrid-2-yl.
Ring A is thiazol-2-yl, benzothiazol-2-yl or pyrid-2-yl.
Ring A is thiazol-2-yl.
R1 is methyl, R2 is chloro, R3 is chloro, W is NH and Ring A is thiazolyl, benzothiazolyl or pyridyl.
R1 is methyl, R2 is chloro, R3 is chloro, W is NH and Ring A is thiazolyl.
R1 is methyl, R2 is chloro, R3 is chloro, W is NH and Ring A is thiazol-2-yl.
One of R4 and R5 is hydrogen and the other one is selected from azido or heterocyclyl; wherein R4 and R5 may be optionally substituted on carbon by one or more R14; and wherein if said heterocyclyl contains an —NH— moiety that nitrogen may be optionally substituted by a group selected from R15.
R4 and R5 are independently selected from an C1-6alkyl or an C1-6alkoxy group; wherein R4 and R5 may be optionally substituted on carbon by one or more R14.
R4 and R5 together form oxo, R11R12N—N═ or R13O—N═.
R4 and R5 together with the carbon to which they are attached form 3-6 membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring; wherein R4 and R5 may be optionally substituted on carbon by one or more R14; and wherein if said heterocyclic ring contains an —NH— moiety that nitrogen may be optionally substituted by a group selected from R15.
R4 and R5 are selected from the following groups: (i) one of R4 and R5 is hydrogen and the other one is selected from azido, amino or heterocyclyl; or (ii) R4 and R5 are independently selected from a C1-6alkoxy group; or (iii) R4 and R5 together form R13O—N═; or (iv) R4 and R5 together with the carbon to which they are attached form a 3-6 membered heterocyclic ring wherein said ring may be optionally spiro-fused to a further 3-6 membered carbocyclic ring; wherein R4 and R5 in any of groups (i)-(iv) may be optionally substituted on carbon by one or more R14; wherein
R13 is C1-4alkyl;
R14 is selected from halo, cyano, C1 alkyl or C1-4alkoxy; or two R14 may together form methylene; wherein R14 and R18 may be independently optionally substituted on carbon by one or more R24;
R24 is selected from halo, cyano, hydroxy and methoxy.
R4 and R5 are selected from the following groups: (ii) R4 and R5 are independently selected from C1-6alkoxy group; or (iii) R4 and R5 together form R13O—N═; or (iv) R4 and R5 together with the carbon to which they are attached form 3-6 membered heterocyclic ring; wherein R13 is C1-4alkyl.
R4 and R5 are selected from the following groups: (i) one of R4 and R5 is hydrogen and the other one is selected from azido, amino, imidazolyl, 1,2,3-triazolyl or 1,2,4-triazolyl; or (ii) R4 and R5 are both methoxy; or (iii) R4 and R5 together form R13O—N═; or (iv) R4 and R5 together with the carbon to which they are attached form 1,3-dioxolanyl or 1,3-dioxanyl wherein said ring may be optionally spiro-fused to a further cyclopropyl ring; wherein R4 and R5 in any of groups (i)-(iv) may be optionally substituted on carbon by one or more R14; wherein
R13 is methyl;
R14 is selected from chloro, bromo, cyano, methyl, methoxy or ethoxy; or two R14 may together form methylene; wherein R14 and R18 may be independently optionally substituted on carbon by one or more R24;
R24 is selected from fluoro, cyano, hydroxy and methoxy.
R4 and R5 are selected from the following groups: (ii) R4 and R5 are both methoxy group; or (iii) R4 and R5 together form methoxyimino; or (iv) R4 and R5 together with the carbon to which they are attached form 1,3-dioxolanyl or 1,3-dioxanyl.
R4 and R5 are selected from the following groups: (i) one of R4 and R5 is hydrogen and the other one is selected from azido, amino, imidazol-1-yl, 1,2,3-triazol-1-yl, 4-methyl-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl, 4-cyano-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl, 4-hydroxymethyl-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl, 4-cyanomethyl-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl, 4-fluoromethyl-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl, 4-methoxymethyl-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl, 4-chloro-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl, 3-chloro-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl, 4-bromo-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl or 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl; or (ii) R4 and R5 are both methoxy; or (iii) R4 and R5 together form MeO—N═; or (iv) R4 and R5 together with the carbon to which they are attached form 1,3-dioxolanyl, 5-methoxy-1,3-dioxanyl, 5-ethoxy-1,3-dioxanyl, 5-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxanyl, 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxanyl, 5,7-dioxaspiro[2.5]octyl, 5-methylene-1,3-dioxanyl or 1,3-dioxanyl.
R6 is carboxy, C1-4alkanoyl, N—(C1-4alkyl)carbamoyl, C1-4alkoxycarbonyl or C1-4alkenyloxycarbonyl; wherein R6 may be optionally substituted on carbon by one or more R18; wherein R18 is C1-4alkoxy.
R6 is a substituent on carbon and is selected from carboxy, carbamoyl, C1-4alkanoyl, N—(C1-4alkyl)carbamoyl, N—(C1-4alkoxy)carbamoyl, C1-4alkoxycarbonyl, C1-4alkenyloxycarbonyl or carbocyclyl-R16—; wherein R6 may be optionally substituted on carbon by one or more R18;
R16 is —N(R27)C(O)—; wherein R27 is hydrogen; and
R18 is C1-4alkoxy.
R6 is a substituent on carbon and is selected from carboxy, carbamoyl, C1-4alkanoyl, N—(C1-4alkyl)carbamoyl, N—(C1-4alkoxy)carbamoyl, C1-4alkoxycarbonyl, C1-4alkenyloxycarbonyl, carbocyclyl-R16— or heterocyclyl-R17—; wherein R6 may be optionally substituted on carbon by one or more R18; and wherein if said heterocyclyl contains an —NH— moiety that nitrogen may be optionally substituted by a group selected from R19;
R16 and R17 are independently selected from a direct bond and —N(R27)C(O)—; wherein R27 is hydrogen;
R18 is C1-4alkoxy;
R19 is selected from C1-4alkyl; wherein R19 may be independently optionally substituted on carbon by one or more R31; and
R31 is methoxy.
R6 is carboxy, formyl, acetyl, N-(methyl)carbamoyl, N-(ethyl)carbamoyl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl or allyloxycarbonyl; wherein R6 may be optionally substituted on carbon by one or more R18; wherein R18 is methoxy.
R6 is a substituent on carbon and is selected from carboxy, carbamoyl, formyl, acetyl, N-(methyl)carbamoyl, N-(ethyl)carbamoyl, N-(prop-2-yl)carbamoyl, N-(2-methylprop-2-yl)carbamoyl, N-(methoxy)carbamoyl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, 1-propen-3-yloxycarbonyl or cyclopropyl-R16—; wherein R6 may be optionally substituted on carbon by one or more R18;
R16 is —N(R27)C(O)—; wherein R27 is hydrogen; and
R18 is methoxy.
R6 is a substituent on carbon and is selected from carboxy, carbamoyl, formyl, acetyl, N-(methyl)carbamoyl, N-(ethyl)carbamoyl, N-(prop-2-yl)carbamoyl, N-(2-methylprop-2-yl)carbamoyl, N-(methoxy)carbamoyl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, 1-propen-3-yloxycarbonyl, cyclopropyl-R16—, 1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl-R17— or imidazol-2-yl-R17—; wherein R6 may be optionally substituted on carbon by one or more R18; wherein said imidazolyl or triazolyl may be optionally substituted on nitrogen by a group selected from R19;
R16 and R17 are independently selected from a direct bond and —N(R27)C(O)—; wherein
R27 is hydrogen;
R18 is methoxy;
R19 is selected from methyl; wherein R19 may be independently optionally substituted on carbon by one or more R31; and
R31 is methoxy.
R6 is carboxy, formyl, acetyl, N-(methyl)carbamoyl, N-(2-methoxyethyl)carbamoyl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl or allyloxycarbonyl.
R6 is a substituent on carbon and is selected from carboxy, carbamoyl, formyl, acetyl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, N-(methoxy)carbamoyl, N-(2-methoxyethyl)carbamoyl, N-(1,3-dimethoxyprop-2-yl)carbamoyl, N-(cyclopropyl)carbamoyl, N-(1-methoxyprop-2-yl)carbamoyl, N-(1,3-dimethoxy-2-methoxymethylprop-2-yl)carbamoyl, 1-propen-3-yloxycarbonyl or N-(methyl)carbamoyl.
R6 is a substituent on carbon and is selected from carboxy, carbamoyl, formyl, acetyl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, N-(methoxy)carbamoyl, N-(2-methoxyethyl)carbamoyl, N-(1,3-dimethoxyprop-2-yl)carbamoyl, N-(cyclopropyl)carbamoyl, N-(1-methoxyprop-2-yl)carbamoyl, N-(1,3-dimethoxy-2-methoxymethylprop-2-yl)carbamoyl, 1-propen-3-yloxycarbonyl, N-(methyl)carbamoyl, 1-methoxymethylimidazol-2-yl, imidazol-2-yl or 1H-1-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl.
m is 1 or 2; wherein the values of R6 may be the same or different.
m is 1.
m is 2; wherein the values of R6 may be the same or different.
Therefore, in a further aspect of the invention there is provided a compound of formula (I) (as depicted above) wherein:
R1 is C1-4alkyl;
R2 is halo;
R3 is halo;
W is —N(R7)—; where R7 is hydrogen;
Ring A is heterocyclyl;
R4 and R5 are selected from the following groups: (ii) R4 and R5 are independently selected from C1-6alkoxy group; or (iii) R4 and R5 together form R13O—N═; or (iv) R4 and R5 together with the carbon to which they are attached form 3-6 membered heterocyclic ring; wherein R13 is C1-4alkyl;
R6 is carboxy, C1-4alkanoyl, N—(C1-4alkyl)carbamoyl, C1-4alkoxycarbonyl or C1-4alkenyloxycarbonyl; wherein R6 may be optionally substituted on carbon by one or more R18; wherein R18 is C1-4alkoxy;
m is 1 or 2; wherein the values of R6 may be the same or different;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
Therefore, in a further aspect of the invention there is provided a compound of formula (I) (as depicted above) wherein:
R1 is C1-4alkyl;
R2 is halo;
R3 is halo;
W is —N(R7)—; where R7 is hydrogen;
Ring A is thiazolyl, benzothiazolyl or pyridyl;
R4 and R5 are selected from the following groups: (i) one of R4 and R5 is hydrogen and the other one is selected from azido, amino or heterocyclyl; or (ii) R4 and R5 are independently selected from a C1-6alkoxy group; or (iii) R4 and R5 together form R13O—N═; or (iv) R4 and R5 together with the carbon to which they are attached form a 3-6 membered heterocyclic ring wherein said ring may be optionally spiro-fused to a further 3-6 membered carbocyclic ring; wherein R4 and R5 in any of groups (i)-(iv) may be optionally substituted on carbon by one or more R14;
R6 is a substituent on carbon and is selected from carboxy, carbamoyl, N—(C1-4alkyl)carbamoyl, N—(C1-4alkoxy)carbamoyl, C1-4alkoxycarbonyl, C1-4alkenyloxycarbonyl, carbocyclyl-R16— or heterocyclyl-R17—; wherein R6 may be optionally substituted on carbon by one or more R18; and wherein if said heterocyclyl contains an —NH— moiety that nitrogen may be optionally substituted by a group selected from R19;
m is 1 or 2; wherein the values of R6 may be the same or different;
R13 is C1-4alkyl;
R14 is selected from halo, cyano, C1-4alkyl or C1-4alkoxy; or two R14 may together form methylene; wherein R14 and R18 may be independently optionally substituted on carbon by one or more R24;
R16 and R17 are independently selected from a direct bond and —N(R27)C(O)—; wherein R27 is hydrogen;
R18 is C1-4alkoxy;
R19 is selected from C1-4alkyl; wherein R19 may be independently optionally substituted on carbon by one or more R31;
R24 is selected from halo, cyano, hydroxy and methoxy; and
R31 is methoxy;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
Therefore, in a further aspect of the invention there is provided a compound of formula (I) (as depicted above) wherein:
R1 is C1-4alkyl;
R2 is halo;
R3 is halo;
W is —N(R7)—; where R7 is hydrogen;
Ring A is thiazolyl, benzothiazolyl or pyridyl;
R4 and R5 are selected from the following groups: (i) one of R4 and R5 is hydrogen and the other one is selected from azido, amino or heterocyclyl; or (ii) R4 and R5 are independently selected from a C1-6alkoxy group; or (iii) R4 and R5 together form R13O—N═; or (iv) R4 and R5 together with the carbon to which they are attached form a 3-6 membered heterocyclic ring wherein said ring may be optionally spiro-fused to a further 3-6 membered carbocyclic ring; wherein R4 and R5 in any of groups (i)-(iv) may be optionally substituted on carbon by one or more R14;
R6 is a substituent on carbon and is selected from carboxy, carbamoyl, C1-4alkanoyl, N—(C1-4alkyl)carbamoyl, N—(C1-4alkoxy)carbamoyl, C1-4alkoxycarbonyl, C1-4alkenyloxycarbonyl or carbocyclyl-R16—; wherein R6 may be optionally substituted on carbon by one or more R18;
m is 1 or 2; wherein the values of R6 may be the same or different;
R13 is C1-4alkyl;
R14 is selected from halo, cyano, C1-4alkyl or C1-4alkoxy; or two R14 may together form methylene; wherein R14 and R18 may be independently optionally substituted on carbon by one or more R24;
R16 is N(R27)C(O)—; wherein R27 is hydrogen;
R18 is C1-4alkoxy;
R24 is selected from halo, cyano, hydroxy and methoxy;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
Therefore, in a further aspect of the invention there is provided a compound of formula (I) (as depicted above) wherein:
R1 is methyl;
R2 is chloro;
R3 is chloro;
W is —N(R7)—; where R7 is hydrogen;
Ring A is thiazol-2-yl or pyrid-2-yl;
R4 and R5 are selected from the following groups: (ii) R4 and R5 are both methoxy group; or (iii) R4 and R5 together form methoxyimino; or (iv) R4 and R5 together with the carbon to which they are attached form 1,3-dioxolanyl or 1,3-dioxanyl;
R6 is carboxy, formyl, acetyl, N-(methyl)carbamoyl, N-(2-methoxyethyl)carbamoyl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl or allyloxycarbonyl;
m is 1 or 2; wherein the values of R6 may be the same or different;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
Therefore, in a further aspect of the invention there is provided a compound of formula (I) (as depicted above) wherein:
R1 is methyl;
R2 is chloro;
R3 is chloro;
W is —N(R7)—; where R7 is hydrogen;
Ring A is thiazol-2-yl, benzothiazol-2-yl or pyrid-2-yl;
R4 and R5 are selected from the following groups: (i) one of R4 and R5 is hydrogen and the other one is selected from azido, amino, imidazol-1-yl, 1,2,3-triazol-1-yl, 4-methyl-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl, 4-cyano-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl, 4-hydroxymethyl-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl, 4-cyanomethyl-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl, 4-fluoromethyl-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl, 4-methoxymethyl-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl, 4-chloro-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl, 3-chloro-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl, 4-bromo-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl or 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl; or (ii) R4 and R5 are both methoxy; or (iii) R4 and R5 together form MeO—N═; or (iv) R4 and R5 together with the carbon to which they are attached form 1,3-dioxolanyl, 5-methoxy-1,3-dioxanyl, 5-ethoxy-1,3-dioxanyl, 5-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxanyl, 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxanyl, 5,7-dioxaspiro[2.5]octyl, 5-methylene-1,3-dioxanyl or 1,3-dioxanyl;
R6 is a substituent on carbon and is selected from carboxy, carbamoyl, formyl, acetyl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, N-(methoxy)carbamoyl, N-(2-methoxyethyl)carbamoyl, N-(1,3-dimethoxyprop-2-yl)carbamoyl, N-(cyclopropyl)carbamoyl, N-(1-methoxyprop-2-yl)carbamoyl, N-(1,3-dimethoxy-2-methoxymethylprop-2-yl)carbamoyl, 1-propen-3-yloxycarbonyl, N-(methyl)carbamoyl, 1-methoxymethylimidazol-2-yl, imidazol-2-yl or 1H-1-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl.
m is 1 or 2; wherein the values of R6 may be the same or different;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
Therefore, in a further aspect of the invention there is provided a compound of formula (I) (as depicted above) wherein:
R1 is methyl;
R2 is chloro;
R3 is chloro;
W is —N(R7)—; where R7 is hydrogen;
Ring A is thiazol-2-yl, benzothiazol-2-yl or pyrid-2-yl;
R4 and R5 are selected from the following groups: (i) one of R4 and R5 is hydrogen and the other one is selected from azido, amino, imidazol-1-yl, 1,2,3-triazol-1-yl, 4-methyl-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl, 4-cyano-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl, 4-hydroxymethyl-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl, 4-cyanomethyl-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl, 4-fluoromethyl-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl, 4-methoxymethyl-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl, 4-chloro-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl, 3-chloro-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl, 4-bromo-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl or 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl; or (ii) R4 and R5 are both methoxy; or (iii) R4 and R5 together form MeO—N═; or (iv) R4 and R5 together with the carbon to which they are attached form 1,3-dioxolanyl, 5-methoxy-1,3-dioxanyl, 5-ethoxy-1,3-dioxanyl, 5-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxanyl, 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxanyl, 5,7-dioxaspiro[2.5]octyl, 5-methylene-1,3-dioxanyl or 1,3-dioxanyl;
R6 is a substituent on carbon and is selected from carboxy, carbamoyl, formyl, acetyl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, N-(methoxy)carbamoyl, N-(2-methoxyethyl)carbamoyl, N-(1,3-dimethoxyprop-2-yl)carbamoyl, N-(cyclopropyl)carbamoyl, N-(1-methoxyprop-2-yl)carbamoyl, N-(1,3-dimethoxy-2-methoxymethylprop-2-yl)carbamoyl, 1-propen-3-yloxycarbonyl or N-(methyl)carbamoyl;
m is 1 or 2; wherein the values of R6 may be the same or different;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
In a further aspect the present invention provides a process for preparing a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.
Thus, the present invention also provides that the compounds of the formula (I) and pharmaceutically-acceptable salts thereof, can be prepared by a process as follows (wherein the variables are as defined above unless otherwise stated):
Process a) for compounds of formula (I) wherein W is —C(R8)(R9)—; converting a compound of formula (II):
wherein Ra is cyano and Rb is dimethyamino or diethylamino; or Ra and Rb are independently selected from C1-4alkylthio; or Ra and Rb together form 1,3-dithianyl or 1,3-dithiolanyl; into a compound of formula (I); or
Process b) for compounds of formula (I) wherein W is —O—; reacting a compound of formula (III):
with a compound of formula (IV):
or
Process c) for compounds of formula (I) wherein W is —N(R7)—; reacting a compound of formula (V):
with a compound of formula (IV) or an activated acid derivative thereof; or
Process d) for compounds of formula (I) wherein W is —C(R8)(R9)—; reacting a compound of formula (VI):
wherein L is a displaceable group; with a compound of formula (VII):
or
Process e) for compounds of formula (I) wherein W is —C(R8)(R9)—; reacting a compound of formula (VIII):
wherein M is an organometallic group; with a compound of formula (IX):
wherein L is a displaceable group; or
Process f) reacting a compound of formula (X):
with a compound of formula (XI):
wherein D is a displaceable group; or
Process g) for compounds of formulas (I) wherein R4 and R5 together form R11R12N—N═ or R13O—N═, by reacting a compound of formula (I) wherein R4 and R5 together form oxo with an amine of formula R11R12N—NH2 or R13O—NH2; or
Process h) for compounds of formulas (I) wherein R4 and R5 together with the carbon to which they are attached form a heterocyclic ring selected from 1,3-dioxolan-2-yl or 1,3-dioxan-2-yl, by reacting a compound of formula (I) wherein R4 and R5 together form oxo with 1,2-dihydroxyethane or 1,3-dihydroxypropane; and thereafter if necessary or desirable:
i) converting a compound of the formula (I) into another compound of the formula (I);
ii) removing any protecting groups;
iii) forming a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
L is a displaceable group. Suitable values for L include halo, for example chloro and bromo, pentafluorophenoxy and 2,5-oxopyrrolidin-1-yloxy.
D is a displaceable group. Suitable values for D include halo, for example chloro, bromo and iodo, tosylate and mesylate.
M is an organometallic group, suitable values for M include organocuprates, for example CuLi, organozincs, Zn, or a Grignard reagent for example MgG where G is halo for example chloro.
Specific reaction conditions for the above reaction are as follows.
Process a) Compounds of formula (II) may be converted into compounds of formula (I):
(i) where Ra is cyano and Rb is dimethyamino or diethylamino; in the presence of a base for example sodium hydroxide, in a suitable solvent for example aqueous methanol at room temperature.
(ii) wherein or Ra and Rb are independently selected from C1-4alkylthio; or Ra and Rb together form 1,3-dithianyl or 1,3-dithiolanyl; in the presence of a reagent such as a mercury, copper or silver salt for example Hg(ClO4)2, CuCl2 or AgNO3/Ag2O in the presence of a suitable solvent for example methanol, acetone or ethanol from a temperature ranging from room temperature to reflux.
Compounds of formula (II) may be prepared according to Scheme 1:
wherein Pg is a hydroxy protecting group as defined hereinbelow; and D is a displaceable group as defined hereinabove.
Deprotection of hydroxy protecting groups are well known in the art. Examples of such deprotections are given hereinbelow.
FGI stands for Functional Group Interconversion. In the above scheme such conversions between a hydroxy group and a D group are well known in the art and are well within the capabilities of a person skilled in the art.
Compounds of formula (IIa) and (IId) are known in the literature, or they are prepared by standard processes known in the art.
Process b) Compounds of formula (III) and (IV) may be reacted together may be reacted together in the presence of a coupling reagent, for example dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or EDC, in a suitable solvent, for example dichloromethane, THF or diethylether.
Compounds of formula (III) may be prepared according to Scheme 2:
wherein Pg is a hydroxy protecting group as defined hereinbelow.
Deprotection of hydroxy protecting groups are well known in the art. Examples of such deprotections are given hereinbelow.
Compounds of formula (IIIa) and (IV) are commercially available compounds, or they are known in the literature, or they are prepared by standard processes known in the art.
Process c) Compounds of formula (V) and (IV) may be coupled together in the presence of a suitable coupling reagent. Standard peptide coupling reagents known in the art can be employed as suitable coupling reagents, or for example carbonyldiimidazole and dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide, optionally in the presence of a catalyst such as dimethylaminopyridine or 4-pyrrolidinopyridine, optionally in the presence of a base for example triethylamine, pyridine, or 2,6-di-alkyl-pyridines such as 2,6-lutidine or 2,6-di-tert-butylpyridine. Suitable solvents include dimethylacetamide, dichloromethane, benzene, tetrahydrofuran and dimethylformamide. The coupling reaction may conveniently be performed at a temperature in the range of −40 to 40° C.
Suitable activated acid derivatives include acid halides, for example acid chlorides, and active esters, for example pentafluorophenyl esters. The reaction of these types of compounds with amines is well known in the art, for example they may be reacted in the presence of a base, such as those described above, and in a suitable solvent, such as those described above. The reaction may conveniently be performed at a temperature in the range of −40 to 40° C.
Compounds of formula (V) may be prepared according to Scheme 3:
wherein Pg is a amino protecting group as defined hereinbelow. The skilled reader will appreciate that where R7 is hydrogen, this hydrogen also needs protecting by way of a suitable protecting group.
Deprotection of amino protecting groups are well known in the art. Examples of such deprotections are given hereinbelow.
Compounds of formula (Va) are commercially available compounds, or they are known in the literature, or they are prepared by standard processes known in the art.
Process d) Compounds of formula (VI) and (VII) may be reacted in a suitable solvent such a DCM or 1,2-dichloroethane, optionally in the presence of a Lewis acid, for example A1Cl3, from 0° C. to room temperature.
Compounds of formula (VI) may be prepared according to Scheme 4:
wherein RaOC(O) is an ester group.
Suitable values for Ra include C1-6alkyl. Deprotection of the Ra carboxy protecting group may be achieved under standard conditions, for example acid or base hydrolysis, such as those conditions give hereinbelow.
FGI stands for Functional Group Interconversion. In the above scheme such conversions between an acid group and a —C(O)L group are well known in the art and are well within the capabilities of a person skilled in the art.
Compounds of formula (VIa) and (VII) are commercially available compounds, or they are known in the literature, or they are prepared by standard processes known in the art.
Process e) Compounds of formula (VIII) and (IX) may be reacted in a suitable aprotic solvent such as THF or ether, at temperatures in the range of −78° C. to 0° C.
Compounds of formula (VIII) may be prepared from compounds of formula (IIc) under standard conditions known in the art. For example where M is an organocuprous reagent such compounds could be prepared according to Scheme 5:
Compounds of formula (IX) are commercially available compounds, or they are known in the literature, or they are prepared by standard processes known in the art.
Process f) Compounds of formula (X) and (XI) may be reacted in a suitable solvent such as DMF, N-methylpyrrolidinone or dimethylacetamide in the presence of a base such as triethylamine or diisopropylethylamine under thermal conditions or a microwave reactor.
Compounds of formula (X) may be prepared according to Scheme 6:
wherein M is an organometallic group as defined hereinabove.
Compounds of formula (Xa), (Xb) and (XI) are commercially available compounds, or they are known in the literature, or they are prepared by standard processes known in the art.
Process g) a compound of formula (I) wherein R4 and R5 together form oxo may be reacted with an amine of formula R11R12N—NH2 or R13O—NH2 optionally in a protic solvent, for example methanol or ethanol, optionally with a weak base such as sodium acetate at a temperature of room temperature to reflux.
Compounds of formula R11R12N—NH2 or R13O—NH2 are commercially available compounds, or they are known in the literature, or they are prepared by standard processes known in the art.
Process h) a compound of formula (I) wherein R4 and R5 together form oxo may be reacted with 1,2-dihydroxyethane or 1,3-dihydroxypropane in a hydrocarbon solvent, for example toluene, benzene or xylene under Dean-Starke conditions with a catalyst such as toluene sulphonic acid or methane sulphonic acid.
The formation of a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt is within the skill of an ordinary organic chemist using standard techniques.
It will be appreciated that certain of the various ring substituents in the compounds of the present invention may be introduced by standard aromatic substitution reactions or generated by conventional functional group modifications either prior to or immediately following the processes mentioned above, and as such are included in the process aspect of the invention. The reagents used to introduce such ring substituents are either commercially available or are made by processes known in the art.
Introduction of substituents into a ring may convert one compound of the formula (I) into another compound of the formula (I). Such reactions and modifications include, for example, introduction of a substituent by means of an aromatic substitution reaction, reduction of substituents, alkylation of substituents, oxidation of substituents, esterification of substituents, amidation of substituents, formation of heteroaryl rings. The reagents and reaction conditions for such procedures are well known in the chemical art. Particular examples of aromatic substitution reactions include the introduction of alkoxides, diazotization reactions followed by introduction of thiol group, alcohol group, halogen group. Examples of modifications include; oxidation of alkylthio to alkylsulphinyl or alkylsulphonyl.
The skilled organic chemist will be able to use and adapt the information contained and referenced within the above references, and accompanying Examples therein and also the Examples herein, to obtain necessary starting materials, and products. If not commercially available, the necessary starting materials for the procedures such as those described above may be made by procedures which are selected from standard organic chemical techniques, techniques which are analogous to the synthesis of known, structurally similar compounds, or techniques which are analogous to the above described procedure or the procedures described in the examples. It is noted that many of the starting materials for synthetic methods as described above are commercially available and/or widely reported in the scientific literature, or could be made from commercially available compounds using adaptations of processes reported in the scientific literature. The reader is further referred to Advanced Organic Chemistry, 4th Edition, by Jerry March, published by John Wiley & Sons 1992, for general guidance on reaction conditions and reagents.
It will also be appreciated that in some of the reactions mentioned herein it may be necessary/desirable to protect any sensitive groups in compounds. The instances where protection is necessary or desirable are known to those skilled in the art, as are suitable methods for such protection. Conventional protecting groups may be used in accordance with standard practice (for illustration see T. W. Greene, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley and Sons, 1991).
Examples of a suitable protecting group for a hydroxy group is, for example, an acyl group, for example an alkanoyl group such as acetyl, an aroyl group, for example benzoyl, a silyl group such as trimethylsilyl or an arylmethyl group, for example benzyl. The deprotection conditions for the above protecting groups will necessarily vary with the choice of protecting group. Thus, for example, an acyl group such as an alkanoyl or an aroyl group may be removed, for example, by hydrolysis with a suitable base such as an alkali metal hydroxide, for example lithium or sodium hydroxide. Alternatively a silyl group such as trimethylsilyl may be removed, for example, by fluoride or by aqueous acid; or an arylmethyl group such as a benzyl group may be removed, for example, by hydrogenation in the presence of a catalyst such as palladium-on-carbon.
A suitable protecting group for an amino group is, for example, an acyl group, for example an alkanoyl group such as acetyl, an alkoxycarbonyl group, for example a methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl or t-butoxycarbonyl group, an arylmethoxycarbonyl group, for example benzyloxycarbonyl, or an aroyl group, for example benzoyl. The deprotection conditions for the above protecting groups necessarily vary with the choice of protecting group. Thus, for example, an acyl group such as an alkanoyl or alkoxycarbonyl group or an aroyl group may be removed for example, by hydrolysis with a suitable base such as an alkali metal hydroxide, for example lithium or sodium hydroxide. Alternatively an acyl group such as a t-butoxycarbonyl group may be removed, for example, by treatment with a suitable acid as hydrochloric, sulphuric or phosphoric acid or trifluoroacetic acid and an arylmethoxycarbonyl group such as a benzyloxycarbonyl group may be removed, for example, by hydrogenation over a catalyst such as palladium-on-carbon, or by treatment with a Lewis acid for example boron tris(trifluoroacetate). A suitable alternative protecting group for a primary amino group is, for example, a phthaloyl group which may be removed by treatment with an alkylamine, for example dimethylaminopropylamine or 2-hydroxyethylamine, or with hydrazine.
A suitable protecting group for a carboxy group is, for example, an esterifying group, for example a methyl or an ethyl group which may be removed, for example, by hydrolysis with a base such as sodium hydroxide, or for example a t-butyl group which may be removed, for example, by treatment with an acid, for example an organic acid such as trifluoroacetic acid, or for example a benzyl group which may be removed, for example, by hydrogenation over a catalyst such as palladium-on-carbon.
The protecting groups may be removed at any convenient stage in the synthesis using conventional techniques well known in the chemical art, or they may be removed during a later reaction step or work-up.
When an optically active form of a compound of the invention is required, it may be obtained by carrying out one of the above procedures using an optically active starting material (formed, for example, by asymmetric induction of a suitable reaction step), or by resolution of a racemic form of the compound or intermediate using a standard procedure, or by chromatographic separation of diastereoisomers (when produced). Enzymatic techniques may also be useful for the preparation of optically active compounds and/or intermediates.
Similarly, when a pure regioisomer of a compound of the invention is required, it may be obtained by carrying out one of the above procedures using a pure regioisomer as a starting material, or by resolution of a mixture of the regioisomers or intermediates using a standard procedure.
Compounds may be tested for inhibition of GyrB ATPase activity using an ammonium molybdate/malachite green-based phosphate detection assay (Lanzetta, P. A., L. J. Alvarez, P. S. Reinach, and O. A. Candia, 1979, 100: 95-97). Assays can be performed in multiwell plates in 100 μl reactions containing: 50 mM HEPES buffer pH 7.5, 75 mM ammonium acetate, 5.5 mM magnesium chloride, 0.5 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 5% glycerol, 1 mM 1,4-Dithio-DL-threitol, 200 nM bovine serum albumin, 5 μg/ml sheared salmon sperm DNA, 2.5 nM E. coli GyrA, 2.5 nM E. coli GyrB, 250 μM ATP, and compound in dimethylsulfoxide. Reactions can be quenched with 150 μl of ammonium molybdate/malachite green detection reagent containing 1.2 mM malachite green hydrochloride, 8.5 mM ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate, and 1 M hydrochloric acid. Plates can be read in an absorbance plate reader at 650 nm and percent inhibition values may be calculated using dimethylsulfoxide (2%)-containing reactions as 0% inhibition and novobiocin-containing (2 μM) reactions as 100% inhibition controls. Compound potency can be based on IC50 measurements determined from reactions performed in the presence of 10 different compound concentrations.
Compounds may be tested for inhibition of topoisomerase IV ATPase activity as described above for GyrB except the 100 μl reactions may contain the following: 20 mM TRIS buffer pH 8, 50 mM ammonium acetate, 8 mM magnesium chloride, 5% glycerol, 5 mM 1,4-Dithio-DL-threitol, 0.005% Brij-35, 5 μg/ml sheared salmon sperm DNA, 2.5 nM E. coli ParC, 2.5 nM E. coli ParE, 160 μM ATP, and compound in dimethylsulfoxide. Compound potency may be based on IC50 measurements determined from reactions performed in the presence of 10 different compound concentrations. Compounds of the Examples could be expected to have IC50 values of <200 μg/ml in one or both assays described herein above. For Example the following results were obtained in a GyrB ATPase inhibition activity assay substantially similar to the above wherein the figure quoted may be an average of two or more results
Compounds may be tested for antimicrobial activity by susceptibility testing in liquid media. Compounds may be dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide and tested in 10 doubling dilutions in the susceptibility assays. The organisms used in the assay may be grown overnight on suitable agar media and then suspended in a liquid medium appropriate for the growth of the organism. The can be was a 0.5 McFarland and a further 1 in 10 dilution can be made into the same liquid medium to prepare the final organism suspension in 100 pt. Plates can be incubated under appropriate conditions at 37° C. for 24 hrs prior to reading. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) may be determined as the lowest drug concentration able to reduce growth by 80% or more. Example 1 had an MIC of 1 μg/ml against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Other examples are provided in the following table.
According to a further feature of the invention there is provided a compound of the formula (I), or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof for use in a method of treatment of the human or animal body by therapy.
We have found that compounds of the present invention inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV and are therefore of interest for their antibacterial effects. In one aspect of the invention the compounds of the invention inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase and are therefore of interest for their antibacterial effects. In one aspect of the invention the compounds of the invention inhibit topoisomerase IV and are therefore of interest for their antibacterial effects. In one aspect of the invention the compounds of the invention inhibit both DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV and are therefore of interest for their antibacterial effects.
It is expected that the compounds of the present invention will be useful in treating bacterial infections. In one aspect of the invention “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to a gynecological infection. In one aspect of the invention “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to a respiratory tract infection (RTI). In one aspect of the invention “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to a sexually transmitted disease. In one aspect of the invention “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to a urinary tract infection. In one aspect of the invention “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (ACEB). In one aspect of the invention “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to acute otitis media. In one aspect of the invention “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to acute sinusitis. In one aspect of the invention “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by drug resistant bacteria. In one aspect of the invention “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to catheter-related sepsis. In one aspect of the invention “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to chancroid. In one aspect of the invention “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to chlamydia. In one aspect of the invention “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). In one aspect of the invention “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to complicated skin and skin structure infection. In one aspect of the invention “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to uncomplicated skin and skin structure infection. In one aspect of the invention “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to endocarditis. In one aspect of the invention “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to febrile neutropenia. In one aspect of the invention “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to gonococcal cervicitis. In one aspect of the invention “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to gonococcal urethritis. In one aspect of the invention “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP). In one aspect of the invention “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to osteomyelitis. In one aspect of the invention “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to sepsis. In one aspect of the invention “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to syphilis.
In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Acinetobacter baumanii. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Acinetobacter haemolyticus. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Acinetobacter junii. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Acinetobacter johnsonii. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Acinetobacter lwoffi. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Bacteroides bivius. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Bacteroides fragilis. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Burkholderia cepacia. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Campylobacter jejuni. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Chlamydia urealyticus. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Chlamydophila pneumoniae. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Clostridium difficili. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Enterobacter aerogenes. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Enterobacter cloacae. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Enterococcus faecalis. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Enterococcus faecium. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Escherichia coli. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Gardnerella vaginalis. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Haemophilus parainfluenzae. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Haemophilus influenzae. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Helicobacter pylori. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Legionella pneumophila. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Moraxella catarrhalis. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Morganella morganii. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Peptostreptococcus magnus. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Peptostreptococcus micros. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Peptostreptococcus anaerobius. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Peptostreptococcus prevotii. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Peptostreptococcus tetradius. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Peptostreptococcus vaginalis. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Proteus mirabilis. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Quinolone-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Quinolone-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermis. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Salmonella typhi. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Salmonella paratyphi. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Salmonella enteritidis. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Salmonella typhimurium. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Serratia marcescens. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Staphylococcus saprophyticus. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Streptoccocus agalactiae. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Ureaplasma urealyticum. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermis.
In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Acinetobacter spp. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Bacteroides spp. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Burkholderia spp. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Campylobacter spp. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Chlamydia spp. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Chlamydophila spp. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Clostridium spp. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Enterobacter spp. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Enterococcus spp. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Escherichia spp. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Gardnerella spp. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Haemophilus spp. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Helicobacter spp. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Klebsiella spp. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Legionella spp. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Moraxella spp. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Morganella spp. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Mycoplasma spp. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Neisseria spp. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Peptostreptococcus spp. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Proteus spp. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Pseudomonas spp. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Salmonella spp. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Serratia spp. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Staphylococcus spp. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Streptoccocus spp. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Stenotrophomonas spp. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by Ureaplasma spp. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by aerobes. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by obligate anaerobes. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by facultative anaerobes. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by gram-positive bacteria. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by gram-negative bacteria. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by gram-variable bacteria. In one aspect of the invention an “infection” or “bacterial infection” refers to an infection caused by atypical respiratory pathogens.
According to a further feature of the present invention there is provided a method for producing an antibacterial effect in a warm blooded animal, such as man, in need of such treatment, which comprises administering to said animal an effective amount of a compound of the present invention, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.
According to a further feature of the invention there is provided a method for inhibition of bacterial DNA gyrase and/or topoisomerase IV in a warm-blooded animal, such as a human being, in need of such treatment which comprises administering to said animal an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as defined hereinbefore.
According to a further feature of the invention there is provided a method of treating a bacterial infection in a warm-blooded animal, such as a human being, in need of such treatment which comprises administering to said animal an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as defined hereinbefore.
According to a further feature of the invention there is provided a method of treating a bacterial infection selected from a gynecological infection, a respiratory tract infection (RTI), a sexually transmitted disease, a urinary tract infection, acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (ACEB), acute otitis media, acute sinusitis, an infection caused by drug resistant bacteria, catheter-related sepsis, chancroid, chlamydia, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), complicated skin and skin structure infection, uncomplicated skin and skin structure infection, endocarditis, febrile neutropenia, gonococcal cervicitis, gonococcal urethritis, hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), osteomyelitis, sepsis and/or syphilis in a warm-blooded animal, such as a human being, in need of such treatment which comprises administering to said animal an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as defined hereinbefore.
A further feature of the present invention is a compound of formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof for use as a medicament. Suitably the medicament is an antibacterial agent.
According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided the use of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for the production of an anti-bacterial effect in a warm-blooded animal such as a human being.
According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided the use of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for the inhibition of bacterial DNA gyrase and/or topoisomerase IV in a warm-blooded animal such as a human being.
Thus according to a further aspect of the invention there is provided the use of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a bacterial infection in a warm-blooded animal such as a human being.
Thus according to a further aspect of the invention there is provided the use of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a bacterial infection selected from a gynecological infection, a respiratory tract infection (RTI), a sexually transmitted disease, a urinary tract infection, acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (ACEB), acute otitis media, acute sinusitis, an infection caused by drug resistant bacteria, catheter-related sepsis, chancroid, chlamydia, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), complicated skin and skin structure infection, uncomplicated skin and skin structure infection, endocarditis, febrile neutropenia, gonococcal cervicitis, gonococcal urethritis, hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), osteomyelitis, sepsis and/or syphilis in a warm-blooded animal such as a human being.
According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in the production of an anti-bacterial effect in a warm-blooded animal such as a human being.
According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in inhibition of bacterial DNA/gyrase and/or topoisomerase IV in a warm-blooded animal such as a human being.
Thus according to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in the treatment of a bacterial infection in a warm-blooded animal such as a human being.
Thus according to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in the treatment of a bacterial infection selected from a gynecological infection, a respiratory tract infection (RTI), a sexually transmitted disease, a urinary tract infection, acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (ACEB), acute otitis media, acute sinusitis, an infection caused by drug resistant bacteria, catheter-related sepsis, chancroid, chlamydia, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), complicated skin and skin structure infection, uncomplicated skin and skin structure infection, endocarditis, febrile neutropenia, gonococcal cervicitis, gonococcal urethritis, hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), osteomyelitis, sepsis and/or syphilis in a warm-blooded animal such as a human being.
In order to use a compound of the formula (I) or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, (hereinafter in this section relating to pharmaceutical composition “a compound of this invention”) for the therapeutic (including prophylactic) treatment of mammals including humans, in particular in treating infection, it is normally formulated in accordance with standard pharmaceutical practice as a pharmaceutical composition.
Therefore in another aspect the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition that comprises a compound of the formula (I) or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically-acceptable diluent or carrier.
According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a pharmaceutical composition that comprises a compound of formula (I) as defined hereinbefore or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or carrier for use in producing an anti-bacterial effect in an warm-blooded animal, such as a human being.
According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a pharmaceutical composition that comprises a compound of formula (I) as defined hereinbefore or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or carrier for use in inhibition of bacterial DNA gyrase and/or topoisomerase IV in an warm-blooded animal, such as a human being.
According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a pharmaceutical composition that comprises a compound of formula (I) as defined hereinbefore or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or carrier for use in the treatment of a bacterial infection in an warm-blooded animal, such as a human being.
According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a pharmaceutical composition which comprises a compound of formula (I) as defined hereinbefore or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or carrier for use in the treatment of a gynecological infection, a respiratory tract infection (RTI), a sexually transmitted disease, a urinary tract infection, acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (ACEB), acute otitis media, acute sinusitis, an infection caused by drug resistant bacteria, catheter-related sepsis, chancroid, chlamydia, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), complicated skin and skin structure infection, uncomplicated skin and skin structure infection, endocarditis, febrile neutropenia, gonococcal cervicitis, gonococcal urethritis, hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), osteomyelitis, sepsis and/or syphilis in a warm-blooded animal, such as a human being.
The compositions of the invention may be in a form suitable for oral use (for example as tablets, lozenges, hard or soft capsules, aqueous or oily suspensions, emulsions, dispersible powders or granules, syrups or elixirs), for topical use (for example as creams, ointments, gels, or aqueous or oily solutions or suspensions), for administration by inhalation (for example as a finely divided powder or a liquid aerosol), for administration by insufflation (for example as a finely divided powder) or for parenteral administration (for example as a sterile aqueous or oily solution for intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular or intramuscular dosing or as a suppository for rectal dosing).
The compositions of the invention may be obtained by conventional procedures using conventional pharmaceutical excipients, well known in the art. Thus, compositions intended for oral use may contain, for example, one or more colouring, sweetening, flavouring and/or preservative agents.
Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable excipients for a tablet formulation include, for example, inert diluents such as lactose, sodium carbonate, calcium phosphate or calcium carbonate, granulating and disintegrating agents such as corn starch or algenic acid; binding agents such as starch; lubricating agents such as magnesium stearate, stearic acid or talc; preservative agents such as ethyl or propyl p-hydroxybenzoate, and anti-oxidants, such as ascorbic acid. Tablet formulations may be uncoated or coated either to modify their disintegration and the subsequent absorption of the active ingredient within the gastrointestinal tract, or to improve their stability and/or appearance, in either case, using conventional coating agents and procedures well known in the art.
Compositions for oral use may be in the form of hard gelatin capsules in which the active ingredient is mixed with an inert solid diluent, for example, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin, or as soft gelatin capsules in which the active ingredient is mixed with water or an oil such as peanut oil, liquid paraffin, or olive oil.
Aqueous suspensions generally contain the active ingredient in finely powdered form together with one or more suspending agents, such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, sodium alginate, polyvinyl-pyrrolidone, gum tragacanth and gum acacia; dispersing or wetting agents such as lecithin or condensation products of an alkylene oxide with fatty acids (for example polyoxethylene stearate), or condensation products of ethylene oxide with long chain aliphatic alcohols, for example heptadecaethyleneoxycetanol, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and a hexitol such as polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with long chain aliphatic alcohols, for example heptadecaethyleneoxycetanol, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and a hexitol such as polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, for example polyethylene sorbitan monooleate. The aqueous suspensions may also contain one or more preservatives (such as ethyl or propyl p-hydroxybenzoate, anti-oxidants (such as ascorbic acid), colouring agents, flavouring agents, and/or sweetening agents (such as sucrose, saccharine or aspartame).
Oily suspensions may be formulated by suspending the active ingredient in a vegetable oil (such as arachis oil, olive oil, sesame oil or coconut oil) or in a mineral oil (such as liquid paraffin). The oily suspensions may also contain a thickening agent such as beeswax, hard paraffin or cetyl alcohol. Sweetening agents such as those set out above, and flavouring agents may be added to provide a palatable oral preparation. These compositions may be preserved by the addition of an anti-oxidant such as ascorbic acid.
Dispersible powders and granules suitable for preparation of an aqueous suspension by the addition of water generally contain the active ingredient together with a dispersing or wetting agent, suspending agent and one or more preservatives. Suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents are exemplified by those already mentioned above. Additional excipients such as sweetening, flavouring and colouring agents, may also be present.
The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may also be in the form of oil-in-water emulsions. The oily phase may be a vegetable oil, such as olive oil or arachis oil, or a mineral oil, such as for example liquid paraffin or a mixture of any of these. Suitable emulsifying agents may be, for example, naturally-occurring gums such as gum acacia or gum tragacanth, naturally-occurring phosphatides such as soya bean, lecithin, an esters or partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides (for example sorbitan monooleate) and condensation products of the said partial esters with ethylene oxide such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate. The emulsions may also contain sweetening, flavouring and preservative agents.
Syrups and elixirs may be formulated with sweetening agents such as glycerol, propylene glycol, sorbitol, aspartame or sucrose, and may also contain a demulcent, preservative, flavouring and/or colouring agent.
The pharmaceutical compositions may also be in the form of a sterile injectable aqueous or oily suspension, which may be formulated according to known procedures using one or more of the appropriate dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents, which have been mentioned above. A sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally-acceptable diluent or solvent, for example a solution in 1,3-butanediol.
Compositions for administration by inhalation may be in the form of a conventional pressurised aerosol arranged to dispense the active ingredient either as an aerosol containing finely divided solid or liquid droplets. Conventional aerosol propellants such as volatile fluorinated hydrocarbons or hydrocarbons may be used and the aerosol device is conveniently arranged to dispense a metered quantity of active ingredient.
For further information on formulation the reader is referred to Chapter 25.2 in Volume 5 of Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry (Corwin Hansch; Chairman of Editorial Board), Pergamon Press 1990.
The amount of active ingredient that is combined with one or more excipients to produce a single dosage form will necessarily vary depending upon the host treated and the particular route of administration. For example, a formulation intended for oral administration to humans will generally contain, for example, from 0.5 mg to 2 g of active agent compounded with an appropriate and convenient amount of excipients which may vary from about 5 to about 98 percent by weight of the total composition. Dosage unit forms will generally contain about 1 mg to about 500 mg of an active ingredient. For further information on Routes of Administration and Dosage Regimes the reader is referred to Chapter 25.3 in Volume 5 of Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry (Corwin Hansch; Chairman of Editorial Board), Pergamon Press 1990.
In addition to the compounds of the present invention the pharmaceutical composition of this invention may also contain or be co-administered (simultaneously, sequentially or separately) with one or more known drugs selected from other clinically useful antibacterial agents (for example, macrolides, quinolones, β-lactams or aminoglycosides) and/or other anti-infective agents (for example, an antifungal triazole or amphotericin). These may include carbapenems, for example meropenem or imipenem, to broaden the therapeutic effectiveness. Compounds of this invention may also contain or be co-administered with bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) products or efflux pump inhibitors to improve activity against gram negative bacteria and bacteria resistant to antimicrobial agents.
As stated above the size of the dose required for the therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of a particular disease state will necessarily be varied depending on the host treated, the route of administration and the severity of the illness being treated. Preferably a daily dose in the range of 1-50 mg/kg is employed. However the daily dose will necessarily be varied depending upon the host treated, the particular route of administration, and the severity of the illness being treated. Accordingly the optimum dosage may be determined by the practitioner who is treating any particular patient.
In addition to its use in therapeutic medicine, compounds of formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts are also useful as pharmacological tools in the development and standardisation of in-vitro and in-vivo test systems for the evaluation of the effects of inhibitors of DNA gyrase in laboratory animals such as cats, dogs, rabbits, monkeys, rats and mice, as part of the search for new therapeutic agents.
In the above other, pharmaceutical composition, process, method, use and medicament manufacture features, the alternative and particular embodiments of the compounds of the invention described herein also apply.
The compounds of the invention described herein may be applied as a sole therapy or may involve, in addition to a compound of the invention, one or more other substances and/or treatments. Such conjoint treatment may be achieved by way of the simultaneous, sequential or separate administration of the individual components of the treatment. Where the administration is sequential or separate, the delay in administering the second component should not be such as to lose the beneficial effect of the combination. Suitable classes and substances may be selected from one or more of the following:
i) other antibacterial agents for example macrolides e.g. erythromycin, azithromycin or clarithromycin; quinolones e.g. ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin; β-lactams e.g. penicillins e.g. amoxicillin or piperacillin; cephalosporins e.g. ceftriaxone or ceftazidime; carbapenems, e.g. meropenem or imipenem etc; aminoglycosides e.g. gentamicin or tobramycin; or oxazolidinones; and/or
ii) anti-infective agents for example, an antifungal triazole e.g. or amphotericin; and/or
iii) biological protein therapeutics for example antibodies, cytokines, bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) products; and/or
iv) efflux pump inhibitors.
Therefore, in a further aspect of the invention there is provided a compound of the formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a chemotherapeutic agent selected from:
i) one or more additional antibacterial agents; and/or
ii) one or more anti-infective agents; and/or
iii) biological protein therapeutics for example antibodies, cytokines, bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) products; and/or
iv) one or more efflux pump inhibitors.
The invention is now illustrated but not limited by the following Examples in which unless otherwise stated:—
(i) evaporations were carried out by rotary evaporation in-vacuo and work-up procedures were carried out after removal of residual solids by filtration;
(ii) operations were carried out at ambient temperature, that is typically in the range 18-26° C. and without exclusion of air unless otherwise stated, or unless the skilled person would otherwise work under an inert atmosphere;
(iii) column chromatography (by the flash procedure) was used to purify compounds and was performed on Merck Kieselgel silica (Art. 9385) unless otherwise stated;
(iv) yields are given for illustration only and are not necessarily the maximum attainable;
(v) the structure of the end-products of the invention were generally confirmed by NMR and mass spectral techniques [proton magnetic resonance spectra is quoted and was generally determined in DMSO-d6 unless otherwise stated using a Bruker DRX-300 spectrometer operating at a field strength of 300 MHz. Chemical shifts are reported in parts per million downfield from tetramethysilane as an internal standard (8 scale) and peak multiplicities are shown thus: s, singlet; d, doublet; AB or dd, doublet of doublets; dt, doublet of triplets; dm, doublet of multiplets; t, triplet, m, multiplet; br, broad; mass spectral sample data has been collected using a variety of Waters quadrupole mass spectrometer that have been interfaced with Agilent 1100 liquid chromatographs and equipped with SEDEX evaporative light scattering detectors. For ionization, the mass spectrometers have been run in either electrospray ionization (ESI) or atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) with positive (+) ion and negative (−) ion data being collected. Positive ion data generates a (M+H)+response and negative ion data generates a (M−H)− response, and unless otherwise stated, all examples provided are ESI+, reported as the M+H value. Optical rotations were determined at 589 nm at 20° C. using a Perkin Elmer Polarimeter 341, cell pathlength is 10 cm with a 1 mL volume;
(vi) each intermediate was purified to the standard required for the subsequent stage and was characterised in sufficient detail to confirm that the assigned structure was correct; purity was assessed by HPLC, TLC, or NMR and identity was determined by infra-red spectroscopy (IR), mass spectroscopy or NMR spectroscopy as appropriate;
(vii) in which the following abbreviations may be used:—
To a suspension/solution of 3,4-dichloro-N-1,4-dioxa-7-azaspiro[4.5]dec-10-yl-5-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxamide (0.10 g, 0.3 mmol, Intermediate 17) and methyl 2-bromo-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate (0.066 g, 0.3 mmol) in NMP (2 mL) was added DIEA (0.10 mL, 0.60 mmol). After heating in the microwave reactor at 80° for 30 minutes the reaction was complete. The crude reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and then slowly poured into water. After stirring at room temperature for several minutes the resulting precipitate was filtered, washed with water, and dried overnight (0.096 g). MS (ES) (M+H)+: 475 for C18H20Cl2N4O5S; NMR: 1.69 (d, 1H), 1.93 (s, 1H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 3.30-3.42 (m, 4H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.77-3.86 (m, 1H), 3.90-4.02 (m, 2H), 4.02-4.09 (m, 1H), 4.09-4.21 (m, 2H), 4.35-4.48 (m, 1H), 6.95 (d, 1H), 7.83 (s, 1H), 12.17 (s, 1H).
The following Examples were prepared by the procedure described in Example 1 from the starting materials (SM) indicated.
Barium hydroxide (0.080 g, 0.47 mmol) was added to a suspension of methyl 2-(10-{[(3,4-dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}-1,4-dioxa-7-azaspiro[4.5]dec-7-yl)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate (Example 1, 0.074 g, 0.15 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) and water (0.5 mL). After heating at an external temperature of 60° C. for 2 hours, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and diluted with water. After acidifying with 1N HCl, mixture was extracted with EtOAc (×3), which was then dried with MgSO4 and concentrated to a tan solid. MS (ES) (M+H)+: 461 for C17H18Cl2N4O5S; NMR: 1.72 (s, 1H), 1.91 (s, 1H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 3.31-3.43 (m, 4H), 3.80 (d, 1H), 4.00 (d, 2H), 4.06-4.16 (m, 1H), 4.33-4.48 (m, 1H), 6.96 (d, 1H), 7.73 (s, 1H), 12.17 (s, 1H), 12.62 (s, 1H).
The following Examples were prepared by the procedure described in Example 11 from the starting materials (SM) indicated.
To a suspension of 2-(10-{[(3,4-dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}-1,4-dioxa-7-azaspiro[4.5]dec-7-yl)-4-[(methylamino)carbonyl]-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid (0.027 g, 0.052 mmol, Example 13) in 1:1 methanol:water (5 mL) was added aqueous 0.1N sodium hydroxide (0.52 mL, 0.052 mmol). Once the mixture was homogeneous, the reaction was concentrated and dried (0.026 g). MS (ES) (M+H)+: 518 for C19H20Cl2N5O6SNa NMR: 1.70 (s, 1H), 1.86 (s, 1H), 2.14 (s, 3H), 2.68 (d, 3H), 3.06-3.22 (m, 2H), 3.80 (s, 2H), 3.97 (s, 2H), 4.05 (s, 2H), 4.30 (s, 1H), 6.98 (d, 1H), 12.16 (s, 1H), 13.05 (s, 1H).
The following Example was prepared by the procedure described in Example 21 from the starting materials (SM) indicated.
A solution of 82 mg (0.14 mmol) of allyl 2-[(3E)-4-{[(3,4-dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}-3-(methoxyimino)piperidin-1-yl]-4-{[(2-methoxyethyl)amino]carbonyl}-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate (Example 30), 2 mg Pd(OAc)2 (9 μmol), 10 mg (18 μmol) TSP and 34 μL (0.32 mmol) Et2NH in 3 ml CH3CN, 1 mL MeOH and 0.5 mL water was stirred at room temperature for 60 min. Solvent was removed and the residue was taken up in water along with 260 μl, 1N HCl. Extraction twice with EtOAc was followed by washing of the extracts with water and brine. The extracts were dried (MgSO4) and concentrated to give a solid that was triturated with EtOH to afford 31 mg of product. MS (ES) (M+H)+: 547 for C20H24Cl2N6O6S; NMR: 1.81 (m, 1H), 1.94 (m, 1H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 2.41 (m, 1H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.58 (s, 3H), 3.64 (m, 1H), 3.97 (s, 3H), 4.02 (m, 1H), 4.91 (m, 2H), 7.76 (m, 1H), 9.49 (s, 1H), 12.16 (s, 1H), 16.42 (s, 1H). The product also contained some (<5%) of the corresponding (Z) isomer.
The following Examples were prepared by the procedure described in Example 23 from the reagent indicated.
1The product also contained some (<5%) of the corresponding (Z) isomer.
A mixture of 70 mg (0.13 mmol) methyl 2-[(3E)-4-{[(3,4-dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}-3-(methoxyimino)piperidin-1-yl]-4-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate (Example 34) and LiI (100 mg, 0.75 mmol) in 30 ml THF was heated at reflux overnight with a 20 ml Dean-Stark trap removing 20 ml of solvent. Solvent was removed and the residue was dissolved in water. 1N HCl was added to bring the pH to about 5. The mixture was extracted twice with EtOAc, each extract being washed with brine. Drying (MgSO4) and removal of solvent gave a solid that was triturated with MeOH and dried in vacuo to afford 48 mg of product. MS (ES) (M+H)+: 527 for C19H20Cl2N8O4S; NMR: 1.92 (m, 1H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 2.37 (m, 1H), 2.94 (d, 3H), 3.55 (m, 1H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 4.08 (s, 3H), 4.15 (d, 1H), 4.93 (m, 1H), 5.12 (d, 1H), 7.71 (d, 1H), 8.25 (s, 1H), 12.14 (s, 1H). The product also contained some (<5%) of the corresponding (Z) isomer.
The following Examples were prepared by the procedure described in Example 25 from the reagent indicated.
1The product also contained some (<5%) of the corresponding (Z) isomer.
A mixture of 110 mg (0.19 mmol) methyl 2-[(3E)-4-{[(3,4-dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}-3-(methoxyimino)piperidin-1-yl]-4-[1-(methoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate (Example 37) and LiI (100 mg, 0.75 mmol) in 30 ml THF was heated at 85° C. (external temperature) for 2 days. The mixture was diluted in water and 1N HCl was added to bring the pH to about 7. The mixture was extracted twice with EtOAc, each extract being washed with brine. Drying (MgSO4) and removal of solvent was followed by purification by reverse phase HPLC (30-65% CH3CN in H2O gradient with 0.1% TFA) to afford 16 mg of product. MS (ES) (M+H)+: 556 for C21H23Cl2N7O5S; NMR: 1.91 (m, 1H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 2.35 (m, 1H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 3.48 (m, 1H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 4.14 (d, 1H), 4.92 (m, 1H), 5.10 (m, 1H), 6.03 (s, 1H), 7.41 (m, 1H), 7.69 (s, 2H), 12.10 (s, 1H). The product also contained some (<5%) of the corresponding (Z) isomer.
A mixture of 84 mg (0.15 mmol) methyl 2-[(3E)-4-{[(3,4-dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}-3-(methoxyimino)piperidin-1-yl]-4-[1-(methoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate (Example 37) and LiI (80 mg, 0.59 mmol) in 30 ml THF was heated at reflux overnight with a 20 ml Dean-Stark trap removing 20 ml of solvent. Additional (60 mg) LiI was added and the mixture was heated at reflux for 24 hours. The mixture was diluted in water and 1N HCl was added to bring the pH to about 7. The mixture was extracted twice with EtOAc, each extract being washed with brine. Drying (MgSO4) and removal of solvent was followed by purification by reverse phase HPLC (20-75% CH3CN in H2O gradient with 0.1% TFA) to afford 12 mg of product. MS (ES) (M+H)+: 512 for C19H19Cl2N7O4S; NMR: 1.92 (m, 1H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 2.39 (m, 1H), 3.61 (m, 1H), 3.87 (s, 3H), 3.82-4.01 (m, 1H), 4.25 (d, 1H), 4.91 (m, 1H), 5.01 (d, 1H), 7.94 (s, 2H), 7.74 (d, 1H), 12.15 (s, 1H). The product also contained some (<5%) of the corresponding (Z) isomer.
A mixture of 100 mg (0.23 mmol) of 3,4-dichloro-N-[(3E)-3-(methoxy imino)piperidin-4-yl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxamide trifluoroacetate salt (Intermediate 21) 85 mg of allyl 2-chloro-4-{[(2-methoxyethyl)amino]carbonyl}-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate (Intermediate 29) and 50 mg (0.60 mmol) NaHCO3 in 2 mL DMF was heated at 80° C. for 60 min. The mixture was poured into dilute HCl. Solids were filtered, washed with water and dried in vacuo. The solids were chromatographed on silica gel (100% DCM with gradient elution to 100% EtOAc) to afford 95 mg of product as a solid. MS (ES) (M+H)+: 587 for C23H28Cl2N6O6S; NMR: 1.91 (m, 2H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 2.31 (m, 1H), 3.22 (s, 3H), 3.36 (m, 3H), 3.42 (m, 2H), 3.68 (m, 1H), 3.84 (m, 1H), 3.98 (s, 3H), 4.18 (d, 1H), 4.84-5.07 (m, 2 H), 5.23-5.43 (m, 2H), 5.83-5.60 (m, 1H), 7.76 (d, 1H), 8.51 (s, 1H), 12.11 (s, 1H). The product also contained some (<5%) of the corresponding (Z) isomer.
The following Examples were prepared by the procedure described in Example 30 from 3,4-dichloro-N-[(3E)-3-(methoxyimino)piperidin-4-yl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxamide trifluoroacetate salt (Intermediate 21) and the reagent indicated. The products also contained some (<5%) of the corresponding (Z) isomer.
A solution of cis(±)-3,4-dichloro-N-[3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)piperidin-4-yl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxamide dihydrochloride (Intermediate 67, 0.40 g, 0.96 mmol), methyl 2-bromo-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate (0.214 g, 0.96 mmol), DIEA (0.48 ml, 2.9 mmol) and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (3 ml) were heated to 85° C. in a microwave reactor for 45 minutes. The resultant solution was cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was purified by flash chromatography (methanol/DCM gradient, 1-5%) to provide the title compound (0.270 g). MS (ESP) (M+H)+: 483 for C19H20Cl2N6O3S; NMR: 1.98 (m, 2H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 3.60 (m, 1H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.96 (m, 2H), 4.21 (m, 1H), 4.57 (m, 1H), 4.84 (m, 1H), 6.89 (s, 1H), 6.96 (d, 1H), 7.12 (s, 1H), 7.58 (s, 1H), 7.90 (s, 1H), 12.03 (s, 1H).
The following examples were prepared using the general method described for Example 38 from methyl 2-bromo-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate the starting material (SM) indicated.
A solution of cis(±)-3,4-dichloro-N-[3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)piperidin-4-yl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxamide dihydrochloride (Intermediate 67, 0.25 g, 0.60 mmol), ethyl 2-bromo-1,3-benzothiazole-7-carboxylate (prepared as described in WO2006/087543, 0.17 g, 0.60 mmol), DIEA (0.30 ml, 1.8 mmol) and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (2 ml) were heated to 85° C. in a microwave reactor for 45 minutes. The resultant solution was cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was purified by flash chromatography (methanol/DCM gradient, 1-10%) to provide the title compound (0.120 g). MS (ESP) (M+H)+: 547 for C24H24Cl2N6O3S; NMR: 1.36 (t, 3H), 2.00 (m, 2H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 3.65 (m, 1H), 3.98-4.20 (m, 2H), 4.30-4.43 (m, 3H), 4.59 (m, 1H), 4.88 (m, 1H), 6.88 (s, 1H), 6.96 (d, 1H), 7.17 (s, 1H), 7.46 (t, 1H), 7.61 (s, 1H), 7.75 (m, 2H), 12.04 (s, 1H).
The following examples were prepared by sodium hydroxide hydrolysis as described in WO2006087543using the starting material (SM) indicated.
The following compound was prepared by HATU (1 eq) and methoxylamine hydrochloride (1 eq) in DMF and the starting material (SM) indicated by the procedure as described in WO2006/087543.
The following compounds were prepared by HATU (1 eq) in DMF with the starting material(s) (SM) indicated by the procedure as described in WO2006/087543.
A solution of 2-chloro-5-(ethoxycarbonyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (WO2006087543, 0.235 g, 1 mmol), cis(±)3,4-dichloro-5-methyl-N-[3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)piperidin-4-yl]-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxamide dihydrochloride (Intermediate 68, 0.416 g, 1 mmol), DIEA (0.5 ml, 3 mmol) and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (3 ml) were heated to 70° C. with stirring for 3 h. The resultant solution was cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was purified by reversed-phase flash chromatography (water/acetonitrile gradient, 5-95% gradient) to provide the title compound (0.140 g). MS (ESP) (M−H)−: 540 for C20H21Cl2N7O5S.
A mixture of 1 eq of cis(±)ethyl 2-[4-{[(3,4-dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl]-4-({[(1S)-2-methoxy-1-methylethyl]amino}carbonyl)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate (Example 48, 73 mg, 0.12 mmol) and barium hydroxide (61 mg, 0.36 mmol, 3 eq) in 3 ml MeOH and 2 ml water was stirred at room temperature for 8 h. The mixture was acidified to about pH 5 with 1N HCl and extracted 4 times with EtOAc. The EtOAc was concentrated and the residue was purified by reverse phase HPLC (20-40% CH3CN gradient in water with 0.1% TFA) to afford 64 mg of product as a white solid. MS (ESP) (M+H)+: 585 for C22H26Cl2N8O5S; NMR: 1.11 (d, 3H), 1.84 (m, 1 H), 2.10 (s, 3H), 2.08-2.15 (m, 1H), 3.19 (s, 3H), 3.20-3.47 (m, 3H), 3.93-4.20 (m, 3H), 4.39 (m, 1H), 4.63 (m, 1H), 4.98 (m, 1H), 7.20 (m, 1H), 7.94 (s, 1H), 8.49 (s, 1H), 8.87 (d, 1H), 12.00 (s, 1H), 16.30 (s, 1H).
Lithium hydroxide (0.19 mL, 0.39 mmol) was added to a suspension of methyl 2-((3R,6r,11R)-11-{[(3,4-dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}-3-ethoxy-1,5-dioxa-8-azaspiro[5.5]undec-8-yl)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate and methyl 2-43S,6s,11R)-11-{[(3,4-dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}-3-ethoxy-1,5-dioxa-8-azaspiro[5.5]undec-8-yl)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate (1:1) (0.068 g, 0.13 mmol, Example 58) in methanol (3 mL). After heating in the microwave at 100° C. for 30 minutes, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and diluted with water. After acidifying with 1N HCl, the resulting precipitate was filtered, washed with water, and dried overnight to yield a white solid (0.053 g) MS (ES) (M+H)+: 519 for C20H24Cl2N4O6S; NMR: 1.06-1.17 (m, 3H), 1.70 (s, 1H), 1.94 (s, 2H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 3.49 (d, J=4.90 Hz, 6H), 4.07 (s, 3H), 4.41 (s, 2H), 7.74 (s, 1H), 12.18 (s, 1H), 12.65 (s, 1H).
The following examples were prepared by the procedure described in Example 51 from the starting materials (SM) indicated.
To a suspension of methyl 2-(4-{[(3,4-dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}-3,3-dimethoxypiperidin-1-yl)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate (0.15 g, 0.31 mmol, Example 10) in toluene was added 2-ethoxypropane-1,3-diol (0.3 mL) and p-toluenesulfonic acid (0.01 g). After heating at reflux overnight, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature. The crude reaction mixture was washed with sat. sodium bicarbonate (×2), dried with MgSO4 and concentrated to an orange oil. Product was purified by silica gel flash column (gradient elution 25-100% EtOAc/DCM). Pure fractions were combined to give product as a yellow solid which is a mixture of diastereomers (0.068 g). MS (ES) (M+H)+: 533 for C21H26Cl2N4O6S.
The following Examples were prepared by the procedure described in Example 58 from the starting materials (SM) indicated.
1In instances where diastereomers were separated, separation was accomplished by silica gel flash column chromatography (gradient elution 25-100% EtOAc/DCM). The first diastereomer recovered was assigned diastereomer 1 and the second compound recovered was assigned diastereomer 2.
cis(±)N-(3-Azidopiperidin-4-yl)-3,4-dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxamide hydrochloride (Intermediate 73, 724 mg, 22 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (10 ml) and DIEA (1.48 g; 1.9 ml; 11.5 mmol; 5 eq.). Methyl 2-bromo-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate (536 mg; 2.4 mmol; 1.05 eq.) was added and the reaction was heated to 80° C. The displacement was monitored by LC/MS. The reaction was diluted with EtOAc and washed with H2O (×2), brine and dried over Na2SO4. The crude was purified by flash column chromatography (70% EtOAc/hexanes) to give 733 mg of the title compound in 69% yield. LC/MS (ES) (M+H)+: 458 for C16H17Cl2N7O3S; NMR: 1.82 (m, 2H), 2.19 (s, 3H), 3.35 (m, 1H), 3.64 (d, 1H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.95 (d, 1H), 4.24 (m, 3H), 7.23 (d, 1H), 7.86 (s, 1H), 12.18 (s, 1H).
cis(±)Methyl 2-(3-azido-4-{[(3,4-dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}piperidin-1-yl)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate (Example 65, 100 mg) was saponified with 1 eq 1N NaOH according to the procedure described in WO2006/087543. LC/MS (ES) (M+H)+: 444 for C15H15Cl2N7O3S; NMR: 1.82 (m, 2H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 3.38 (m, 1H), 3.64 (d, 1H), 3.92 (d, 1H), 4.24 (m, 3H), 7.23 (d, 1H), 7.79 (s, 1H), 12.14 (s, 1H), 12.71 (s, 1H).
cis(±)Methyl 2-(3-azido-4-{[(3,4-dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}piperidin-1-yl)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate (Example 65, 3 g; 6.5 mol) was dissolved in THF (40 ml) and H2O (10 ml). Resin-bound triphenylphosphine (8.66 g; 13.1 mmol; 2 eq.) was added and the slurry was stirred at 80° C. for 12 hours. The resin was filtered off and the filtrate was concentrated to a solid. No further purification. LC/MS (ES+) (M+H)+: 432, 434 for C16H19Cl2N5O3S.
cis(±)Methyl 2-(3-amino-4-{[(3,4-dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}piperidin-1-yl)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate (Example 67, 100 mg) was saponified with 1 eq 1N NaOH in accordance with the procedure described in WO2006/087543. LC/MS (ES) (M+H)+: 418 for C15H17Cl2N5O3S.
N-[(3S,4R)-3-Azidopiperidin-4-yl]-3,4-dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxamide hydrobromide (Intermediate 92, 69 mg; 0.22 mmol) was dissolved in NMP (2 ml) and DIEA (84 mg; 1100; 0.65 mmol; 3 equiv.). Methyl 2-bromo-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate (53 mg; 0.24 mmol; 1.1 equiv.) was added in as single portion and the reaction was heated to 70° C. Monitored by LC/MS. Dilute the reaction with EtOAc, wash with water (×2) then brine. Dried the organic layer over Na2SO4, filtered ands concentrated. Purified by flash column chromatography. LC/MS (ES) (M+H)+: 458, 460 for C16H17Cl2N7O3S.
The following compounds were prepared in accordance to procedure described above for Example 69 with starting material listed.
3,4-Dichloro-5-methyl-N-[(3S,4R)-3-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)piperidin-4-yl]-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxamide hydrobromide (Intermediate 91, 0.74 mmol) was dissolved in NMP (3 ml) and DIEA (0.3 ml; 234 mg; 1.8 mmol; 2.5 equiv.). 2-Chloro-5-(ethoxycarbonyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (175 mg; 0.74 mmol) was added in as single portion and the reaction was heated to 70° C. Monitored by LC/MS. The reaction was acidified with 2N HCl and the product was precipitated from solution by the addition of water. The solids were filtered and dried under vacuum to yield 157 mg of the title compound. LC/MS (ES+) (M+H)+: 542, 544 for C20H21Cl2N7O5S.
The following examples were synthesized as described for Example 72 using the starting material listed.
2-[(3S,4R)-4-{[(3,4-Dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}-3-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl]-1,3-benzothiazole-7-carboxylic acid (Example 124, 57 mg) was dissolved in anhydrous NMP (2 mL) under an argon atmosphere, followed by the addition of HATU (44 mg) and DIEA (30 μL) and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 40 mins. Ammonia (2.0 M in methanol) (0.42 mL) was added, and the reaction was stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture was then added slowly via pipette to rapidly stirring dilute aqueous NH4Cl (50 mL), cooled to 0° C., filtered and rinsed with deionized water. The crude product was purified by trituration with CH3CN to yield the title compound as a beige solid (19 mg, 33.3%). MS (ES) (M+H)+: 519 for C21H20Cl2N8O2S; NMR: 2.01 (m, 1H), 2.12 (m, 1H), 2.15 (s, 3H), 3.64 (m, 1H), 4.09 (dd, 1H), 4.13 (m, 1 H), 4.42 (dd, 1H), 4.75 (m, 1H), 5.25 (q, 1H), 7.13 (d, 1H), 7.35 (t, 1H), 7.56 (d, 1H), 7.65 (broad s, 1H), 7.69 (s, 1H), 7.71 (d, 1H), 8.11 (d, 1H), 8.23 (broad s, 1H), 12.02 (s, 1H).
2-[(3S,4R)-4-{[(3,4-Dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}-3-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl]-5-(ethoxycarbonyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (Example 72, 60 mg; 0.11 mmol) was added to a pre-mixed solution of HATU (65 mg; 0.17 mmol; 1.5 equiv.) and DIEA (0.1 ml; 78 mg; 0.6 mmol; 5.5 equiv.) in NMP (0.5 ml). The solution was stirred for 30 minutes. Added (2-methoxyethyl)amine (25 mg; 0.33 mmol) in a single portion. Monitored by LC/MS. Diluted with EtOAc and then washed with water. Dried the organic layer over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. LC/MS (ES) (M+H)+: 599, 601 for C23H28Cl2N8O5S.
The following examples were synthesized from Example 83 and the starting material described.
Ethyl 2-[(3S,4R)-4-{[(3,4-dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}-3-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl]-4-{[(2-methoxyethyl)amino]carbonyl}-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate (Example 83, 0.11 mmol) was dissolved in aqueous methanol. Ba(OH)2 was added in a single portion. The reaction was stirred for 30 minutes and monitored by LC/MS. Acidified the reaction to pH=1 with 2N HCl. The product was precipitated from solution by the addition of water. The solids were collected and dried in vacuum to give 36 mg of the title compound. LC/MS (ES+) (M+H)+: 571 for C21H24Cl2N8O5S; NMR: 2.00 (m, 1H), 2.12 (m, 1 H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 3.26 (s, 3H), 3.49 (m, 5H), 4.03 (m, 2H), 4.48 (m, 1H), 4.78 (m, 1H), 5.23 (m, 1H), 7.18 (d, 1H), 7.74 (s, 1H), 8.16 (s. 1H), 9.32 (m, 1H), 12.04 (s, 1H).
The following compounds were prepared as described for Example 100 from the starting material described.
cis(±)Methyl 2-[4-{[(3,4-dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}-3-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl]-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate (Example 126, 18 mg) was dissolved in a mixture of methanol (3 mL) and THF (1 mL), to which was added barium hydroxide (21 mg) as a suspension in water (2 mL). The reaction was stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to remove the THF and methanol, cooled to 0° C., neutralized with 2N HCl, filtered and rinsed with deionized water, yielding the title compound (11 mg, 61.1%). MS (ES) (M+H)+: 470, 472 for C17H17Cl2N7O3S; NMR: 1.97 (m, 1H), 2.14 (m, 1H), 2.15 (s, 3H), 3.57 (m, 1H), 3.95 (m, 1H), 4.00 (dd, 1H), 4.34 (dd, 1H), 4.73 (m, 1H), 5.22 (q, 1H), 7.10 (d, 1H), 7.71 (s, 1H), 7.72 (d, 1H), 8.09 (d, 1H), 12.01 (s, 1H), 12.68 (s, 1H).
2-[(3S,4R)-4-{[(3,4-Dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}-3-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl]-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid (Example 101, 46 mg) was dissolved in anhydrous NMP (2 mL) under an argon atmosphere, followed by the addition of HATU (41 mg) and DIEA (54 μL) and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for forty minutes. Methoxylamine hydrochloride (9 mg) was added, and the reaction was stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture was then added slowly via pipette to rapidly stirring water (40 mL), cooled to 0° C., filtered and rinsed with deionized water. The crude product was purified by supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), yielding the title compound as a beige solid (6 mg, 11.8%). MS (ES) (M+H)+: 499, 501 for C18H20Cl2N8O3S; NMR: 1.97 (m, 1H), 2.11 (m, 1H), 2.15 (s, 3H), 3.55 (m, 1H), 3.64 (s, 3H), 3.92 (m, 1H), 3.98 (dd, 1H), 4.32 (dd, 1H), 4.72 (m, 1H), 5.21 (q, 1H), 7.11 (d, 1H), 7.67 (s, 1H), 7.72 (s, 1H), 8.08 (s, 1H), 11.35 (broad s, 1H), 12.01 (s, 1H).
cis(±)Methyl 2-(3-amino-4-{[(3,4-dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}piperidin-1-yl)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate (Example 67, 125 mg) was dissolved in anhydrous THF (5 mL) under an argon atmosphere. N′-[2,2-dichloro-1-methylethylidene]-4-methylbenzenesulfonohydrazide (130 mg) (prepared according to procedure in Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan (1986), 59(1), 179-83) was added, followed by DIEA (0.18 mL), and the reaction was stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction was diluted with EtOAc (750 mL) and washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (75 mL), brine (50 mL), dried over anhydrous MgSO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was then purified by silica gel chromatography (0.5-5% CH3OH in DCM), and then recrystallized from CH3CN to yield the title compound as a light yellow solid (32 mg, 22.2%). MS (ES) (M+H)+: 498, 500 for C19H21Cl2N7O3S; NMR: 1.95 (m, 1H), 2.09 (m, 1H), 2.15 (s, 3H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 3.56 (m, 1H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 3.97 (dd, 2H), 4.34 (dd, 1H), 4.69 (m, 1H), 5.12 (q, 1H), 7.09 (d, 1H), 7.80 (broad s, 1H), 7.82 (s, 1H), 12.02 (s, 1H).
The title compound was prepared in a manner analogous to (Example 119) starting from cis(±)methyl 2-[4-{[(3,4-dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}-3-(4-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl]-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate (Example 121). MS (ES) (M+H)+: 484, 486 for C18H19Cl2N7O3S; NMR: 1.95 (m, 1H), 2.09 (m, 1H), 2.15 (s, 3 H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 3.54 (m, 1H), 3.95 (dd, 2H), 4.32 (dd, 1H), 4.68 (m, 1H), 5.12 (q, 1H), 7.11 (d, 1H), 7.73 (s, 1H), 7.81 (s, 1H), 12.02 (s, 1H), 12.69 (s, 1H).
3,4-Dichloro-5-methyl-N-[(3S,4R)-3-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)piperidin-4-yl]-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxamide hydrobromide (Intermediate 91), 135 mg) was placed in a microwave vial, followed by ethyl 2-bromobenzothiazole-7-carboxylate (WO 2006/087543 A1), 153 mg), anhydrous NMP (2 mL), and DIEA (0.25 mL). The reaction was heated at 125° C. for 40 minutes on the microwave, then diluted with EtOAc (100 mL) and washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (75 mL), brine (50 mL), dried over anhydrous MgSO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was then purified by silica gel chromatography (0.5-5% CH3OH in DCM), yielding the title compound as a beige solid (0.12 g, 61.5%). MS (ES) (M+H)+: 548, 550 for C23H23Cl2N7O3S; NMR: 1.34 (t, 3H), 2.02 (m, 1H), 2.15 (s, 3H), 2.19 (m, 1H), 3.66 (m, 1H), 4.11 (dd, 1H), 4.16 (m, 1H), 4.37 (q, 2H), 4.42 (m, 1H), 4.76 (m, 1H), 5.26 (q, 1H), 7.11 (d, 1H), 7.42 (t, 1H), 7.67 (dd, 1H), 7.71 (d, 1H), 7.71 (dd, 1H), 8.12 (d, 1H), 12.03 (s, 1H).
Ethyl 2-[(3S,4R)-4-{[(3,4-dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}-3-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl]-1,3-benzothiazole-7-carboxylate (Example 123, 0.1 g) was dissolved in anhydrous CH3OH (4 mL), followed by the addition of barium (II) hydroxide (27 mg) as a suspension in water (2.5 mL) and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for eighteen hours. The reaction was then cooled to 0° C. and neutralized with the dropwise addition of 2N HCl, filtered and rinsed with deionized water. The crude product was then recrystallized from methanol, yielding the title compound as an off-white powder (70 mg, 73.7%). MS (ES) (M+H)+: 520, 522 for C21H19Cl2N7O3S; NMR: 2.02 (m, 1H), 2.14 (m, 1H), 2.15 (s, 3H), 3.66 (m, 1H), 4.11 (dd, 1H), 4.15 (m, 1H), 4.43 (m, 1H), 4.76 (m, 1H), 5.26 (q, 1H), 7.12 (d, 1H), 7.39 (t, 1H), 7.65 (dd, 1H), 7.68 (dd, 1H), 7.71 (d, 1H), 8.11 (d, 1H), 12.02 (s, 1H), 13.50 (broad s, 1H).
2-[(3S,4R)-4-{[(3,4-Dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}-3-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl]-1,3-benzothiazole-7-carboxylic acid (Example 124, 34 mg) was dissolved in anhydrous DMF (3 mL) under an argon atmosphere, followed by the addition of HATU (30 mg) and DIEA (28 μL) and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for forty minutes. Methoxylamine hydrochloride (7 mg) was added, and the reaction was stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture was then diluted with EtOAc (125 mL) and washed with saturated aqueous NH4Cl (75 mL), saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (60 mL), brine (40 mL), dried over anhydrous MgSO4 and concentrate in vacuo. The crude product was purified by silica gel column using 0.5-5% CH3OH in DCM, yielding the title compound as a yellow solid (15 mg, 41.7%). MS (ES) (M+H)+: 549, 551 for C22H21Cl2N8O3S; NMR: 2.02 (m, 1H), 2.14 (m, 1H), 2.15 (s, 3H), 3.65 (m, 1H), 3.72 (s, 3H), 4.06-4.16 (m, 2H), 4.42 (dd, 1H), 4.75 (m, 1H), 5.25 (q, 1H), 7.12 (d, 1H), 7.35 (t, 1H), 7.50 (d, 1H), 7.57 (d, 1H), 7.71 (d, 1H), 8.11 (d, 1H), 12.03 (s, 1H).
cis(±)Methyl 2-(3-azido-4-{[(3,4-dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}piperidin-1-yl)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate (Example 65, 66 mg) was placed under an argon atmosphere, followed by the addition of bicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene, and the reaction was placed in an oil bath preheated to 120° C., and stirred at this temperature for two hours. The mixture was diluted with hexanes (35 mL), filtered and washed with hexanes. The resultant crude product was purified by reverse-phase chromatography, then recrystallized from methanol, yielding the title compound (9 mg, 13%). MS (ES) (M+H)+: 484, 486 for C18H19Cl2N7O3S; NMR: 1.98 (m, 1H), 2.15 (s, 3H), 2.18 (m, 1H), 3.59 (m, 1 H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 3.96-4.04 (m, 2H), 4.35 (dd, 1H), 4.74 (m, 1H), 5.22 (q, 1H), 7.09 (d, 1H), 7.72 (d, 1H), 7.81 (s, 1H), 8.08 (d, 1H), 12.02 (s, 1H).
To a solution of 1-benzyl-4-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3-oxopiperidinium chloride (25.38 g, 85 mmol) in a 1:1 mixture of absolute ethanol and water (300 mL) was added 10% palladium on activated carbon (50% wet with water) (4.0 g). The flask was transferred to a parr shaker where it was evacuated and backfilled with nitrogen several times before evacuating and backfilling with hydrogen. The reaction was run on the parr shaker for two days with positive hydrogen pressure. The crude reaction mixture was bubbled with nitrogen for 20 minutes, then diatomaceous earth was added and the reaction mixture was filtered through diatomaceous earth. After washing through several times with ethanol, solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was taken up in water and cooled to 0° C. A cold solution of potassium carbonate (35.2 g, 255 mmol) in water (10 mL) was added followed by the dropwise addition of methyl chloroformate (16.8 mL, 217 mmol). After stirring at 0° C. for 30 minutes the reaction was warmed to room temperature and stirred for one hour. The reaction mixture was extracted with ether (×3) and the organic extracts were dried with MgSO4 and concentrated to a red oil. Kugelrohr distillation afforded product was a colourless oil which solidified to colourless crystals after several days in the refrigerator (15 g, 77%) MS (ES) (M+H)+: 230 for C10H15NO5; NMR: 1.22 (t, 3H), 2.23 (t, 2H), 3.45 (t, 2H), 3.61 (s, 4H), 4.00 (s, 2H), 4.19 (q, 2H), 11.92 (s, 1H).
To a solution of 4-ethyl 1-methyl 3-oxopiperidine-1,4-dicarboxylate (4.0 g, 17 mmol, Intermediate 1) in benzene (300 mL) was added ethylene glycol (50 mL) and p-toluenesulfonic acid (0.35 g). The reaction was heated to reflux with azeotropic removal of water for 5 days. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was washed with saturated aqueous sodium carbonate and brine, then dried with MgSO4 and concentrated to a colourless oil which was then purified by silica gel flash column (gradient elution 0-50% EtOAc in DCM). Pure fractions were combined to yield product as a colourless oil (3.8 g, 83%). NMR: 1.25-1.32 (m, 3H), 1.63 (s, 1H), 1.92-2.07 (m, 2H), 2.80 (dd, 1H), 3.16-3.31 (m, 2H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 3.82 (dt, 2H), 3.94-4.08 (m, 3H), 4.19 (q, 2H).
The following Intermediate was prepared by the procedure described in Intermediate 2 from the starting materials (SM) indicated.
A solution of 3 g (13 mmol) of 4-ethyl 1-methyl 3-oxopiperidine-1,4-dicarboxylate (Intermediate 1), trimethylorthoformate and 200 mg p-toluenesulfonic acid in 300 mL MeOH was heated at reflux overnight. The solution was diluted with aqueous Na2CO3 and extracted 2 times with EtOAc, which was washed with brine. Drying (MgSO4) and removal of solvent gave 3.4 g of product as an oil. NMR (CDCl3): 1.34 (t, 3H), 1.74 (m, 1H), 1.93 (m, 1H), 3.09 (m, 1H), 3.25 (2s, 6H), 3.32-3.44 (m, 2H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.97 (m, 1H), 4.02-4.38 (m, 3H).
To a suspension of 10-ethyl 7-methyl 1,4-dioxa-7-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,10-dicarboxylate (2.1 g, 10.6 mmol, Intermediate 2) in methanol (50 mL) was added barium hydroxide (3.6 g, 21.2 mmol) and water (10 mL). After stirring at room temperature over the weekend, the solution was acidified with 1N HCl to pH 3 and then saturated with sodium chloride. The aqueous layer was partitioned with EtOAc (×3) and the organic portion was dried with MgSO4 and concentrated to a colourless oil (2.4 g, 93%). NMR: 1.71-1.81 (m, 2H), 2.72 (t, 1H), 3.11 (s, 2H), 3.33 (s, 1H), 3.58 (s, 3H), 3.64 (d, 2H), 3.81-3.96 (m, 3H), 12.24 (s, 1H).
The following Intermediates were prepared by the procedure described in Intermediate from the starting materials (SM) indicated.
Ethyl chloroformate (0.74 mL, 7.8 mmol) and triethylamine (1.2 mL, 8.5 mmol) were added to a cold solution of 7-(methoxycarbonyl)-1,4-dioxa-7-azaspiro[4.5]clecane-10-carboxylic acid (1.75 g, 7.1 mmol, Intermediate 5) in dry acetone (50 mL) at 0° C. After stirring at 0° C. for one hour, a solution of sodium azide (1.2 g, 18 mmol) in water (20 mL) was added. The reaction was then stirred for an additional 1.5 hours at 0° C. and then overnight at room temperature. Acetone was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was extracted with toluene (×3), which was, in turn, dried with MgSO4 and concentrated by heating to reflux with a dean stark trap. Once the volume was ˜100 mL, benzyl alcohol (1.1 mL, 10.6 mmol) was added and the reaction was heated to reflux overnight. After cooling to room temperature, solvent was removed and the residue was diluted with DCM and then washed with 1N HCl (×3), dried with MgSO4 and concentrated to a yellow oil. Purification by silica gel flash column (gradient elution 0-30% EtOAc in DCM) followed by concentrating pure fractions yielded product as a white solid (1.08 g, 43%). NMR: 1.91 (s, 1H), 2.72 (s, 2H), 2.86 (s, 1 H), 3.69 (s, 3H), 3.93-4.08 (m, 4H), 4.13 (s, 1H), 4.89 (s, 1H), 5.11 (s, 2H), 7.30-7.39 (m, 5H).
The following Examples were prepared by the procedure described in Intermediate 8 from the starting materials (SM) indicated.
To a solution of methyl 10-{[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]amino}-1,4-dioxa-7-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate (1.08 g, 3 mmol, Intermediate 8) in absolute ethanol (100 mL) was added 10% activated palladium on carbon (50% wet with water)(0.30 g). The flask was evacuated and backfilled with nitrogen several times then evacuated and equipped with a balloon filled with hydrogen gas. After stirring at room temperature under hydrogen atmosphere, the balloon was removed and the reaction mixture was bubbled with nitrogen gas for 20 minutes. The crude reaction mixture was filtered through diatomaceous earth and solvent was evaporated to obtain a white solid (0.72 g). NMR: 1.27-1.42 (m, 1H), 1.68 (ddd, 1H), 1.77 (s, 1H), 2.77 (dd, 2H), 2.99 (s, 1H), 3.54-3.59 (m, 3H), 3.69 (s, 2H), 3.71 (d, 1H), 3.81 (d, 1H), 3.84-4.00 (m, 4H).
The following Intermediates were prepared by the procedure described in Intermediate 11 from the starting materials (SM) indicated.
A solution of 3,4-dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid (0.45 g, 2.3 mmol, Motekaitis, R. J.; Heinert, D. H.; Martell, Arthur E. J. Org. Chem. 35(8), 2504 (1970)), methyl 10-amino-1,4-dioxa-7-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate (0.50 g, 2.3 mmol, Intermediate 11), HOBt (0.31 g, 2.3 mmol) and NMM (0.99 mL, 8.1 mmol) in DCM (100 mL) was stirred at room temperature for one hour, after which EDC (0.79 g, 4.1 mmol) was added. After stirring at room temperature for 12 hours, the crude reaction mixture was washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (×2), 1N HCl (×2), water (×2), and brine (×1). The organic portion was then dried with MgSO4 and concentrated to a tan solid. Trituration with ether yielded a white solid (0.59 g, 66%). MS (ES) (M+H)+: 392 for C15H19Cl2N3O5; NMR: 1.53 (dd, J=12.43, 4.14 Hz, 1H), 1.79-1.91 (m, 1H), 2.15-2.20 (m, 3H), 2.85 (s, 1H), 2.95 (s, 1H), 3.57-3.61 (m, 3H), 3.73-3.82 (m, 1H), 3.84-3.98 (m, 3H), 3.99-4.08 (m, 1H), 4.16 (s, 1H), 4.22-4.33 (m, 1H), 6.91 (d, J=8.85 Hz, 1H), 12.16 (s, 1H).
The following Intermediates were prepared by the procedure described in Intermediate 14 from the starting materials (SM) indicated.
Barium hydroxide (0.48 g, 2.8 mmol) was added to a suspension of methyl 10-{[(3,4-dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}-1,4-dioxa-7-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate (0.55 g, 1.4 mmol, Intermediate 14) in methanol (8 mL) and water (2 mL). After heating in the microwave at 130° C. for two hours the reaction was cooled to room temperature and diluted with methanol. The suspension was filtered to remove insoluble barium salts. The filtrate was concentrated and the resulting residue was partitioned with EtOAc and water. The organic portion was dried with MgSO4 and concentrated (0.40 g, 87%). MS (ES) (M+H)+: 334 for C13H17Cl2N3O3; NMR: 1.48 (td, 1H), 1.81 (dd, 1H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 2.39 (d, 1H), 2.83 (d, 2H), 3.34 (s, 1H), 3.71-3.78 (m, 1H), 3.86-3.97 (m, 2H), 4.08-4.17 (m, 2H), 6.91 (d, 1H), 12.15 (s, 1H).
The following Intermediates were prepared by the procedure described in Intermediate 17 from the starting materials (SM) indicated.
2,6-Lutidine (0.95 mL, 8.2 mmol) was added to a cold solution of ethyl 2-chloro-4-(chlorocarbonyl)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate (2.08 g, 8.2 mmol) in anhydrous DCM (5 mL) followed by the dropwise addition of methoxyethylamine (0.71 mL, 8.2 mmol). The reaction was stirred at 0° C. for one hour and then overnight at room temperature. After removing solvent, the residue was partitioned with EtOAc and water, after which the organic portion was dried with MgSO4 and concentrated to a brown oil (2.04 g, 85%). MS (ES) (M+H)+: 293 for C10H13ClN2O4S; NMR: 1.26 (t, 3H), 3.26 (s, 3H), 3.32-3.46 (m, 4H), 4.27 (q, 2H), 8.71 (s, 1H).
A solution of 2.65 gm (6.3 mmol) of tert-butyl (3L)-4-{[(3,4-dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}-3-(methoxyimino)piperidine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate 22) in 30 mL TFA and 30 ml dichloroethane was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. Solvent was removed to give a solid that was triturated with Et2O and dried in vacuo to afford 2.5 gm of product. MS (ES) (M+H)+: 341 for C12H16Cl2N4O2; NMR: 1.88 (m, 1H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 2.43 (m, 1H), 3.12-3.69 (m, 1H), 3.33 (m, 1H), 3.78 (d, 1H), 3.94 (s, 3H), 4.45 (d, 1H), 4.96 (m, 1H), 7.74 (d, 1H), 8.91 (s, broad, 2H), 12.23 (s, 1H). The product also contained some (<5%) of the corresponding (Z) isomer.
A solution of 2.3 g (8.5 mmol) 3,4-dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid (Motekaitis, R. J.; Heinert, D. H.; Martell, Arthur E. J. Org. Chem. 35(8), 2504 (1970)), 2.3 g (8.5 mmol) tert-butyl (3E)-4-amino-3-(methoxyimino)piperidine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate 23), 1.13 g (8.5 mmol) HOBt, 3.2 g (16.2 mmol) EDC and 1.85 mL (16.2 mmol) NMM in 20 mL DCM was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with 1N HCl, water, aqueous Na2CO3, water and brine. Drying (MgSO4) and removal of solvent gave a solid that was triturated with methanol to give 2.4 g of product as a white solid. MS (ES) (M+Na)+: 441 for C17H24Cl2N4O4; NMR: 1.48 (s, 9H), 1.64 (m, 1H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 2.25 (m, 1H), 3.22 (m, 1H), 3.63-3.71 (d of m, 1H), 3.82 (s and m, 4H), 4.73 (m, 1H), 5.04 (d, 1H), 7.61 (d, 1H), 12.17 (s, 1H). The product also contained some (<5%) of the corresponding (Z) isomer.
A solution of 4.6 g (19 mmol) of tert-butyl (3E)-3-(methoxyimino)-4-oxopiperidine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate 24), 14.6 g (190 mmol) ammonium acetate and 1.2 g (19 mmol) NaBH3CN in 50 ml MeOH was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was acidified with 1N HCl, and methanol was removed to afford an aqueous residue that was extracted with EtOAc. The EtOAc was washed twice more with 1N HCl, and the combined aqueous washings were made basic with solid Na2CO3 before being extracted 3 times with DCM. The DCM extracts were washed with brine, dried (MgSO4) and concentrated to give 2.3 g of product as an oil. NMR (CDCl3): 1.56 (s, 9H), 1.64 (m, 3H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 2.69 (m, 1H), 3.28 (m, 1H), 3.67 (m, 1H), 3.97 (s, 3H), 4.74 (d, 1H), 5.01 (d, 1H), 7.61 (d, 1H), 12.18 (s, 1H). The product also contained some (<5%) of the corresponding (Z) isomer.
A solution of 5.85 g (20.3 mmol) of tert-butyl (3E)-4,4-dimethoxy-3-(methoxyimino)piperidine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate 25) and 10 drops methanesulfonic acid in 40 mL acetone was heated at reflux for 40 min. The solution was treated with aqueous NaHCO3 and extracted twice with EtOAc. The EtOAc washed with brine, dried (MgSO4) and concentrated to give 4.6 g of product as an oil. NMR (CDCl3): 1.59 (s, 9H), 2.79 (t, 2H), 3.82 (t, 2H), 4.18 (s, 3H), 4.53 (s, 2H). The product also contained some (<5%) of the corresponding (Z) isomer.
A solution of 5.0 g (19 mmol) of tert-butyl 4,4-dimethoxy-3-oxopiperidine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate 26), 2.4 g (29 mmol) methoxylamine hydrochloride and 2.8 g sodium acetate in 50 mL MeOH was heated at reflux for 2 hours. The solution was diluted with water and extracted 3 times with EtOAc. The EtOAc was washed with brine, dried (MgSO4) and concentrated to give 5.85 g of product as an oil. NMR (CDCl3): 1.45 (s, 9H), 3.25 (s, 6H), 3.67 (m, 2H), 4.02 (s, 3H), 4.32 (s, 2H). The product also contained some (<5%) of the corresponding (Z) isomer.
Dry DMSO (3.2 mL, 45 mmol) was added dropwise to a solution of 11 mL (22 mmol) of 2N oxalyl chloride in DCM diluted with 30 mL DCM and cooled in a dry-ice acetone bath. After 5 min stirring, a solution of 5.0 g (19 mmol) of tert-butyl 3-hydroxy-4,4-dimethoxypiperidine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate 27) in 25 mL DCM was added dropwise. After stirring 20 min, 13 mL Et3N was added, and the mixture was warmed to room temperature. The mixture was diluted with DCM and washed with water. The water layer was extracted 3 times more with DCM, and the combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried (MgSO4) and concentrated. The residue was taken up in Et2O and insoluble solids were filtered and rinsed well with additional Et2O. The filtrated was concentrated to give 5.0 g of product as an oil. NMR (CDCl3): 1.45 (s, 9H), 2.11 (t, 2H), 3.33 (s, 6H), 3.78 (m, 2H), 4.12 (s, 2H).
A solution of 21.3 g (380 mmol) KOH in 100 mL dry MeOH was cooled in an ice water bath before 17.6 g (88 mmol) of tert-butyl 4-oxopiperidine-1-carboxylate was added portionwise. The mixture was stirred 20 min before 42.9 g (133 mmol) of iodobenzene diacetate was added portionwise and the mixture was allowed to warm to warm to room temperature with stirring overnight. Solvent was removed, and the residue was partitioned between water and EtOAc. The aqueous layer was saturated with NaCl and the EtOAc was separated. The aqueous layer was extracted 3 times more with EtOAc, and the combined EtOAc layers were dried (MgSO4) and concentrated. Chromatography on silica gel (100% DCM with gradient elution to 100% EtOAc) afforded 21.3 g of product as a white solid. NMR (CDCl3): 1.58 (s, 9H), 1.73-1.92 (m, 2H), 2.00 (s, broad, 1H), 2.91 (m, 1H), 2.05-2.34 (m, 2H), 3.25 (2s, 6H), 3.75 (m, 1H), 3.82-4.16 (m, 2H).
A solution of 794 mg (2.2 mmol) allyl 2-chloro-4-{[(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)amino]carbonyl}-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate (Intermediate 32) in 20 ml TFA was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was diluted with 1,2-dichloroethane and solvent was removed. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel (100% DCM with gradient elution to 10% MeOH in DCM) to afford 350 mg of product. NMR: 4.84 (d, 2H), 5.33 (d, 1H), 5.42 (d, 1H), 5.88-6.13 (m, 1H), 7.91 (s, 1H), 8.12 (s, 1H).
A solution of 0.5 g (1.6 mmol) of 5-[(allyloxy)carbonyl]-2-chloro-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid (Intermediate 33) in 20 mL SOCl2 was heated at reflux for 20 min. Solvent was removed and the residue was diluted with DCM and solvent was again removed and the residual oil was placed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in DCM and cooled in an ice water bath before 190 μL (1.6 mmol) 2,6-lutidine and 140 μL (1.6 mmol) 2-methoxyethylamine were added sequentially. The solution was warmed to room temperature and stirred overnight before being diluted with EtOAc and washed twice with aqueous Na2CO3, once with 1N HCl and once with brine. Drying (MgSO4) and removal of solvent gave an oil that was chromatographed on silica gel (100% DCM with gradient elution to 40% EtOAc in DCM) to afford 245 mg of product as an oil. MS (ES) (M+Na)+: 329 for C11H13ClN2O4S; NMR: 3.48 (s, 3H), 3.55 (m, 2H), 3.77 (m, 2H), 4.86 (d, 2H), 5.33-5.52 (m, 2H), 5.88-6.16 (m, 1H), 7.81 (s, broad, 1H).
The following Intermediates were prepared by the procedure described in Intermediate 29 using the reagents indicated.
A solution of 3 mL H2SO4 and 12 mL water were cooled in an ice water bath, and 1.9 g (19 mmol) CrO3 was added portionwise. The solution was added dropwise to a solution of 2.23 g (9.5 mmol) of allyl-2-chloro-4-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate (Intermediate 36), and the mixture was stirred 3.5 hours with warming to room temperature. Isopropanol (2 mL) was added and stirring was continued for 10 min. The solution was diluted with water, saturated with NaCl and extracted 3 times with EtOAc. The EtOAc was washed with brine, dried (MgSO4) and concentrated to give 2.2 g of an oil that slowly solidified. NMR: 5.43 (m, 2H), 6.01 (m, 1H), 14.21 (s, broad, 1H).
The following Intermediates were prepared by the procedure described in Intermediate 33 using the reagents indicated.
t-Butylnitrite (4.2 mL, 31.5 mmol) was added slowly to a mixture of 4.5 g (21 mmol) of allyl 2-amino-4-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate (Intermediate 40) and 4.2 g (31.5 mmol) CuCl2 in 60 mL CH3CN at room temperature. After stirring for 60 min, aqueous NaHSO3 was added, and stirring was continued for 10 min. The mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and aqueous serine. The EtOAc was separated and washed with brine. The aqueous layer was extracted again with EtOAc, which was washed with brine. Drying (MgSO4) of the combined EtOAc layers and removal of solvent gave an oil that was taken up in MeOH. Insoluble material was filtered off and rinsed with additional MeOH. The filtrate was concentrated and chromatographed on silica gel (100% DCM with gradient elution to 20% EtOAc in DCM) to afford 2.2 g of product as an oil. NMR (CDCl3): 3.52 (t, 1H), 4.88 (d, 2H), 4.95 (d, 2H), 5.34-5.41 (m, 2H), 6.01 (m, 1H).
Using the procedure of Intermediate 36, isopropy 2-amino-4-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate (Intermediate 42) was converted to the title compound. NMR: 1.31 (d, 6H), 4.75 (d, 2H), 5.11 (septet, 1H), 5.43 (t, 1H).
A mixture of 47 g (160 mmol) of methyl 2-amino-4-({[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate (Intermediate 39) and 32.8 g (230 mmol) CuCl2 in 600 mL CH3CN was cooled in an ice water bath before adding 29.9 mL (230 mmol) t-butylnitrite dropwise. After warming to room temperature and stirring 2 hours, solvent was removed and the residue was partitioned between 1N HCl and EtOAc with vigorous stirring overnight. The EtOAc was separated and washed with brine. The combined aqueous layers were saturated with NaCl and extracted 3 times with EtOAc, each extract being washed with additional brine. The combined EtOAc layers were dried (MgSO4) and concentrated to afford an oil that slowly solidified in vacuo affording 31.6 g of product. NMR: 3.82 (s, 3H), 4.76 (s, 2H), 5.44 (s, 1H).
t-Butyldimethylsilyl chloride (26 g, 0.17 mol) was added to a solution of 30 g (0.16 mol) of methy 2-amino-4-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate (Intermediate 41) and 21.4 g (0.31 mol) imidazole in 200 mL DMF. After stirring 2 hours, solvent was removed and the residue was taken up in 500 mL water. Solids were collected by filtration, washed well with additional water and dried in vacuo affording 47 g of product. MS (ES) (M+H)+: 303 for C12H22N2O3SSi; NMR: 0.03 (s, 6H), 0.92 (s, 9H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 4.86 (s, 2H), 7.83 (s, 2H).
A solution of 10 g (74 mmol) of 3-chlorofuran-2,4(3H,5H)-dione and 8.5 g (110 mmol) thiourea in 50 mL allyl alcohol was heated at 80° C. overnight. Solvent was removed and the residue was dissolved in water. The solution was treated with aqueous Na2CO3 precipitating solids. The solids were filtered, washed with water and dried in vacuo to afford 4.6 g of product as a white solid. NMR: 4.69 (d, 2H), 4.65 (d, 2H), 4.92 (t, 1H), 5.24-5.42 (m, 2H), 5.81-6.17 (m, 1H), 7.89 (s, 2H).
The following Intermediates were prepared by the procedure described in Intermediate using the solvent indicated.
A solution of 3.9 g (56.5 mmol) NaNO2 in 50 ml water was added dropwise to a solution of 4.64 g (19.6 mmol) of methyl 2-amino-4-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate (Intermediate 46) in 50 ml AcOH and 50 ml conc. HCl cooled in an ice water bath. After stirring 1 hour, 1.7 g urea dissolved in water was added dropwise. After stirring 1 hour, solvent was removed and the residue was portioned between EtOAc and aqueous NaHCO3. The EtOAc was separated and washed with brine. Drying (MgSO4) and removal of solvent gave 4.3 g of product as a solid. MS (ES) (M+H)+: 259 for C8H7ClNO2S; NMR: 3.86 (s, 3H), 3.93 (s, 3H), 8.03 (s, 1H).
The following Intermediate was prepared by the procedure described in Intermediate 43 using the reagent indicated.
t-Butylnitrite (7.4 ml, 55.8 mmol) was added dropwise to a mixture of 10 g (37.3 mmol) methyl 2-amino-4-[1-(methoxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate (Intermediate 48) and 7.5 g CuCl2 in 300 ml CH3CN cooled in an ice water bath. After stirring 2 hours, solvent was removed and the residue was taken up in water and basified with aqueous Na2CO3. Serine (6 g) was added and the mixture was filtered through diatomaceous earth, rinsing through with water and MeOH. The MeOH was removed and the aqueous residue was saturated with NaCl and extracted 4 times with EtOAc. The EtOAc extracts were washed with brine, dried (MgSO4) and concentrated to afford an oil that was chromatographed on silica gel (50% DCM in EtOAc followed by gradient elution to 100% EtOAc) to give product as a solid: NMR: 3.19 (s, 3H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 5.35 (s, 2H), 7.21 (s, 2 H).
N-iodosuccinimide (6.6 g, 29 mmol) was added to a mixture of 5.33 g (29 mmol) methyl 3-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)-3-oxopropanoate (Intermediate 49) and 5 g Amberlyst-15 resin in 50 ml EtOAc followed by stirring for 1 hour at room temperature. The resin was filtered off and rinsed with EtOAc. Solvent was removed from the filtrate and the residue was taken up in ethyl ether. Insoluble material was filtered off and rinsed with additional ether. Solvent was removed from the filtrate and the residue was dissolved in 60 ml MeOH before adding 3.44 g (45 mmol) thiourea. The mixture was heated at reflux for 1 hour. Solids precipitated on cooling. The solids were collected, washed with MeOH and dried in vacuo to give 2.1 g of product. Solvent was removed from the filtrate and the residue was taken up in water. Insoluble material was collected by filtration and rinsed well with water. The solids were dried in vacuo affording 2.1 g of additional product: MS (ES) (M+H)+: 240 for C8H9N5O2S; NMR: 3.62 (s, 3H), 3.67 (s, 3H), 7.03 (s, 1H), 8.13 (s, 2H).
The following Intermediates were synthesized by an analogous method to Intermediate 46 from the starting materials (SM) given in the table below.
NaH (7.84 g, 196 mmol of a 60% dispersion in oil) was added portionwise to a solution of 6.18 g (34.5 mmol) of 1-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)ethanone (Ohta, S.; Kawasaki, I.; Fukuno, A.; Yamashita, M.; Tada, T.; Kawabata, T. Chem. Pharm. Bull. (1993), 41(7), 1226-31) in 100 ml dimethylcarbonate. The mixture was heated to 90° C. for 2 hour forming a thick slurry. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was slowly transferred to 1N HCl over ice. The pH of the mixture was brought to about 7 with NaHCO3 before being saturated with NaCl and extracted 4 times with EtOAc. The EtOAc was dried (MgSO4) and concentrated to give an oil that was chromatographed on silica gel (100% DCM followed by gradient elution to 50% EtOAc in DCM). Product (5.3 g) was obtained as an oil. NMR: 3.77 (s, 3H), 4.10 (s, 2H), 4.22 (s, 3H), 7.88 (s, 1H).
The following Intermediates were synthesized by an analogous method to Intermediate 49 from the starting materials (SM) given in the table below.
A solution of 28 ml (70 mmol) of 2.5 M n-butyllithium in hexanes was added slowly to a solution of 8.2 g (65 mmol) 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1H-imidazole (WO 2003055876 A1) in 100 ml THF cooled in a dry ice-acetone bath. After stirring 1 hour, 7.5 ml (70 mmol) of N-methoxy-N-methylacetamide was added quickly, and the solution stirred for 40 min before being quenched with aqueous NH4Cl. After warming to room temperature, the mixture was diluted with water and extracted 3 times with EtOAc, which was washed with brine, dried (MgSO4) and concentrated to give 10.4 g of an oil that was used in subsequent steps without further purification. MS (ES) (M+H)+: 169 for C8H12CN2O2; NMR (CDCl3): 2.71 (s, 3H), 3.31 (s, 3H), 3.72 (m, 2H), 4.62 (m, 2H), 7.14 (s, 1H), 7.22 (s, 1H).
The following Intermediate was synthesized by an analogous method to Intermediate 52 from the starting materials (SM) given in the table below
A mixture of 2-fluoroisonicotinic acid and 16 ml trisopropylorthoformate in 100 ml toluene was heated at reflux for 2 h. The mixture as stirred with 1N HCl for 30 min before being partitioned between EtOAc and water. The EtOAc was separated, washed with water and brine, dried (MgSO4) and concentrated. Chromatographed on silica gel (100% hexanes with gradient elution to 100% DCM to give product as an oil. NMR (CDCl3): 1.43 (d, 6H), 5.39 (septet, 3H), 7.52 (m, 1H), 7.78 (m, 1H), 8.35 (d, 1H).
Chlorotrimethylsilane (5.6 ml, 44 mmol) was added slowly to a solution of tert-butyl 4-oxopiperidine-1-carboxylate (8 g, 40 mmol), triethylamine (12.3 ml, 88 mmol) and DMF (40 ml) at room temperature. The resultant solution was heated to 75° C. and stirred overnight under nitrogen. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and then in an ice bath. Cold hexane (250 ml) was added slowly to the reaction mixture followed by cold (saturated) aqueous sodium bicarbonate (50 ml). The organic phase was separated and washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude silyl enolether was dissolved in THF (15 ml) and cooled to 0° C. N-Bromosuccinimide (7.1 g, 40 mmol) was dissolved in THF (120 ml) and was added slowly (45 min.) to the reaction mixture. The resultant mixture was allowed to slowly warm to room temperature and stirred overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was purified by flash chromatography (hexanes/EtOAc, 5:1) to provide the title compound as a white solid (11 g). MS (ESP): 222.1 (M-t-Bu) for C10H16BrNO3; NMR: 1.25 (s, 9H), 2.30 (m, 1H), 2.55 (m, 1H), 3.42-3.80 (m, 3H), 3.93 (m, 1H), 4.60 (m, 1H).
A solution of tert-butyl 3-bromo-4-oxopiperidine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate 55, 0.50 g, 1.8 mmol), imidazole (0.14 g, 2 mmol), potassium carbonate (0.25 g, 1.8 mmol) and DMF (3 ml) was warmed to 50° C. and stirred for 4 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and diluted with EtOAc (50 ml). The resultant mixture was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was purified by flash chromatography (methanol/DCM gradient, 0-10%) to provide the title compound as a white solid (0.27 g). MS (ESP) (M−H)−: 264.2 for C13H19N3O3; NMR (CDCl3): 1.41 (s, 9H), 2.50 (m, 2H), 2.55 (m, 1H), 3.14-3.33 (m, 2H), 4.50 (m, 1H), 4.79 (dd, 1H), 6.80 (s, 1H), 6.98 (s, 1H), 7.39 (s, 1 H).
The following intermediates were prepared using the general method described for Intermediate 56 from tert-butyl 3-bromo-4-oxopiperidine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate 55) and the starting material (SM) indicated.
Sodium triacetoxyborohydride (1.44 g, 6.80 mmol) was added in portions (one third of the total amount every hour over 2 h) to a stirred mixture of tent-butyl 3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-4-oxopiperidine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate 56, 1.2 g, 4.52 mmol), benzylamine (0.50 g, 4.75 mmol), and THF (10 ml) at room temperature. The resultant mixture was stirred for 18 h. The reaction was quenched by slow addition of water (5 ml) and the mixture was diluted with EtOAc (150 ml) and aqueous sodium bicarbonate (saturated solution). The organic layer was separated, washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was purified by flash chromatography (methanol/DCM gradient, 2-5%) to provide the title compound (0.89 g). MS (ESP) (M+H)+: 357 for C20H28N4O2; NMR (CDCl3): 1.46 (s, 9H), 1.70 (m, 1H), 1.85 (m, 1H), 3.05 (m, 1H), 3.28 (m, 1H), 3.50 (m, 1H), 3.72 (ABq, 2H), 3.87 (m, 1H), 4.13 (m, 1H), 4.32 (m, 1H), 5.40 (br s, 1H), 7.10 (m, 2H), 7.20-7.36 (m, 5H), 7.76 (s, 1H).
The following intermediate was prepared using the general method described for Intermediate 59 from benzylamine and the starting material (SM) indicated.
A solution of cis(±)tert-butyl 4-(benzylamino)-3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate 59, 0.89 g, 2.5 mmol), ammonium formate (0.63 g, 10 mmol), palladium on carbon (10%, 1.5 g, cat.) and methanol (12 ml) was warmed to 45° C. and stirred for 3 h (evolution of carbon dioxide). The mixture was warmed to 50° C. and stirred overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered through diatomaceous earth to remove the palladium catalyst and the diatomaceous earth pad was washed with methanol (50 ml). The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to provide the crude amine (0.71 g). The amine was used in the next step without further purification. MS (ESP) (M+H)+: 267 for C13H22N4O2l.
The following intermediate was prepared using the general method described for Intermediate 61 from the starting material (SM) indicated.
To a stirred solution of tert-butyl 3-(3-chloro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-4-oxopiperidine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate 58, 1.28 g, 4.2 mmol) and ammonium trifluoroacetate (5.5 g, 42 mmol) in THF (10 mL), at room temperature under N2, was added sodium triacetoxyborohydride (1.35 g, 6.4 mmol) as a solid, in two portions over twenty minutes. The mixture was stirred under these conditions for approx. 2 hours. Complete conversion was indicated after this time by thin layer chromatography (1:1 EtOAc:hexane). The reaction mixture was poured into an aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate (approx. 20 mL) and diluted with 35 mL EtOAc. The mixture was shaken, and the organic layer was separated. The aqueous layer was back-extracted twice with 45-mL portions of 3.5:1 THF:EtOAc. The organic layers were combined, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting off-white solid was taken forward without purification. MS (ES) (M+H)+: 302 for C12H20ClN5O2.
To a stirred solution of 3,4-dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid (described previously in WO 2005026149 A1, 0.434 g, 2.24 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added triethylamine (0.69 ml, 4.90 mmol) followed by the addition of HATU (0.851 g, 2.24 mmol) at room temperature. The resultant solution was stirred for 0.5 h and cis(±)tert-butyl 4-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate 61, 0.700 g, 2.24 mmol) was added to the mixture. The reaction was allowed to stir overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated and the residue was partitioned between water and EtOAc. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc two more times. The organic extracts were combined and washed with saturated NaHCO3 solution followed by water and brine. It was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was purified by flash chromatography (methanol/DCM gradient, 2-10%) to provide the title compound (0.70 g). MS (ESP) (M+H)+: 442 for C19H25Cl2N5O3; NMR: 1.40 (br. s, 9H), 1.80 (m, 2H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 3.10 (m, 1H), 3.66-3.90 (m, 2H), 3.96 (m, 1H), 4.50 (m, 1H), 4.70 (m, 1H), 6.97 (d, 1H), 7.13 (s, 1H), 7.24 (s, 1H), 7.97 (s, 1H), 12.01 (s, 1H).
The following intermediates were prepared using the general method described for Intermediate 64 from 3,4-dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid and the starting material (SM) indicated.
A solution of 4 M hydrochloric acid in dioxane (4 ml, 16 mmol) was added to a solution of cis(±)tert-butyl-4-{[(3,4-dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}-3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate 64, 0.697 g, 1.58 mmol) in dioxane (1 ml) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred for 4 h and then concentrated under reduced pressure to yield the crude amine salt (600 mg). The amine was used in the next step without further purification. MS (ESP) (M+H)+: 342 for C14H7Cl2N5O.
The following intermediates were prepared using the general method described for Intermediate 67 from the starting material (SM) indicated.
trans(±)tert-Butyl-4-[(diphenylmethylene)amino]-3-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate
trans(±)tert-Butyl-4-amino-3-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate (Tetrahedron Lett, 2002, 4289, 11.9 g; 55 mmol) and benzophenone imine (10 g; 59 mmol; 1.05 eq.) were dissolved in anhydrous toluene and heated to reflux for 18 hrs. Monitored the reaction by TLC (30% EtOAc/hexanes with 0.1% triethylamine). The crude reaction was concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography. Isolation gave 18.4 g of the title compound in an 86% yield. LC/MS (ES+) (M+H)+: 381 for C23H28N2O3.
In a flame-dried flask triphenylphosphine (3.86 g; 14.7 mmol; 2 eq.) was dissolved in anhydrous THF (15 ml) and cooled to 0° C. DIAD (2.97 g; 14.7 mmol; 2 eq.) was slowly added dropwise. Upon addition a white precipitate formed. A THF solution containing trans(±)tert-butyl-4-[(diphenylmethylene)amino]-3-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate 70, 2.8 g; 7.36 mmol) was added (amount of THF added was such that the final concentration of alcohol was ca. 0.5-1M). The resultant reaction slurry was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes. (PhO)2PON3 (4.05 g; 14.7 mmol; 2 eq.) was then added and the reaction was allowed to warm to RT and stirred for 12 hrs. Monitored by LC/MS. The reaction was concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography (0-30% EtOAc/hexanes with 0.1% triethylamine). Isolation gave 2.13 g of the title compound in 71% yield. LC/MS (ES) (M+H)+: 406 for C23H27N5O2.
cis(±)tert-Butyl-3-azido-4-[(diphenylmethylene)amino]piperidine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate 71, 1.36 g; 3.3 mmol) was dissolved in 10 ml of aqueous THF (5% H2O). Pyridinium p-toluene sulphonate (850 mg; 3.4 mmol; 1.03 eq.) was added in a single portion. The initial cloudy solution became clear within minutes. Upon completion (as determined by LC/MS analysis) the reaction was concentrated and azeotropically dried with acetonitrile. No further purification.
Crude cis(±)tert-butyl-4-amino-3-azidopiperidine-1-carboxylate (3.3 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous DCM (10 ml) and DIEA (1.27 g; 1.6 ml; 9.9 mmol; 3 eq.). The solution was cooled to 0° C. and 3,4-dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carbonyl chloride (736 mg; 3.5 mmol; 1.05 eq.) was added. The reaction was complete within 30 minutes. Dilute with DCM and wash with H2O (×2), brine and dried over Na2SO4. Filter and concentrate. Purify by flash column chromatography (0-60% EtOAc/hexanes). Isolation gave 967 mg in 69% yield over the two-step sequence. LC/MS (ES−)[(M−H)−]: 415, 417 for C16H22Cl2N6O3.
cis(±)tert-Butyl-3-azido-4-{[(3,4-dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}piperidine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate 72, 967 mg; 2.3 mmol) was dissolved in 4N HCl in dioxanes (20 ml) and methanol (10 ml). The solution was stirred for 2 hours and monitored by LC/MS. Upon completion the solvent was removed and the crude reaction mixture was azeotroped with methanol to remove excess HCl. No further purification. LC/MS (ES+) (M+H)+: 317, 319 for C11H14Cl2N6O.
trans(±)Benzyl-4-azido-3-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate (Tetrahedron Lett., 2002, 4289-4293, 23 grams; 83.2 mmol) and triphenyl phosphine (24 grams; 91.5 mmol; 1.1 equiv.) were combined and dissolved in anhydrous THF (100 ml). The reaction solution was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. A white precipitate formed upon stirring. Monitored the progress of the reaction by TLC—loss of starting material (1:1 EtOAc/Hex). The THF was removed by rotary evaporation. The crude reaction mixture was dissolved in methanol (100 ml) and 0.5 N NaOH (100 ml). The suspension was stirred at room temperature overnight. Monitored the hydrolysis by TLC (90:10:1 CHCl3/MeOH/NH4O H). The methanol was removed by rotary evaporation. Diluted the crude reaction mixture with water and extracted with chloroform. The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. Purified by flash column chromatography. Isolation gave 15.5 grams of the title compound in a 75% yield. LC/MS (ES+) (M+H)+: 251 for C13H18N2O3.
The enantiomers were separated by chiral column chromatography. Column: AD 250×4.6 mm, 10 microns. Eluent: 50% hexanes, 50% 1:1 ethanol-methanol, 0.1% diethyl amine. Flow: 1 ml/min. Separation gave 6.5 grams of benzyl (3R,4R)-4-amino-3-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate and 6.8 grams of benzyl (3S,45)-4-amino-3-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate. LC/MS (ES) (M+H)+: 251 for C13H18N2O3; NMR (d4-MeOD): 1.35 (m, 1H), 1.82 (m, 1H), 2.64 (m, 2H), 2.83 (m, 1H), 3.11 (m, 1H), 4.00 (m, 2H), 5.12 (s, 2H), 7.34 (m, 5H).
Benzyl (3R,4R)-4-amino-3-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate 74, 6.5 grams; 25.9 mmol) and benzophenone imine 5.1 grams; 27.3 mmol; 1.05 equiv.) were combined and dissolved in anhydrous toluene (50 ml). Heated to reflux for 12 hours. Monitored the reaction by TLC (30% EtOAc/Hex). Concentrated the reaction to an oil and purified by flash column chromatography (10%-40% EtOAc/hex with 0.1% DIEA). Isolation gave 10 grams of the title compound as a white foam. LC/MS (ES) (M+H)+: 415 for C26H26N2O3; NMR (CDCl3): 1.54 (m, 1H), 1.73 (m, 1H), 2.26 (m, 1H), 2.85 (m, 2H), 3.35 (m, 1H), 3.86 (m, 1H), 4.03 (m, 1H), 4.24 (m, 1H), 5.12 (s, 2H), 7.18-7.68 (m, 15H).
Triphenyl phosphine (3.5 grams; 13.5 mmol; 2 equiv.) was dissolved in anhydrous THF (25 ml). The solution was cooled to 0° C. A THF solution containing diisopropyldiazodicarboxylate (2.7 grams; 13.5 mmol; 2 equiv.) was added dropwise. A white precipitate formed upon addition. After stirring for 30 minutes at 0° C., benzyl (3R,4R)-4-[(diphenylmethylene)amino]-3-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate 76, 2.8 grams; 6.7 mmol) was added in a single portion. Stirred for an additional 2 hours. Diphenylphosphoryl azide (3.7 grams; 13.5 mmol; 2 equiv.) was then added dropwise. The resultant slurry was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 12 hours. Monitored the reaction by TLC (30% EtOAc/Hex) and LC/MS. Concentrated the reaction to an oil and purified by flash column chromatography. Isolation gave 1.28 grams of the title compound in a 50% yield. LC/MS (ES+) (M+H)+: 440 for C26H25N5O2; NMR (CDCl3): 1.52 (m, 1H), 1.91 (m, 1H), 3.34 (m, 1H), 3.54 (m, 2H), 3.85 (m, 2H), 4.06 (m, 1H), 5.17 (s, 2H), 7.25-7.72 (m, 15H).
Benzyl (3S,4R)-3-azido-4-[(diphenylmethylene)amino]piperidine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate 77, 1.28 grams; 2.9 mmol) and PPTS (804 mg; 3.2 mmol; 1.1 equiv.) were combined in THF and water. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 12 hours. Monitored by TLC (30% EtOAc/Hex)—loss of starting material and formation of benzophenone. The reaction was concentrated and azeotropically dried with acetonitrile. No further purification. LC/MS (ES) (M+H)+: 276 for C13H17N5O2.
3,4-Dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid (622 mg; 3.2 mmol; 1.1 equiv.) and HATU (1.44 grams; 3.8 mmol; 1.3 equiv.) were dissolved in DMF (10 ml) and DIEA (1.1 grams; 8.7 mmol; 3 equiv.). The solution was stirred for 30 minutes. The crude benzyl (3S,4R)-4-amino-3-azidopiperidine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate 78, 2.9 mmol) was then added in a single portion. Monitored the reaction by LC/MS and TLC (50% EtOAc/Hex)-ninhydrin stain. Diluted the reaction with EtOAc and washed with water (×2), then brine. Dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to an oil. The compound was purified by flash column chromatography (20%-50% EtOAc/Hex). Isolation gave 914 mg of the title compound in a 70% yield. LC/MS (ES) (M+H)+: 451, 453 for C19H20Cl2N6O3; NMR: 1.64 (m, 2H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 2.95 (m, 1H), 3.23 (m, 1H), 4.00 (m, 4H), 5.14 (s, 2H), 7.18 (d, 1H), 7.31 (m, 5H), 12.12 (s, 1H).
Benzyl (3S,4R)-3-azido-4-{[(3,4-dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2yl)carbonyl]amino}piperidine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate 79, 300 mg; 0.66 mmol) was dissolved in NMP (1 ml) and 1,4 dioxane (1 ml). Bicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene (2 ml) was then added and the resultant reaction solution was heated in the microwave at 120° C. for 30 minutes. Monitored by LC/MS. Diluted with EtOAc and washed with water (×2). Dried the organic layer over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated the reaction mixture to an oil. The crude mixture was clean by LC/MS and NMR. No further purification. LC/MS (ES) (M+H)+: 477, 479 for C21H22Cl2N6O3.
Benzyl (3S,4R)-3-azido-4-{[(3,4-dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2yl)carbonyl]amino}piperidine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate 79, 300 mg; 0.66 mmol) was dissolved in 1,4 dioxane (3 ml). 1-Chloroethylenesulfonyl chloride (500 mg; 3.1 mmol; 4.7 equiv.) was then added and the resultant reaction solution was heated to 90° C. for 12 hours. Monitored by LC/MS. The dioxane was removed by rotary evaporation and the resultant reaction mixture was taken up in EtOAc. Washed with water (×2). Dried the organic layer over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to a solid. Purified by flash column chromatography (50%-100% EtOAc/Hex). LC/MS (ES+) (M+H)+: 511, 513 for C21H21Cl3N6O3; NMR: 1.82 (m, 1H), 2.16 (s, 3H), 2.19 (m, 1H), 3.27 (m, 1H), 3.76 (m, 1H), 4.07 (m, 1H), 4.18 (m, 1H), 4.65 (m, 1H), 4.93 (m, 3H), 7.19 (d, 1H), 7.34 (m, 5H), 8.34 (s, 1H), 12.02 (s, 1H).
Benzyl(3S,4R)-3-azido-4-{[(3,4-dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2yl)carbonyl]amino}piperidine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate 79, 200 mg; 0.44 mmol) was dissolved in 1,4 dioxane (4 ml). 1-Bromoethylenesulfonyl chloride (364 mg; 1.8 mmol; 4 equiv.) was then added and the resultant reaction solution was heated to 90° C. for 12 hours. Monitored by LC/MS. The dioxane was removed by rotary evaporation and the resultant reaction mixture was taken up in EtOAc. Washed with 10% NaHCO3. Dried the organic layer over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to a solid. Purified by flash column chromatography (10%-100% EtOAc/Hex). Isolation gave 200 mg's of the title compound in 81% yield. LC/MS (ES+) (M+H)+: 555, 557, 559 for C21H21BrCl2N6O3.
Benzyl (3S,4R)-3-azido-4-{[(3,4-dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2yl)carbonyl]amino}piperidine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate 79, 300 mg; 0.66 mmol) was dissolved in chloroacrylonitrile (3 ml) and acetonitrile (3 ml). The resultant reaction solution was heated to 90° C. for 48 hours. Monitored by LC/MS. The acetonitrile was removed by rotary evaporation and the resultant reaction mixture was taken up in EtOAc. Washed with water (×2). Dried the organic layer over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to a solid. Purified by flash column chromatography (50%-100% EtOAc/Hex). LC/MS (ES) (M+H)+: 502, 504 for C22H21Cl2N7O3; NMR (CDCl3): 2.05 (m, 2H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 3.29 (m, 1H), 3.69 (m, 1H), 4.28 (m, 1H), 4.74 (m, 2H), 5.13 (m, 3H), 7.28 (m, 6H), 8.21 (m, 1H), 9.90 (m, 1H).
(3S,4R)-tent-Butyl-3-azido-4-{[(3,4-dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}piperidine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate 103, 300 mg; 0.72 mmol) and triphenyl phosphine (208 mg; 0.79 mmol; 1.1 equiv.) were combined and dissolved in THF (3 ml). The solution was stirred at room temperature overnight. Monitored the loss of starting material by LC/MS and TLC (70% EtOAc/Hex). The solvent was removed by rotary evaporation and dissolved in methanol (5 ml) and 0.5 N NaOH (2 ml). The slurry was warmed gently to obtain a homogeneous solution. Stir overnight. The methanol was removed under vacuum. The crude reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with chloroform. The organic phase was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. No further purification. LC/MS (ES) (M+H)+: 391, 393 for C16H24Cl2N4O3.
tert-Butyl (3S,4R)-3-amino-4-{[(3,4-dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}piperidine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate 84, 0.72 mmol) was dissolved in chloroform and DIEA (272 mg; 2.16 mmol; 3 equiv.). N-[(1E)-2,2-Dichloro-1-methylethylidene]-4-methylbenzenesulfonohydrazide (234 mg; 0.79 mmol; 1.1 equiv.) was added in a single portion. Monitored the reaction by LC/MS. Reaction was complete in 2 hours. Diluted with chloroform, washed with water and dried organic layer over Na2SO4. The product was purified by flash column chromatography (0-100% EtOAc/Hex). Isolation gave 258 mg of the title compound in a 78% yield. LC/MS (ES) (M+H)+: 457, 459 for C19H26Cl2N6O3.
Benzyl (3S,4R)-3-azido-4-{[(3,4-dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}piperidine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate 79, 1 mmol) was dissolved in a 1:1 mixture of t-butanol and water (7 ml total). Propargyl alcohol (450 mg; 1 mmol; 1 equiv.) and sodium ascorbate (110 mg; 2 mmol; 2 equiv.) were added in a single portion. Copper sulfate (5.4 mg) was then added and the resultant reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. Monitored the reaction by LC/MS and TLC (9:1 EtOAc/hex). The solvent was removed by rotary evaporation and diluted with EtOAc. Washed with sat. NH4Cl, brine, dried over Na2SO4 and filtered. The crude reaction mixture was concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography (20-100% EtOAc/Hex). Isolation gave 370 mg of the title compound in 73% yield. LC/MS (ES+) (M+H)+: 507, 509 for C22H24Cl2N6O4.
Benzyl (3S,4R)-4-{[(3,4-dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}-3-[4-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl]piperidine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate 86, 100 mg; 0.2 mmol) was dissolved in a 2:1 mixture of DCM/pyridine (1 ml). A DCM solution (1 ml) containing diphenyl phosphorochloridate (0.04 ml) was added at 0° C. The reaction was stirred at 5° C. for 4 hours and then quenched with phosphate buffer (pH=7). Diluted with EtOAc, washed with water and dried over Na2SO4. Filtered and concentrated to an oil. Purified by flash column chromatography 70% EtOAc/hexanes. Isolation gave 80 mg of the title compound in 55% yield. LC/MS (ES+) (M+H)+: 739, 741 for C34H33Cl2N6O7P.
Benzyl (3S,4R)-4-{[(3,4-dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}-3-(4-{[(diphenoxyphosphoryl)oxy]methyl}-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate 87, 220 mg; 0.3 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous DMF (3 ml). NaCN (71 mg; 1.4 mmol; 4.8 equiv.) was added in a single portion. The reaction mixture was heated to 60° C. for 4 hours and monitored by LC/MS. The reaction was diluted with EtOAc and washed with buffer (pH=7), brine and then dried over Na2SO4. Filter and concentrated to a solid residue. Purified by flash column chromatography to give 103 mg of the title compound in 68% yield. LC/MS (ES) (M+H)+: 516, 518 for C23H23Cl2N7O3.
Benzyl (3S,4R)-4-{[(3,4-dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}-3-[4-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl]piperidine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate 86, 64 mg; 0.13 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous DCM (1 ml) and cooled to −78° C. DAST (21 mg; 1.05 equiv.) was added dropwise. The reaction was warmed to 0° C. and stirred for 1 hour. Monitored the reaction by LC/MS. More DAST (63 mg; 3 equiv.) was added to drive the reaction to completion. Quenched the reaction with sat. NaHCO3. The phases were separated and the organic was dried over Na2SO4. The product was purified by flash column chromatography 80% EtOAc/hexanes. Isolation gave 17 mg of the title compound in 26% yield. LC/MS (ES+) (M+H)+: 509, 511 for C22H23Cl2FN6O3.
Benzyl (3S,4R)-4-{[(3,4-dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}-3-[4-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl]piperidine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate 86, 200 mg; 0.4 mmol) was added to a suspension of NaH (78 mg; 2 mmol; 5 equiv.) in THF. MeI (56 mg; 1 equiv.) was added and the reaction was allowed to stir overnight. Quenched with water and extracted with DCM. The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. Purified by flash column chromatography (70% EtOAc/hexanes) to give 85 mg of the title compound in 41% yield. LC/MS (ES+) (M+H)+: 521, 523 for C23H26Cl2N6O4.
Benzyl (3S,4R)-4-{[(3,4-dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}-3-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate 80, 0.66 mmol) was dissolved in HBr/HOAc (2 ml). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The acid was removed by rotary evaporation. The solid residue was azeotroped with methanol (×5). No further purification. LC/MS (ES+) (M+H)+: 343, 345 for C13H16Cl2N6O.
The following compounds were prepared according to the procedure described above for Intermediate 91 with the starting material shown.
Benzyl (3S,4R)-3-(4-cyano-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-4-{[(3,4-dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}piperidine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate 83, 71 mg; 0.14 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (2 ml) and Et3N (14 μl; 0.7 equiv.). To the mixture was added Et3SiH (90 μl; 3 equiv.) followed by PdCl2 (4 mg; 0.3 equiv.). The evolution of gases was observed. The reaction mixture was heated to reflux for 1.5 hours. Monitored the reaction by LC/MS. Quenched with sat. NH4Cl. Diluted with EtOAc and washed with water then brine. Dried the organic layer over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to dryness. No further purification. Isolation gave 67.8 mg of the crude reaction product. LC/MS (ES+) (M+H)+: 368, 370 for C14H15Cl2N7O.
Benzyl (3S,4R)-3-[4-(cyanomethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl]-4-{[(3,4-dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)carbonyl]amino}piperidine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate 88, 100 mg; 0.19 mmol) was dissolved in methanol. The pressure vessel was charged with Pd—C and H2 (50 psi). The reaction mixture was agitated for several days. Stopped the reaction at 60% completion and work-up in the usual manner. Pd—C was filtered off through a pad a diatomaceous earth. The mother liquor was concentrated to dryness. No further purification. Isolation gave 95 mg's of the crude title compound. LC/MS (ES+) (M+H)+: 382, 384 for C15H17Cl2N7O.
In a sealed hydrogenation flask, purged with nitrogen, benzyl (3R,4R)-4-amino-3-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate 74; 3 grams; 12 mmol) was dissolved in 50 ml of ethanol. Glacial acetic acid (1.4 ml; 24 mmol; 2 equiv.) and palladium on carbon (10 wt %; 100 mg) were added in a single portion. The flask was evacuated and back filled with hydrogen (50 psi). The slurry was agitated at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction was complete as judged by TLC (90:10:1 CHCl3/methanol/NH4OH). The palladium was filtered off through a pad of diatomaceous earth and the resultant mother liquor was concentrated to an oil. No further purification.
Crude (3R,4R)-4-aminopiperidin-3-ol (12 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (50 ml), methanol (10 ml) and DIEA (2.3 grams; 3 ml; 18 mmol; 3 equiv.). Boc-OSu (1-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)oxy]pyrrolidine-2,5-dione) (2.7 grams; 12.6 mmol; 1.05 equiv.) was added in a single portion. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours and monitored by TLC (90:10:1 CHCl3/methanol/NH4OH). The reaction mixture was concentrated to an oil.
Crude tert-butyl (3R,4R)-4-amino-3-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate (2.6 g; 12 mmol) and benzophenone imine (2.24 g; 12 mmol; 1.0 eq.) were dissolved in anhydrous toluene and heated to reflux for 18 hrs. Monitored the reaction by TLC (30% EtOAc/hexanes with 0.1% triethylamine). The crude reaction was concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography. Isolation gave 2.8 g of the title compound in an overall 62% yield from Intermediate 74. LC/MS (ES) (M+H)+: 381 for C23H28N2O3.
In a flame-dried flask triphenylphosphine (3.44 g; 13.1 mmol; 2 eq.) was dissolved in anhydrous THF (15 ml) and cooled to 0° C. DIAD (2.64 g; 13.1 mmol; 2 eq.) was slowly added dropwise. Upon addition a white precipitate formed. A THF solution containing tert-butyl (3R,4R)-4-[(diphenylmethylene)amino]-3-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate 101) (2.5 g; 6.5 mmol) was added (amount of THF added was such that the final concentration of alcohol was ca. 0.5-1M). The resultant reaction slurry was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes. (PhO)2PON3 (3.06 g; 13.1 mmol; 2 eq.) was then added and the reaction was allowed to warm to RT and stirred for 12 hrs. Monitored by LC/MS. The reaction was concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography (0-30% EtOAc/hexanes with 0.1% triethylamine). Isolation gave 2.2 g of the title compound (mixture of benzophenone and eliminated by-product). LC/MS (ES) (M+H)+: 406 for C23H27N5O2.
(3S,4R)-tert-Butyl-3-azido-4-[(diphenylmethylene)amino]piperidine-1-carboxylate (Intermediate 102) (2.22 g; 5.5 mmol) was dissolved in 10 ml of aqueous THF (5% H2O). PPTS (1.4 g; 6.0 mmol; 1.1 eq.) was added in a single portion. The initial cloudy solution became clear within minutes. Upon completion (as determined by LC/MS analysis) the reaction was concentrated and azeotropically dried with acetonitrile. No further purification.
3,4-Dichloro-5-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid (1.27 g; 6.6 mmol; 1.2 equiv.) and HATU (3.12 g; 8.22 mmol; 1.5 equiv.) were dissolved in NMP (10 ml) and DIEA (2.1 g; 2.7 ml; 16.4 mmol; 3 eq.). The solution was stirred for 30 minutes. An NMP solution containing the crude (3S,4R)-tert-butyl-4-amino-3-azidopiperidine-1-carboxylate (1.3 g; 5.5 mmol) was added in a single portion. Monitored the reaction by LC/MS and TLC (50% EtOAc/Hex)-ninhydrin stain. Diluted the reaction with EtOAc and washed with water (×2), then brine. Dried over Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to an oil. The compound was purified by flash column chromatography (20%-50% EtOAc/Hex). LC/MS (ES) (M−H)−: 417, 419 for C16H22Cl2N6O3.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/GB07/03134 | 8/16/2007 | WO | 00 | 2/17/2009 |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60822747 | Aug 2006 | US | |
| 60822923 | Aug 2006 | US | |
| 60890151 | Feb 2007 | US |
